Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"Compensating for the corolla? Pollen exposure is not associated with pollen-collecting hair length.","authors":"Hanna Makowski, Emily Scott, Keric Lamb, Laura F Galloway","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae139","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Secondary pollen presentation, the relocation of pollen from the anthers to elsewhere on the flower, has evolved multiple times across many plant families. While hypotheses suggest it evolved to promote outcrossing, a by-product of relocation may be protection of pollen from loss due to abiotic factors. In Campanulaceae pollen is presented on pollen-collecting hairs along the style and the hairs retract over time and release pollen for transfer. Campanulaceae taxa vary in the degree to which pollen is exposed to environmental factors due to variation in the corolla shape and size. We tested the protective function of pollen-collecting hairs by assessing whether there was a trade-off between the protection provided by the corolla and the pollen-collecting hairs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used phylogenetic comparative methods to test for associations between pollen-collecting hair length, floral shape and size metrics, and pollen exposure traits across 39 species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We anticipated longer pollen-collecting hairs in taxa with more exposed pollen presentation but found there was no relationship between estimates of pollen exposure and pollen-collecting hair length. However, pollen-collecting hair length scaled allometrically with floral size, and variation in pollen-collecting hairs, as well as most floral traits, was phylogenetically structured.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that variation in pollen exposure across species does not structure variation in the pollen-collecting hairs, rather hair length scales allometrically and is phylogenetically constrained; therefore pollen-collecting hairs are unlikely to facilitate protection from environmental pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"1027-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Temperature dependence of pollen germination and tube growth in conifers relates to their distribution along an elevational gradient in Washington State, USA.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae225","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Na+ effects and multi-trait GWAS point to salt exclusion as the key mechanism for reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice.","authors":"Marjorie P de Ocampo, Bui Phuoc Tam, James A Egdane, Dmytro Chebotarov, Kazuyuki Doi, Akira Yamauchi, Abdelbagi M Ismail, Amelia Henry, Shiro Mitsuya","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Since salinity stress may occur across stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop growth, understanding the effects of salinity at reproductive stage is important although it has been much less studied than at seedling stage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, lines from the Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) and the 3000 Rice Genomes (3KRG) were used to screen morphological and physiological traits, map loci controlling salinity tolerance through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and identify favorable haplotypes associated with reproductive stage salinity tolerance.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Salt exclusion was identified as the key tolerance mechanism in this study based on reduced panicle length as flag leaf Na+ increased, and a lack of effect of trimming the leaves in the salinity treatment on genotypic rankings. Since larger biomass showed a negative effect on the number of filled grains in multiple experiments, future studies should investigate the effect of whole-plant transpiration levels on salt uptake. In addition to genome-wide significant peaks identified in the single trait GWAS analyses, six loci showed colocations for multiple traits across experiments. Among these co-locating loci, three candidate loci that exhibited favorable haplotypes were also characterized to be involved in co-expression networks among which apoplast and cell wall functions had been annotated - further highlighting the role of salt exclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The loci identified here could be considered as potential sources for improving reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire and seed dormancy: A global meta-analysis.","authors":"Zahra Monemizadeh, Asieh Siahmarguee, Elias Soltani, Benjamin Torabi, Carol C Baskin, Majid Azimmohseni, Juli G Pausas, Çağatay Tavşanoğlu, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour, Farshid Ghaderi-Far","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Fire-released seed dormancy (SD) is a key trait for successful germination and plant persistence in many fire-prone ecosystems. Many local studies have shown that fire-released SD depends on heat and exposure time, dose of smoke-derived compounds, SD class, plant lineage and the fire regime. However, a global quantitative analysis of fire-released SD is lacking. We hypothesized that fire-released SD is more prevalent in fire-prone than in non-fire-prone ecosystems, and in crown-fire compared to surface-fire ecosystems. Additionally, uncovering patterns in the relationship between fire cues and SD classes at the global scale that mirror those identified in local or regional studies was expected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 246 published germination studies during 1970-2022, encompassing 1782 species from 128 families was used in our meta-analysis. Meta-analysis moderators included different fire cues, smoke application methods, smoke exposure duration and concentration, smoke compounds, fire-proneness, fire regimes, and ecosystem types.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Heat released physical, and smoke released physiological and morphophysiological dormancies. For SD release, heat and smoke acted synergistically, and KAR1 was the most effective smoke compound. Fire-released SD was more prevalent in fire-prone than non-fire-prone regions; and particularly under crown fire regimes. Fire-released SD occurred mainly in Mediterranean ecosystems, temperate dry forests, and temperate warm ecosystems, whereas species from savannas and tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands, and tropical rainforests generally responded negatively to fire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fire-released SD is strongly influenced by fire regimes the latter with significant role in shaping SD and germination patterns on a global scale. The synergistic effect of heat and smoke in dormancy release reveals more intricate interactions between fire cues than previously understood. Understanding these patterns is crucial in the context of shifting fire regimes driven by climate change, as they may disrupt plant life cycles, alter ecosystem functions, biodiversity, and community composition and provide key insights for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in fire-prone ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive genome-wide phylogenetic discordance is due to incomplete lineage sorting in the rapidly radiated East Asian genus Nekemias (Vitaceae).","authors":"Guan-Hao He, Ying Meng, Meng-Hua Zhang, Da Wang, Ran Meng, Lei Zhang, Zhao-Fu Chu, Jun Wen, Ze-Long Nie","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Nekemias is a small genus of the grape family, with nine species discontinuously distributed in temperate to subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere but mostly in East Asia. Previous phylogenetic studies on Nekemias have mainly based on a few chloroplast markers, and the phylogenetic framework and systematic relationships are still highly contested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a systematic framework reconstruction of Nekemias and intra-generic reticulate evolutionary analyses based on extensive single-copy nuclear and chloroplast genomic data obtained by the Hyb-Seq approach, combining genome skimming and target enrichment.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Both nuclear and chloroplast genomic data strongly support the monophyly of Nekemias with its division into two major lineages from East Asia and North America, respectively. There are strong and extensive topological conflicts among nuclear gene trees and between nuclear and chloroplast topologies within the genus, especially within the East Asian clade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rapid radiation through predominant incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) throughout the evolutionary history of the East Asian taxa is supported to explain the relatively high species diversity of Nekemias in East Asia. This study highlights the important role of short periods of rapid evolutionary radiations accompanied by ILS as a mechanism for the complex and fast species diversifications in the grape family as well as potentially in many other plant lineages in East Asia and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation in seed dispersal between annual and perennial populations.","authors":"Jenni Velichka, Jannice Friedman","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Seed dispersal impacts plant fitness by shaping the habitat and distribution of offspring, influencing population dynamics and spatial genetic diversity. Whether the evolution of dispersal strategies varies across herbaceous life forms (annual, perennial, clonal) is inconclusive. This study examines how seed dispersal strategies vary between annual and perennial populations of Mimulus guttatus (syn. Erythranthe guttata), investigating differences in seedpod orientation and shape, and the probability and distance of seed dispersal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a greenhouse experiment using 190 plants from 6 populations of annual and perennial M. guttatus, to compare floral orientation, seedpod architecture, and its effect on seed dispersal. We used controlled wind trials to measure the probability of seed dispersal and the dispersal distance of individual seeds from plants.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We identify three key differences in seedpod architecture and seed dispersal in annuals and perennials: seedpods are angled more upward-facing in perennials compared to annuals; a lower proportion of seed is dispersed in perennials; and seed disperse farther in perennials than annuals. These results are consistent with our predictions that a clonal, perennial life form should be associated with traits that increase the retention of seeds, requiring greater wind speeds to dislodge seed and increasing dispersal distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the close genetic relationship between annual and perennial populations of M. guttatus, we find differences in seedpod architecture and seed dispersal. We suggest that perennial plants, characterized by clonal reproduction and multi-year survival, benefit from strategies that facilitate long-distance seed dispersal to mitigate competition and promote colonization of new habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of post-glacial migration and hybridization on the gene pool of marginal Quercus pubescens populations in Central Europe.","authors":"Jil Pütz, Simon Jansen, Oliver Reutimann, Christian Rellstab, Sándor Bordács, Charalambos Neophytou","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>In Central Europe, the drought-tolerant downy oak (Quercus pubescens) is at the northern edge of its natural distribution range, often growing in small and spatially isolated populations. Here, we elucidate how the population genetic structure of Central European Q. pubescens was shaped by geographic barriers, genetic drift and introgression with the closely related sessile oak (Q. petraea).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>27 Q. pubescens populations from the northern margin of Q. pubescens' natural distribution range were sampled. Based on 16 nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs), Bayesian clustering and distance-based analyses were performed to determine the intraspecific genetic structure and to identify genetic barriers. To identify drivers of introgression with Q. petraea, generalised linear models were applied to link levels of introgression with environmental conditions. To track post-glacial migration routes, the spatial distribution of haplotypes based on 8 chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) was investigated.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Based on nSSRs, the study populations of Q. pubescens were divided into a western and an eastern genetic cluster. Within these clusters, more pronounced genetic substructure was observed in the west, probably due to a rugged topography and limited gene flow. Introgression from Q. petraea was more prevalent at wetter and north-exposed sites and in the west. The identified cpSSR haplotypes followed known migration pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest two late-glacial refugia in or near the southwestern Alps and the southeastern Alps as potential sources for post-glacial migration. Although some genetic exchange is evident in Northern Italy, south of the Alps, the two clusters remain distinct at a large scale. Landscape features and introgression with Q. petraea shaped the genetic substructure at a smaller scale. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic structure of Q. pubescens in Central Europe, relevant for conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the embryo structure in Bromeliaceae Juss. (Poales): morphological diversity, anatomy, and character evolution.","authors":"Jordano D Tavares de Carvalho, Elton M C Leme, Ivón M Ramírez-Morillo, Jorge E A Mariath","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Recent studies have documented numerous morphoanatomical variations for the seed coat in Bromeliaceae. However, the structural diversity and character evolution of the embryo within this family remain largely unexplored. Given the embryo's significance in plant diversification, this research aims to investigate the morphology and key anatomical features of Bromeliaceae embryos, providing insights into character evolution, taxonomic applications, and reproductive biology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed samples of 88 species from 50 genera representing the major lineages of Bromeliaceae, using standard plant microtechniques adapted for seeds. To determine ancestral traits, parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses were performed in a consensus supertree combining previous phylogenies.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>This study identified 14 informative characters, highlighting significant differences among groups, particularly in embryo morphology, differentiation, and anatomical traits. Our analysis revealed that undifferentiated embryos with a vestigial cotyledonary hyperphyll are plesiomorphic in Bromeliaceae. They have evolved multiple times into rudimentary or well-differentiated embryos, the latter exhibiting intermediate or large sizes and diverse cotyledonary hyperphyll morphologies. The cotyledonary hypophyll varies in sheath lobes and slit morphologies, and is curved or expanded exclusively in Bromelioideae representatives. Similarly, several patterns of hypocotyl/radicle constriction are unique to Tillandsioideae and plesiomorphic for this clade. Although rudimentary embryos exhibit simpler and more uniform anatomy, they are distinct from undifferentiated embryos, which lack defined organs and internal tissues. In contrast, well-differentiated embryos possess more complex anatomical structures, including a multi-layered shoot apical meristem and root cap, a broad cotyledonary sheath, and often leaf primordia, the latter evolving independently several times only in large embryos.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal a previously unknown morphological diversity for embryos in Bromeliaceae, enhancing our understanding of the morphological evolution of its major lineages. In addition, it introduces new informative characters for the family's systematics and broadens our understanding of the reproductive biology of Bromeliaceae.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: New beginnings for dead ends: polyploidy, -SSE models and the dead-end hypothesis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeat competition and ecological shifts drive the evolution of the mobilome in Rhynchospora Vahl. (Cyperaceae), the holocentric beaksedges.","authors":"Lucas Costa, Natália Castro, Christopher E Buddenhagen, André Marques, Andrea Pedrosa-Harand, Gustavo Souza","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Genomic changes triggered by polyploidy, chromosomal rearrangements, and/ or environmental stress are among factors that affect the activity of mobile elements, particularly Long Terminal Repeats Retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) and DNA transposons. Because these elements can proliferate and move throughout host genomes, altering the genetic, epigenetic and nucleotypic landscape, they have been recognized as a relevant evolutionary force. Beaksedges (Rhynchospora) stand out for their wide cosmopolitan distribution, high diversity (~400 spp.) and holocentric chromosomes related to high karyotypic diversity and a centromere-specific satDNA Tyba. This makes the genus an interesting model to investigate the interactions between repetitive elements, phylogenetic relationships, and ecological variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we used comparative phylogenetic methods to investigate the forces driving the evolution of the entire set of mobile elements (mobilome) in the holocentric genus Rhynchospora. We statistically tested the impact of phylogenetic relationships, abundance of holocentromeric satDNA Tyba, diversity of repeatome composition, ecological variables, and chromosome number in mobile element diversification.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Tyba abundance was found to be inversely correlated with LTR-RT content. Decrease of LTR abundance and diversity was also related to increase in chromosome number (likely due to fission events), and colonization of dry environments in the northern hemisphere. In contrast, we found constant LTR insertions throughout time in species with lower chromosome numbers in rainier environments in South America. A multivariate model showed that different traits drive LTR abundance, especially repeat diversity and Tyba abundance. Other mobile elements, such as non-LTR RTs and DNA transposons had insufficient abundance to be included in our models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that LTR evolution is strongly impacted by the holocentric characteristics of Rhynchospora chromosomes, correlating with species diversification and biome shifts, and supporting a holokinetic drive model of evolution and a competitive scenario with Tyba. Altogether, our results present evidence of multi-trait influence on LTR-RT dynamics and provide a broader understanding of TE evolution in a macroevolutionary context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}