Annals of botany最新文献

{"title":"On the origin of euphyllophyte roots - hypotheses from an Early Devonian Psilophyton.","authors":"Jeffrey B Doran, Alexandru M F Tomescu","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Rooting structures have been documented in different Early Devonian plants, including rhyniophytes and zosterophylls. However, the basal euphyllophytes - the plexus from which modern ferns, equisetophytes and seed plants evolved - are the only group with no known rooting structures in Early Devonian representatives. We revisit the early euphyllophyte Psilophyton crenulatum whose emergences have implications for rooting structure evolution within the clade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Well preserved Early Devonian (earliest Emsian) material from the Val d'Amour Formation in New Brunswick (Canada) was freed from the rock matrix using acid. Over 2000 emergences from 28 randomly selected P. crenulatum axes were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of morphology and distribution.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The features of the emergences are more consistent with a rooting function than with any other possible role: irregular morphology, including forms with complex branching; anatomy involving external layers of thin-walled cells; apical meristematic growth that allowed for branching; terminations in filiform rhizoid-sized tips; and vertically polarized distribution, with nearly twice as many emergences on the lower sides of axes compared to the upper sides. The absence of any other potential rooting structures associated with P. crenulatum also supports a rooting function for the emergences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If the emergences of P. crenulatum had a rooting function, they are the oldest euphyllophyte rooting structures. They are also a novel, sui generis type of such structures among Early Devonian plants. They also provide the oldest direct evidence for gravity-induced morphological features in euphyllophytes. If they evolved from emergences like those of P. crenulatum, then euphyllophyte roots probably inherited from them apical growth and branching, and gene networks responsible for production of tip-growing filamentous cells. Progressive increase in size of such emergences could have increased auxin fluxes, leading to specification of vascular connections to subtending axes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing programmed cell death events during flower (petal) senescence.","authors":"Elena T Iakimova, Ernst J Woltering","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flower petals serve to attract pollinators and inherently have a short life span. The senescence of these plant parts is programmed in the flower's developmental plan. Also at the cellular level, petal cell death is highly programmed going through a number of different phases that culminate in cellular suicide (programmed cell death - PCD). The signalling, biochemical, molecular and gene determinants involved in the regulation of PCD and the morphological characteristics of the process in flower petals have to some extent been described. Still important issues of theoretical and practical significance related to PCD functioning and its contribution to petal deterioration remain unsolved.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>This review discusses the occurrence and role of PCD in petal senescence in models of ornamental plants. For comparison, the distinctive and common features of plant and animal PCD types are outlined. The two major plant cell death categories - vacuolar (V) PCD, reminiscent to animal autophagic PCD and apoptosis-like (AL) PCD, sharing features with animal apoptosis - and their ontribution to petal senescence are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that cellular PCD is tightly connected to petal senescence and support the view that senescence is a specific form of developmental PCD (senescence/PCD), dominated by large scale autophagy and eventual breakdown of the vacuole membrane. Depending on the measured PCD markers, petal cell death is often characterized being either V-PCD or AL-PCD. However, alongside the ongoing V-PCD, in early or late stages of senescence, often AL-PCD-associated features are observed. This indicates that, in senescing petal cells, both PCD pathways operate in parallel and are presumably interconnected. The specific conditions may determine their relative contribution to cell death. The cell death cascade may, in general, start earlier in parenchyma than in epidermal cells. In a fully open, visibly non-senescent flower, a large part of the mesophyll cells may already have died or even disappeared, indicating that petal senescence is well on its way and cannot be reversed. Petal abscission may occur in both non-senescent and senescent petals and its regulation seems independent from petal PCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing and distinguishing the earliest woody euphyllophytes based on secondary xylem anatomy: method development and application.","authors":"Emma Casselman, Alexandru M F Tomescu","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The oldest vascular cambial growth (woody growth) has been recognized in several Early Devonian (ca. 410-395 Ma) euphyllophytes. Incomplete preservation of these fossils, in multiple cases, makes it difficult to evaluate their taxonomic diversity, in the absence of quantitative methods for distinguishing plants based on secondary xylem anatomy. In turn, this hinders understanding of their implications for the evolution of plant development. To develop and apply metrics that quantify secondary xylem anatomy and allow for conclusive comparisons, we investigated extant and Early Devonian fossil woody taxa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed multiple metrics for quantifying tracheid size as a function of position in the secondary xylem and tested them against a dataset of extant gymnosperm wood. The four metrics that showed consistent trends within taxa and captured differences among taxa were then applied to previously recognized Early Devonian fossil woody taxa and to previously undescribed Early Devonian woody specimens to compare them and evaluate taxonomic diversity and placement of the new fossils.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The four new secondary xylem metrics, considered alongside other anatomical characters, differentiated the previously recognized Early Devonian taxa from each other, allowed assignment of two of the new fossils to the previously described species Franhueberia gerriennei and separated two new woody euphyllophyte taxa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The metrics developed here for quantifying secondary xylem anatomy are effective in demonstrating conspecificity and in separating distinct woody taxa, especially in combination with data on the primary xylem and xylem rays. They provide a new method for assessing the taxonomic placement of fossils with incomplete preservation, opening up a new avenue for exploring fossil plant diversity and for characterizing anatomy, with implications for the evolution of plant development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murbeckiella is dead, long live Oreophyton - Origin and systematics of Tribe Oreophytoneae (Brassicaceae).","authors":"Nora Walden, Guilhem Mansion, Hektor Schnorf, Marcus A Koch, Alessia Guggisberg","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The small genus Murbeckiella from the Brassicaceae family underwent manifold taxonomic changes reflecting morphological uncertainties, but also unusual biogeographic distribution patterns ranging from Spain and northern Africa to Caucasus. Close relationships with Oreophyton have been proposed, and both genera have been placed in the orphan tribe Oreophytoneae. We explore phylogenetic relationships to unravel and revise present-day taxonomic treatments, propose a biogeographic framework and contribute to our understanding of the local endemic Murbeckiella omissa from France. For detecting putative hybrids and reticulate evolutionary patterns on polyploid level the newly introduced Paralog PhyloGenomics (PPG) approach has been tested.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Short-read whole-genome-sequencing (WGS) was used to map to a 1,000 nuclear gene target data. In addition, coding sequences from the plastome were extracted for phylogenetic reconstruction and divergence time estimates. The PPG approach was applied for phylogenetic reconstructions and evolutionary inference.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The PPG concept resolved phylogenetic relationships among diploids and polyploids successfully. Murbeckiella appeared poly- and paraphyletic and the majority of species have been taxonomically integrated into a newly defined genus Oreophyton. One single species, Murbeckiella sousae, is placed in a clade of distinct tribe Arabideae and is awaiting future taxonomic revision. Biogeographic evidence suggests an origin of the tribe in Anatolia or adjacent Levant with crown group diversification of the different species starting with the early Pleistocene.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The genus Murbeckiella is a suitable system to apply WGS methods to unravel reticulate evolutionary histories of young species complexes. Its small genome allows deep sequencing at high quality, which may facilitate future studies illustrating the genomic footprints and genetic backgrounds of range expansion and transcontinental migration as well as adaptation in rapidly changing alpine environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interlamellar lipophilic layer regulates hygroscopic movements in moss peristomes.","authors":"Mathilde Ruche, Michelle J Price, Fred W Stauffer, Anne Utz-Pugin, Cécile V K Weber, Lara Bois, Sylvain Loubéry","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The moss peristome regulates spore release via the hygroscopic movements of the articulated teeth over the capsule mouth. The presence of hydrophobic material inside the teeth has been sporadically reported, with different names and compositions proposed, and it was thought to cause hygroscopic movements. Here we investigated the origin, characteristics and function of this deposition, now termed the interlamellar lipophilic layer (ILL), with the aim of understanding it and its contribution to peristome hygroscopic movements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ontogeny of the ILL in Dicranum scoparium was elaborated using histology and transmission electron microscopy. Histological, structural and physiological analyses of peristomes were conducted in 14 species of Bryopsida.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The ILL is formed simultaneously with the deposition of secondary thickenings in the developing peristome. In mature peristomes, the ILL resembles the cuticular layer of plant cuticles. The ILL is present in peristomes with single and double rings of teeth and its absence in three species was confirmed. The responses of the teeth under dry and humid conditions combined with the presence or absence of the ILL led us to reconsider its influence on the hygroscopic movements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of a polyester layer in moss peristome teeth is confirmed. We named it the interlamellar lipophilic layer (ILL). The absence of the ILL was revealed in three of the 14 species investigated. We confirm that hygroscopic movements occur when the ILL is present or absent. When the ILL is present the peristome teeth remain erect whereas when it is absent the teeth are reflexed. These findings led us to hypothesise that the ILL influences the amplitude of movements rather than causing them, playing a regulatory role in the gradual dispersal of spores. The species that lacked the ILL were xerophytic which may represent a novel spore dispersal strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A gap and synergy analysis of the European Research Infrastructure (RI) ecosystem: advancing the novel GRACE-RI dedicated to Plant Genetic Resources.","authors":"Domenico De Paola, Francesca Taranto, Soraya Mousavi, Francesco Mercati, Wilma Sabetta, Marina Tumolo, Sharif Islam, Roland Pieruschka, Andrea Scaloni, Anne-Francoise Adam-Blondon, Lorenzo Maggioni, Sandra Goritschnig, Filippo Guzzon, Massimo Ianigro, Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin, Giovanni Giuliano, Gabriele Bucci","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) are crucial for sustainable agriculture and food security, but the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) lacks a dedicated research infrastructure (RI) for their systematic cataloguing, safeguarding and improvement. To fill this gap, we propose a new RI concept specifically for PGR in Europe.</p><p><strong>Scope: </strong>The proposed RI called \"Plant Genetic Resources Community for Europe\" (GRACE) is aimed to support current and future research projects on PGR, enhance collaboration across European countries, unlock the adaptive potential of crop biodiversity preserved in PGR collections, and strengthen the current and future sustainability of the food chain in Europe. As part of the preparatory project \"Promoting a Plant Genetic Resource Community for Europe\" (PRO-GRACE), we analysed the current landscape of European RIs supporting PGR-related research in complementary fields regarding research aims, research products, and features/services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Through a robust quantitative approach, we have identified gaps and potential synergies among six RIs from the Health and Food and Environment domains of the ESFRI roadmap. These findings were discussed in the context of European PGR research priorities and current societal needs, and the implementation of GRACE was proposed as a strategic response to these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting climate change impacts on vereda wetland plant species distribution in the Brazilian Cerrado.","authors":"Laura de Oliveira Passos, Aline Lopes, Natália Rodrigues Bijos, Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The climate crisis is reshaping ecosystems globally, with wetlands, including veredas in the Brazilian Cerrado, among the most vulnerable. Despite their ecological importance, the response of vereda species to climate change remains unclear. This study assessed potential shifts in the distribution of 24 key species under two climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) for the period 2061-2080 to understand the impacts on this ecosystem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We downloaded 19 bioclimatic variables at a 30 arc-second resolution from the WorldClim database. To avoid multicollinearity, variable selection was performed using Variance Inflation Factor. Future projections were based on the MPI-ESM1-2-HR General Circulation Model. Species distribution models (SDMs) were built using the 'biomod2' R package, incorporating nine algorithms. Model evaluation was conducted using True Skill Statistic and Receiver Operating Characteristic metrics to ensure robust predictions.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Models demonstrated high reliability, with mean sensitivity (86.83 ± 10.03) and specificity (87.59 ± 7.45). Among 24 species, 13 showed loss of suitable areas under at least one climate scenario, with northeastern Cerrado projected to experience the greatest losses, and expansions occurring along the southern Cerrado-Atlantic Forest border. Desmoscelis villosa showed the greatest losses (-25.86% in SSP2; -25.98% in SSP5), while Xyris tortula exhibited significant gains. Overlap of climatically suitable areas decreased by 1.46% (SSP2) and 0.45% (SSP5), indicating potential range shifts and fragmentation under future scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights that climate change is likely to reshape the distribution of vereda wetland species, with most experiencing a loss of suitable areas. This is particularly concerning given the ecological importance of veredas as biodiversity hotspots and hydrological regulators within the Cerrado. Integrating climate change projections with land-use and conservation strategies will be critical to mitigating these impacts and safeguarding the unique biodiversity of this ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest regreening: A species- and variety-dependent process triggered by phytohormones and light.","authors":"Tania Mesa, Claudia Mariani, Sergi Munné-Bosch","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The ripening process, characterised by chlorophyll degradation and carotenoids accumulation, culminates in senescence, affecting fruit quality and shelf life. However, certain fruits can undergo regreening, a phenomenon where chlorophyll reaccumulates, opposing the typical senescence process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of phytohormones and light on postharvest regreening in grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.) and assess its occurrence in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cherry tomatoes (red and yellow) and grapefruits were treated with phytohormones (gibberellin, cytokinin, and their combination) under fluorescent light with sunlight background to evaluate regreening potential. In yellow tomatoes, additional light conditions (fluorescent, white and blue LED light) were evaluated. Colour changes were monitored using colorimetry. Regreening in yellow tomatoes was further assessed by quantifying chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Firmness and weight loss were measured as senescence-associated changes in regreened tomatoes.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The combination of gibberellin and cytokinin under fluorescent light with sunlight background significantly induced regreening in grapefruits. Furthermore, regreening was observed for the first time in cherry tomatoes, albeit it was exclusively observed in yellow varieties when exposed to fluorescent light with sunlight background. Regreening became apparent after 20 days of light treatment and was characterized by a 45% increase in total chlorophyll content, reversing approximately 42% of the loss of green colouration. Despite restoring green pigmentation, the regreening process did not modulate other senescence-related parameters, such as firmness or weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight that regreening can occur in certain postharvest fruits, including grapefruits and yellow cherry tomatoes, under specific light and hormonal conditions. The absence of regreening in red cherry tomatoes, suggests that regreening is not only species- but also variety-dependent. Notably, this study represents the first observation of regreening in yellow tomatoes, where it results in a clear restoration of green colour through chlorophyll reaccumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of flower structure and development correlates with inflorescence morphology in maples (Acer, Sapindaceae, Sapindales).","authors":"Alexander E Zavialov, Margarita V Remizowa","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Acer, one of the largest genera of Sapindaceae, is well-known for its diverse inflorescence and flower morphologies. Structural diversity of maples makes this genus a wonderful model to explore morphogenetic interaction between inflorescence and flower construction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the development and structure of inflorescences and flowers using scanning electron microscopy in ten species of Acer from nine (of 17) sections. Observations are interpreted in the framework of molecular phylogenies.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Inflorescences are represented by panicles, thyrsoids, botryoids and sciadioids. The evolutionary transition from thyrsoids or panicles to racemose inflorescences resulted in the loss of floral prophylls, another sequence of floral organ initiation and often the acquisition of a new flower groundplan. The main structural transformations are changes in the floral merism and the number of stamens caused by changes in the shape and size of the floral meristem. The order of sepal initiation, the position of the median sepal and flower orientation are largely related to mechanical pressures within the floral bud associated with variations in the inflorescence construction. The gynoecium position is also variable. In species with thyrsoids or panicles, the carpel position depends on the first sepal position or on the flower position within the inflorescence. In species with racemose inflorescences, the gynoecium is always inserted in the transverse plane.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evolutionary transition from branched to racemose inflorescences was followed by changes in the geometry of floral meristem and ultimately resulted in considerable changes in flower construction and development. The presence of floral prophylls and their developmental dynamics is labile among species of Acer. Inflorescence construction represents not only an important taxonomic marker but also a key feature that probably defines the diversity of floral construction and development in Acer and Sapindaceae as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic evolution of FLC/MAF-like genes accompanying Brassicaceae radiation.","authors":"Bin-Yan Zhao, Shi-Zhao Zhou, Jie Liu, Mi-Cai Zhong, Xue Dong, De-Zhu Li, Jin-Yong Hu","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcaf114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Understanding the molecular basis of rapid species radiation remains challenging in evolutionary biology. In angiosperms, Brassicaceae exemplifies rapid radiation following the At-α whole-genome duplication (At-α WGD) event approximately 35 million years ago (Mya). However, the molecular features associated with the early Brassicaceae radiation have not been fully elucidated, particularly due to lack of high-quality genomes from the super-tribe Hesperodae (clade E).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing recently released genomes from Arabodae (clade D) and Hesperodae (clade E), along with 36 additional Brassicaceae species representing all super-tribes including Aethionemeae, we performed phylogenomic analyses to identify patterns of gene family expansion and contraction at key nodes during early radiation. We further investigated genomic synteny and gene expression, with a particular focus on the dynamic expansion of the FLOWERING LOCUS C/MADS-AFFECTING FLOWERING (FLC/MAF) gene family in response to artificial temperature fluctuations.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Dating back to the Oligocene-Miocene transition and following the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Brassicaceae underwent significant radiation with approximately 540 expanded gene families, in which 66 genes were involved in flowering time regulation. FLC was first duplicated via the At-α WGD into MAF2/3, which present in Brassicaceae. Subsequent tandem duplications gave rise to MAF4/5 in core Brassicaceae. Additional random duplications led to FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM or MAF1) in certain species of the Camelinodae (clade A). These duplicated MAFs exhibit significant diversified expression patterns under turbulent temperature conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analyses reveal a dynamic, Brassicaceae-specific retention and expansion of FLC/MAFs along with other flowering time regulators during species radiation and historical environmental adaptation, highlighting the role of flowering diversity in Brassicaceae radiation. This work thus provides a valuable model for studying species evolution and diversification in other angiosperm families.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}