Annals of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Detailed Finite Element Model of the BIPED MK2 and Verification of Fidelity in Two Cases of Blunt Impact","authors":"Robert Chauvet,&nbsp;Ashton Martin,&nbsp;Jennifer Rovt,&nbsp;Oren Petel,&nbsp;Simon Ouellet,&nbsp;Lindsey Westover,&nbsp;Christopher R. Dennison","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03652-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03652-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical surrogates of the human head are commonly used to model cranial impacts, assess helmet efficacy and assess likelihood of head injuries. The Brain Injury Protection Evaluation Device (BIPED mk2) is a head form that contains a brain simulant, cerebrospinal fluid layer (CSF), connective membranes, a skull and a skin layer, and can be configured to measure kinematics, pressures and strains. In design efforts to increase the biofidelity of surrogates, finite element models play a significant role in assessing design iterations that better mimic the biological response of the head during impact. This study aims to create a digital model of the BIPED mk2 and provide a robust comparison to experimental pressure and strain data, measured from specific impact scenarios. Kinematics from two separate frontal impact experiment campaigns were used to drive the BIPED mk2 finite element model. In the first experiments, brain pressure was extracted from in situ transducers. In the second, brain strain was extracted from post hoc imagery analysis. These pressure and strain data are the basis on which we verify the pressures and strains reported from the finite element model. Pressure and displacement time series responses were compared with experimental data using a CORrelation Analysis (CORA). The average CORA rating for pressure measurements taken at the front brain sensor was 0.701 using the kinematic model inputs and 0.851 for the force model inputs. For the rear brain sensor, the signals were deemed poor fits as the average CORA scores were 0.442 for the kinematic input and 0.255 for the force input. CORA ratings for the comparison of displacement data in the <i>x</i> (anterior–posterior) and <i>z</i> (superior–inferior) directions of the 18 nodes tested resulted in a range of values from 0.012 to 0.936. The results matched best in the interior but were poor along the perimeter of the brain depending on the location of the point in relation to the brain surface. We speculate the mixed findings are due in large part to the simplified CSF model, a potential focus for future model refinement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1226 - 1246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Look “Inside” the Sport of Wrestling: Examination of Head Acceleration Events and Mechanisms in Female High-School Wrestlers Using Instrumented Mouthguards","authors":"Kenzie B. Friesen,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Galarneau,&nbsp;Emmanuel Olapade,&nbsp;Lyndia Wu,&nbsp;Chris Dennison,&nbsp;Carolyn A. Emery","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03703-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03703-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To characterize true-positive head accelerations events (HAEs) captured with instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) in high-school female wrestlers using video-verification during matches and to measure players’ perceptions of iMG use.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty female high-school wrestlers (ages 16.4 ± 0.8 years) from 6 Canadian high schools wore Prevent boil-and-bite iMGs® during a total of 248 video-recorded player-matches. HAEs were identified during matches using Dartfish video analysis and match characteristics (periods of play, offensiveness, move type) were coded per HAE. The rate of HAEs was estimated and a multilevel multivariable analysis fitting all factors was employed to characterize the magnitude of velocities and accelerations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>1313/1414 acceleration events accumulated during match events and above an 8 g threshold were labeled as true-positive (TP) HAEs (93%). Most HAEs occurred in matches with two periods and when the iMG player was engaged in neutral play (neither offensive or defensive). Most HAEs occurred during hand fighting (57.3% of all TP HAEs), followed by ground moves (13.8% of all TP HAEs), and takedowns (10.1% of all TP HAEs). Multivariable models showed offensive moves report higher magnitude peak velocities than during neutral moves. Ground moves, takedowns, and other moves showed higher peak velocities than during hand fighting. Headbutting and takedowns displayed higher peak accelerations than during hand fighting. Players’ overall perception of iMG use was positive (comfort rating 0–10 scale: median 7.5; IQR 1.0).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>HAEs occur most during the first period of matches, tournaments, and hand fighting followed by high-intensity moves, such as ground moves and takedowns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1247 - 1256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Histological and Mechanical Behavior of Skin During Puncture for Different Impactor Sizes and Loading Rates","authors":"Joseph LeSueur,&nbsp;Jared Koser,&nbsp;William Dzwierzynski,&nbsp;Brian D. Stemper,&nbsp;Carolyn E. Hampton,&nbsp;Michael Kleinberger,&nbsp;Frank A. Pintar","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03699-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03699-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The hierarchical structure of skin dictates its protective function against mechanical loading, which has been extensively studied through numerous experiments. Viscoelasticity and anisotropy have been defined for skin in tensile loading, but most puncture studies utilized skin simulants, which lacked natural tension and varying skin thicknesses. The purpose of this study was to define the mechanical behavior and failure thresholds of skin during puncture with various blunt impactor sizes and loading rates.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>After determining natural tension of porcine skin, 232 isolated skin samples were loaded in puncture. Pre-conditioning, sub-failure, and failure trials were conducted with an electrohydraulic piston actuator loading pre-strained skin samples with a 3-, 5-, or 8-mm spherical impactor at rates of 5 to 1000 mm/s. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine significant factors and predict probability of puncture.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Increased skin thickness significantly increased RIII stiffness (<i>p</i> = 0.002), failure force (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and strain energy at failure (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and significantly decreased displacement at failure (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Significantly greater force, displacement, strain energy, and stiffness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) at failure were observed with the 8-mm impactor. Loading at 1000 mm/s resulted in significantly greater force (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and stiffness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) at failure compared to 5 mm/s and significantly decreased displacement at failure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). 3D-DIC strain maps displayed anisotropic behavior, and larger elliptical wounds resulted from puncture with an 8 mm impactor (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Quantitative histological analyses revealed collagen re-alignment near the impactor from pre-conditioning and minimal structural damage during sub-failure trials. Initial structural failure occurred in the reticular dermis followed by the papillary dermis and epidermis.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The presented failure metrics, with support from histological findings, may be utilized in development of protective clothing, improvement of computational models, and advancement in forensic sciences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1209 - 1225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characterization in Medical Device Evaluation: Current Practices, Regulatory Requirements, and Future Directions","authors":"Lukasz Szymanski,&nbsp;Magdalena Kiernozek,&nbsp;Bartosz Gromadka,&nbsp;Weronika Straszecka,&nbsp;Aneta Wiktorek-Smagur,&nbsp;Damian Matak","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03702-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03702-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rigorous regulatory landscape for medical devices demands meticulous chemical characterization to ensure safety and compliance. This review examines the critical role of chemical characterization within regulatory frameworks, emphasizing its importance in the approval and market entry of medical devices. Key challenges, including the complexity of sample matrices, trace-level impurity detection, and the necessity of method validation, are thoroughly explored. In addition, the review addresses the dynamic nature of regulatory requirements, analyzing how updates in international standards, such as those from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), or the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), shape the chemical characterization process. The review discusses future directions, including advancements in analytical technologies, the potential for increased automation and standardization, and the growing significance of managing emerging contaminants. By offering a comprehensive analysis of current practices and future trends, this review highlights the essential role of chemical characterization in ensuring the development and regulation of safe and effective medical devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1068 - 1079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Future of Self-Directed Patient Internet Research: Large Language Model-Based Tools Versus Standard Search Engines","authors":"Arya Rao,&nbsp;Andrew Mu,&nbsp;Elizabeth Enichen,&nbsp;Dhruva Gupta,&nbsp;Nathan Hall,&nbsp;Erica Koranteng,&nbsp;William Marks,&nbsp;Michael J. Senter-Zapata,&nbsp;David C. Whitehead,&nbsp;Benjamin A. White,&nbsp;Sanjay Saini,&nbsp;Adam B. Landman,&nbsp;Marc D. Succi","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03701-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03701-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>As generalist large language models (LLMs) become more commonplace, patients will inevitably increasingly turn to these tools instead of traditional search engines. Here, we evaluate publicly available LLM-based chatbots as tools for patient education through physician review of responses provided by Google, Bard, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to commonly searched queries about prevalent chronic health conditions in the United States.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Five distinct commonly Google-searched queries were selected for (i) hypertension, (ii) hyperlipidemia, (iii) diabetes, (iv) anxiety, and (v) mood disorders and prompted into each model of interest. Responses were assessed by board-certified physicians for accuracy, comprehensiveness, and overall quality on a five-point Likert scale. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Levels were calculated to assess readability.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>GPT-3.5 (4.40 ± 0.48, 4.29 ± 0.43) and GPT-4 (4.35 ± 0.30, 4.24 ± 0.28) received higher ratings in comprehensiveness and quality than Bard (3.79 ± 0.36, 3.87 ± 0.32) and Google (1.87 ± 0.42, 2.11 ± 0.47), all p &lt; 0.05. However, Bard (9.45 ± 1.35) and Google responses (9.92 ± 5.31) had a lower average Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level compared to GPT-3.5 (14.69 ± 1.57) and GPT-4 (12.88 ± 2.02), indicating greater readability.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study suggests that publicly available LLM-based tools may provide patients with more accurate responses to queries on chronic health conditions than answers provided by Google search. These results provide support for the use of these tools in place of traditional search engines for health-related queries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1199 - 1208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Malignant Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study Based on Ultrasound Omics","authors":"Zufei Li,&nbsp;Kaifeng Wang,&nbsp;Junpu Qu,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Meng,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Meilan Zhang,&nbsp;Hai Du","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03698-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03698-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><p>The identification of thyroid nodules primarily relies on the ultrasound physician's assessment of nodule morphology and other visually identifiable features. Ultrasound omics technology can reveal additional features that are not visible to the naked eye, which may assist in the evaluation of malignant thyroid nodules. This study aims to explore novel markers for malignant thyroid nodules using ultrasound omics and machine learning (ML) techniques.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 1056 thyroid nodules with confirmed pathology were included, comprising 469 malignant and 587 benign cases. Traditional ultrasound features, such as \"aspect ratio,\" \"shape,\" \"margins,\" \"blood flow signal,\" and \"calcification pattern,\" were recorded. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn for each ultrasound image, and features were extracted using the Python-based pyRadiomics tool. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) algorithm and correlation analysis were applied to select relevant features. Data were divided into training and testing sets at an 80:20 ratio. Various ML algorithms were employed to construct the models, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to assess feature importance.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 104 ultrasonic omics features were extracted from each image, and seven ultrasonic omics markers for thyroid malignant nodules were identified. The model developed using the random forest (RF) algorithm performed best on the test set, achieving accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 89.6%, 90.2%, 89.2%, and 89.7%, respectively. However, when the seven ultrasonic omics markers were excluded from the ML features, the model performance decreased to 83.5%, 80.4%, 85.8%, and 83.1%. SHAP analysis indicated that all seven markers were significant features.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These novel ultrasonic omics markers may improve the accuracy of thyroid nodule diagnosis, and further research is needed to confirm their clinical utility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1192 - 1198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Response and Cervical Spine Injuries in an Oblique Lateral Helmeted Head Impact","authors":"Marie-Hélène Beauséjour,&nbsp;Nicolas Bailly,&nbsp;Wei Wei,&nbsp;Lucas Troude,&nbsp;Paolo Panichelli,&nbsp;Pierre-Jean Arnoux","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03697-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03697-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Oblique lateral head impacts are common in motorcycle accidents and roll-over crashes. However, the neck injury mechanisms following this impact have not been thoroughly described. This work aimed to characterize the head kinematics and cervical spine injuries from oblique lateral helmeted head impacts.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Five post-mortem human surrogates (3 females) were hit laterally on the head with a 37 kg impactor with an oblique plane generating a compressive load. The impact velocities were 4 m/s (3 surrogates) and 5.1 m/s (2 surrogates). The surrogates were equipped with accelerometers on the helmets, in the mouth and at the sternum. Stereography was used to follow the 3D displacements of markers on the helmet. CT-scans and dissection were performed after the impact to assess injuries.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The most frequent injuries were posterior ligament ruptures (2 occurrences) and vertebral lamina fractures (2 occurrences). The head maximal accelerations were between 13 and 51 g, and the peak impact forces ranged from 1800 to 5600 N. The head maximal lateral bending was around 30 degrees (4 m/s) or 50 degrees (5.1 m/s).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While the measured lateral rotations were under the physiological threshold, they were sufficient to cause injuries at the tested impact energy level. This suggests that the dynamic aspect of the impact and the combination of compression and lateral bending delivered by the oblique impactor are essential in the injury mechanism. This novel data will be determinant in understanding cervical spine injuries and improving the behavior of human body models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1180 - 1191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Pressure Responses of the Cervical Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Porcine Model of Extension and Flexion Whiplash Exposures","authors":"Nikoo Soltan,&nbsp;Mats Y. Svensson,&nbsp;Claire F. Jones,&nbsp;Peter A. Cripton,&nbsp;Gunter P. Siegmund","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03695-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03695-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The mechanisms of whiplash injury remain poorly understood. One theory suggests that the characteristic inertial loading of the head and neck in motor vehicle collisions can produce injurious cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure transients in the cervical spine. However, these in vivo CSF pressure responses have not yet been adequately characterized.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study used a pig model to characterize the cervical CSF pressure responses to head kinematic inputs in extension (simulating low-speed rear-end collisions with no head restraint) and flexion (simulating low-speed frontal collisions). We also compared the pressure and pressure impulses at three spinal levels to determine if the pressure transient responses differ spatially. Four anesthetized pigs were instrumented with intrathecal pressure transducers placed at the C2, C5, and C7 levels. A servomotor system was programmed to actuate the head through specific trajectories to model two extension, and two flexion, whiplash exposures.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>During the extension tests, mean peak pressure transients ranged from − 31.2 to 148.7 mmHg, whereas during the flexion tests, mean peak pressure transients ranged from − 50.8 to 126.9 mmHg. Peak individual responses ranged from − 71.1 to 244.8 mmHg across all tests. Pressure impulses reached a maximum of 6.77 mmHg·s. Peak pressure and pressure impulses were largest at the C5 and C7 levels during extension exposures and at the C2 level in flexion exposures.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The reported pressure and pressure impulse responses could be used to determine neural tissue tolerances relevant to whiplash injury and contribute to the development and validation of computational models of whiplash.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1165 - 1179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Lymphatic Remodeling Follows Sub-Ablative High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy in a 4T1 Murine Model","authors":"Savieay Esparza,&nbsp;Edward Jacobs,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Hammel,&nbsp;Sharon K. Michelhaugh,&nbsp;Nastaran Alinezhadbalalami,&nbsp;Margaret Nagai-Singer,&nbsp;Khan Mohammad Imran,&nbsp;Rafael V. Davalos,&nbsp;Irving C. Allen,&nbsp;Scott S. Verbridge,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Munson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03674-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-024-03674-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a minimally invasive local ablation therapy known to activate the adaptive immune system and reprogram the tumor microenvironment. Its predecessor, irreversible electroporation (IRE), transiently increases microvascular density and immune cell infiltration within the surviving non-ablated and non-necrotic tumor region, also known as the viable tumor region. However, the impact of pulse electric field therapies on lymphatic vessels, crucial for T-cell fate and maturation, remains unclear. This study investigates how sub-ablative H-FIRE (SA-HFIRE) affects lymphatic and blood microvascular remodeling in the 4T1 mammary mouse model. We conducted a temporal and spatial analysis to evaluate vascular changes in the viable tumor, peritumoral fat pad, and tumor-draining lymph node post-treatment. Histological examination showed a transient increase in blood vessel density on Day 1 post-treatment, followed by a spike in lymphatic vessel density in the viable tumor region on Day 3 post-treatment, increased lymphatic vessel density in the peripheral fat pad, and minimal remodeling of the tumor-draining lymph node within 3 days following treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated elevated levels of CCL21 and CXCL2 on Day 1 post-treatment, while VEGFA and VEGFC did not appear to contribute to vascular remodeling. Likewise, CCL21 protein content in tumor-draining axillary lymph nodes correlated with gene expression data from the viable tumor region. These findings suggest a dynamic shift in lymphatic and blood microvascular structures post-SA-HFIRE, potentially enhancing the adaptive immune response through CCL21-mediated lymphatic homing and subsequent lymph node microvascular remodeling. Future work will assess the immune and transport function of the microvasculature to inform experiments aimed at the application of adjuvant therapies during scenarios of tumor partial ablation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1148 - 1164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-024-03674-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Instrumented Mouthguard Post-Processing Methods","authors":"Ryan Gellner,&nbsp;Mark T. Begonia,&nbsp;Matthew Wood,&nbsp;Lewis Rockwell,&nbsp;Taylor Geiman,&nbsp;Caitlyn Jung,&nbsp;Blake Gellner,&nbsp;Allison MacMartin,&nbsp;Sophia Manlapit,&nbsp;Steve Rowson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03687-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03687-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Instrumented head acceleration measurement devices are commonly used in research studies to determine head acceleration exposure in certain populations. Instrumented mouthguards pair directly to the user’s teeth and offer six-degree-of-freedom measurements. Though many studies have recently used these devices, post-processing techniques vary by study. Other studies have attempted to label impact quality or coupling status, also with varying methods. This study sought to compare the effect of post-processing and labeling methods on reported exposure distribution characteristics in instrumented mouthguard data from ice hockey players. We collected data from 18 female adolescent ice hockey players on two teams for an entire season. We then post-processed the measured signals using five different techniques: (1) the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer’s data output, (2) a 500 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 300 Hz angular velocity filter, (3) HEADSport, (4) a 100 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 175 Hz angular velocity filter, and (5) a salvaging process to detect and remove decoupling based on signal frequency content. The post-processing techniques affected the reported exposure distributions by changing the mean, median, and 95th percentile values of peak linear and angular kinematics. We also compared labeling techniques by measuring agreement and inter-rater reliability between three labeling techniques: the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer’s label, Luke et al.’s coupling label, and our classification learner that detects and labels decoupling. We found that the labeling techniques had low agreement about which acceleration events were the best to keep. Labeling technique also influenced the reported distributions’ descriptive statistics. Post-processing and event labeling are crucial components of head acceleration event exposure studies. Methods should be described by researchers, and standardization should be sought to allow for better cross-study comparison. Published and publicly available techniques can help move the field toward this ideal. Researchers should be aware of the potential effect post-processing can have on a population’s final reported exposure metrics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"53 5","pages":"1138 - 1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-025-03687-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}