Lindsay H Allen, Michael Fenech, Marcia A LeVatte, Keith P West, David S Wishart
{"title":"Multiomics: Functional Molecular Biomarkers of Micronutrients for Public Health Application.","authors":"Lindsay H Allen, Michael Fenech, Marcia A LeVatte, Keith P West, David S Wishart","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-022751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-022751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate micronutrient intake and status are global public health goals. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are widespread and known to impair health and survival across the life stages. However, knowledge of molecular effects, metabolic pathways, biological responses to variation in micronutrient nutriture, and abilities to assess populations for micronutrient deficiencies and their pathology remain lacking. Rapidly evolving methodological capabilities in genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics offer unparalleled opportunities for the nutrition research community to link micronutrient exposure to cellular health; discover new, arguably essential micronutrients of microbial origin; and integrate methods of molecular biology, epidemiology, and intervention trials to develop novel approaches to assess and prevent micronutrient deficiencies in populations. In this review article, we offer new terminology to specify nutritional application of multiomic approaches and encourage collaboration across the basic to public health sciences to advance micronutrient deficiency prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"125-153"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-101547
Violeta Moize, Blandine Laferrère, Sue Shapses
{"title":"Nutritional Challenges and Treatment After Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Violeta Moize, Blandine Laferrère, Sue Shapses","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-101547","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-101547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bariatric surgery is an important weight loss tool in individuals with severe obesity. It is currently the most effective long-term weight loss treatment that lowers obesity-related comorbidities. It also has significant physiological and nutritional consequences that can result in gastrointestinal complications and micronutrient deficiencies. After gastric bypass, clinical events that negatively affect nutritional status include malabsorption, dumping syndrome, kidney stones, altered intestinal bile acid availability, bowel obstruction, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and bacterial overgrowth. Risk factors for poor nutritional status and excessive loss of lean body mass and bone include reduced dietary quality and inadequate intake, altered nutrient absorption, and poor patient compliance with nutrient supplementation. There are unique concerns in adolescents, older individuals, and individuals who become pregnant postoperatively. With careful management, health-care professionals can assist with long-term weight loss success and minimize the risk of acute and long-term nutrition complications after bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"289-312"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-014910
Amanda C Palmer, Jacquelyn R Bedsaul-Fryer, Charles B Stephensen
{"title":"Interactions of Nutrition and Infection: The Role of Micronutrient Deficiencies in the Immune Response to Pathogens and Implications for Child Health.","authors":"Amanda C Palmer, Jacquelyn R Bedsaul-Fryer, Charles B Stephensen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-014910","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-014910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately five million children die each year from preventable causes, including respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malaria. Roughly half of those deaths are attributable to undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). The influence of infection on micronutrient status is well established: The inflammatory response to pathogens triggers anorexia, while pathogens and the immune response can both alter nutrient absorption and cause nutrient losses. We review the roles of vitamin A, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and selenium in the immune system, which act in the regulation of molecular- or cellular-level host defenses, directly affecting pathogens or protecting against oxidative stress or inflammation. We further summarize high-quality evidence regarding the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between MNDs, pathogens, and morbidity or mortality relevant to child health in low- and middle-income countries. We conclude with a discussion of gaps in the literature and future directions for multidisciplinary research on the interactions of MNDs, infection, and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"99-124"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie L E Compton, Steven B Heymsfield, Justin C Brown
{"title":"Nutritional Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia.","authors":"Stephanie L E Compton, Steven B Heymsfield, Justin C Brown","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-015646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062122-015646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic wasting syndrome. Nutritional mechanisms that span energy intake, nutrient metabolism, body composition, and energy balance may be impacted by, and may contribute to, the development of cachexia. To date, clinical management of cachexia remains elusive. Leaning on discoveries and novel methodologies from other fields of research may bolster new breakthroughs that improve nutritional management and clinical outcomes. Characteristics that compare and contrast cachexia and obesity may reveal opportunities for cachexia research to adopt methodology from the well-established field of obesity research. This review outlines the known nutritional mechanisms and gaps in the knowledge surrounding cancer cachexia. In parallel, we present how obesity may be a different side of the same coin and how obesity research has tackled similar research questions. We present insights into how cachexia research may utilize nutritional methodology to expand our understanding of cachexia to improve definitions and clinical care in future directions for the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"77-98"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091112
Julian C Lui, Amanda C Palmer, Parul Christian
{"title":"Nutrition, Other Environmental Influences, and Genetics in the Determination of Human Stature.","authors":"Julian C Lui, Amanda C Palmer, Parul Christian","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091112","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linear growth during three distinct stages of life determines attained stature in adulthood: namely, in utero, early postnatal life, and puberty and the adolescent period. Individual host factors, genetics, and the environment, including nutrition, influence attained human stature. Each period of physical growth has its specific biological and environmental considerations. Recent epidemiologic investigations reveal a strong influence of prenatal factors on linear size at birth that in turn influence the postnatal growth trajectory. Although average population height changes have been documented in high-income regions, stature as a complex human trait is not well understood or easily modified. This review summarizes the biology of linear growth and its major drivers, including nutrition from a life-course perspective, the genetics of programmed growth patterns or height, and gene-environment interactions that determine human stature in toto over the life span. Implications for public health interventions and knowledge gaps are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"205-229"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa M Lane, Nikolaj Travica, Elizabeth Gamage, Skye Marshall, Gina L Trakman, Claire Young, Scott B Teasdale, Thusharika Dissanayaka, Samantha L Dawson, Rebecca Orr, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O'Neil, Mark Lawrence, Phillip Baker, Casey M Rebholz, Shutong Du, Wolfgang Marx
{"title":"Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adverse Human Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.","authors":"Melissa M Lane, Nikolaj Travica, Elizabeth Gamage, Skye Marshall, Gina L Trakman, Claire Young, Scott B Teasdale, Thusharika Dissanayaka, Samantha L Dawson, Rebecca Orr, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O'Neil, Mark Lawrence, Phillip Baker, Casey M Rebholz, Shutong Du, Wolfgang Marx","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-020650","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-020650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and human health outcomes. Using predefined evidence classification criteria, we evaluated evidence from 47 meta-analyses encompassing 22,055,269 individuals. Overall, 79% of these analyses indicated direct associations between greater sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher risks of adverse health outcomes. Convincing evidence (class I) supported direct associations between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risks of depression, cardiovascular disease, nephrolithiasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and higher uric acid concentrations. Highly suggestive evidence (class II) supported associations with risks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dental caries. Out of the remaining 40 meta-analyses, 29 were graded as suggestive or weak in the strength of evidence (classes III and IV), and 11 showed no evidence (class V). These findings inform and provide support for population-based and public health strategies aimed at reducing sugary drink consumption for improved health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"383-404"},"PeriodicalIF":12.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Borén, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Chris J. Packard
{"title":"Biosynthesis and Metabolism of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins","authors":"Jan Borén, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Chris J. Packard","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-020716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-020716","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in human genetics, together with a substantial body of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical trial evidence, strongly support a causal relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the secretion and metabolism of TRLs have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. This knowledge underscores the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicron biogenesis. Fortunately, there has been a resurgence of interest in the intracellular assembly, trafficking, degradation, and secretion of VLDL, leading to many ground-breaking molecular insights. Furthermore, the identification of molecular control mechanisms related to triglyceride metabolism has greatly advanced our understanding of the complex metabolism of TRLs. In this review, we explore recent advances in the assembly, secretion, and metabolism of TRLs. We also discuss available treatment strategies for hypertriglyceridemia.","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Boyland, Kathryn Backholer, Monique Potvin Kent, Marie A. Bragg, Fiona Sing, Tilakavati Karupaiah, Bridget Kelly
{"title":"Unhealthy Food and Beverage Marketing to Children in the Digital Age: Global Research and Policy Challenges and Priorities","authors":"Emma Boyland, Kathryn Backholer, Monique Potvin Kent, Marie A. Bragg, Fiona Sing, Tilakavati Karupaiah, Bridget Kelly","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-014102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-014102","url":null,"abstract":"Food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing is implicated in poor diet and obesity in children. The rapid growth and proliferation of digital marketing has resulted in dramatic changes to advertising practices and children's exposure. The constantly evolving and data-driven nature of digital food marketing presents substantial challenges for researchers seeking to quantify the impact on children and for policymakers tasked with designing and implementing restrictive policies. We outline the latest evidence on children's experience of the contemporary digital food marketing ecosystem, conceptual frameworks guiding digital food marketing research, the impact of digital food marketing on dietary outcomes, and the methods used to determine impact, and we consider the key research and policy challenges and priorities for the field. Recent methodological and policy developments represent opportunities to apply novel and innovative solutions to address this complex issue, which could drive meaningful improvements in children's dietary health.","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Black American Nutrition Scholar and Advocate: My Journey","authors":"Shiriki K. Kumanyika","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-030901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062322-030901","url":null,"abstract":"I started my journey as a nutrition scholar in 1974 when I began PhD studies at Cornell University. My journey has been rich with opportunity. I engaged in research on diet-related risks for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, partly motivated by my strong commitment to addressing health disparities affecting Black Americans. Obesity became my major focus and would eventually involve both US and global lenses. This focus was also linked to other dietary intake issues and health disparities and drew on knowledge I had gained in my prior study and practice of social work. I positioned myself as a bridge builder across nutrition, epidemiology, and public health, advocating for certain new ways of thinking and acting in these spheres and in the academy itself. Life skills honed during my formative years living within racially segregated contexts have been critical to any successes I have achieved.","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Mechanisms and Clinical Use.","authors":"Melinda H Spooner, Donald B Jump","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-030223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-030223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic fatty liver disease worldwide, particularly in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals. Currently, there are no therapies for NAFLD that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we examine the rationale for using ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in NAFLD therapy. This focus is based on the finding that NAFLD severity is associated with a reduction of hepatic C<sub>20-22</sub> ω3 PUFAs. Because C<sub>20-22</sub> ω3 PUFAs are pleiotropic regulators of cell function, loss of C<sub>20-22</sub> ω3 PUFAs has the potential to significantly impact hepatic function. We describe NAFLD prevalence and pathophysiology as well as current NAFLD therapies. We also present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated the capacity of C<sub>20-22</sub> ω3 PUFAs to treat NAFLD. Given the clinical and preclinical evidence, dietary C<sub>20-22</sub> ω3 PUFA supplementation has the potential to decrease human NAFLD severity by reducing hepatosteatosis and liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"43 ","pages":"199-223"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10400311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}