Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Forage establishment method and sward height of annual ryegrass: Impact on sward structure and grazing behavior of sheep","authors":"Delma Fabíola Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Vicente José Laamon Pinto Simoes ,&nbsp;Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ,&nbsp;Rubia Dominschek ,&nbsp;Lidiane Fonseca ,&nbsp;Carolina Bremm ,&nbsp;Anibal de Moraes ,&nbsp;Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ,&nbsp;Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak ,&nbsp;Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensification of specialized agricultural systems, marked by continuous soil disturbance and monoculture, raises concerns about environmental sustainability. Conservation practices, such as no-till and integrated crop-livestock systems, may mitigate these impacts by enhancing soil health and optimizing resource use. However, the effects of forage establishment methods on sward structure and grazing behavior remain poorly understood. This study evaluated how different forage establishment methods (no-till vs. conventional tillage) influence sward structure and the short-term intake rate of Suffolk ewes grazing on annual ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em> Lam.). A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with two forage establishment methods and four sward heights (8, 16, 24, and 32 cm). Sward structure was assessed by fractionating herbage samples into morphological components (leaf blade, pseudostem + sheath, and dead material), quantifying biomass of other species, and determining herbage mass and bulk density using a 5 cm stratification method. Grazing behavior was recorded using IGER Behavior Recorders, and short-term intake rate (STIR) was estimated via the double-weighing technique. The no‑till system resulted in lower leaf blade and specific herbage mass at shorter sward heights and induced higher bite rates compared to conventional tillage. Under the conditions of this study, a sward height of 18 cm for annual ryegrass was associated with the highest intake rate, regardless of the forage establishment method. When sward height exceeded 21 cm, bite mass decreased, reinforcing the influence of sward structure on intake efficiency. These findings demonstrate that pasture establishment methods influence sward structure and grazing behavior, but they do not compromise STIR. A sward height of 18 cm provided favorable conditions for greater intake efficiency of annual ryegrass. While this value does not represent a definitive optimum, it serves as a reference for guiding grazing management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of chicory (Cichorium intybus) sward to improve growth performance and the fatty acid profile of rumen fluid, liver, muscle, and subcutaneous fat tissues of lamb","authors":"Pola Sidoruk ,&nbsp;Segun Olorunlowu ,&nbsp;Piotr Pawlak ,&nbsp;Dorota Lechniak ,&nbsp;Julia Sznajder ,&nbsp;Jakub Szczesny ,&nbsp;Jolanta Komisarek ,&nbsp;Matej Leško ,&nbsp;Daniel Petrič ,&nbsp;Sylwester Ślusarczyk ,&nbsp;Joanna Lechtanska ,&nbsp;Michaela Komáromyová ,&nbsp;Amlan Kumar Patra ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ,&nbsp;Marián Várady ,&nbsp;Zora Váradyová ,&nbsp;Adam Cieslak","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of chicory (<em>Cichorium intybus</em>) sward on the growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of rumen fluid, liver, muscle, serum, and subcutaneous fat tissues in lambs. Although chicory has been recognized for its nutritional and bioactive properties, limited research has explored its specific impact on tissue-specific fatty acid metabolism and gene expression in growing lambs under grazing conditions. This study hypothesized that chicory supplementation may reduce biohydrogenation and enhance FA concentrations, particularly n-3 FA in specific tissues. Sixteen Tsigai lambs (2–3 months old, 13.61 ± 2.85 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 grazing treatments: control group (natural meadow pasture) and experimental group (¼ chicory and ¾ natural meadow pasture). The animals were fed a commercial concentrate (300 g of dry matter/day) and meadow hay (<em>ad libitum</em>). The experiment lasted 145 days, and at the end, all the animals were slaughtered. Rumen fluid samples were collected immediately after slaughtering. Muscle samples from the <em>Longissimus dorsi</em> at the thirteenth thoracic rib, subcutaneous fat, liver, and blood samples were also collected from the lambs for FA analysis. Additionally, mRNA expressions of lipid metabolism genes in muscle, liver, and subcutaneous tissues were assessed. The results revealed that chicory supplementation increased daily weight gain, reduced the total saturated FA (SFA) content in rumen fluid, liver, and muscle, while increasing unsaturated FA (UFA) concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Notably, chicory-fed lambs exhibited a higher proportion of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,12, and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 in different samples compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle was significantly decreased. Furthermore, chicory influenced the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in muscle. In conclusion, chicory supplementation improved lamb growth and reduced SFA levels in rumen fluid, liver, and muscle, while increasing UFA, especially C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,12, and C18:3 cis-9,12,15. It also lowered the n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle and altered the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in muscle and fat tissues. These findings highlight chicory’s potential to improve meat quality and contribute to more sustainable lamb production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mannan oligosaccharides reduce the carbon footprint by decreasing methane emission and nitrogen excretion in Xiangdong black goats","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Huihui Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Sun ,&nbsp;Huiyu Fan ,&nbsp;Shengxin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hang Ran ,&nbsp;Chen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane emission represents both an environmental concern and a loss of feed energy for ruminants. This study investigated the effects of supplementing 2.0 % mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on energy utilization, nitrogen excretion, and methane emissions in twelve Xiangdong black goats. Compared to the control group, MOS supplementation significantly reduced CH₄ and CO₂ emissions, lowered fecal, urinary, and methane energy losses, and increased the energy retention rate of goats (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Numerically, MOS improved the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and net protein utilization while decreasing fecal nitrogen and urinary nitrogen excretion, although these effects were not statistically significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In addition, feeding MOS also reduced the activity of methyl-CoM, methyl-CoM reductase, electron branching enzyme and the abundance of <em>Methanobrevibacter</em> in the rumen of goats, though these effects were not statistically significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Most importantly, MOS enhanced the activity of the acetogenic bacteria <em>Acetitomaculum</em> and <em>Prevotella</em>, which enhanced their ability to compete with methanogens for H₂ and reduced CH₄ emissions. It can be concluded that MOS can improve the rumen micro-ecological environment, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients and reduce the carbon footprint of Xiangdong black goats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of reduced-protein diets with varying ingredient combinations on broiler chickens’ performance, body composition and nutrient utilization","authors":"Damilola U. Kareem ,&nbsp;Juliano Cesar P. Dorigam ,&nbsp;Matheus P. Reis ,&nbsp;Rony Riveros ,&nbsp;Audasley T. Fialho ,&nbsp;Larissa M. Pereira ,&nbsp;Rosiane S. Camargos ,&nbsp;Bruno B. Leme ,&nbsp;Nilva K. Sakomura","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ingredient availability is a factor that could impact nutrient utilization and consequently broiler performance, especially when feeding reduced crude protein (<strong>CP</strong>) diet. In this study, 2304 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allotted into nine treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. All birds were offered a common starter diet from 0 to 7d. On d8, they were assigned to treatments in groups of eight replicates of 32 birds each. The experimental diets were formulated based on three cereal combinations – corn; wheat-corn; sorghum-wheat, each of three CP levels: control CP, 20 g/kg CP reduction (LCP20), and 40 g/kg CP reduction (LCP40). The CP levels of 230, 210, and 190 g/kg (grower I); 215, 195, and 175 g/kg CP (grower II); and 205, 185, and 165 g/kg (finisher) were maintained. The feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) was similar and superior in broilers fed the control and LCP20 diets during the early growth phase (8–28 days) but worsened during the finisher phase. Protein and fat intake declined with lower CP level. Fat deposition increased while nitrogen (<strong>N</strong>) excretion reduced with lower CP levels. Corn-based diets had highest carcass weight and breast yield at all levels of CP. Wheat-corn and sorghum-wheat diets gave similar results up to 20 g/kg CP reduction. Amino acid (<strong>AA</strong>) digestibility increased as dietary protein reduced. Broilers fed wheat-corn or sorghum-wheat diets showed lower but comparable body weight gain (<strong>BWG</strong>), and up to 20 g/kg CP reduction, BWG was unaffected regardless of diet composition. However, broilers on corn-based diets demonstrated improved FCR. These findings suggest that wheat-corn or sorghum-wheat diet may yield similar performance to corn in broilers when dietary CP is reduced up to 20 g/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of supplementation of calf starter with licorice root powder on growth performance, blood metabolites and fermentation characteristics in Holstein dairy calves","authors":"O. Dayani ,&nbsp;M. Haliroodi ,&nbsp;M.M. Sharifi Hosseini ,&nbsp;M. Jeshari","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the pre-weaning calf performance, weaning age and rumen fermentation responses to dietary supplementation of the calf starter with different levels of licorice root powder (LRP). The experiment was conducted with 3 treatments and 12 replicates as a completely randomized design. Thirty-six Holstein calves (birth weight 40 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (1) starter with no additive (control), (2) starter diet with 2.5 % of LRP, and (3) starter diet with 5 % LRP. Supplementation of the starter diets with LRP linearly increased the dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily weight gain of the calves, and reduced weaning age compared to the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was no significant effect on rumen pH but ruminal NH₃N concentration was linearly lower in calves fed with LRP than the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic acid and butyric acid were not affected by LRP supplementation. The concentration of propionic acid in calves fed with 5 % level of LRP was significantly higher than the control group but the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid was significantly lower in the calves that received LRP in their starter feed and these changes followed a linear trend (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Calves that were fed with 5 % LRP recorded linearly higher glucose concentrations than the control group and those receiving 2.5 % LRP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The treatments did not affect total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin and triglycerides. Calves feeding on the 5 % LRP diet recorded lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than the control group as linear trend (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). It was concluded that supplementing the starter diet with licorice root powder can beneficially affect growth performance and enhance rumen fermentation in suckling calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different extrusion conditions and pellet size on the physical properties of extruded fish feeds","authors":"Romi Novriadi ,&nbsp;T. Gibson Gaylord ,&nbsp;Guillaume Salze ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents useful information on how different temperature profiles during the extrusion process affect the physical quality properties of the extrudates. In this study, feed mixtures were extruded using a twin-screw extruder; the barrel temperature profile was set at 110 °C for cooking extrusion process, and no additional heat for cold process. Four extruded diets were designed: D2LT and D4LT for 2 mm and 4 mm diet produced with cold process, respectively, and D2HT and D4HT for 2 mm and 4 mm diet produced with cooking extrusion. Pellet durability index (PDI), expansion ratio (ER), sinking velocity (SV), water stability (WS) and water absorption index (WAI) were affected with the temperature condition. The pellets produced with cooking extrusion had a higher PDI, SV, WAI and WS compared to cold process (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant difference in terms of ER between the extruded diet processed with different temperature at the same particle size. Reducing particle size from 4 mm to 2 mm significantly affect the PDI, WAI. SV, WAI and WS in cooking extrusion diet. In cold process, the significant differences were found in PDI, ER, and WS, but no significant differences in SV and WAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fat powder replacement of soybean oil modulates muscle fatty acids, liver morphology and oxidation, and intestinal lipid metabolism-related gene expression in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Lina Bai ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Jilin Xu ,&nbsp;Fengjun Xie ,&nbsp;Kai Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aquaculture, maintaining dietary lipid stability is crucial for ensuring fish health and optimizing feed efficiency. Traditional methods of direct liquid oil incorporation into feeds often result in nutrient degradation by oxidation, adversely affecting the health and growth performance of aquatic species. Fat powder (FP) serves as a potential alternative to traditional liquid oils, enhancing feed oxidative stability and improving nutrient absorption. However, the effects of FP application in aquaculture feeds remain unclear, particularly for largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). An 8-week feeding trial evaluated soybean oil (SO) replacement with FP (0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) in 480 juvenile largemouth bass (initial weight: 10.26 ± 0.03 g), assessing growth, whole-body proximate composition, muscle fatty acid profile, hepatic and intestinal histology, hepatic and serum biochemical indices, and intestinal lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Results revealed no significant differences in final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) among all groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, whole-body crude protein content was significantly increased in the 75FP and 100FP groups (55.32 ± 1.37 and 55.88 ± 0.32) compared to the SO group (53.04 ± 0.34, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Muscle docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration was significantly higher in the 75FP and 100FP groups (9.43 ± 0.1131 and 9.14 ± 0.0557) than the SO group (8.86 ± 0.1526, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). All FP substitution groups showed significantly elevated muscle n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios (0.85 ± 0.0060, 0.88 ± 0.0062 and 0.97 ± 0.0022) compared to the SO group (0.76 ± 0.0104, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the 50FP and 100FP groups (1.12 ± 0.12 and 1.3 ± 0.23) compared to the SO group (0.78 ± 0.04, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, hepatic sections showed nuclear displacement toward the cell membrane and mild hepatic lipid accumulation in the 100FP group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, intestinal expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>cpt1</em> and <em>atgl</em>) was significantly upregulated in the 75FP group compared to the SO group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while the expression of lipogenesis-related genes (<em>fas</em>, <em>pparγ</em> and <em>srebp1</em>) was significantly downregulated in the 50FP group compared to the SO group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that FP’s substitution levels must be optimized to balance nutritional benefits against oxidative stress, providing a new insight for lipid source selection in aquaculture feed formulation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The use of Corn fermented protein as a protein source complement with soybean meal in practical diets in pond and tank based production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).”","authors":"Cristhian F. San Andres ,&nbsp;Khanh Q. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Jairo A. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Arnold J. Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Melanie A. Rhodes ,&nbsp;Julio García ,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of cost-effective ingredients that assure growth and health has demanded more attention in the past few decades. The ethanol industry has developed new corn co-products, such as corn fermented protein (CFP) containing 50 % crude protein and less fiber, which are attractive protein sources for feeds. The current study assesses the efficacy of CFP in Pacific white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> feeds cultured under pond conditions and outdoor tanks. Four isonitrogenous (35 %) and isolipidic (8 %) extruded diets were formulated to partially reduce soybean meal as the inclusion of CFP increased (0, 5, 10 and 20 %). The pond trial was conducted in 16 ponds (0.1 ha) stocked with 0.032 g shrimp at 25 shrimp m⁻², over an 82-day of culture period. Feed was delivered using passive acoustic feeders from AQ1. At the conclusion of the pond trial, whole body analysis revealed a significant increase in phosphorous retention at 20 % of inclusion of CFP, (P = 0.009). There were no significant differences(P &gt; 0.05) in shrimp production endpoints among dietary treatments. For the outdoor tank trial juvenile shrimp (0.197 ± 0.006 g) were stocked at 35 shrimp m⁻² in 16 tanks (800-L), over an experimental period of 8 weeks. At the conclusion of the trial, no significant difference was found in feed conversion ratio, growth or survival among dietary treatments. The outcomes from both these trials indicate that CFP can be used up to 20 % of the inclusion level in the diets of Pacific white shrimp without compromising growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the inclusion of a rumen-protected B-vitamin blend and hydroxy trace minerals in the diets of confined Nellore cattle on performance and cecal and ruminal histology","authors":"Maria Carolina Gonçalves de Arruda ,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Nazaré Santos Torres ,&nbsp;Daniela Bernadete Rozza ,&nbsp;Luis Arthur Loyola Chardulo ,&nbsp;Welder Angelo Baldassini ,&nbsp;Rogério Abdallah Curi ,&nbsp;Guilherme Luis Pereira ,&nbsp;Iasmin Myrele Santos Calaça de Farias ,&nbsp;Marco Aurélio Porcionato ,&nbsp;Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing grain inclusion in the diets of feedlot cattle is associated with elevated oxidative stress, which may affect performance and meat quality. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementing rumen-protected B-complex vitamins and hydroxy trace minerals (HTM), specifically Cu and Zn (VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn)), in the diets of confined Nellore cattle fed different starch levels on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, cecal histopathology, and rumen health. The experimental followed a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two factors: starch level (high or low) and the inclusion of VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn). The finishing period was divided into two phases. In the first phase (days 1–55) 120 Nellore bulls were allocated to two treatments: high starch (HS) and high starch with VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) (HSVI). In the second phase (days 56–108), half of the animals were switched to a low-starch diet, resulting in four treatment groups: high starch (HS), high starch with VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) (HSVI), low starch (LS), and low starch with VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) (LSVI). The inclusion of VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on feed intake or performance during both the first phase (days 1–55) and the second phase (days 56–108) of feedlot finishing. However, over the entire finishing period (108 days), animals fed a high-starch diet showed improved feed efficiency (P = 0.010), increased thickness of the keratinized epithelium (P = 0.051), and reduced drip loss (P = 0.023) and cooking loss (P = 0.042) in meat, along with a reduction in papilla surface area (P = 0.001). The inclusion of VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) in the diet increased papilla width (P = 0.051) in both high- and low-starch diets and improved meat color in animals fed low-starch diets. Supplementation with VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) did not affect the histopathological parameters of the cecum in confined Nellore cattle fed diets with different levels of starch. However, VitB+HTM(Cu+Zn) supplementation improved meat quality in animals fed low-starch diets and enhanced rumen health in confined Nellore cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use and application of hybrid rye in diets for weanling, growing, and reproducing swine: A review","authors":"Jessica P. Acosta ,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rye is a cereal grain that has not been used in diets for pigs in large amounts due to concerns of ergot contamination, anti-nutritional factors that reduce growth performance, and poor palatability. However, the cross-pollinating characteristic of rye has resulted in development of hybrid rye varieties that are resilient to environmental stressors, have less ergot contamination, and have greater yield potential compared with conventional population varieties, which has increased its use as an alternative ingredient in pig diets. This review summarizes current knowledge about energy and nutrient composition, digestibility of energy and nutrients, and recommended inclusion rates of hybrid rye in diets for weanling, growing, finishing, and reproducing swine. Effects of feeding hybrid rye on growth performance, intestinal health, and meat quality are also discussed. As a cereal grain, hybrid rye contains around 600 g/kg starch, which has an ileal digestibility of 0.90–0.95 by pigs. Hybrid rye has a greater concentration of soluble dietary fiber compared with wheat and corn, and the apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber is greater than 0.65, which is also greater than in other cereal grains. Hybrid rye has greater concentrations of most standardized ileal digestible amino acids than corn, but less than in barley and wheat. Metabolizable energy is also less in hybrid rye than in corn and wheat because of the greater concentration of dietary fiber. Hybrid rye has the greatest intrinsic phytase activity among cereal grains, which results in greater standardized total tract digestibility of P compared with other cereal grains. Hybrid rye can replace up to 600 g/kg of barley, wheat, or corn in diets for weanling pigs, and up to 800 g/kg in diets for growing-finishing pigs without negatively affecting growth performance, animal health, or carcass quality. Likewise, hybrid rye may replace at least 500 g/kg of corn in diets for sows without negatively impacting reproductive performance. The dietary fiber in hybrid rye may influence the intestinal microbiome of pigs, potentially improving intestinal health and immune response. In conclusion, hybrid rye can be used in diets for pigs at all stages of production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}