{"title":"The Future Role of Radiologists in the Artificial Intelligence-Driven Hospital","authors":"Sam Sedaghat","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03556-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03556-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing population and healthcare costs make changes in the healthcare system necessary. This article deals with ChatGPT’s perspective on the future role of radiologists in the AI-driven hospital. This perspective will be augmented by further considerations by the author. AI-based imaging technologies and chatbots like ChatGPT can help improve radiologists’ performance and workflow in the future AI-driven hospital. Although basic radiological examinations could be delivered without needing a radiologist, sophisticated imaging procedures will still need the expert opinion of a radiologist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Paz, Jere Lavikainen, Mikael J. Turunen, José J. García, Rami K. Korhonen, Mika E. Mononen
{"title":"Knee-Loading Predictions with Neural Networks Improve Finite Element Modeling Classifications of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","authors":"Alexander Paz, Jere Lavikainen, Mikael J. Turunen, José J. García, Rami K. Korhonen, Mika E. Mononen","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03549-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03549-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physics-based modeling methods have the potential to investigate the mechanical factors associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and predict the future radiographic condition of the joint. However, it remains unclear what level of detail is optimal in these methods to achieve accurate prediction results in cohort studies. In this work, we extended a template-based finite element (FE) method to include the lateral and medial compartments of the tibiofemoral joint and simulated the mechanical responses of 97 knees under three conditions of gait loading. Furthermore, the effects of variations in cartilage thickness and failure equation on predicted cartilage degeneration were investigated. Our results showed that using neural network-based estimations of peak knee loading provided classification performances of 0.70 (AUC, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in distinguishing between knees that developed severe OA or mild OA and knees that did not develop OA eight years after a healthy radiographic baseline. However, FE models incorporating subject-specific femoral and tibial cartilage thickness did not improve this classification performance, suggesting there exists an optimal point between personalized loading and geometry for discrimination purposes. In summary, we proposed a modeling framework that streamlines the rapid generation of individualized knee models achieving promising classification performance while avoiding motion capture and cartilage image segmentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Burton, Casey Myers, Margareta Stefanovic, Kevin Shelburne, Paul Rullkoetter
{"title":"Correction: Scan-Free and Fully Automatic Tracking of Native Knee Anatomy from Dynamic Stereo-Radiography with Statistical Shape and Intensity Models","authors":"William Burton, Casey Myers, Margareta Stefanovic, Kevin Shelburne, Paul Rullkoetter","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03551-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03551-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Poveda, Karan Devane, Mitesh Lalwala, F. Scott Gayzik, Joel D. Stitzel, Ashley A. Weaver
{"title":"Injury Risk Predictions in Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) Extravehicular Activities (EVAs): A Pilot Study","authors":"Luis Poveda, Karan Devane, Mitesh Lalwala, F. Scott Gayzik, Joel D. Stitzel, Ashley A. Weaver","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03543-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03543-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extravehicular activities will play a crucial role in lunar exploration on upcoming Artemis missions and may involve astronauts operating a lunar terrain vehicle (LTV) in a standing posture. This study assessed kinematic response and injury risks using an active muscle human body model (HBM) restrained in an upright posture on the LTV by simulating dynamic acceleration pulses related to lunar surface irregularities. Linear accelerations and rotational displacements of 5 lunar obstacles (3 craters; 2 rocks) over 5 slope inclinations were applied across 25 simulations. All body injury metrics were below NASA’s injury tolerance limits, but compressive forces were highest in the lumbar (250–550N lumbar, tolerance: 5300N) and lower extremity (190–700N tibia, tolerance: 1350N) regions. There was a strong association between the magnitudes of body injury metrics and LTV resultant linear acceleration (<i>ρ</i> = 0.70–0.81). There was substantial upper body motion, with maximum forward excursion reaching 375 mm for the head and 260 mm for the chest. Our findings suggest driving a lunar rover in an upright posture for these scenarios is a low severity impact presenting low body injury risks. Injury metrics increased along the load path, from the lower body (highest metrics) to the upper body (lowest metrics). While upper body injury metrics were low, increased body motion could potentially pose a risk of injury from flail and occupant interaction with the surrounding vehicle, suit, and restraint hardware.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Large Language Models in Bioinformatics Education for Medical Students: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Kai Kang, Yuqi Yang, Yijun Wu, Ren Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03554-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03554-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large language models (LLMs) offer transformative opportunities in bioinformatics education for medical students by creating interactive experiences. The integration of LLMs enhances educational outcomes through providing accessible code templates, clarifying the function of coding elements, and assisting in error troubleshooting. Here, we demonstrate the practical applications of LLMs with a case study on transcriptome sequencing data processing, a vital component of medical research. However, the reliability of the content that LLMs generate requires rigorous validation. Ensuring the accuracy and appropriateness of the LLM-generated information requires integrating innovative LLMs with traditional educational methods to prepare medical students effectively for future challenges in bioinformatics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Significance of Dynamic Axial Stretching on Estimating Biomechanical Behavior and Properties of the Human Ascending Aorta","authors":"Shaiv Parikh, Alessandro Giudici, Wouter Huberts, Tammo Delhaas, Elham Bidar, Bart Spronck, Koen Reesink","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03537-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03537-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contrary to most vessels, the ascending thoracic aorta (ATA) not only distends but also elongates in the axial direction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biomechanical behavior of the ascending thoracic aorta (ATA) in response to dynamic axial stretching during the cardiac cycle. In addition, the implications of neglecting this dynamic axial stretching when estimating the constitutive model parameters of the ATA are investigated. The investigations were performed through in silico simulations by assuming a Gasser–Ogden–Holzapfel (GOH) constitutive model representative of ATA tissue material. The GOH model parameters were obtained from biaxial tests performed on four human ATA tissues in a previous study. Pressure–diameter curves were simulated as synthetic data to assess the effect of neglecting dynamic axial stretching on estimating constitutive model parameters. Our findings reveal a significant increase in axial stress (~ 16%) and stored strain energy (~ 18%) in the vessel when dynamic axial stretching is considered, as opposed to assuming a fixed axial stretch. All but one artery showed increased volume compliance while considering a dynamic axial stretching condition. Furthermore, we observe a notable difference in the estimated constitutive model parameters when dynamic axial stretching of the ATA is neglected, compared to the ground truth model parameters. These results underscore the critical importance of accounting for axial deformations when conducting in vivo biomechanical characterization of the ascending thoracic aorta.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Wang, Jian Wan, Yang Xu, Yan Huang, Dongzhi Wang, Donghui Zhu, Qiyang Chen, Yuhua Lu, Qingsong Guo
{"title":"Endothelial Cells Promote Pseudo-islet Function Through BTC-EGFR-JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways","authors":"Lin Wang, Jian Wan, Yang Xu, Yan Huang, Dongzhi Wang, Donghui Zhu, Qiyang Chen, Yuhua Lu, Qingsong Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03548-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03548-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interactions between cells are of fundamental importance in affecting cell function. In vivo, endothelial cells and islet cells are close to each other, which makes endothelial cells essential for islet cell development and maintenance of islet cell function. We used endothelial cells to construct 3D pseudo-islets, which demonstrated better glucose regulation and greater insulin secretion compared to conventional pseudo-islets in both in vivo and in vitro trials. However, the underlying mechanism of how endothelial cells promote beta cell function localized within islets is still unknown. We performed transcriptomic sequencing, differential gene analysis, and enrichment analysis on two types of pseudo-islets to show that endothelial cells can promote the function of internal beta cells in pseudo-islets through the BTC-EGFR-JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Min6 cells secreted additional BTC after co-culture of endothelial cells with MIN6 cells outside the body. After BTC knockout in vitro, we found that beta cells functioned differently: insulin secretion levels decreased significantly, while the expression of key proteins in the EGFR-mediated JAK/STAT signaling pathway simultaneously decreased, further confirming our results. Through our experiments, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells maintain islet function in vitro, which provides a theoretical basis for the construction of pseudo-islets and islet cell transplants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristen L. Jakubowski, Daniel Ludvig, Sabrina S. M. Lee, Eric J. Perreault
{"title":"Aging Does Not Alter Ankle, Muscle, and Tendon Stiffness at Low Loads Relevant to Stance","authors":"Kristen L. Jakubowski, Daniel Ludvig, Sabrina S. M. Lee, Eric J. Perreault","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03547-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03547-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Older adults have difficulty maintaining balance when faced with postural disturbances, a task that is influenced by the stiffness of the triceps surae and Achilles tendon. Age-related changes in Achilles tendon stiffness have been reported at matched levels of effort, but measures typically have not been made at matched loads, which is important due to age-dependent changes in strength. Moreover, there has been limited investigation into age-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Here, we investigate how age alters muscle and tendon stiffness and their influence on ankle stiffness. We hypothesized that age-related changes in muscle and tendon contribute to reduced ankle stiffness in older adults and evaluated this hypothesis when either load or effort were matched. We used B-mode ultrasound with joint-level perturbations to quantify ankle, muscle, and tendon stiffness across a range of loads and efforts in seventeen healthy younger and older adults. At matched loads relevant to standing and the stance phase of walking, there was no significant difference in ankle, muscle, or tendon stiffness between groups (all p > 0.13). However, at matched effort, older adults exhibited a significant decrease in ankle (27%; p = 0.008), muscle (37%; p = 0.02), and tendon stiffness (22%; p = 0.03) at 30% of maximum effort. This is consistent with our finding that older adults were 36% weaker than younger adults in plantarflexion (p = 0.004). Together, these results indicate that, at the loads tested in this study, there are no age-dependent changes in the mechanical properties of muscle or tendon, only differences in strength that result in altered ankle, muscle, and tendon stiffness at matched levels of effort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arinola O. Lampejo, Suzanne E. Lightsey, Maria C. Gomes, Christian M. Nguyen, Dietmar W. Siemann, Blanka Sharma, Walter L. Murfee
{"title":"A Novel Ex Vivo Tumor Spheroid-Tissue Model for Investigating Microvascular Remodeling and Lymphatic Blood Vessel Plasticity","authors":"Arinola O. Lampejo, Suzanne E. Lightsey, Maria C. Gomes, Christian M. Nguyen, Dietmar W. Siemann, Blanka Sharma, Walter L. Murfee","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03535-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03535-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomimetic tumor microenvironment models bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems and serve as a useful way to address the modeling challenge of how to recreate the cell and system complexity associated with real tissues. Our laboratory has developed an ex vivo rat mesentery culture model, which allows for simultaneous investigation of blood and lymphatic microvascular network remodeling in an intact tissue environment. Given that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key contributors to the progression of cancer, the objective of this study was to combine tissue and tumor spheroid culture methods to establish a novel ex vivo tumor spheroid-tissue model by verifying its use for evaluating the effects of cancer cell behavior on the local microvascular environment. H1299 or A549 tumor spheroids were formed via hanging drop culture and seeded onto rat mesenteric tissues harvested from adult male Wistar rats. Tissues with transplanted spheroids were cultured in serum-free media for 3 to 5 days. PECAM, NG2, CD11b, and αSMA labeling identified endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Time-lapse imaging confirmed cancer cell type specific migration. In addition to increasing PECAM positive capillary sprouting and LYVE-1 positive endothelial cell extensions indicative of lymphangiogenesis, tumor spheroid presence induced the formation of lymphatic/blood vessel connections and the formation of hybrid, mosaic vessels that were characterized by discontinuous LYVE-1 labeling. The results support the application of a novel tumor spheroid microenvironment model for investigating cancer cell–microvascular interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141150200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Shi, Xiaotian Wu, Joseph A. Paydarfar, Ryan J. Halter
{"title":"An Imaging-Compatible Oral Retractor System for Transoral Robotic Surgery","authors":"Yuan Shi, Xiaotian Wu, Joseph A. Paydarfar, Ryan J. Halter","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03536-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03536-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop and validate a Computed Tomography (CT)/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-compatible polymer oral retractor system to enable intraoperative image guidance for transoral robotic surgery (TORS). The retractor was designed based on standard-of-care metallic retractors and 3D (three-dimensional) printed with carbon fiber composite and nylon. The system was comprehensively evaluated in bench-top and cadaveric experiments in terms of its ability to enable intraoperative CT/MR images during TORS, functionality including surgical exposure and working volume, usability, compatibility with da Vinci surgical systems, feasibility for disinfection or sterilization, and robustness over an extended period of time. The polymer retractor system enabled the acquisition of high-resolution and artifact-free intraoperative CT/MR images during TORS. With an inter-incisive distance of 42.55 mm and a working volume of 200.09 cm<sup>3</sup>, it provided surgical exposure comparable to standard-of-care metallic retractors. The system proved intuitive and compatible with da Vinci S, Xi, and Single Port systems, enabling successful mock surgical tasks performed by surgeons and residents. The retractor components could be effectively disinfected or sterilized for clinical use without significant compromise in material strength, with STERRAD considered the optimal method. Throughout a 2 h mock procedure, the retractor system showed minimal displacements (<1.5 mm) due to surrounding tissue deformation, with insignificant device deformation. The 3D-printed polymer retractor system successfully enabled artifact-free intraoperative CT/MR imaging in TORS for the first time and demonstrated feasibility for clinical use. This breakthrough opens the door to surgical navigation with intraoperative image guidance in TORS, offering the potential to significantly improve surgical outcomes and patients’ quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141150339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}