Annals of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical Characterization of Fibrin-Based Blood Clot Analogues for Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage.","authors":"Prabhat Kumar, Adrian Liu, Yigit Can Senol, Daniel Leong, Nanditha Krishnan, Luis E Savastano","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04398-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04398-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries high mortality and long-term disability. Development of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) evacuation devices is limited by the lack of reproducible clot analogues that reproduce key mechanical features of human ICH clots. This study evaluates the structural and mechanical behavior of engineered clot analogues benchmarked against patient-derived ICH clots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clot analogues were formulated at FFP:pRBC ratios of 85:15, 90:10, and 95:5. Microstructure was qualitatively assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical behavior was characterized by strain sweep rheology, flow sweep viscosity, and axial compression. Mechanical properties were benchmarked against three patient-derived ICH specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM revealed a transition from cell-dominated (85/15) to fibrin-dominant (95/5) microstructures, with 90/10 exhibiting an intermediate architecture. All analogues demonstrated predominantly solid-like behavior (G' > G″), with storage modulus increasing from 334.3 ± 55.0 Pa (85/15) to 499.9 ± 140.5 Pa (95/5) (p = 0.037). Tanδ values overlapped with patient-derived specimens, suggesting similar viscoelastic regimes despite differences in absolute stiffness. Peak viscosity was significantly greater for 85/15 than for 90/10 and 95/5 (p < 0.001). Compressive stress increased numerically with FFP content but did not differ significantly among formulations (p = 0.053).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fibrin-based clot analogues provide a reproducible and tunable platform for modeling selected mechanical characteristics of ICH clots. The formulations span distinct mechanical behaviors that may support standardized benchtop and cadaveric evaluation of MIS ICH evacuation technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating Real-World Falls to Laboratory Test Conditions.","authors":"Susanna M Gagliardi, Nicole E-P Stark, Michael L Madigan, Steve Rowson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04353-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04353-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Falls account for over half of fatal work-related traumatic brain injuries, yet current safety helmet standards do not test energy levels representative of falls. Additionally, little is known about how fall impact mitigating mechanisms (FIMMs), such as fall arrest movements and/or object contact, and reduce head impact velocity. This study used a multi-step analytical approach to estimate head impact speeds from various fall heights while factoring in energy reduction due to FIMMs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Laboratory drop tests established peak linear accelerations (PLAs) and head injury criterion (HIC) values across a range of impact velocities. These PLA/HIC values were then input into skull fracture risk curves to establish the risk of skull fracture at various head impact speeds. At matched levels of risk, a risk curve relating real-world fall height to skull fracture risk was used to estimate the fall heights associated with different head impact velocities. A worst-case head impact velocity representing a direct, head-first fall without FIMMs was calculated using basic energy assumptions from the specified fall height. FIMMs were quantified as the percent reduction in the worst-case velocity from a given fall height to the laboratory head impact velocity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FIMMs may reduce head impact velocity by 44.5-64.4% compared to a head-first impact without FIMMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To evaluate safety helmets under realistic impact conditions, lab-based head impact velocities should be reduced by 44.5-64.4% from the worst-case velocity to account for a population-level estimate energy reduction associated with FIMMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Linear and Rotational Head Kinematics in Ice Hockey from a Single Helmet-Mounted IMU Using Vector Autoregressive Models.","authors":"Dario Sciacca, Anisoara Ionescu","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04395-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-026-04395-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accurate estimation of head kinematics is critical for assessing brain injury risk in contact sports. This study introduces a Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) framework to jointly model linear acceleration and angular velocity during head impacts, capturing the inherent coupling between translational and rotational dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Controlled impacts were performed on a helmeted Hybrid III 50th percentile male headform using a pendulum impactor across multiple locations (front, front-oblique, side, rear-oblique) and three impact intensities (30°, 50°, 70° pendulum angles). Helmet-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) signals were processed using VAR models trained on reference headform data at 30° and 50° impacts. The proposed framework was also evaluated for the estimation of head kinematics at untrained impact intensities (70°).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the trained intensities, the VAR approach generally improved angular velocity reconstruction across impact configurations, with PMPE and RMSE reductions of up to 20.9 pp (-81.1%) and 288.8 °/s (-85.7%), respectively, at 30°. Linear acceleration improvements were more limited, with PMPE and RMSE reductions of up to 171.8 pp (-85.7%) and 10.9 g (-74.8%), also at 30°. At the untrained 70° intensity, angular velocity PMPE decreased at all locations but significantly only at the front-oblique, while RMSE decreased significantly at the front and front-oblique (up to - 341.1 °/s, - 52.2%). In contrast, linear acceleration PMPE degraded at all locations, increasing by up to 68.6 pp (+726.4%), while RMSE showed either deterioration or non-significant improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the VAR modeling framework offers a promising multivariate approach for reconstructing head impact kinematics from a single IMU-instrumented helmet. However, limited generalization to higher, untrained intensities highlights the need for further development before real-time head injury assessment can be supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarifying the Experimental Unit and the Evidence for Preserved Osseointegration in a Zirconia-Silver Coating Study.","authors":"Shun Yang, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04410-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04410-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brogini et al. reported an integrated assessment of a zirconia-silver coating for titanium implants and concluded that osseointegration was preserved. We seek clarification regarding the analytical unit and the evidential basis for that interpretation. The Methods describe 12 control and 12 coated implant sites across 17 rats, whereas Table 2 reports 14 and 19 observations for bone-to-implant contact. It is therefore unclear whether these values represent implants, sections, images, or regions of interest, and how repeated observations and within-animal dependence were handled. Moreover, a non-significant difference test (P = 0.84) with a broad confidence interval does not by itself establish noninferiority without a prespecified acceptable margin. Clarifying these points would help readers distinguish absence of a detected difference from evidence excluding a meaningful reduction in osseointegration. Such clarification can be provided without new experimentation and would strengthen the translational interpretation of an otherwise valuable coating study for readers considering future implant surface evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchy Aware CT-Driven Constrained Constructive Optimization: A Framework for Coronary Network Generation.","authors":"S L Vajire, Jenny S Choy, Ghassan S Kassab, Lik-Chuan Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04383-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-026-04383-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Subject-specific three-dimensional models of the coronary arterial tree are widely used for simulations of coronary flow and myocardial perfusion. Current image-based reconstructions, however, cannot capture the full microvascular hierarchy, whereas existing synthetic tree generation methods either operate in idealized left ventricular geometries or lack consistency with experimental vessel hierarchy when constrained by anatomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these issues, we present a hierarchy-aware CT-driven constrained constructive optimization (HCT-CCO) framework that generates coronary arterial trees as extensions from segmented subject-specific base epicardial coronary networks. The method combines a distance field that restricts candidate segments to the segmented myocardial wall, applies Kamiya-type optimization seeded with HK-type daughter radii and a flow-weighted bifurcation point, and a hierarchy-aware, stage-wise branching schedule that progressively shifts growth toward distal segments as the domain fills. The resulting networks are assigned diameter-defined Strahler orders and analyzed in terms of diameter-order scaling, order-order connectivity, and transmural segment distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that the HCT-CCO algorithm is more stable across stochastic realizations and produces connectivity matrices and diameter-order curves that show improved agreement with experimental benchmarks compared to the conventional CCO algorithm. Application to one synthetic case and five subject-specific CT datasets yielded coronary trees spanning diameter-defined Strahler orders 1-11 with monotonic diameter-order trends and mean diameters consistent with measured porcine coronary morphometry and transmural segment distributions across cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HCT-CCO algorithm thus provides a hierarchy-aware, image-constrained approach for generating subject-specific coronary arterial networks that jointly capture experimentally supported diameter-order relations, hierarchical connectivity, and transmural vessel distributions, and offers anatomically grounded substrates for coronary hemodynamic and perfusion modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortex Dynamics and Energy Dissipation in Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Across Diastolic Function Inflow Patterns: An In Vitro Quantitative Flow Analysis.","authors":"Kagan Ucak, Coskun Bilgi, Niema M Pahlevan","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04369-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04369-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diastolic dysfunction is a central driver of heart failure, yet the fluid-dynamic mechanisms underlying altered left ventricular (LV) filling are not fully understood. In this study, we characterize intraventricular vortex dynamics and hemodynamic performance across diastolic function inflow patterns using a physiologically accurate in vitro LV simulator. Diastolic function inflow patterns (impaired relaxation, normal, restrictive filling) were modeled by independently varying the E/A ratio (ratio of the early and late diastolic peak inflows), diastasis duration (0-20% of the cardiac cycle), heart rate (60-90 bpm), and stroke volume while maintaining clinically relevant inflow velocities (0.5-0.9 m/s). Quantitative flow analysis was performed using phase-locked particle image velocimetry. Hemodynamic metrics of two-dimensional viscous energy dissipation (VED), shear rate, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were calculated from planar velocity field measurements. Abnormal inflow patterns exhibited higher energy losses than normal inflow patterns. Restrictive filling inflow patterns produced the highest peak VED (50% greater than normal) and increased TKE (38% greater), whereas impaired relaxation inflow patterns led to pronounced vortex pair merging, yielding the highest peak TKE (57% greater than normal). A moderate diastasis duration minimized VED across E/A ratios, identifying a local energetic optimum at 3.3 L/min, which was not observed under low-cardiac output conditions. In impaired relaxation inflow patterns, diastole-averaged VED scaled nonlinearly with stroke volume and linearly with heart rate at a constant cardiac output. These results characterize how the E/A ratio and diastasis independently govern LV vortex interactions and energetic efficiency, providing insights into the hemodynamic mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction, and may motivate future clinical studies to identify potential markers of disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preclinical Approach to 3D-Printed Osseointegration Prosthesis: Improving Functional Outcomes and Reducing Complications in Residual Limb Reconstruction.","authors":"Shuaihe Gong, Yifan Wang, Chang Zhou, Jiale Li, Kexin Xie, Wei Guo, Yi Yang, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04401-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04401-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presented a novel additively manufactured osseointegration prosthesis (OIP) for patients with amputation residual limb functional reconstruction, elaborating its design concept, conducting finite element mechanical analysis, and evaluating efficacy via animal models to provide a clinical theoretical basis. Our designed OIP system were categorized into four types: Type I (solely intramedullary press-fit fixation) and Type II (combined intramedullary press-fit-extramedullary sleeve fixation); Type a (no auxiliary anti-rotation screws) and Type b (with such screws). The cloverleaf sleeve's inner wall and intramedullary stem surface featured 3D-printed metal porous structures. Finite element models were established using adult femoral CT data to simulate stress/displacement under 15,000/20,000 N*mm torque and 600/900 N vertical stress. A mid-femoral amputation model was constructed in Small-tailed Han sheep (n = 3), with Type IIa OIP press fitted after intramedullary cavity reaming and cortical decortication, evaluating functional reconstruction, biocompatibility, and osseointegration. Finite element analysis yielded stress peaks, maximum displacement, and distribution contour plots. Results showed cloverleaf sleeve-equipped prostheses had lower stress peaks under high vertical stress, more dispersed stress distribution, and superior displacement resistance. Animal model data demonstrated stable fixation, no obvious infection, and favorable prosthesis-femur osseointegration. This newly designed OIP possesses good biocompatibility and osseointegration capacity and the extramedullary cloverleaf sleeve enhances mechanical properties, laying a theoretical foundation for future clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG Biomarkers During Upper-Limb Action Observation Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anh T Nguyen, Michelle J Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04404-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04404-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stroke often leads to persistent upper-limb motor impairments that limit activities of daily living. Action observation (AO) therapy holds promise for priming residual motor pathways even when voluntary movement is minimal. This scoping review aimed to identify EEG-derived indicators of cortical engagement during upper-limb AO therapy after stroke, examine how these neural metrics relate to motor outcomes, and summarize methodological variability across studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, six databases were searched, yielding 386 records. Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria by combining upper-limb AO paradigms with EEG outcomes and motor assessments. Data were extracted on AO task characteristics, EEG acquisition and processing, biomarker definitions, and associations with behavioral measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across paradigms, sensorimotor event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the mu (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) bands consistently indexed activation of action observation network. Multi-week AO therapy interventions produced sustained increases in mu/beta ERD, beta-band connectivity, and fast-to-slow spectral power ratios. These neural changes frequently correlated with improvements in Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores, dexterity tests, and functional performance. Furthermore, AO-driven brain-computer interface paradigms and combined AO and motor imagery elicited robust cortical and functional gains, underscoring the potential of EEG-guided, closed-loop AO therapies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EEG provides reproducible, temporally precise biomarkers of AO-induced cortical engagement and motor recovery in stroke rehabilitation. Nonetheless, heterogeneity in AO protocol and stimulus design hampers cross-study comparability. Future work should standardize protocols and determine reliable biomarkers for real-time AO personalized neurorehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Compression Ultrasound via a Force-Area Digital Twin for Mechanistic Assessment of Venous Thrombosis.","authors":"Janez Urevc, Dejan Kovšca, Andraž Maček, Miroslav Halilovič, Nandu Goswami, Andrej Bergauer","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04362-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04362-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Conventional compression ultrasound (CUS) is qualitative and operator-dependent. This work investigates whether probe compression force combined with lumen shape provides mechanistic information beyond the binary compressibility used in clinical practice. This study establishes a mechanistically grounded framework for quantitative CUS by simultaneously measuring probe compression force and vein deformation during ultrasound imaging and investigates how thrombus mechanics shape the resulting force-deformation response to distinguish healthy and thrombotic vein states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Compression force and internal jugular vein (IJV) cross-sectional area were recorded during CUS in nine healthy subjects to establish a healthy reference response. Two quantitative indicators were derived from the compression response: the loading branch force-area slope and an aspect ratio-based deformation metric. A representative finite-element digital twin of the IJV region was constructed using cohort mean anatomical landmarks and physiological literature data and tuned to reproduce experimentally observed healthy compression behaviour. Simulated thrombotic configurations were then introduced to evaluate their influence on force-area and force-shape responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulated thrombotic configurations produced systematically steeper force-area responses and reduced lumen collapse compared with the healthy reference. Partial occlusions generated intermediate and morphologically distinct deformation patterns. The simulated dimensional force-area slope remained of the same order of magnitude as the experimental value. The normalised force-area slope agreed closely between the simulation and the experimental cohort, indicating that the model captures the underlying shape of the compression response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a mechanistic proof of concept for quantitative CUS and demonstrates in silico separability between healthy and thrombotic compression responses. By linking measurable compression signatures to the underlying thrombus mechanics, this work moves quantitative CUS from an empirical observation towards a physics-informed biomechanical biomarker. Clinical validation in subjects with confirmed thrombosis is still required.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combined ¹H and ³¹P Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique to Assess Bone Matrix and Mineral Densities in Rats with Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia.","authors":"Victor B Kassey, Matthias Walle, Diana Yeritsyan, Jonathan Egan, Angela R Kassey, Ahmad Hedayatzadeh, Yaotang Wu, Brian D Snyder, Edward K Rodriguez, Jerome L Ackerman, Ara Nazarian","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04391-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04391-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work evaluated a combined multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance imaging (ssMRI) technique using ¹H and ³¹P acquisitions for quantitative, non-ionizing assessment of bone matrix and mineral densities, and to determine whether this approach can differentiate normal bone from osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy (ROD) in rat models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen rats were assigned to control (CON), ovariectomized (OVX), and vitamin-D-deficient/5-6 nephrectomy (VIT-D) groups. Femurs were imaged ex vivo using a custom double-tuned ¹H/³¹P RF coil on a 7T system. Water- and fat-suppressed ¹H ssMRI quantified organic matrix density, while ³¹P ssMRI quantified bone mineral density. The Extent of Bone Mineralization (EBM) was calculated as the mineral-to-matrix ratio. Validation was performed using μCT and gravimetric analyses. MANOVA and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess group differences and classification accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRI-derived matrix and mineral densities showed strong correlations with gravimetric and μCT measures (r = 0.85-0.89, p < 0.001). Cortical vMAT_MRI and vBMD_MRI decreased progressively from CON to OVX to VIT-D, while trabecular values reflected greater microarchitectural heterogeneity. EBM remained near normal in OVX but was markedly altered in VIT-D, consistent with impaired mineralization. MANOVA confirmed significant effects of group and bone region (p < 0.001). Combined cortical-trabecular ssMRI predictors achieved 86.7% cross-validated accuracy in classifying the three bone conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multinuclear ¹H/³¹P ssMRI provided quantitative, non-ionizing estimates of bone matrix and mineral density and, in this ex-vivo proof-of-concept, distinguished the osteoporotic from the osteomalacic phenotype by jointly evaluating matrix, mineral, and EBM. Because acquisition currently requires several hours per specimen, these findings establish analytical feasibility rather than clinical readiness; substantial acceleration and in-vivo validation are required, and EBM is best regarded as a promising candidate compositional marker pending validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}