Emily Ho, Carmen P Wong, John A Bouranis, Jackilen Shannon, Zhenzhen Zhang
{"title":"Cruciferous Vegetables, Bioactive Metabolites, and Microbiome for Breast Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Emily Ho, Carmen P Wong, John A Bouranis, Jackilen Shannon, Zhenzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-024321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-062222-024321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with varying subtypes, prognoses, and treatment responses. Cruciferous vegetables have shown promise in reducing breast cancer risk. This review discusses (<i>a</i>) the efficacy of sulforaphane (SFN) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C)/3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on breast cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in recent human studies through 2024; (<i>b</i>) preclinical studies (2018-2024) that evaluate the efficacy and synergism of SFN, DIM, and other phytochemicals with conventional breast cancer treatments as promising combination therapy strategies for validation in future clinical trials; and (<i>c</i>) the role of the microbiome in breast cancer and the interaction between interindividual variations in gut microbiome and glucosinolate metabolism that could modify the benefits of cruciferous vegetable consumption and breast cancer treatment efficacy. Integrating cruciferous vegetables and their bioactive compounds in light of an individual's microbiome profile as a complementary approach alongside standard treatments is a promising strategy in breast cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":"171-195"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-122456
Alessandra Colamatteo, Clorinda Fusco, Alessandro Matarese, Giuseppe Matarese
{"title":"Obesity and Autoimmunity Epidemic: The Role of Immunometabolism.","authors":"Alessandra Colamatteo, Clorinda Fusco, Alessandro Matarese, Giuseppe Matarese","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-122456","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-122456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between obesity and autoimmune diseases has attracted significant attention in recent years, highlighting the multifaceted connection between metabolic dysregulation and loss of self-immune tolerance. Compelling epidemiological evidence has revealed an elevated prevalence of autoimmune diseases among overweight or obese individuals, suggesting a potential causal link. Mechanistically, adipose tissue is a key immunometabolic organ that secretes an array of adipocytokines that can facilitate proinflammatory immune responses against self<i>-</i>antigens. Indeed, adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity fosters a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which may contribute to the so-called accelerator hypothesis, in which circulating self-autoreactive T cells can easily lose their regulatory mechanisms, resulting in self-tissue damage and autoinflammation. In this review, we elucidate the intricate immunometabolic pathomechanisms underlying the obesity and autoimmunity epidemic, and we explore innovative therapeutic avenues that could be pivotal for advancing public health initiatives in the context of this epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"115-140"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-101104
Hanin Hosni, Marco A Palma, Michelle S Segovia
{"title":"Behavioral and Economic Interventions: A Path to Improved Dietary Behaviors.","authors":"Hanin Hosni, Marco A Palma, Michelle S Segovia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-101104","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-101104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review provides a summary and critical discussion of the effectiveness of behavioral and economic interventions in promoting healthier eating habits. While financial incentives alter food choices through changes in prices and monetary incentives, behavioral nudges leverage human biases to subtly push individual choice toward welfare-enhancing options without restricting freedom of choice or using monetary instruments. Review articles and empirical studies were selected on the basis of predefined criteria, focusing on the impact of interventions on food purchase, consumption, and adiposity indicators. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of both approaches and reveal potential synergies and gains from financial and behavioral interventions. This narrative review identifies research gaps and provides recommendations for future investigations to enhance the effectiveness and scalability of interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"361-384"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Nutrition in the Spotlight.","authors":"Patrick J Stover","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-052725-110837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-052725-110837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":"v-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111824-014837
Mélina Bailly, David Thivel, Laurie Isacco, Julien Verney
{"title":"Unique Energy Profile Associated with Persistent Thin Phenotype.","authors":"Mélina Bailly, David Thivel, Laurie Isacco, Julien Verney","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111824-014837","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111824-014837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of constitutional thinness first emerged in the scientific literature at the beginning of the 20th century. Yet, this concept of a physiologically determined thinness, which clearly differentiated it from anorexia nervosa and challenged the basic notions of metabolism, intrigued the medical community. How could a young, healthy person with normal food intake present such an underweight state that resists body-weight gain? Due to either skepticism or disinterest, the fact remains that fewer than 50 clinical studies have focused on constitutional thinness in the last 90 years, contrasting with the hundreds of thousands conducted on the other end of the weight status spectrum (obesity). The aim of this review is to discuss current evidence of various aspects of this persistent thin phenotype, from its definition and diagnosis to its metabolic and physiological mechanisms. A deeper understanding of constitutional thinness would facilitate medical/societal recognition and clinical management of this condition. Greater insight into constitutional thinness could also help identify metabolic patterns that may be protective in the current context of the global obesity pandemic and its related critical health implications. Constitutional thinness stands out as a unique model questioning basic dogmatic knowledge about energy balance and metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"65-91"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-092627
Carmen Byker Shanks, Michelle S Park, Amy L Yaroch, Eliza Short, Hilary K Seligman
{"title":"Health Outcomes of Produce Prescription Programs Associated with Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program Funding.","authors":"Carmen Byker Shanks, Michelle S Park, Amy L Yaroch, Eliza Short, Hilary K Seligman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-092627","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111124-092627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The US Department of Agriculture's Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) funds produce prescription (PPR) programs that allow healthcare to support patients in accessing fruits and vegetables. This hybrid systematic narrative review identified 16 studies of PPR programs associated with GusNIP funding in some way that examined health outcomes, including clinical measures and healthcare utilization. Program designs were heterogeneous, sample sizes were generally small, and methodological rigor was often low, with most studies using a prepost design and none using a randomized control group. Fewer than half of the studies examining clinical values showed an association between PPR participation and improved health outcomes (for example, three of eight studies measuring weight or body mass index showed a statistically significant reduction, as well as two of the six studies measuring glycosylated hemoglobin). Only three studies examined healthcare utilization, two of which showed improvements in hospitalization and/or emergency department utilization. Overall, evidence for the health impact of PPRs is nascent but growing. PPRs with capacity should engage in rigorous study designs and examine a variety of downstream health and utilization outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"319-333"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-111252
Jessica Fanzo, Bianca Carducci, Jochebed Louis-Jean, Mario Herrero, Kevin Karl, Cynthia Rosenzweig
{"title":"Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, Food Security, and Nutrition: Evolving Relationships and Critical Challenges.","authors":"Jessica Fanzo, Bianca Carducci, Jochebed Louis-Jean, Mario Herrero, Kevin Karl, Cynthia Rosenzweig","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-111252","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111324-111252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change, also known as global warming, poses significant challenges to the planet and humanity. With further warming, every region across the world is projected to increasingly experience concurrent and multiple changes in climate, compounding overall risk. Long-term climate change and near-term extreme weather events have multiple negative effects on food security, diets, and nutrition via complex, multidirectional pathways through food, health, water, and social protection systems. However, measuring climate-attributable malnutrition impacts, especially among the most vulnerable populations, remains challenging. Changes in climate across a range of geographies have been modeled, projected, and observed showing detrimental associations with dietary and nutrition outcomes, particularly undernutrition. Many undernourished populations are climate vulnerable due to a variety of determinants challenging their ability to adapt to impending risks. While nutrition integration within climate adaptation plans has lagged, there is momentum for robust collaboration between climate and nutrition communities to fill data gaps that are critical for joint decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"335-360"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-121624-114918
Sora Q Kim, Redin A Spann, Cristal M Hill, Claire E Berryman, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, David H McDougal, Yanlin He, Heike Münzberg, Sangho Yu, Christopher D Morrison
{"title":"Protein-Restricted Diets and Their Impact on Metabolic Health and Aging.","authors":"Sora Q Kim, Redin A Spann, Cristal M Hill, Claire E Berryman, Hans-Rudolf Berthoud, David H McDougal, Yanlin He, Heike Münzberg, Sangho Yu, Christopher D Morrison","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-121624-114918","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-121624-114918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent improvements in human longevity have highlighted the challenge of maintaining health throughout extended lifespans. This review examines how organisms regulate nutrient intake and metabolism, focusing on dietary protein's unique role in health and longevity. While caloric restriction enhances longevity, adherence to a low-calorie diet is challenging. Protein restriction represents an alternate nutritional intervention that improves longevity and health in model organisms and may be easier to translate to humans. However, its impacts are complex, and its mechanisms are poorly understood. The beneficial effects of protein restriction on metabolism and longevity may come at a cost to lean mass and physical resilience. Conversely, while public health recommendations often emphasize high protein intake, human epidemiological data and work on model organisms suggest that excessive protein consumption correlates with increased mortality. Understanding this paradox is crucial for developing evidence-based protein intake recommendations that balance longevity with physical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"269-297"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of nutritionPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-111424-112604
Katherine L Tucker, Sabrina E Noel
{"title":"Cultural Considerations in Assessing Dietary Intake in Racially, Ethnically, or Socioeconomically Diverse Populations.","authors":"Katherine L Tucker, Sabrina E Noel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111424-112604","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-111424-112604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States is experiencing rapid growth of racial and ethnic minority aging populations, with implications for health disparities research, as many of these groups experience excess prevalence of chronic diseases. The reasons for health disparities are multifactorial, including social determinants of health, with nutrition playing a critical role. The current inadequacy of dietary assessment methods limits this research. Evidence from food frequency questionnaires with multiethnic studies consistently shows lower validity among minority adults, even with some adaptation, relative to non-Hispanic White adults. This is likely to introduce not only error but also bias in estimates. In addition to adding foods, culturally specific recipes and portion sizes must be considered. Among those with low education, careful data collection with trained interviewers is essential. Important barriers to change include limited access to healthy foods, cultural preferences that influence dietary choices, and limited nutrition knowledge. Rediscovering traditional foodways may be an effective tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"299-317"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah L Booth, Laural K English, Nicole A Reigh, Paul F Jacques, Brent P Forester, M Kyla Shea
{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Brain Aging: Enthusiasm Before Evidence?","authors":"Sarah L Booth, Laural K English, Nicole A Reigh, Paul F Jacques, Brent P Forester, M Kyla Shea","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nutr-013125-030429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-013125-030429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet quality has been proposed as a determinant of brain aging, which has attracted considerable attention given the current global demographic shift toward older age. Comprehensive global systematic reviews that have explored dietary patterns and brain aging highlight a recurrent theme. Any healthy dietary pattern that includes higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, fish and/or seafood, and unsaturated vegetable oils/fats and lower consumption of red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with lower risk of age-related neurodegenerative disease. The biologic mechanism(s) underlying these cognitive protective effects are unknown. Furthermore, it is unlikely that consumption of a healthy dietary pattern alone will achieve clinically relevant success in reducing risk of cognitive decline and/or dementia given that there is no single risk factor that accounts for the variation in brain aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":8009,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":"251-268"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}