Anaerobe最新文献

{"title":"Prosthetic joint infection caused by an atypical gram-negative bacilli: Odoribacter splanchnicus","authors":"Yuri Lara-Taranchenko ,&nbsp;Pablo S. Corona ,&nbsp;Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo ,&nbsp;Paula Salmerón-Menéndez ,&nbsp;Marina Vicente Ciurans ,&nbsp;María Cristina García-Martínez ,&nbsp;Lluís Carrera Calderer","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication after total hip arthroplasty. Its management consists of both: a radical </span>debridement and implant retention or exchange (depending on the timing of symptoms) and directed antibiotic therapy. Thus, the isolation of atypical microorganisms implies a challenge, where </span>anaerobes are responsible for only 4% of cases. However, </span><em>Odoribacter splanchnicus</em> has not been reported as a cause of PJI yet.</p><p>We present an 82 year-old woman who was diagnosed with hip PJI. A radical debridement, prosthetic withdrawal, and spacer introduction was performed. Despite the directed antibiotic therapy against <em>E. coli</em> which was first isolated, the patient persisted clinically febrile. An anaerobic Gram-negative rod was isolated and finally, <em>Odoribacter splanchnicus</em><span><span> was identified and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, antibiotic bitherapy with </span>ciprofloxacin<span> and metronidazole was started until 6 weeks after surgery. The patient had no signs of infection recurrence after then.</span></span></p><p>This case report also shows the importance of genomic identification of rare microorganisms causing PJI, and also allows setting a directed antibiotic therapy which is crucial for infection eradication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9664570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of microbiological profile of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) isolates from subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) or intestinal pre-cancerous lesions versus healthy individuals and evaluation of environmental factors involved in intestinal dysbiosis","authors":"Patrizia Spigaglia ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Barbanti ,&nbsp;Elena Angela Pia Germinario ,&nbsp;Enrico Maria Criscuolo ,&nbsp;Giovanni Bruno ,&nbsp;Lupe Sanchez-Mete ,&nbsp;Barbara Porowska ,&nbsp;Vittoria Stigliano ,&nbsp;Fabio Accarpio ,&nbsp;Andrea Oddi ,&nbsp;Ilaria Zingale ,&nbsp;Silvia Rossi ,&nbsp;Roberta De Angelis ,&nbsp;Alessia Fabbri","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to analyze enterotoxigenic <span><em>Bacteroides fragilis</em></span><span> (ETBF) isolates from colorectal biopsies of subjects with a histological analysis positive for colorectal cancer (CRC), pre-cancerous lesions (pre-CRC) or with a healthy intestinal tissue and to evaluate the environmental factors<span> that may not only concur to CRC development but may also affect gut microbiota composition.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>ETBF isolates were typed using the ERIC-PCR method, while PCR assays were performed to investigate the <em>bft</em> alleles, the <em>B. fragilis</em><span> pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region and the </span><em>cepA, cfiA</em> and <em>cfxA</em><span> genes. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the agar dilution<span> method. Environmental factors that could play a role in promoting intestinal dysbiosis were evaluated throughout a questionnaire administered to the subjects enrolled.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Six different ERIC-PCR types were identified. The type denominated C in this study was the most prevalent, in particular among the biopsies of subjects with pre-CRC, while an isolate belonging to a different type, denominated F, was detected in a biopsy from a subject with CRC. All the ETBF isolates from pre-CRC or CRC subjects had a <em>B. fragilis</em> pathogenicity island (BFPAI) region pattern I, while those from healthy individuals showed also different patterns. Furthermore, 71% of isolates from subjects with pre-CRC or CRC were resistant to two or more classes of antibiotics vs 43% of isolates from healthy individuals. The <em>B. fragilis</em><span> toxin BFT1 was the most frequently detected in this study, confirming the constant circulation of this isoform strains in Italy. Interestingly, BFT1 was found in 86% of the ETBF isolates from patients with CRC or pre-CRC, while the BFT2 was prevalent among the ETBF isolates from healthy subjects. No substantial differences based on sex, age, tobacco and alcohol consumption were observed between healthy and non-healthy individuals included in this study, while most of the subjects with CRC or pre-CRC lesions were subjected to pharmacological therapy (71%) and showed a body mass index (BMI) that falls within the overweight range (86%).</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data suggest that some types of ETBF seem to better adapt and colonize the human gut and that the selective pressure exerted by factors related to lifestyle, such as pharmacological therapy and weight, could facilitate their persistence in the gut and their possible involvement in CRC development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9719756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in a general hospital from Argentina","authors":"Barbara Fox,&nbsp;Valentina Ricci,&nbsp;Silvina Bergese,&nbsp;Pablo Striebeck,&nbsp;Ana Schneider,&nbsp;María Alejandra Berger,&nbsp;María Ivana Maldonado,&nbsp;Liliana Fernandez-Canigia","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxin-producing <span><em>Clostridioides difficile</em></span> infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. However, it is now recognized as a cause of diarrhea in the community. This single-center study aimed to determine the epidemiological origin of CDI cases between January 2014 and December 2019 and to compare demographic characteristics, comorbidities, risk factors, severity, and mortality of community CDI with healthcare facility-associated CDI. There were 52 CDI cases from the community (34.4%). Community patients were significantly younger (53 yo vs. 65 yo), less comorbid (Charlson Index 1.65 vs. 3.98), and less severe (only one case). The main risk factor was the use of antibiotics in the previous 90 days (65%). However, we did not find any known risk factor in 7 patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin requires acid sphingomyelinase for cellular entry","authors":"Yoshihiko Sakaguchi,&nbsp;Keiko Kobayashi,&nbsp;Masaya Takehara,&nbsp;Masahiro Nagahama","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span><em>Clostridium perfringens</em></span><span><span><span> epsilon-toxin is considered to be a crucial agent in enterotoxemia<span> in domestic animals. Epsilon-toxin enters host cells via endocytosis and results in the formation of late endosome/lysosome-derived </span></span>vacuoles<span>. In the present study, we found that acid sphingomyelinase promotes the </span></span>internalization of epsilon-toxin in MDCK cells.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We measured the extracellular release of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) by epsilon-toxin. We examined the role of ASMase in epsilon-toxin-induced cytotoxicity using selective inhibitors and knockdown of ASMase. Production of ceramide<span> after toxin treatment<span> was determined by immunofluorescence technique.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Blocking agents of ASMase and exocytosis of lysosomes inhibited this epsilon-toxin-induced vacuole formation. Lysosomal ASMase was liberated to extracellular space during treatment of the cells with epsilon-toxin in the presence of Ca</span>²⁺<span><span><span>. RNAi-mediated attenuation of ASMase blocked epsilon-toxin-induced vacuolation. Moreover, incubation of MDCK cells with epsilon-toxin led to production of ceramide. The ceramide colocalized with lipid raft-binding cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) in the cell membrane, indicating that conversion of </span>lipid raft associated </span>sphingomyelin to ceramide by ASMase facilitates lesion of MDCK cells and internalization of epsilon-toxin.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the present results, ASMase is required for efficient internalization of epsilon-toxin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9999072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The outer membrane protein of Fusobacterium necrophorum, 43K OMP, stimulates inflammatory cytokine production through nuclear factor kappa B activation","authors":"Xianjing He ,&nbsp;Jiao Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Jiang ,&nbsp;Shuai Lian ,&nbsp;Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Shan Fu ,&nbsp;Pengyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xiao ,&nbsp;Dongbo Sun ,&nbsp;Donghua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span><em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em></span><span><span> causes bovine hepatic abscess, foot rot, </span>mastitis<span>, and endometritis<span>. The 43 kDa outer membrane protein (43 K OMP) of </span></span></span><em>F. necrophorum</em><span> is a porin protein that plays an important role in infections by this bacterium, but the biological function and the pathogenesis of this protein are largely unknown.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>In this study, we investigated the role of the 43 K OMP in bacterial infection of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) by Tandem Mass Tag </span>proteomic<span> analysis. The RAW264.7 cells were incubated with recombinant 43 K OMP (12.5 μg/mL) for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 12 h, and then the inflammatory related protein and inflammatory cytokine production<span><span> were measured by Western blot analysis and </span>ELISA<span>, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokine were measured by Real-Time PCR.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>Proteomic analysis results demonstrated there were 224 differentially expressed proteins in the MAC-T cells stimulated with the 43 K OMP compared with control, and 118 proteins were upregulated and 106 proteins were downregulated. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in NF-kappa B signaling, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, cell adhesion, complement and coagulation cascades. The top six differentially expressed proteins were; MMP9, PLAU, </span>STOM<span>, PSMD13, PLAUR, and ITGAV, which were involved in a protein-protein interaction network. Furthermore, TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were assessed by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Results showed the 43 K OMP to enhance the expression of TLR4 protein at 2 h (</span></span><em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.01) and the MyD88 protein at 4 h (</span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) post-stimulation, and to decrease IκBα expression at 4 h, 6 h and 12 h (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) post-infection, as well as induce phosphorylation at Ser536 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the supernatants of mouse macrophages were increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), as were mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while IL-4 mRNA expression was decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, these results suggested the important role for 43 K OMP in <em>F. necrophorum</em> infection, promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) by activation of the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. These findings provided a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of <em>F. necrophorum</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10000083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile PCR Tcdb Cycle Threshold predicts toxin EIA positivity but not severity of infection","authors":"Regan Mah ,&nbsp;Kerstin Locher ,&nbsp;Theodore S. Steiner ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Stefanovic","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diagnosis of <span><em>Clostridioides difficile</em><em> Infection</em></span> (CDI) entails compatible clinical presentation and laboratory findings. We evaluated real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle threshold (C_T) as a predictor for disease severity and TcdB enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Inpatients or emergency department patients who tested positive for </span><em>tcdB</em><span> gene by PCR were evaluated. Patients’ stools underwent testing for GDH<span> and TcdA/B by EIA. Medical health records were reviewed for demographic, clinical presentation, laboratory, treatment and outcome data. Severity of CDI was calculated using various severity score indexes.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median C_T of cases was 32.05 ± 5.45. The optimal cut-off for predicting toxin EIA positivity and severe CDI based on chart review was 32.6 and 29.8, respectively, with the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.74 and 0.60 respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>C_T value was an acceptable predictor for EIA toxin but less so for clinical severity. Our study potentially supports a diagnostic algorithm including C_T value to reduce the number of EIA toxin assays performed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of bovine digital dermatitis treponemes in conditions relevant to the host and farm environment","authors":"Jennifer Bell ,&nbsp;Hayley E. Crosby-Durrani ,&nbsp;Roger W. Blowey ,&nbsp;Stuart D. Carter ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), a painful infectious foot disease in dairy cattle, endemic in many countries worldwide, causes substantial economic and welfare impacts. <em>Treponema</em> spp. are considered key to BDD pathogenesis. To aid infection reservoir identification and control measure development, survival of BDD treponemes was investigated in different temperatures (4, 12, 20, 37, 45 and 60 °C), pH values (5–9.0), dairy cattle faeces and bedding types: straw shavings, sand, sand containing 5% lime (w/w) and recycled manure solids (RMS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A turbidity microplate methodology was adapted to measure pH impact on growth. Survival of BDD treponemes for the different conditions were assessed by sub-cultures of microcosms over different time points.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>BDD treponemes remained viable between 4 and 37 °C and pH 5.5 and 9.0 under anaerobic conditions. In sterile faecal microcosms, incubated aerobically at 12 °C, BDD treponemes remained viable for a median of 1 day (15 min - 6 day range). Variation in duration of survival and ability to grow was observed between phylogroups and strains. In aerobic microcosms, <em>T. phagedenis</em> T320A remained viable for the full 7 days in sand, 6 days in sawdust, 5 days in RMS, but was not viable after 15 min in straw or sand containing 5% (w/w) lime.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Treponeme survival conditions identified here should enhance future BDD infection reservoir surveys and enable control measures. Of note, straw or sand containing 5% (w/w) lime should be assessed in BDD field trials. Finally, these data indicate BDD treponemes exhibit characteristics of facultative anaerobes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10240030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms in Hong Kong, 2020–2021","authors":"Hanshu Fang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Mei-Kum Yan ,&nbsp;Man-Ki Tong ,&nbsp;Kin-Hung Chow ,&nbsp;Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng ,&nbsp;Pak-Leung Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This retrospective study analyzed the susceptibility levels of <span><em>Bacteroides fragilis</em></span><span><span> group (BFG) in a hospital-based laboratory where disk diffusion test (DDT) was routinely performed. Isolates non-susceptible to </span>imipenem<span> and metronidazole by DDT were further investigated using a gradient method.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The DDT and MIC susceptibility data of clindamycin<span><span>, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and imipenem obtained on </span>Brucella<span> blood agar for 1264 non-duplicated isolates during 2020–2021 were analyzed. Species identification was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA<span> sequencing. Interpretative agreement of DDT results using the 2015 EUCAST tentative and 2021 CA-SFM breakpoints was compared against MIC as the reference.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The dataset included 604 <em>B. fragilis</em> (483 division I, 121 division II isolates), 415 non-<em>fragilis Bacteroides</em>, 177 <em>Phocaeicola</em> and 68 <span><em>Parabacteroides</em></span><span>. Susceptibility rates for clindamycin (22.1–62.1%) and moxifloxacin (59.9–80.9%) were low and many had no inhibition zones. At the EUCAST and CA-SFM breakpoints, 83.0 and 89.4% were imipenem-susceptible, and 89.6% and 97.4 were metronidazole-susceptible. MIC testing confirmed 11.4% and 2.8% isolates as imipenem-non-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant, respectively. Significant numbers of false-susceptibility and/or false-resistance results were observed at the CA-SFM breakpoint but not the EUCAST breakpoint. Higher rates of imipenem and/or metronidazole resistance were detected in </span><em>B. fragilis</em> division II, <em>B. caccae, B. ovatus, B. salyersiae, B. stercoris</em> and <em>Parabacteroides</em>. Co-resistance to imipenem and metronidazole was detected in 3 <em>B. fragilis</em> division II isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data demonstrated emerging BFG resistance to several important anti-anaerobic antibiotics and highlights the importance of anaerobic susceptibility testing in clinical laboratories to guide therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9780152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminococcus gnavus bacteremia: Literature review and a case report associated with acute flare of ulcerative colitis in an immunocompromised patient","authors":"Javier Martínez de Victoria Carazo ,&nbsp;David Vinuesa García ,&nbsp;Esther Serrano-Conde Sánchez ,&nbsp;José Antonio Peregrina Rivas ,&nbsp;Antonio José Ruíz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;José Hernández Quero","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We present a case of bacteremia caused by </span><span><em>Ruminococcus</em><em> gnavus</em></span><span> in an immunocompromised patient. </span><em>R. gnavus</em><span><span> is a Gram-positive strict anaerobe bacterium that forms chains. The bacteremia has been associated with an acute flare of </span>ulcerative colitis<span><span>. Anaerobic bacteremia is becoming increasingly frequent in patients<span> with compromised gastrointestinal barrier. The role of the human microbiota and its alterations in the pathogenesis of immune-related </span></span>diseases is an expanding area of interest. </span></span><em>R. gnavus</em><span><span> has been identified as a microorganism that may be responsible for the development of these diseases. The contribution of anaerobic bacteria to the pathogenesis of </span>inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is discussed, and cases reported up until 2023 were reviewed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Actinomyces spp. and related organisms in cervicofacial infections: Pathomechanism, diagnosis and therapeutic aspects","authors":"Zsanett Kövér ,&nbsp;Vidar Johansen Nordskag ,&nbsp;Ágnes Bán ,&nbsp;Márió Gajdács ,&nbsp;Edit Urbán","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Members of the <em>Actinomyces</em> genus and <em>Actinomyces</em>-like organisms (ALOs; namely <em>Actinotignum</em>, <em>Arcanobacterium</em>, <em>Schaalia</em> and <em>Varibaculum</em>) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or “lumpy jaw syndrome” – the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by <em>Actinomyces</em> spp. And ALOs – is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of <em>Actinomyces</em> spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of <em>Actinomyces</em> species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}