Annals of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Ex Vivo Assessment of Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Treatment Performance After Pathology Recurrence in Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation","authors":"Eleonora Salurso,&nbsp;Gianfranco Beniamino Fiore,&nbsp;Riccardo Vismara","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03781-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03781-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is closely associated with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension (PH), both of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing tricuspid valve repair or replacement. The biomechanical interplay between these factors remains complex, with conflicting evidence on the effects of edge-to-edge repair (TEER) on RV morphology and function. This study aimed to assess the acute impact of increased pulmonary pressure and RV dilation on TEER performance using an ex vivo pulsatile flow mock loop. A custom-designed clip, replicating state-of-the-art TEER devices, was tested on porcine heart samples under simulated FTR conditions with varying degrees of RV dilation and PH.</p><p>Results demonstrated that the clip significantly improved valve coaptation, increasing transvalvular systolic pressure and reducing regurgitant flow. However, elevated PH and severe RV dilation compromised its effectiveness, leading to increased regurgitation and a higher risk of pathology recurrence. Statistical analysis identified PH as the primary driver of hemodynamic deterioration, whereas RV dilation predominantly influenced annular morphology. These findings suggest that while TEER provides initial hemodynamic benefits, its efficacy may be limited in advanced FTR cases with progressive RV dysfunction and PH. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes. Nonetheless, this ex vivo approach allowed for the isolation of key biomechanical mechanisms, offering valuable insights into the structural and functional relationships underlying disease progression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2178 - 2191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical assessment of arterial punch method and arterial reconstruction in femoral endarterectomy","authors":"Dongxu Liu,&nbsp;David Jiang,&nbsp;Efi Efrati,&nbsp;Nhung Nguyen,&nbsp;Luka Pocivavsek","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03776-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03776-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Endarterectomy, typically in patients with peripheral artery disease, involves arteriotomy closure with a ‘patch.’ One of its most common long-term complications is restenosis due to arterial wall hyperplasia induced by excessive mechanical stimulation. Methods to reduce surgically induced stress to promote positive long-term outcomes remain an open question.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this work, an arterial ‘punch’ approach is proposed to alleviate the stress concentration in arterial walls around the incision/patch anastomotic interface. Intraoperatively, coronary vascular punches are used to create proximal and distal circular arteriotomies for patients undergoing femoral endarterectomy. The surgical procedure is numerically simulated by first opening the vessel wall and subsequently adjusting the boundary condition of the incision to consider the patch’s effect. An optimization study is performed by investigating the impact of incision/patch combinations on arterial wall stresses. The optimal punch tip size is identified by obtaining the minimum in-plane principal stress in the arterial wall. A beveled punched hole is also considered to optimize the stress field.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Simulation results show that the stress magnitude in the arterial wall with a punched hole is significantly lower than that in an artery with a sharp vertex. The stress exponentially declines with increasing punch diameter. A beveled hole can further reduce the stress values and the number of high-stress regions.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The arterial punch method can effectively alleviate stress concentration in arterial tissues. Importantly, stress concentration is shown to be sensitive to punched hole size and shape, suggesting potential practical implications for surgical techniques and patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2192 - 2205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03776-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Corrections Cadets","authors":"Carly R. Smith,&nbsp;Enora Le Flao,&nbsp;Samantha N. DeAngleo,&nbsp;Jeffrey J. Wing,&nbsp;Nathan A. Edwards,&nbsp;James A. Onate,&nbsp;Joshua A. Hagen,&nbsp;Scott Paur,&nbsp;Joshua Walters,&nbsp;Jaclyn B. Caccese","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03778-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03778-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Law enforcement cadets (LECs) undergo subject control technique training that may expose them to repetitive head impacts recorded as head acceleration events (HAEs) using instrumented mouthguards. Prior research suggests that sex and/or gender differences in HAE frequency and magnitude vary by sport. This study aimed to examine sex differences in HAE exposure among LECs during training.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We collected HAEs from 82 civilian LECs (16 females, mean age = 30 ± 9 years) using instrumented mouthguards. We compared peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational velocity (PRV) of HAEs &gt; 5 g between sexes using a mixed-effects linear model, with sex and cohort as fixed-effect predictors and a random intercept for subject to account for repeated HAEs within individuals. Additionally, we assessed sex differences in the number of HAEs per athlete exposure using a negative binomial regression controlling for cohort.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PLA was lower in female than male cadets (e.g., median PLA: females = 10.9 g, males = 12.3 g, p &lt; 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant sex differences in the number of HAEs per athlete exposure (e.g., median: females = 10, males = 14, p = 0.169) or PRV (e.g., median PRV: females = 7.4 rad/s, males = 7.9 rad/s, p = 0.110).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, sex differences in HAE frequency and magnitude during subject control technique trainings were minimal. When differences were observed, female cadets exhibited less frequent and less severe HAEs than male cadets. This finding suggests that current training practices, including sex- and/or skill-matched pairing, may effectively reduce HAE exposure risk to females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2251 - 2263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03778-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Computationally Efficient Viscoelastic Eukaryotic Cell Model","authors":"Pietro Miotti,&nbsp;Matteo Scarpone,&nbsp;Chwee Teck Lim,&nbsp;Igor V. Pivkin","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03772-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03772-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Modeling eukaryotic cell flow in microfluidic devices and capillary networks can be instrumental in assessing how cell mechanics influence its behavior. Due to the viscoelastic characteristics of cells and their capacity for substantial deformation, models that are both detailed and computationally efficient are necessary to explore cell rheology. We present a coarse-grained model for simulating the mechanics of eukaryotic cells in flow, with a focus on the modeling of cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoskeleton.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The cell and nucleus membranes are represented using surface triangulation, capturing both viscous and elastic properties of the membranes. To maintain computational efficiency while retaining the ability to reproduce the viscoelastic behavior of the entire cell, the complexity of the cytoskeleton model is reduced through the use of the viscoelastic bonds. Dissipative Particle Dynamics is employed to facilitate flow simulations; however, the model is suitable for use in many existing continuum and particle-based methods.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The cell model is calibrated and validated using experimental data from micropipette aspiration and microfluidic experiments involving breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We believe the balance between simplicity and accuracy makes the proposed model a valuable tool for simulating eukaryotic cell mechanics in flow, enabling faster simulations, while also simplifying the parameterization procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2047 - 2058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03772-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Scapula Bone Shapes from Digitized Skin Landmarks Using Statistical Shape Modeling and Multiple Linear Regression","authors":"Augusto Marques,&nbsp;João Folgado,&nbsp;Carlos Quental","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03768-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03768-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the reconstruction of scapula bone shapes from skin landmarks, using a statistical shape model (SSM).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A sample of 56 scapula segmentations was used, as well as 4 scapular bone and skin landmarks. Regression models were built to predict the coordinates of bone landmarks from skin landmarks using subject-specific variables, namely skin landmark coordinates, sex, age, weight, and height. The scapula shapes were reconstructed by fitting the bone landmarks of the SSM’s mean shape to the predicted bone landmarks of the subject.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The developed regression models registered a <i>R</i>² ranging from 0.70 to 0.98, with a maximum median error of 4 mm. The average surface-to-surface errors were equal to 2.41 and 2.45 mm using digitized and predicted bone landmarks, respectively. No significant statistical differences were observed between scapula shapes reconstructed from digitized and predicted bone landmarks.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrated the reliability of the developed algorithm in deriving subject-specific scapula shapes from experimentally acquired data, highlighting that scapula shape reconstructions based on a limited set of landmarks can effectively generate subject-specific computational models without the need for additional medical imaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2239 - 2250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03768-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Adaptations to Lifting and Gait Kinematics When Using a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton","authors":"Duleepa Subasinghe,&nbsp;Jessica Aviles,&nbsp;Amir Mehdi Shayan,&nbsp;Divya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03770-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03770-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prior work quantifying the biomechanical effects of back-support exoskeleton use has mostly focused on the effects of brief periods of exposures to exoskeletons. Hence, there is currently limited understanding of how movement kinematics may be altered by more prolonged exposures. We assessed the effects of a 75-min exposure to a passive back-support exoskeleton on adaptations to lifting strategies, gait kinematics, and postural stability. Twelve participants performed tasks in an ABA protocol—measurements were obtained before (Pre-EXO phase), during (EXO-adaptation phase), and after exoskeleton-use (Post-EXO phase). A piecewise linear regression model was used to estimate changes to the dependent variables within and between each phase. Trunk range of motion (ROM), peak trunk flexion angle, and flexion velocity showed significant decrease (6–8%) on introduction of the exoskeleton, and significant reversals on doffing the exoskeleton. However, there were no significant adaptation effects (changes during EXO-adaptation phase) to trunk kinematics. For gait, a more cautious gait pattern was observed during exoskeleton-use: step length decreased, step width increased, minimum toe clearance increased, and hip ROM decreased, compared to the baseline Pre-EXO phase. These measures also reversed on doffing the exoskeleton and demonstrated further carry-over effects during the Post-EXO phase. However, no significant adaptations were evident in gait kinematics. Exoskeleton introduction, use, and doffing did not alter the cycle-to-cycle variability of trunk kinematics, or postural stability during static stance and maximum leans. These findings can help guide the practical development of training and use protocols for safe exoskeleton use in occupational settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2264 - 2281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03770-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation-Independent T2 Mapping Enhances MRI-Based Cartilage Characterization","authors":"Henri P. P. Leskinen,&nbsp;Juuso Tuppurainen,&nbsp;Jiri Jäntti,&nbsp;Janne T. A. Mäkelä,&nbsp;Ervin Nippolainen,&nbsp;Isaac O. Afara,&nbsp;Juha Töyräs,&nbsp;Olli Nykänen,&nbsp;Mikko J. Nissi","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03774-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03774-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Quantitative <i>T2</i> mapping is an important MRI method for assessing degenerative changes in articular cartilage. Recently, in a measurement setup with automated sample re-orientation, it was demonstrated that T2 can be split into its orientation-independent components. This quantitative MRI study aims to assess the diagnostic significance of the automated approach with <i>ex vivo</i> human cartilage. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p><i>T2</i> maps of 30 human osteochondral samples harvested from 5 cadaveric individuals were acquired at 9.4T in 13 orientations, allowing calculation of the <i>T2</i> components. Additionally, <i>T1</i>, adiabatic <i>T1ρ</i>, and continuous wave <i>T1ρ</i> with two spin-lock frequencies were scanned in a single orientation. For reference, the collagen network anisotropy, proteoglycan content and biomechanical indentation properties were measured. The relationships between quantitative MRI and reference parameters were studied using Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation. All parameters were compared between healthy and degenerated groups based on OARSI grading. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>The anisotropic relaxation rate component of <i>T2</i> (<i>R2a</i>), and all <i>T1</i> and <i>T1ρ</i> parameters differed (p &lt; 0.05) between the groups in superficial cartilage. <i>R2a</i> correlated moderately with PLM anisotropy (r = 0.44) and optical density (r = − 0.37) in the deep zone. Isotropic <i>T2</i> component (<i>R2i</i>) correlated with instantaneous modulus (r = 0.48), and <i>R2a</i> with phase shift between stress and strain during indentation testing (r = − 0.44). <i>T1</i> and <i>T1ρ</i> parameters correlated with both, instantaneous and dynamic modulus in several zones of cartilage.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The elevation of <i>T2</i> in degenerated cartilage is primarily driven by the <i>R2a</i> component, whereas the <i>R2i</i> component showed no significant difference between healthy and degenerated human articular cartilage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2120 - 2130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03774-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall Tensile Stress Maps of Human Aneurysmal Aorta Demonstrate a High Biaxiality Ratio Corresponds with Wall Tissue Microstructure and Local Oxidative Stress Response Distinctly for Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valve Patients","authors":"Lauren V. Huckaby,&nbsp;Ronald N. Fortunato,&nbsp;Leonid V. Emerel,&nbsp;Julie A. Phillippi,&nbsp;Marie Billaud,&nbsp;David A. Vorp,&nbsp;Spandan Maiti,&nbsp;Thomas G. Gleason","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03771-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03771-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>We sought to estimate imaging-derived aortic biomechanical properties and correlate regional tensile stress, extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, and cellular biology to improve upon diameter-based aortic surgery guidelines.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was utilized to model regional aortic wall biomechanical properties. Using an established constitutive model, we derived wall tensile stress and strain maps from CTAs of patients who underwent ascending aortic replacement for aneurysmal disease. We quantitatively and qualitatively assessed ECM microarchitecture, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior in regions of low and high biaxiality ratio (B), defined as the ratio of longitudinal to circumferential tensile stress. Patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) were considered separately.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Gated CTAs demonstrated heterogeneous aortic wall strain. Regions of high B qualitatively exhibited disarrayed elastin fibers and localized ECM degeneration. MMP activity was significantly increased in regions of high vs low B in TAV patients only. SMCs isolated from regions of high B exhibited significantly decreased viability in response to oxidative stress in BAV but not TAV patients. There were no differences in SMC contractility or expression of SMC phenotypic markers in regions of low and high B.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Non-invasive mapping of relative wall tensile stress qualitatively colocalized with ECM microarchitectural disruption and decreased SMC viability distinctly for BAV and TAV patients. This observation contributes to our improved understanding of the relationship between aortic wall structure and biomechanics in ascending aortic disease for patients with different valve types. Biaxial tensile stress mapping, combined with dynamic imaging (i.e., echo, ECG-gated CTA), may contribute to tailored risk stratification for thoracic aortic aneurysm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2223 - 2238"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Matrix Viscoelasticity: A Dynamic Regulator of Cellular Behavior","authors":"Hossein Eslami,&nbsp;Ahmad Darvishi","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03767-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03767-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of polysaccharides and proteins that provides biochemical signals and structural rigidity to cells. In addition to structural support, the ECM provides dynamic mechanical properties such as viscoelasticity. Scientifically, viscoelasticity is the time-dependent response of materials under stress. Due to the viscoelastic behavior of the ECM, viscoelasticity plays a critical role in regulating and stimulating cellular behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, as well as tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. Scientific knowledge about viscoelasticity usually originates from materials science where physical parameters are well defined. Hence, understanding materials’ physical/mechanical behaviors (especially biomaterials in biological contexts) and mathematical modeling related to viscoelasticity are important to achieve useful results. On the other hand, recent advances in the development of biophysical instruments for measuring viscoelasticity have revealed a strong link between material properties and physiological systems and have emerged as important diagnostic tools for investigating the viscoelastic behavior of cells and tissues. Therefore, this review, focusing on matrix viscoelasticity, explains the viscoelastic nature of cells/tissues, examines the impact of matrix viscoelasticity on cellular processes, reviews the role of engineered biomaterials in improving cellular behaviors, and finally discusses modern experimental techniques for measuring viscoelasticity at the cellular level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2029 - 2046"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Characterization of Peripheral Arterio-Venous Malformations Using Rapid Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study","authors":"Camilla Giulia Calastra,&nbsp;Marika Bono,&nbsp;Aloma Blanch Granada,&nbsp;Aleksandra Tuleja,&nbsp;Sarah Maike Bernhard,&nbsp;Vanessa Diaz-Zuccarini,&nbsp;Stavroula Balabani,&nbsp;Dominik Obrist,&nbsp;Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk,&nbsp;Bernd Jung","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03766-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03766-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Peripheral arterio-venous malformations (pAVMs) are vascular defects often requiring extensive medical treatment. To improve disease management, hemodynamic markers based on 2D Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) data were previously defined to classify pAVMs. However, DSA offers only 2D information, involves ionizing radiation, and requires intra-arterial intervention. We hypothesized that pAVMs could be classified with the same approach with 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-based data. To this end, the present work aims to develop a computational classification system for pAVMs using 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-based data.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A pAVM phantom was imaged using both DSA and MRI to validate the methodology, which was then applied to 10 MR-based in vivo datasets. A semi-automated vessel detection algorithm, based on the standard deviation of each voxel or pixel in time, was used. Classification was performed by identifying the time of arrival (CA_ToA) of contrast agent (CA) and the maximum time derivative of the CA transport in each pixel or voxel (CA_si).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Normalized CA_ToA and CA_si histograms showed no significant difference between in vitro DSA and MRI (respectively <i>χ</i>² = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.65 and <i>χ</i>² = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.65), validating the methodology to classify pAVMs. CA_ToA histograms for type II–IV AVMs derived from in vivo MR-based data aligned with DSA patterns and known hemodynamics. CA_ToA histograms of capillary–venulous AVMs were distinct, with non-zero values at later times than other AVM types, representing late venous drainage. Type IV AVMs histograms for CA_si were more right-skewed than those derived from types II and III pAVMs.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MR image quality and temporal resolution are sufficient to allow a classification of pAVMs. This classification method has the potential to become a diagnostic tool for the surgical navigation of pAVMs for clinicians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 9","pages":"2147 - 2163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03766-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}