Annals of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Clear Aligner Performance by Bone Strain Measurement: A Novel Experimental Approach.","authors":"Warisara Boonrueng, Pornthinee Phuricharoenwong, Pattamaporn Kumma, Piriya Kunarak, Kochakorn Lekvijittada, Nonglak Sombuntham, Chamaiporn Sukjamsri","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03734-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03734-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clear aligner therapy has gained popularity; however, treatment outcomes often remain suboptimal, emphasizing the need to evaluate the biomechanical performance of clear aligners. Previous experimental studies have focused on measuring forces transferred to tooth models, but the absence of a periodontal ligament in these models limits their ability to simulate realistic orthodontic processes. This study introduces a novel method for assessing clear aligner performance using bone strain as a key indicator.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental device was developed, featuring a dental model with a periodontal ligament substitute fabricated from polyvinyl siloxane and a strain measurement system equipped with two strain gauges embedded in the bone component. The device's feasibility was evaluated by simulating the orthodontic treatment of a proclined maxillary central incisor, where bone strains were measured under controlled conditions of imposed forces up to 10 N applied to the crown and orthodontic forces exerted by clear aligners with activation angles of 1 and 2 degrees.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that the fabrication technique for the periodontal ligament substitute was effective, achieving uniform thickness, while the strain gauges embedded in the dental model exhibited satisfactory accuracy when validated against the theory. Furthermore, the device reliably detected variations in bone strain across different force levels and aligner activation angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and device in evaluating aligner performance, offering significant potential for future comparative studies of clear aligner designs and treatment protocols, thereby contributing to advancements in orthodontic research and improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"James-Stein Estimator Improves Accuracy and Sample Efficiency in Human Kinematic and Metabolic Data.","authors":"Aya Alwan, Manoj Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03718-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03718-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human biomechanical data are often accompanied with measurement noise and behavioral variability. Errors due to such noise and variability are usually exaggerated by fewer trials or shorter trial durations and could be reduced using more trials or longer trial durations. Speeding up such data collection by lowering number of trials or trial duration, while improving the accuracy of statistical estimates, would be of particular interest in wearable robotics applications and when the human population studied is vulnerable (e.g., the elderly). Here, we propose the use of the James-Stein estimator (JSE) to improve statistical estimates with a given amount of data or reduce the amount of data needed for a given accuracy. The JSE is a shrinkage estimator that produces a uniform reduction in the summed squared errors when compared with the more familiar maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), simple averages, or other least squares regressions. When data from multiple human participants are available, an individual participant's JSE can improve upon MLE by incorporating information from all participants, improving overall estimation accuracy on average. Here, we apply the JSE to multiple time series of kinematic and metabolic data from the following parameter estimation problems: foot placement control during level walking, energy expenditure during circle walking, and energy expenditure during resting. We show that the resulting estimates improve accuracy-that is, the James-Stein estimates have lower summed squared error from the 'true' value compared with more conventional estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained Release of Antifibrotic Nintedanib from Polymer Microparticles Reduces Dosing Frequency While Reducing Inflammation in Murine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"Emmanuel Einyat Opolot, Filip Goshevski, Rahul Chaudhary, Jessica A Kilgore, Noelle S Williams, Horst A von Recum, Amar B Desai","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03729-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03729-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening, progressive lung disease with limited therapeutic options, often resulting in poor patient outcomes. Current treatments, such as Nintedanib (NTB) and Pirfenidone (PFD), require frequent administration, leading to adverse effects and low patient adherence. The purpose of this study was to investigate a sustained-release drug delivery system utilizing microparticles (MPs) composed of insoluble beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers to enhance the bioavailability and extend the release of NTB and PFD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary approach, including in silico modeling, in vitro assays, and in vivo studies, was employed to assess the efficacy of β-CD-polymer MPs as drug carriers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking simulations and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated a stronger binding affinity of NTB to β-CD-polymer MPs compared to PFD, suggesting an extended delivery profile for NTB over PFD. Pharmacokinetic analysis in healthy mice confirmed sustained-release profiles for both drugs, with NTB maintaining therapeutic plasma concentrations for over 70 h. In a bleomycin-induced IPF mouse model, NTB-loaded β-CD-polymer MPs significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers and required fewer injections than the standard daily NTB regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that β-CD-polymer MPs may serve as a promising platform for reducing dosing frequency of NTB and enhancing therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Assessment and Comparison of a Novel Electromagnetic Tracking System for Stereotactic DBS Surgery","authors":"Céline Vergne,&nbsp;Morgan Madec,&nbsp;Raphael Guzman,&nbsp;Joris Pascal,&nbsp;Ethan Taub,&nbsp;Frédéric Bourgeois,&nbsp;Simone Hemm","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03728-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03728-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-time guidance for the implantation of deep-brain-stimulation (DBS) electrodes in the context of stereotactic neurosurgery is essential but currently unavailable. Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) systems offer high-accuracy localization of tools in restricted volumes but face compatibility issues with stereotactic procedures due to electromagnetic distortions. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the localization performance (position and orientation) of a novel EMT system, the ManaDBS, specifically designed for stereotactic surgical environments, against the NDI Aurora, a commercially available EMT system. Two studies were conducted to assess the suitability of each EMT system for stereotactic DBS surgery. The first study evaluated performance accuracy within the measurement volume in the presence of two different stereotactic systems (Frame G and Vantage system, Elekta). The second study simulated a DBS surgical theater, performing implantation procedures with each EMT system and evaluating the position accuracy of the EMT sensor. The localization errors of Aurora (0.66 mm and 0.89°) were lower to those of ManaDBS (1.57 mm and 1.01°). However, in the presence of a stereotactic system, Aurora exhibited notable degradation (2.34 mm and 1.03°), whereas ManaDBS remained unaffected. This pattern persisted during simulated implantation in a DBS surgical environment, where nonlinear trajectories with significant error fluctuations along the implantation path were observed with Aurora system. The significant electromagnetic-field distortions render the Aurora system incompatible for stereotactic DBS surgery. However, the ManaDBS system exhibited no impact from these distortions, suggesting its potential suitability for DBS surgery and other potential applications in stereotactic neurosurgery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 6","pages":"1512 - 1523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03728-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiogenesis: Biological Mechanisms and In Vitro Models.","authors":"Laura A E Brunmaier, Tugba Ozdemir, Travis W Walker","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03721-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03721-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The translation of biomedical devices and drug research is an expensive and long process with a low probability of receiving FDA approval. Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models with human cells offers a solution to not only improving the odds of FDA approval but also to expand our ability to study complex in vivo systems in a simpler fashion. Animal models remain the standard for pre-clinical testing; however, the data from animal models is an unreliable extrapolation when anticipating a human response in clinical trials, thus contributing to the low rates of translation. In this review, we focus on in vitro vascular or angiogenic models because of the incremental role that the vascular system plays in the translation of biomedical research. The first section of this review discusses the most common angiogenic cytokines that are used in vitro to initiate angiogenesis, followed by angiogenic inhibitors where both initiators and inhibitors work to maintain vascular homeostasis. Next, we evaluate previously published in vitro models, where we evaluate capturing the physical environment for biomimetic in vitro modeling. These topics provide a foundation of parameters that must be considered to improve and achieve vascular biomimicry. Finally, we summarize these topics to suggest a path forward with the goal of engineering human in vitro models that emulate the in vivo environment and provide a platform for biomedical device and drug screening that produces data to support clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average Biomechanical Responses of the Human Brain Grouped by Age and Sex","authors":"Ahmed Alshareef,&nbsp;Aaron Carass,&nbsp;Yuan-Chiao Lu,&nbsp;Joy Mojumder,&nbsp;Alexa M. Diano,&nbsp;Olivia M. Bailey,&nbsp;Ruth J. Okamoto,&nbsp;Dzung L. Pham,&nbsp;Jerry L. Prince,&nbsp;Philip V. Bayly,&nbsp;Curtis L. Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03725-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03725-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur from rapid head motion that results in brain deformation. Computational models are typically used to estimate brain deformation to predict risk of injury and evaluate the effectiveness of safety countermeasures. The accuracy of these models relies on validation to experimental brain deformation data. In this study, we create the first group-average biomechanical responses of the brain, including structure, material properties, and deformation response, by age and sex from 157 subjects. Subjects were sorted intro three age groups—young, mid-age, and older—and by sex to create group-average neuroanatomy, material properties, and brain deformation response to non-injurious loading using structural and specialized magnetic resonance imaging data. Computational models were also built using the group-average geometry and material properties for each of the six groups. The material properties did not depend on sex, but showed a decrease in shear stiffness in the older adult group. The brain deformation response also showed differences in the distribution of strain and a decrease in the magnitude of maximum strain in the older adult group. The computational models were simulated using the same non-injurious loading conditions as the subject data. While the models’ strain response showed differences among the models, there were no clear relationships with age. Further studies, both modeling and experimental, with more data from subjects in each age group, are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the observed changes in strain response with age, and for computational models to better match the trends observed across the group-average responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 6","pages":"1496 - 1511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03725-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofidelity Investigation and Chest Structure Enhancement of Q3 Dummy Restrained in Impact Shield Child Restraint System","authors":"Xuerong Zhang,&nbsp;Wanqing Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Gao,&nbsp;Zuhong Tu,&nbsp;Xin Ye,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Wenqiong Tu","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03727-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03727-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices directly affects the evaluation of safety performance of child restraint systems. The purpose is to enhance the biofidelity of Q3 child dummy by chest structure reconstruction for the accurate prediction of the child injuries during a frontal crash.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The finite element model of Q3 child dummy restrained in impact shield child restraint systems was validated through a frontal sled test. Based on the validated sled test simulation models, the comparative biofidelity analyses between Q3 model and PIPER 3-year-old human model were conducted by the quantitative kinematic and biomechanical analyses. The internal chest structure difference between Q3 and PIPER 3-year-old human model is discussed, and the absence of the heart, lungs, and great vessels in the Q3 dummy leads to the low biofidelity; therefore, the chest structure and cardiopulmonary model of Q3 dummy were reconstructed to enhance the biofidelity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In comparison to the original Q3 model, the chest deflection, head forward displacement, and neck bending angle of the reconstructed Q3 model increased by 38.5, 2.2, and 17%, respectively, and the upward displacement of the hip decreased by 49%. The head swing degree of the reconstructed Q3 model is dramatically reduced during the rebound process, and the injury assessment criteria of the head, chest, and pelvis can reach more than 95% of the level of the PIPER 3-year-old human model.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows that the chest reconstruction can significantly improve the biofidelity of the Q3 dummy, and future study is recommended to optimize the spinal structures of the Q3 model for further enhancement of biofidelity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 6","pages":"1486 - 1495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Effects of Design Features on Youth Bicycle Helmet Performance During Oblique Impacts.","authors":"Caitlyn Jung, Nicole E-P Stark, Susanna M Gagliardi, Mark T Begonia, Steve Rowson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03730-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03730-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cycling is a leading cause of youth sports-related head injury in the U.S. Although youth bicycle helmets sold in the U.S. comply with safety standards limiting head linear acceleration, there needs to be more information on relative differences in protection between helmets that pass. Additionally, studies have yet to look at quantifying youth bicycle helmet performance with respect to their design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one youth bicycle helmet models were subjected to oblique impacts at three locations and two impact speeds where peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational acceleration (PRA) were quantified. Design features were characterized, including expanded polystyrene (EPS) thickness and presence of shell protrusions. A linear mixed model was used to quantify the effects of design features on PLA and PRA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The youth bicycle helmet models evaluated produced wide ranges in kinematics across all configurations. PLA averaged 95.9 ± 26.1 g at 3.1 m/s and 170.1 ± 43.5 g at 5.2 m/s, while PRA averaged 3150 ± 1275 rad/s² at 3.1 m/s and 4990 ± 1977 rad/s² at 5.2 m/s. Impact location, impact speed, and EPS thickness had strong effects on PLA and PRA, whereas shell protrusions only had strong effects on PLA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Youth bicycle helmets with thicker EPS, thinner shells, and shell protrusions at impact locations improved the linear and rotational kinematic measures. Limitations include the small sample size and the impacts analyzed not representing all possible real-world scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Manufacturing Techniques in Bioceramic Scaffold Fabrication with a Focus on DIW 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering Applications.","authors":"D L Belgin Paul, Praveen Ayyappan Susila, M Karthick","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03722-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03722-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, notable advancements have been achieved in the domain of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, presenting auspicious remedies for the management of diverse injuries and ailments. The management of bone injuries necessitates the implementation of a customized approach depending upon the specific nature of the injury. Tissue engineering plays a major role in the treatment of such bone injuries. One key aspect of tissue engineering is the development of scaffolds that can provide structural support and guide the growth of new tissue. The scaffold should possess mechanical properties that enable it to withstand weight-bearing stresses, resembling the strength and durability of real bone. This review explores the latest research findings from pioneering research papers in tissue engineering, focusing on scaffolds, bioceramics, and the various technique for the development of scaffolds with a focus on 3D printing. By examining and synthesizing key studies in these areas, this review aims to provide insights into the current state of knowledge, identify research gaps, and contribute to the advancement of tissue engineering approaches for regenerative medicine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Regional Mapping of Articular Cartilage Integrity and Biphasic Properties in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Trapeziometacarpal Joints","authors":"Lizzie Walker,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Nathan Buchweitz,&nbsp;Daniel Gordon,&nbsp;Shangping Wang,&nbsp;Dane Daley,&nbsp;Hai Yao,&nbsp;Yongren Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03726-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03726-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To identify the mechanical and morphological regional changes of articular cartilage on the first metacarpal and trapezium and their association with attenuation of the volar ligament complex (VLC) during trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA) progression.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-four fresh-frozen female cadaveric TMCs were separated into (1) younger healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic, (2) elder healthy/early-stage osteoarthritic, and (3) advanced-stage osteoarthritic groups based on age and Eaton-Littler grading. Metacarpal and trapezium surfaces were split into six regions. Microindentation testing was performed to characterize the biphasic properties of each region. Light imaging, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed to assess cartilage integrity and identify wear patterns.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The volar ulnar region of the metacarpal, along with the volar central and volar ulnar regions of the trapezium, had a higher equilibrium modulus in the advanced-stage OA specimens. SEM/EDS revealed these regions to be fully eburnated in most cases. MRI revealed eburnation, as well as the degeneration and/or detachment of the beak ligament portion of the VLC. In the advanced-stage OA TMCs, an increased equilibrium modulus in the volar portion of the trapezium correlates to attenuated VLC stiffness from our previous study.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A regional pattern in articular cartilage degeneration, including changes in biphasic properties evidenced by an increased equilibrium modulus, during TMC OA progression is evident with the most significant changes occurring in the volar ulnar region of the metacarpal and volar central and volar ulnar regions of the trapezium. These changes in articular cartilage can be correlated to an attenuated VLC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 6","pages":"1471 - 1485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03726-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}