Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"Responses of oak seedlings to increased herbivory and drought: a possible trade-off?","authors":"Marta Peláez, Aida López-Sánchez, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes, Rodolfo Dirzo, Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada, Ramón Perea","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Anthropogenic disturbances are causing a co-occurring increase in biotic (ungulate herbivory) and abiotic (drought) stressors, threatening plant reproduction in oak-dominated ecosystems. However, we wonder whether herbivory could compensate for the adverse impact of drought by reducing evapotranspiration. Thus, we investigate the isolated and joint effects of herbivory and drought on oak seedlings of two contrasting Mediterranean species that differ in leaf habit and drought resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>California oak seedlings from the evergreen, and more drought-resistant, Quercus agrifolia and the deciduous Q. lobata (n=387) were assigned to a fully crossed factorial design with herbivory and drought as stress factors. Seedlings were assigned in a greenhouse to 3-4 clipping levels simulating herbivory and 3-4 watering levels, depending on the species. We measured survival, growth, and leaf attributes (chlorophyll, secondary metabolites, leaf area and weight) once a month (May-Sep) and harvested above- and below-ground biomass at the end of the growing season.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>For both oak species, simulated herbivory enhanced seedling survival during severe drought or delayed its adverse effects, probably due to reduced transpiration resulting from herbivory-induced leaf area reduction and compensatory root growth. Seedlings from the deciduous, and less drought-resistant species, benefitted from herbivory at lower levels of water stress, suggesting different response across species. We also found complex interactions between herbivory and drought on their impact on leaf attributes. In contrast to chlorophyll content which was not affected by herbivory, anthocyanins increased with herbivory - although water stress reduced differences in anthocyanins due to herbivory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Herbivory seems to facilitate Mediterranean oak seedlings to withstand summer drought, potentially alleviating a key bottleneck in the oak recruitment process. Our study highlights the need to consider ontogenetic stages and species-specific traits in understanding complex relationships between herbivory and drought stressors for the persistence and restoration of multi-species oak savannas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offspring may succeed well next to their relatives, but it needs particular traits.","authors":"Keliang Zhang, Maud Deniau, Vincent Jung, Benoît Béchade, Valérie Gousbet, Margot Brunellière, Benjamin Yguel, Andreas Prinzing","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>There is ongoing debate about whether offspring perform best next to phylogenetically distantly related adult neighbours (due to the scarcity of enemies and competitors) or next to closely related adults (due to the abundance of mutualists). Here we hypothesise that relatedness of adult neighbours affects which traits confer performance rather than performance itself.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied seed removal, seed germination and sapling growth in Sessile Oaks (Quercus petraea and hybrids), and how they depend on size, shape and other traits, under both closely and distantly related canopies, manipulating offspring-density, presence of insects, and fungi, and spatial proximity to oaks.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We found that phylogenetic distance of adult neighbours affects only little performance of offspring but strongly which traits confer performance to offspring, in particular the size and shape of seeds and saplings. Differences in trait-performance relationships mostly disappear once insects or conspecific competitors are excluded (albeit exclusion of fungi reinforced these differences). Effects of phylogenetic distance of neighbours were not replaceable by the percentage of the gymnosperms among neighbours, nor the environmental conditions considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We suggest that by responding to a biotic micro-mosaic of selection pressures, Sessile Oak flexibly succeeds in diverse neighbourhoods. Sessile Oak might maintain the potential for both, convergence with and divergence from phylogenetically distantly related species, thereby reinforcing or eroding phylogenetic signal of niches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How important is important? A commentary on 'Temporal turnover of Ceratobasidiaceae orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities with ontogenetic and phenological development in Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae)'.","authors":"Hans Jacquemyn","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular genetic regulation of vegetative-generative transition in wheat from environmental perspective.","authors":"Tibor Kiss, Ádám D Horváth, András Cseh, Zita Berki, Krisztina Balla, Ildikó Karsai","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The key to wide geographical distribution of wheat is its high adaptability. One of the most commonly used methods for studying adaptation is the investigation of transition between the vegetative-generative phase and the subsequent intensive stem elongation process. These processes are largely determined by changes in ambient temperature, the diurnal and annual periodicity of day length, and the composition of light spectrum. Many genes are involved in the perception of external environmental signals, forming a complex network of interconnections that are then integrated by a few integrator genes. This hierarchical cascade system ensures the precise occurrence of the developmental stages that enable maximum productivity. This review presents the interrelationship of molecular-genetic pathways (earliness per se, circadian/photoperiod length, vernalization - cold requirement, phytohormonal - gibberellic acid, light perception, ambient temperature perception and aging - miRNA) responsible for environmental adaptation in wheat. Detailed molecular genetic mapping of wheat adaptability will allow breeders to incorporate new alleles that will create varieties best adapted to local environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The eternal struggle of trees: a commentary on 'A dwarf conifer tree from the Triassic of Antarctica: the first fossil evidence of suppressed growth in a favourable climate?'","authors":"Alana R O Chin","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High metabolic rates drive tiny genomes in plants (and birds): a commentary on 'The smallest angiosperm genomes may be the price for effective traps of bladderworts'.","authors":"Thomas J Givnish","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of: Plant Cell Walls - Research Milestones and Conceptual Insights.","authors":"Daniel J Cosgrove","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevational shifts in reproductive ecology indicate the climate response of a model chasmophyte, Rainer's bellflower (Campanula raineri).","authors":"Sara Villa, Giulia Magoga, Matteo Montagna, Simon Pierce","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Elevation gradients provide 'natural experiments' for investigating plant climate change responses, advantageous for the study of protected species and life forms for which transplantation experiments are illegal or unfeasible, such as chasmophytes with perennial rhizomes pervading rock fissures. Elevational climatic differences impact mountain plant reproductive traits (pollen and seed quality, sexual vs. vegetative investment) and pollinator community composition; we investigated the reproductive ecology of a model chasmophyte, Campanula raineri Perp. (Campanulaceae), throughout its current elevational/climatic range to understand where sub-optimal conditions jeopardise survival. We hypothesised that: 1) reproductive fitness measures are positively correlated with elevation, indicative of the relationship between fitness and climate; 2) C. raineri, like other campanulas, is pollinated mainly by Hymenoptera; 3) potential pollinators shift with elevation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured pollen and seed quality, seed production, the relative investment in sexual vs. vegetative structures and vegetative (Grime's CSR) strategies at different elevations. Potential pollinators were assessed by combining molecular and morphological identification.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Whereas CSR strategies were not linked to elevation, pollen and seed quality were positively correlated, as was seed production per fruit (Hypothesis 1 is supported). The main pollinators of C. raineri were Apidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae (Hymenoptera) and Syrphidae (Diptera), probably complemented by a range of occasional pollinators and visitors (Hypothesis 2 partially supported). Potential pollinator communities showed a taxonomic shift towards Diptera with elevation (particularly Anthomyiidae and Muscidae) and away from Hymenoptera (Hypothesis 3 was supported).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pollinator availability is maintained at all elevations by taxon replacement. However, reduced pollen quality and seed production at lower elevations suggest an impact of climate change on reproduction (especially <1200 m a.s.l., where seed germination was limited). Aside from guiding targeted conservation actions for C. raineri, our results highlight problems that may be common to mountain chasmophytes worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untangling poikilohydry and desiccation tolerance: evolutionary and macroecological drivers in ferns.","authors":"Daniela Aros-Mualin, Michael Kessler","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Poikilohydry describes the inability of plants to internally regulate their water content (hydroregulation), whereas desiccation tolerance (DT) refers to plants ability to restore normal metabolic functions upon rehydration. The failure to clearly separate these two adaptations has impeded a comprehensive understanding of their unique evolutionary and ecological drivers. Unlike bryophytes and angiosperms, these adaptations in ferns are sometimes uncorrelated, offering a unique opportunity to navigate their intricate interplay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We classified ferns into two syndromes: the Hymenophyllum-type (H-type), encompassing species with filmy leaves lacking stomata that experience extreme poikilohydry and varying degrees of DT, and the Pleopeltis-type (P-type), consisting of resurrection plants with variable hydroregulation but high DT.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The H-type evolved during globally cool Icehouse periods, as an adaptation to low light levels in damp, shady habitats, and currently prevails in wet environments. Conversely, the P-type evolved predominantly under Greenhouse periods as an adaptation to periodic water shortage, with most extant species thriving in warm, seasonally dry habitats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Out study underscores the fundamental differences between poikilohydry and DT, emphasizing the imperative to meticulously differentiate and qualify the strength of each strategy as well as their interactions, as a basis for understanding the genetic and evolutionary background of these ecologically crucial adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyto-architecture of Byblis glands and leaf cells based on freeze-substitution and conventional TEM.","authors":"Bartosz J Płachno, Sue Lancelle, Piotr Świątek, Peter K Hepler, Marieluise Weidinger, Irene Lichtscheidl","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Byblis liniflora (Byblidaceae) is a carnivorous plant that has developed sticky fly paper traps with two types of glandular trichomes producing digestive enzymes and sticky mucilage. This study aimed to analyze the ultrastructure of these glandular leaf trichomes based on rapid freeze fixation and conventional chemical fixation in the attempt to understand their functional contribution to the carnivorous performance of the plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Byblis cells were studied in TEM, SEM and STEM using cryo techniques for fixation and substitution in addition to conventional chemical fixation.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>We show in detail the architecture of both the digestive glands and the mucilage glands with their relevant sets of organelles. Both mitochondria and plastids have a conspicuous plasticity, with branches and constrictions, and they associate to form clusters. The glandular cells appear to be transfer cells with cell wall ingrowths. Digestive glands occur in different states of development. Their cuticle forms discontinuities which are unique among glands of carnivorous plants. They look like cuticular holes -- the cuticle separates from the cell wall in only one spot and then ruptures. Cuticular discontinuities thus differ from cuticular gaps and cuticular pores so far described in carnivorous plants. We therefore propose for them the term cuticular holes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of cryo-techniques made it possible to show the true structure of the cell wall and the relationship between cell wall ingrowths and organelles, as well as the morphology and structure of organelles and their associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}