Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"Shifts in trait diversity across the range of an endemic treeline species in central Chile.","authors":"Catalina Hernández, Alejandro Venegas-González, Luiz Santini, Dylan Craven","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Climate change is altering biodiversity by shifting species' ranges. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these shifts are not well understood for plants, whose responses to changes in precipitation or temperature are often idiosyncratic. Here, we evaluated if ecological strategies mediate tree growth and whether intraspecific trait diversity shifts across the range of an endemic tree species in a region experiencing a extreme drought.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured functional traits of 45 individuals of Kageneckia angustifolia from populations at the center and trailing and leading edges of its distribution, i.e. where abiotic stress is higher and lower, respectively, in central Chile. We identified individual-level ecological strategies using leaf and xylem traits and tested their association with tree growth, and estimated statistical moments of intraspecific trait variation and multidimensional trait diversity across populations with bootstrapping.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We found that intraspecific trait variation of K. angustifolia was dominated by three ecological strategies: hydraulic safety and efficiency, resource use, and water use. Across populations, tree growth was positively correlated with the hydraulic safety and efficiency ecological strategy, xylem traits, and leaf thickness. Our results show that mean leaf traits shifted towards values associated with conservative resource use and xylem traits shifted towards values associated with hydraulic safety in the trailing edge. Similarly, variance decreased towards the trailing edge, skewness was positive for most traits, and kurtosis was largely negative. Consequently, multidimensional trait diversity decreased non-linearly towards the trailing edge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed that asymmetric environmental filtering shifted trait distributions and, therefore, lowered trait diversity of K. angustifolia, likely due to increasing drought stress. Our results suggest that these shifts enable greater persistence of populations at the trailing edge, yet the species' long-term viability likely depends on its capacity to disperse to sites with suitable abiotic conditions beyond its current distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal constraints on leaf-level trait plasticity for next-generation land surface models.","authors":"A Odé, N G Smith, K T Rebel, H J de Boer","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are essential for quantifying the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the Earth's climate system, but struggle with uncertainty and complexity. Eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) theory provides a promising approach to improve DGVMs based on the premise that leaf carbon gain is optimized with resource costs. However, the timescales at which plant traits can adjust to environmental changes are not yet systematically incorporated in EEO-based models. Our aims were to identify temporal constraints on key leaf photosynthetic and leaf functional traits, and develop a conceptual framework for incorporation of temporal leaf trait dynamics in EEO-based models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed scientific literature on temporal responses of leaf traits associated with stomata and hydraulics, photosynthetic biochemistry, and morphology and lifespan. Subsequent response times were categorized from fast to slow considering physiological, phenotypical (acclimation), and evolutionary (adaptation) mechanisms. We constructed a conceptual framework including several key leaf traits identified from the literature review. We considered temporal separation of dynamics in the leaf interior to atmospheric CO2 concentration (ci:ca) from the optimal ci:ca ratio χ(optimal), and dynamics in stomatal conductance within the constraint of the anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax). A proof-of-concept was provided by modelling temporally-separated responses in these trait combinations to CO2 and humidity.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We identified 15 leaf traits crucial for EEO-based modelling and determined their response mechanisms and timescales. Physiological and phenotypical response mechanisms were considered most relevant for modelling EEO-based trait dynamics, while evolutionary constraints limit response ranges. Our conceptual framework demonstrated an approach to separate near-instantaneous physiological responses in ci:ca from week-scale phenotypic responses in χ(optimal), and to separate minute-scale physiological responses in stomatal conductance from annual-scale phenotypic responses in gsmax.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We highlight an opportunity to constrain leaf trait dynamics in EEO-based models based on physiological, phenotypical and evolutionary response mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corsiniopsis kurtzii gen. Et sp. Nov., a new fertile marchantioid fossil from the late triassic of argentina provides evidence of the evolutionary trends of fertile branches in the complex thalloid liverworts.","authors":"Jorge R Flores, Bárbara Cariglino","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiales) are an iconic group of bryophytes that have been long speculated to be one of the oldest lineages of land plants. Even though a thorough review of their fossil record has recently enhanced our understanding of their evolutionary history, few fossils have been found to preserve fertile characters. Here, we describe a new fertile marchantioid fossil from the Late Triassic of Argentina and assess its phylogenetic affinities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>the new fossil was scored into an extensive morphological matrix encompassing both extant and fossil bryophytes. To thoroughly assess the position of the fossil, phylogenetic analyses applied two taxon samplings: a broad sampling of bryophytes and a focal sampling of Marchantiales. Topologies were inferred under equal weighting and extended implied weighting, including character dependencies as step-matrices complexes. The optimal topologies inferred under equal weighting were finally time-calibrated using the First Appearance Data (FAD) for species.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>our analyses indicate a clear affinity of the new fossil with the xerophytic Marchantiales, although its precise placement within the order depends on the analytical approach. Time-calibrating the optimal topologies led to xerophytic lineages diverging in the interval Late Permian-Early Triassic, which is older than previously inferred. The inclusion of the new fertile fossil implies that specialised branches were undergoing reduction already by the Early Mesozoic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>through the description and analyses of a new Early Mesozoic fossil, our study reveals a novel trend in the evolution of specialised fertile branches in Marchantiales. Likewise, according to our time-calibrating, the radiation of xerophytic lineages is inferred older than in previous studies. Our study highlights the importance of discovering new fossils to close the gap in our knowledge of the evolutionary history of the complex thalloid liverworts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetics of the supertribe Paulliniodae (Sapindaceae) with emphasis on chromosome evolution: Taxonomic implications including the new genus Acevedoa.","authors":"Juan D Urdampilleta, Eliana R Forni-Martins, María S Ferrucci","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The supertribe Paulliniodae includes Athyaneae, Bridgesieae, Thouinieae, and Paullinieae tribes. Molecular phylogeny and chromosomal diversity are relatively known, and some doubts persist about chromosome evolution processes and the taxonomic position of a group of Cardiospermum and Urvillea species weakly associated with Serjania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the molecular phylogeny and diversification time of the group, including unpublished DNA sequences of the ITS, trnL intron and trnL-trnF for 26 species. A total of 87 species were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of molecular sequences. The association between chromosome number variation and phylogenetic relationships was analysed using ChromEvol, incorporating 14 newly determined chromosome numbers for Athyana, Paullinia, Serjania, and Urvillea.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The basic chromosome number reconstructions in Paulliniodae indicated x = 15 in all models. These results demonstrate a significant chromosome reduction process in the tribe Paullinieae that allows characterising some genera of the tribe during the late Oligocene/early Miocene (15-20 Mya), supporting the foundation of a new genus to accommodate Cardiospermum integerrimum and C. heringeri, two species with uncertain taxonomy position.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We propose the new genus, Acevedoa, which is defined by a unique set of character states, including two corniculiform nectaries, in the form of arched horns, calyx pentamerous, fruit trigonous turbinate, 3 winged, with remarkable stipe, relatively large sculptured seeds, and 2n = 14. The following two new combinations are made to incorporate the results of our findings: Acevedoa heringeri and A. integerrima. Descriptions and illustrations are provided, with comments on geographical distribution, phenology, conservation status, and generic relationships. The lectotype for the name belonging to Cardiospermum integerrimum is designated. A key to the genera of Paullinieae is added. The new genus, supported by morphological, chromosomal, and molecular evidence, adds new features and extends knowledge on the supertribe Paulliniodae.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-sterility, self-incompatibility and xenia: a review of the mechanisms of cross-pollination benefits in animal-pollinated crops.","authors":"Stan Chabert, Rachel E Mallinger","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While there are multiple mechanisms of self-incompatibility (SI), known to promote outbreeding in angiosperms, these are not well synthesized and described across major global crops. This can lead to misinterpretations of biological processes involved in crop pollination, fertilization and fertility, in particular by confusing them with an additional overlooked mechanism causing self-sterility (SS), early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). Another overlooked mechanism, called xenia, results in increased quality of seeds and fruits through cross-pollination even in self-compatible and self-fertile crops.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>The aim of this review was to describe and synthesize all the known mechanisms of SI and SS encountered in animal-pollinated (zoophilous) crops, and additional mechanisms by which cross-pollination can be beneficial for crop production. All the known zoophilous crops presenting SS, SI or xenia were quantified and described.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>134 zoophilous crops were found to be self-sterile, including 52 displaying complete SS and 82 displaying partial SS. We identified all the known mechanisms of SI and SS in these crops, including gametophytic SI, sporophytic SI, heteromorphic SI, late-acting SI and EID. In addition, 58 zoophilous crops were found to display xenia, including 22 that are self-compatible and completely self-fertile. In total, 156 zoophilous crops were identified as benefitting from cross-pollination for the quantity and quality of seed and fruit production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While previous reviews focused on quantifying the benefit of animal pollinators for crop production, they did not synthesize the mechanisms underlying pollinator dependence for such crops. Our review provides valuable knowledge about crop pollination requirements in general and more particularly the benefits of cross-pollination across crops ranging in self-fertility. This information could help growers make suitable management decisions regarding their field and orchard planting designs, specifically by mixing mutually suitable cultivars in crops displaying SS, SI, or benefiting from xenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifespan outperforms climate as a predictor of wood functional traits, but secondary woodiness shows no clear climatic pattern in Heliophila, a diverse clade from the Cape Floristic Region.","authors":"J Baczyński, A A Oskolski, P J D Winter, R Manuel, T Lyner, A R Magee, A M Muasya, K E Frankiewicz","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Annuals produce little wood due to their short life cycle, while perennials can accumulate more, though not all do. Consequently, lifespan extension is a prerequisite for-but not synonymous with-secondary woodiness. Even if a shift to perenniality does not substantially increase wood production, it may still affect wood anatomy, as annuals prioritise rapid growth, whereas perennials invest in structural resilience. Heliophila, a genus of the Brassicaceae from the Cape Floristic Region, provides an excellent system to investigate drivers of secondary woodiness and the impact of lifespan shifts on wood traits due to its multiple independent lifespan transitions and occurrence of secondary woodiness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reconstructed evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial lifespans and between herbaceous and secondarily woody habits. Using phylogenetically informed statistics, we analysed the relationship between climate, lifespan, and nine wood anatomical traits. Lifespan-specific evolutionary optima for these traits were estimated and compared. We also tested whether secondary woodiness in Heliophila is associated with specific climatic niches.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Lifespan shifts in Heliophila are primarily driven by water availability and seasonality, with perennials evolving in wetter and less seasonal environments. Secondary woodiness may be more frequent in warmer niches, though this trend was not statistically supported, likely due to the limited number of secondarily woody species. Lifespan, not climate, better predicted wood traits: annuals had longer, thinner-walled cells, while perennials had shorter cells with thicker walls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Heliophila, a shift in climatic niche prompts a change in lifespan, followed by slower adaptations in wood anatomy. Possibly, this pattern arises because alterations in lifespan affect stem architecture, establishing a developmental framework that governs subsequent anatomical adjustments. Furthermore, although not statistically robust, increased wood production may be linked to warmer niches, potentially associated with a temperature-driven enhancement in lignin biosynthesis that reinforces stem structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can grapevine physiology inform best management practices for new techniques in agrivoltaics and agroforestry? A commentary on 'Source-sink manipulations through shading, crop load and water deficit affect plant morphogenesis and carbon sink priorities leading to contrasted plant carbon status in grapevine'.","authors":"Nicholas C Collins, Stephen D Tyerman, Cassandra Collins","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making the most of herbaria. A commentary on 'Integrating datasets from herbarium specimens and images to treat a Neotropical myrtle species complex'.","authors":"J Mason Heberling, Bonnie L Isaac","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why conserve genetic diversity? A perspective based on a case study with a European conifer.","authors":"Bruno Fady, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms that exists within species, between species and of ecosystems. Yet, genetic diversity, the within species component of biodiversity, is rarely considered as a conservation concern or goal in protected areas.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>In this perspective, we explore possible reasons why genetic diversity is poorly considered in conservation and ecological restoration. We also present the case study of a threatened forest conifer in France (Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco, Salzmann's pine) that we offer as proof of how straightforward implementation of genetic diversity conservation goals can be in protected areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scientific studies in the fields of either conservation or biodiversity consider genetics in less than 10% of scientific productions. While genetic tools are used for taxonomic delineation, concerns about diversity within species at population level appear comparatively rare in conservation and biodiversity science or management. The use of genetic tools for the conservation of genetic diversity of Salzmann's pine in France clarified its taxonomic status, identified populations relevant for in-situ conservation compatible with habitat conservation and made it possible to select genetically original individual trees that could be grafted as a core collection for dynamic ex-situ conservation. As threats on biodiversity increase worldwide, fully integrating genetic diversity in conservation demands that conservation adopts an evolutionary centered, nature for itself perspective, rather than either an anthropocentric, resource focused perspective or a bio-centered, emblematic species focused perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and developmental analysis of Plantago spp. seed capsules reveal key features of the dehiscence zones.","authors":"Lina Herliana, James M Cowley, Lisa A O'Donovan, Tina Bianco-Miotto, Rachel A Burton","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Shattering is a natural phenomenon displayed by dry fruits or capsules that dehisce at maturity to distribute seeds. This undesirable trait in commercially-important Plantago ovata can cause high yield losses, especially when triggered by weather events. However, the underlying internal and external triggers of capsule dehiscence are not well understood. This study aimed to characterise the morphological features of Plantago seed capsules, focusing on dehiscence zones (DZ) and structural components influencing capsule opening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Capsule development and dehiscence in P. ovata were examined using staining, immunolabelling, and electron microscopy, with particular emphasis on the dehiscence zone between the lid and base. Polysaccharide-directed antibodies and monosaccharide profiling were used to analyse cell wall composition. Findings were compared across three Plantago relatives ranked by manually-induced dehiscence propensity.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Capsule walls are dominated by xylans and differentially-esterified pectins. The operculum (lid) shows a distinct lignification pattern absent in the capsule base. A key feature is the \"operculum hook\", a vertical cell layer with thickened walls enriched in xylans and lignin, connecting the lid to the base. The DZ contains two separation layers: the first formed by cuboidal cells lacking unesterified homogalacturonan with the second layer found at the junction between the operculum hook and the capsule base. Dehiscence occurs in two steps, involving abscission at these zones. Structural differences in the operculum hook, particularly cell wall thickness, vary across Plantago species and are correlated with ordinally ranked differences in manually-triggered dehiscence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Capsule dehiscence in Plantago involves two sequential separation events influenced by cell wall composition and structure. Cell wall dimensions at the operculum hook base could be critical in determining dehiscence ease. These findings provide new insights into capsule development and dehiscence, which could inform future breeding strategies to reduce yield losses in P. ovata and other crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}