Annals of Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A Future of Self-Directed Patient Internet Research: Large Language Model-Based Tools Versus Standard Search Engines.","authors":"Arya Rao, Andrew Mu, Elizabeth Enichen, Dhruva Gupta, Nathan Hall, Erica Koranteng, William Marks, Michael J Senter-Zapata, David C Whitehead, Benjamin A White, Sanjay Saini, Adam B Landman, Marc D Succi","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03701-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03701-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As generalist large language models (LLMs) become more commonplace, patients will inevitably increasingly turn to these tools instead of traditional search engines. Here, we evaluate publicly available LLM-based chatbots as tools for patient education through physician review of responses provided by Google, Bard, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to commonly searched queries about prevalent chronic health conditions in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five distinct commonly Google-searched queries were selected for (i) hypertension, (ii) hyperlipidemia, (iii) diabetes, (iv) anxiety, and (v) mood disorders and prompted into each model of interest. Responses were assessed by board-certified physicians for accuracy, comprehensiveness, and overall quality on a five-point Likert scale. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Levels were calculated to assess readability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-3.5 (4.40 ± 0.48, 4.29 ± 0.43) and GPT-4 (4.35 ± 0.30, 4.24 ± 0.28) received higher ratings in comprehensiveness and quality than Bard (3.79 ± 0.36, 3.87 ± 0.32) and Google (1.87 ± 0.42, 2.11 ± 0.47), all p < 0.05. However, Bard (9.45 ± 1.35) and Google responses (9.92 ± 5.31) had a lower average Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level compared to GPT-3.5 (14.69 ± 1.57) and GPT-4 (12.88 ± 2.02), indicating greater readability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that publicly available LLM-based tools may provide patients with more accurate responses to queries on chronic health conditions than answers provided by Google search. These results provide support for the use of these tools in place of traditional search engines for health-related queries.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Malignant Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study Based on Ultrasound Omics.","authors":"Zufei Li, Kaifeng Wang, Junpu Qu, Jian Zhang, Jian Meng, Jing Li, Meilan Zhang, Hai Du","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03698-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03698-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The identification of thyroid nodules primarily relies on the ultrasound physician's assessment of nodule morphology and other visually identifiable features. Ultrasound omics technology can reveal additional features that are not visible to the naked eye, which may assist in the evaluation of malignant thyroid nodules. This study aims to explore novel markers for malignant thyroid nodules using ultrasound omics and machine learning (ML) techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1056 thyroid nodules with confirmed pathology were included, comprising 469 malignant and 587 benign cases. Traditional ultrasound features, such as \"aspect ratio,\" \"shape,\" \"margins,\" \"blood flow signal,\" and \"calcification pattern,\" were recorded. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn for each ultrasound image, and features were extracted using the Python-based pyRadiomics tool. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) algorithm and correlation analysis were applied to select relevant features. Data were divided into training and testing sets at an 80:20 ratio. Various ML algorithms were employed to construct the models, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to assess feature importance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 ultrasonic omics features were extracted from each image, and seven ultrasonic omics markers for thyroid malignant nodules were identified. The model developed using the random forest (RF) algorithm performed best on the test set, achieving accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 89.6%, 90.2%, 89.2%, and 89.7%, respectively. However, when the seven ultrasonic omics markers were excluded from the ML features, the model performance decreased to 83.5%, 80.4%, 85.8%, and 83.1%. SHAP analysis indicated that all seven markers were significant features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These novel ultrasonic omics markers may improve the accuracy of thyroid nodule diagnosis, and further research is needed to confirm their clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Response and Cervical Spine Injuries in an Oblique Lateral Helmeted Head Impact.","authors":"Marie-Hélène Beauséjour, Nicolas Bailly, Wei Wei, Lucas Troude, Paolo Panichelli, Pierre-Jean Arnoux","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03697-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03697-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Oblique lateral head impacts are common in motorcycle accidents and roll-over crashes. However, the neck injury mechanisms following this impact have not been thoroughly described. This work aimed to characterize the head kinematics and cervical spine injuries from oblique lateral helmeted head impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five post-mortem human surrogates (3 females) were hit laterally on the head with a 37 kg impactor with an oblique plane generating a compressive load. The impact velocities were 4 m/s (3 surrogates) and 5.1 m/s (2 surrogates). The surrogates were equipped with accelerometers on the helmets, in the mouth and at the sternum. Stereography was used to follow the 3D displacements of markers on the helmet. CT-scans and dissection were performed after the impact to assess injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent injuries were posterior ligament ruptures (2 occurrences) and vertebral lamina fractures (2 occurrences). The head maximal accelerations were between 13 and 51 g, and the peak impact forces ranged from 1800 to 5600 N. The head maximal lateral bending was around 30 degrees (4 m/s) or 50 degrees (5.1 m/s).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the measured lateral rotations were under the physiological threshold, they were sufficient to cause injuries at the tested impact energy level. This suggests that the dynamic aspect of the impact and the combination of compression and lateral bending delivered by the oblique impactor are essential in the injury mechanism. This novel data will be determinant in understanding cervical spine injuries and improving the behavior of human body models.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Pressure Responses of the Cervical Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Porcine Model of Extension and Flexion Whiplash Exposures.","authors":"Nikoo Soltan, Mats Y Svensson, Claire F Jones, Peter A Cripton, Gunter P Siegmund","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03695-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03695-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The mechanisms of whiplash injury remain poorly understood. One theory suggests that the characteristic inertial loading of the head and neck in motor vehicle collisions can produce injurious cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure transients in the cervical spine. However, these in vivo CSF pressure responses have not yet been adequately characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a pig model to characterize the cervical CSF pressure responses to head kinematic inputs in extension (simulating low-speed rear-end collisions with no head restraint) and flexion (simulating low-speed frontal collisions). We also compared the pressure and pressure impulses at three spinal levels to determine if the pressure transient responses differ spatially. Four anesthetized pigs were instrumented with intrathecal pressure transducers placed at the C2, C5, and C7 levels. A servomotor system was programmed to actuate the head through specific trajectories to model two extension, and two flexion, whiplash exposures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the extension tests, mean peak pressure transients ranged from - 31.2 to 148.7 mmHg, whereas during the flexion tests, mean peak pressure transients ranged from - 50.8 to 126.9 mmHg. Peak individual responses ranged from - 71.1 to 244.8 mmHg across all tests. Pressure impulses reached a maximum of 6.77 mmHg·s. Peak pressure and pressure impulses were largest at the C5 and C7 levels during extension exposures and at the C2 level in flexion exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reported pressure and pressure impulse responses could be used to determine neural tissue tolerances relevant to whiplash injury and contribute to the development and validation of computational models of whiplash.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Lymphatic Remodeling Follows Sub-Ablative High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy in a 4T1 Murine Model.","authors":"Savieay Esparza, Edward Jacobs, Jennifer H Hammel, Sharon K Michelhaugh, Nastaran Alinezhadbalalami, Margaret Nagai-Singer, Khan Mohammad Imran, Rafael V Davalos, Irving C Allen, Scott S Verbridge, Jennifer M Munson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03674-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-024-03674-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a minimally invasive local ablation therapy known to activate the adaptive immune system and reprogram the tumor microenvironment. Its predecessor, irreversible electroporation (IRE), transiently increases microvascular density and immune cell infiltration within the surviving non-ablated and non-necrotic tumor region, also known as the viable tumor region. However, the impact of pulse electric field therapies on lymphatic vessels, crucial for T-cell fate and maturation, remains unclear. This study investigates how sub-ablative H-FIRE (SA-HFIRE) affects lymphatic and blood microvascular remodeling in the 4T1 mammary mouse model. We conducted a temporal and spatial analysis to evaluate vascular changes in the viable tumor, peritumoral fat pad, and tumor-draining lymph node post-treatment. Histological examination showed a transient increase in blood vessel density on Day 1 post-treatment, followed by a spike in lymphatic vessel density in the viable tumor region on Day 3 post-treatment, increased lymphatic vessel density in the peripheral fat pad, and minimal remodeling of the tumor-draining lymph node within 3 days following treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated elevated levels of CCL21 and CXCL2 on Day 1 post-treatment, while VEGFA and VEGFC did not appear to contribute to vascular remodeling. Likewise, CCL21 protein content in tumor-draining axillary lymph nodes correlated with gene expression data from the viable tumor region. These findings suggest a dynamic shift in lymphatic and blood microvascular structures post-SA-HFIRE, potentially enhancing the adaptive immune response through CCL21-mediated lymphatic homing and subsequent lymph node microvascular remodeling. Future work will assess the immune and transport function of the microvasculature to inform experiments aimed at the application of adjuvant therapies during scenarios of tumor partial ablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Instrumented Mouthguard Post-Processing Methods.","authors":"Ryan Gellner, Mark T Begonia, Matthew Wood, Lewis Rockwell, Taylor Geiman, Caitlyn Jung, Blake Gellner, Allison MacMartin, Sophia Manlapit, Steve Rowson","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03687-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03687-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Instrumented head acceleration measurement devices are commonly used in research studies to determine head acceleration exposure in certain populations. Instrumented mouthguards pair directly to the user's teeth and offer six-degree-of-freedom measurements. Though many studies have recently used these devices, post-processing techniques vary by study. Other studies have attempted to label impact quality or coupling status, also with varying methods. This study sought to compare the effect of post-processing and labeling methods on reported exposure distribution characteristics in instrumented mouthguard data from ice hockey players. We collected data from 18 female adolescent ice hockey players on two teams for an entire season. We then post-processed the measured signals using five different techniques: (1) the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer's data output, (2) a 500 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 300 Hz angular velocity filter, (3) HEADSport, (4) a 100 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 175 Hz angular velocity filter, and (5) a salvaging process to detect and remove decoupling based on signal frequency content. The post-processing techniques affected the reported exposure distributions by changing the mean, median, and 95th percentile values of peak linear and angular kinematics. We also compared labeling techniques by measuring agreement and inter-rater reliability between three labeling techniques: the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer's label, Luke et al.'s coupling label, and our classification learner that detects and labels decoupling. We found that the labeling techniques had low agreement about which acceleration events were the best to keep. Labeling technique also influenced the reported distributions' descriptive statistics. Post-processing and event labeling are crucial components of head acceleration event exposure studies. Methods should be described by researchers, and standardization should be sought to allow for better cross-study comparison. Published and publicly available techniques can help move the field toward this ideal. Researchers should be aware of the potential effect post-processing can have on a population's final reported exposure metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Microfluidic Approach for Intracellular Delivery into Red Blood Cells: A Deeper Understanding of the Role of Chemical/Rheological Properties of the Cellular Suspension.","authors":"Clara Bernardelli, Monica Piergiovanni, Elena Bianchi, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Maria Laura Costantino, Giustina Casagrande","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03678-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03678-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are a promising drug delivery system candidate for many drugs. Using autologous cells helps to overcome biocompatibility issues, while microfluidics allows accurate control of the intracellular delivery of molecules through fluidic shear stress. With the ultimate goal of exploiting this delivery technique for clinical applications, we investigate how the chemical/rheological characteristics of the suspension and the properties of the RBCs in different animals influence the delivery mechanism. As regard the suspension of RBC, we study the effects induced by the hematocrit and by the presence of proteins such as albumin (Bovine Serum Albumin-BSA). Regarding the cellular properties of RBCs, we aim to investigate the exportability of the technique to the RBC of the most used animal models and identify the most suitable one. The presence of BSA implies a more significant variability of the intracellular delivery. However, 70 ÷ 94% of the cells have successfully encapsulated the probe molecule. Regarding the effect of hematocrit, however, the implementation of the experiment is more challenging due to the increase in viscosity and the easier sedimentation at low flow rates. Evaluation of intracellular delivery in the RBCs of various animal samples has instead led to the proposal of the mouse as the most suitable model for preclinical studies on this particular delivery approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue Behavior of the Auxetic Porous Bone Screw Under the Multiaxial Cyclic Loads in Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis.","authors":"Huiwen Huang, Jinglong Liu, Yan Yao, Lizhen Wang, Yubo Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03693-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03693-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The auxetic porous bone screw (AS) has favorable anti-pullout and osseointegration performance, demonstrating application potential in orthopedic surgeries. The uniaxial fatigue behavior of AS has been well understood. Considering that AS will withstand complex physiological loads in practical application, this study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of AS under the multiaxial loads in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AS and nonauxetic bone screw (NS) with the same porosity were designed based on re-entrant and hexagonal units, respectively. Finite element models of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis implanted with AS and NS were established. Based on the curves of ground reaction forces borne by foot during normal gait cycle, the multiaxial loading spectrums were created and applied to the models. The multiaxial fatigue simulations were conducted to calculate the fatigue life and principal stress distributions of bone screws.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the multiaxial loads in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, fatigue fracture was prone to occur in the AS and NS implanted in medial calcaneus. The minimum fatigue life and maximum principal stress of AS and NS were all located near the screw caps connected with the fixation plate. The tensile stress concentration of AS was significantly higher. The estimated fatigue life of AS and NS was approximately 46400 and 1820000 cycles, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fatigue life of AS was significantly lower than that of NS, which could not meet the fatigue resistance requirement during the recovery period of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. Local optimization should be conducted near the screw cap of AS to improve its multiaxial fatigue resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Morphological and Mechanical Property Differences in Trapeziometacarpal Ligaments of Healthy and Osteoarthritic Female Joints.","authors":"Lizzie Walker, Daniel Gordon, Alexander Chiaramonti, Shangping Wang, Zhaoxu Meng, Dane Daley, Elizabeth Slate, Hai Yao, Vincent D Pellegrini, Yongren Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03694-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10439-025-03694-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Apnea Detection Using EEG: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Shireen Fathima, Maaz Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s10439-025-03691-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-025-03691-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sleep Apnea (SA) affects an estimated 936 million adults globally, posing a significant public health concern. The gold standard for diagnosing SA, polysomnography, is costly and uncomfortable. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based SA detection is promising due to its ability to capture distinctive sleep stage-related characteristics across different sub-band frequencies. This study aims to review and analyze research from the past decade on the potential of EEG signals in SA detection and classification focusing on various deep learning and machine learning techniques, including signal decomposition, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification methodologies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and PICO guidelines was conducted across 5 databases for publications from January 2010 to December 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review involved screening a total of 402 papers, with 63 selected for in-depth analysis to provide valuable insights into the application of EEG signals for SA detection. The findings underscore the potential of EEG-based methods in improving SA diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights, showcasing significant advancements while identifying key areas for further exploration, thereby laying a strong foundation for future research in EEG-based SA detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}