Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"The latest insights and perspectives on chitosan supplementation driving ruminant feed efficiency and sustainability","authors":"Siwaporn Piboonkunsamlit,&nbsp;Chanon Suntara,&nbsp;Anusorn Cherdthong","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ruminant production faces challenges such as low feed efficiency and methane emissions, contributing to environmental issues. Feed additives, particularly chitosan, show promise in enhancing feed efficiency, reducing methane emissions, and promoting animal health. Chitosan, a bioactive compound derived from chitin found in shrimp shells and insects, enhances rumen fermentation by promoting beneficial microorganisms and inhibiting pathogens, leading to improved feed conversion efficiency. This review examines the mechanisms of chitosan action, including its ability to alter ruminal microbial populations, reduce methane production, and improve volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profiles, particularly by increasing propionic acid levels. <em>In vitro</em> studies show that chitosan can reduce methane emissions by up to 42 %, mainly by affecting microbial hydrogen utilization. Additionally, chitosan supplementation can enhance immune function, reduce oxidative stress, and improve production parameters such as milk yield and quality, although results vary across species and experimental conditions. Chitosan enhances meat quality by improving fatty acid profiles, notably increasing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels. Chitosan supplementation enhances ruminant productivity and reduces environmental impact. However, its high production cost limits economic viability for small-scale farmers. Additionally, its application requires optimization across different ruminant species to ensure consistent results. Future research should emphasize assessing long-term effects on health, meat quality, and marbling, supported by quantitative data. Developing cost-effective production methods using locally available materials is crucial. Promising alternatives like black soldier fly larvae, which are rich in chitosan (64.22 %) and sustainable, should be explored further to enhance chitosan production with focused research and practical innovations. Overall, chitosan shows significant potential as a sustainable feed additive to enhance ruminant productivity while mitigating environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of choline on reproductive performance, egg quality, and ovarian morphological development in laying geese","authors":"Wenfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Rongchao Ji ,&nbsp;Zhiyue Wang ,&nbsp;Haiming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to explore appropriate dietary choline concentrations in laying geese based on the evaluation of it’s effect on reproductive performance, egg quality, ovarian morphology, ovarian development, serum hormone concentrations, and gene expression of reproductive hormone-related receptors in laying geese. 94-week-old Yangzhou geese (n = 648) were randomly allocated into six groups, each with six replicates of 18 birds, corresponding to a choline supplementation of 0 (control), 200 (<strong>C200</strong>), 400 (<strong>C400</strong>), 600 (<strong>C600</strong>), 800 (<strong>C800</strong>), and 1000 (<strong>C1000</strong>) mg/kg, with choline concentrations at 328, 510, 755, 955, 1149, and 1314 mg/kg in the feed for 56 days, respectively. The average daily feed intake (<strong>ADFI</strong>) and the feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) were decreased, whereas the egg production rates (<strong>EPR</strong>), total number of eggs, total weight of eggs, albumen height, yolk color, geese’s serum testosterone (<strong>T</strong>), estradiol (<strong>E</strong>_{<strong>2</strong>}) and progesterone (<strong>P</strong>_{<strong>4</strong>}) were increased in C400 and C600 compared to the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The number of small white follicles (<strong>SWF</strong>) was more in C600 compared to the control and C400 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The total weight of graded follicles (<strong>GF</strong>) was increased in C400 compared to the other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The estrogen receptor 1 (<em><strong>ESR1</strong></em>) mRNA expression levels were higher in C600, C800, and C1000 than in control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor 2 (<em><strong>ESR2</strong></em>) were lower in C200 to C1000 than in control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The ADFI, FCR, EPR, total number of eggs, total weight of eggs, total weight of GF, and geese serum T, E₂, P₄ showed significant quadratic fitting within the choline concentration range of 784–913 mg/kg. A range of 784–913 mg/kg choline is recommended to improve the reproductive performance of laying geese via promoting the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There are only minor differences among soybeans grown in different areas of the United States in nutrient composition and digestibility of amino acids by growing pigs","authors":"N.C. Ruiz-Arias ,&nbsp;S.A. Lee ,&nbsp;H.H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition of full-fat soybeans (FFSB) from different regions of the United States (source 01, 02, 03, 04, and 05) and to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) by growing pigs of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) among FFSB sources regardless of where in the United States they were grown. The ground soybeans were extruded and analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, AA, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, sugars, and trypsin inhibitors. In the SID experiment, each source of FFSB was included in one diet as the only source of AA and a N-free diet was formulated to determine basal endogenous losses of AA; thus, a total of six diets were prepared. Six growing barrows (initial body weight: 85.50 ± 3.34 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets and six 7-day periods. Ileal digesta were collected from the cannulas on days 6 and 7 of each period and SID of CP and AA was calculated. Results indicated that the main nutrients in FFSB were CP, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, and insoluble dietary fiber with an average of 338.0, 171.9, and 176.4 g per kg, respectively. The FFSB also contained an average of 10.3 g per kg starch, 112.5 g per kg sugars, 54.4 g per kg ash, and 21.3 MJ per kg gross energy. The unanalyzed rest fraction in FFSB was 20.6 g per kg on average. Results from the SID experiment demonstrated that there were no differences among the five sources of FFSB for the SID of CP and AA, except that the SID of Glu in FFSB source 02 was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in FFSB source 01. There was also a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for the SID of Arg, Gly, and Tyr to be greater in FFSB source 02 compared with FFSB source 01 and the SID of Tyr in FFSB source 02 also tended (P <em>&lt;</em> 0.10) to be greater than in FFSB sources 04 and 05. In conclusion, only minor differences in chemical composition among five sources of FFSB grown in different regions of the United States were observed and the SID of CP and the majority of indispensable AA were not different among the five sources indicating that growing region does not affect digestibility of AA in FFSB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tannin variation in tree fodder from temperate climates and implications for methane emissions from enteric fermentation","authors":"Nurul Fitri Sari ,&nbsp;Kirsty E. Kliem ,&nbsp;Lindsay Whistance ,&nbsp;Jo Smith ,&nbsp;Antonio Natalello ,&nbsp;Christos Christodoulou ,&nbsp;Les A. Crompton ,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou ,&nbsp;Partha Ray ,&nbsp;Caroline Rymer ,&nbsp;Sokratis Stergiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A field trial evaluated the effects of tree species, plant fractions, and season on the dry matter degradability (&lt;strong&gt;DMd&lt;/strong&gt;) and tannin profiles of three tree species (&lt;em&gt;Salix caprea,&lt;/em&gt; goat willow (&lt;strong&gt;GW&lt;/strong&gt;); &lt;em&gt;Quercus&lt;/em&gt; robur, common oak; &lt;em&gt;Acer campestre.&lt;/em&gt;, maple). Leaf and twig samples were collected monthly from five trees per species between June and September in Berkshire, UK. Total condensed tannins (&lt;strong&gt;CTs&lt;/strong&gt;) concentrations were determined using a Butanol−HCl assay and tannin profiling (mean degree of polymerization (&lt;strong&gt;mDP&lt;/strong&gt;), and concentrations of procyanidins (&lt;strong&gt;PC&lt;/strong&gt;), prodelphinidins (&lt;strong&gt;PD&lt;/strong&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;cis&lt;/em&gt;- and &lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt;- flavan-3-ols) were measured via &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; thiolysis assay. &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; total DMd was determined using the ANKOM Daisy II system. Data were analysed using linear mixed models with tree species, plant fractions, month, and their interactions as fixed factors, and tree ID (nested within species) as a random factor. Goat willow had the highest (P &lt; 0.05) DMd, total CTs concentrations, mDP, and &lt;em&gt;trans&lt;/em&gt; flavan-3-ols. Oak had the highest (P &lt; 0.001) PD concentrations. Maple had the highest final DM, soluble losses, and concentrations of PC, and &lt;em&gt;cis&lt;/em&gt; flavan-3-ols. Across all tree species, leaves had a higher (P &lt; 0.001) DMd, soluble losses, and total CTs concentrations, and lower DM (P &lt; 0.001) and mDP (P = 0.043) concentrations than twigs. Soluble losses and DMd increased (P &lt; 0.001) with season, from June to September, while the highest (P = 0.001) DM content was observed in August. Tannin profiles did not vary with seasons, except for the highest (P &lt; 0.001) mDP concentrations in June compared with other months. The impacts of high-PC (96 % in CTs; HPC) and high-PD (73 % in CTs; HPD) GW on total gas and methane (&lt;strong&gt;CH&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) production were assessed &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt;. Experimental diets were 100 % grass silage (GS, control), HPC (80:20 grass silage:HPC GW), HPD (80:20 grass silage: HPD GW), plus two diets with the addition of polyethylene glycol (&lt;strong&gt;PEG&lt;/strong&gt;) in the HPC and HPD to neutralise tannins. Diets were incubated for 72 h in rumen fluid: medium at 1:9 v/v in triplicate. Gas pressure (psi transducer) and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations (gas chromatography) were measured throughout. Volatile fatty acids (&lt;strong&gt;VFA&lt;/strong&gt;) concentrations and DMd were assessed at 72 h. Data were analysed by linear mixed models using dietary treatment as a fixed factor and batch run (1−3) as a random factor. HPC, HPD, HPC+PEG, and HPD+PEG diets had lower (P &lt; 0.001) DMd and 72 h production of cumulative gas and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; than Grass silage (&lt;strong&gt;GS&lt;/strong&gt;). Grass silage produced more (P &lt; 0.001) total VFA and acetic acid concentrations than the four GW diets and less (P &lt; 0.001) butyric acid than HPD. This study conclud","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of intact proteins and purified amino acids in determining the methionine requirement in practical diets of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Stephanie F. Velasquez ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis ,&nbsp;Alexis Weldon","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As there is no consensus on the efficacy of purified amino acids in shrimp feed, two approaches were designed to evaluate the methionine requirement in practical diets for <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. The first approach used intact proteins to produce both a deficient and a replete diet. These diets were then co-mixed to create varying levels of methionine using intact proteins. The second approach supplemented a basal diet with pure methionine to create a replete diet and again co-mix the two diets to produce different methionine levels. Hence, three main diets were made, which included a deficient basal diet (B, 0.48 % methionine), a replete diet (M, 0.85 % methionine) that used DL-Met for the first trial, and a dipeptide Met (Met-Met)-supplemented diet for the second trial, and a replete diet (C, 0.84 % methionine), which contained corn protein concentrate to increase the level of methionine. Ten experimental diets were produced by blending the deficient diet with the replete diet which resulted in graded levels of methionine - B100, B70:M30, M100, B90:C10, B80:C20, B70:C30, B60:C40, B40:C60. B20:C80, and C100. Experimental diets were then fed to shrimp (15/aquaria) in 60 randomly assigned aquaria (55.8 L) with a mean initial weight of 0.45 ± 0.002 g over a 54-day growth trial (Trial 1) and 0.23 ± 0.0001 g over a 42-day growth trial (Trial 2). All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic (36 % protein and 8 % lipid, as is), with the basal diet formulated with fishmeal and lentil meal as the primary protein sources and whole wheat as a carbohydrate source. Significant differences were observed in weight gain as well as shrimp whole body amino acids namely alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, proline, and taurine for Trial 1 and cysteine, glycine, threonine, and taurine for Trial 2. The optimal dietary methionine requirement of <em>L. vannamei</em>, estimated by a one-slope broken-line regression analysis model based on weight gain% was 0.67 % of the dry diet (equivalent to 1.85 % of dietary protein on a dry-weight basis) for Trial 1 and at 0.56 % of the dry diet (equivalent to 1.55 % of dietary protein on a dry-weight basis) for Trial 2. For thermal growth unit coefficient the optimal dietary methionine requirement of <em>L. vannamei,</em> estimated by a one-slope broken-line regression analysis model was at 0.66 % of the dry diet (equivalent to 1.82 % of dietary protein on a dry-weight basis) for Trial 1 and at 0.61 % of the dry diet (equivalent to 1.68 % of dietary protein on a dry-weight basis) for Trial 2. Findings from these trials confirm that, in the presence of replete cystine, that a conservative methionine requirement of 0.61 % diet (1.68 % protein) is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and/or direct feeding of organic acid-preserved cereal grains improves performance and digestive health of pigs from birth to slaughter","authors":"Shane Maher ,&nbsp;Torres Sweeney ,&nbsp;Stafford Vigors ,&nbsp;John V. O’Doherty","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal and/or direct feeding of organic acid (OA)-preserved cereal grains compared to conventionally dried grains on pig growth performance to slaughter, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics. On day 100 of gestation, 80 sows were blocked by parity, body weight (BW), and back-fat thickness and assigned to one of two diets (dried or preserved grain) until weaning. From day 10 postpartum, their progeny were assigned to one of two diets (dried or preserved grain) resulting in four dietary treatments: (1) dried (sow)-dried (progeny), (2) dried-preserved, (3) preserved-dried, and (4) preserved-preserved (n = 20 litters per treatment). Pigs remained in these groups post-weaning (PW) and were monitored until slaughter at 142 days PW (n = 10 pens per treatment). Additionally, faecal samples from pigs in the dried-dried and preserved-preserved groups were collected for microbial analysis throughout production. Progeny from sows fed preserved grain had improved gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) between days 0–14 and 62–142 PW, with enhanced coefficients of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and gross energy (GE) on day 30 PW and CATTD of nitrogen (N) at slaughter compared to those from sows fed dried grain (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs directly fed preserved grain exhibited higher daily gain from weaning to slaughter, improved G:F from day 14 PW, and greater BW from day 30 PW compared to those directly fed dried grain (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed preserved grain showed increased CATTD of DM, OM, N, and GE on day 30 PW and at slaughter (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, these pigs had higher carcass weight, kill-out percentage, and muscle depth at slaughter (P &lt; 0.01). Pigs in the preserved-preserved group had higher microbial diversity at weaning and on day 30 PW, with beneficial taxa such as <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Propionibacterium,</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium</em> enriched at key production stages compared to those in the dried-dried group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal feeding of preserved grain improved progeny feed efficiency and CATTD of nutrients, while direct feeding enhanced pig growth performance, CATTD of nutrients, and carcass characteristics. Combined maternal and direct feeding of preserved grain also improved microbial health throughout production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing defense and production efficiency in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through prophylactic dietary selenium and vitamin E fortification","authors":"Said Jasim Shah ,&nbsp;Noor Khan ,&nbsp;Mahroze Fatima ,&nbsp;Sheeza Bano ,&nbsp;Ayesha Tanveer ,&nbsp;Sadia Nazir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asghar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mustafa ,&nbsp;Maryam Tahir ,&nbsp;Saba Aftab ,&nbsp;Alex Hing Leung Wan ,&nbsp;Simon John Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation determined the effects of dietary concentrations of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) alone or in combination on rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) fingerlings over a 90-day trial. The levels of selenium and vitamin E and their combinations were chosen on the basis of requirements for this species but also for supra-nutritional assessment reported in the literature for other species and salmonids. Diets for rainbow trout cultured intensively in Pakistan may be relatively deficient in selenium and vitamin E contents because of economic considerations and poorer quality feeds. Seven experimental diets were therefore formulated with the inclusion of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₂) and vitamin E alone and mixed at defined ratios, i.e., 3S (mg kg¹), 6S (mg kg¹), 160E (mg kg¹), 280E (mg kg¹), 1.5S/80E (mg kg¹) and 4.5S/90E (mg kg¹), and a diet without any supplementation was designated the control (Table 1), with 3 replicates per treatment group. At the end of the trial, a direct pathogen challenge study was conducted on rainbow trout exposed to <em>Aeromonas salmonicida</em> bacteria for 14 days. Compared with those fed the control or other diets, rainbow trout fed the 1.5S/80E and 4.5S/90E diets presented significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) greater final weights, net weight gains (NWGs), and specific growth rates (SGRs). The fish fed the 3S and 6S diets presented a nonsignificant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) increase in growth performance. Hematological parameters, i.e., red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), the mean corpuscular value (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, and white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) elevated in the fish fed selenium and vitamin E alone or in combination compared with the control fish. The mortality rate was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) high in the control, while the lowest mortality rate was observed in the fish fed higher levels of selenium and vitamin E in combination with 1.5S/80E and 4.5S/90E. Compared with the control, 3S and 6S diets, supplementation with vitamin E alone or in combination with selenium (160E, 280E, 1.5S/80E, and 4.5S/90E) improved the phagocytic activity of white blood cells in rainbow trout against stress after bacterial pathogenic challenge. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E significantly enhances the growth performance, hematological profile, and phagocytic activity of white blood cells against infection and reduces mortality in rainbow trout fingerlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sucralose supplementation on rumen bacterial community, kynuronine pathway and feeding behavior in small-tailed Han sheep","authors":"Xiyi Hu ,&nbsp;Nianlong Pang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhennan Wang ,&nbsp;Fukuan Li ,&nbsp;Junjian Yang ,&nbsp;Jingxin Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Mingfa Sun ,&nbsp;Shenjin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial sweeteners promote feeding behavior in animals. So far, the effect of artificial sweeteners on the structure and metabolites of rumen microbiota has rarely been studied, and the mechanism promoting feeding is unknown. Twelve ewes were divided into two groups: CK and sucralose 300 (SUC300) groups. The dosage of sucralose in the diet was 0 and 300 mg/kg dry matter, respectively. The results showed that sucralose increased feeding behavior in the SUC300 group. Besides, sucralose increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and had no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) contents in serum. Next, we compared the rumen flora and metabolites of the CK and SUC300 groups. The rumen bacterial community significantly changed in the SUC300 group, with the abundance of <em>Ralstonia</em>, <em>Dialister</em>, <em>Streptococcus,</em> and <em>Blautia</em> being relatively higher in the SUC300 than in the CK group. One hundred and thirteen different expressed metabolites were detected. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis illustrated that four key metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, were enriched in the SUC300 group. L-kynurenine abundance decreased in the SUC300 group, which was negatively correlated with <em>Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Blautia,</em> and <em>Dorea</em> and positively correlated with <em>Ruminococcaceae_Ruminococcus</em> and <em>Coprococcus</em>. This study demonstrated that the supplementation of sucralose may reshaped ruminal microorganisms and impacted metabolites by restraining tryptophan metabolism to the kynurenine pathway, promoting 5-HT levels in the blood pool in a way that feeding behavior was enhanced in small-tailed Han sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vegetable oils on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, lactation performance, and milk fatty acid composition in cattle: A meta-analysis","authors":"Yiran Xin,&nbsp;Honghong Sun,&nbsp;Siwen Liu,&nbsp;Bohua Lan,&nbsp;Gangkui Zhao,&nbsp;Siqi Yin,&nbsp;Linsen Zan,&nbsp;Chunping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116286","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vegetable oil, a widely used energy source, is frequently added to livestock and poultry feed to enhance energy density. However, its effects on cattle production have been inconsistent across various studies. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of vegetable oils on cattle traits using meta-analysis and sub-group analysis, quantify these effects through meta-regression, and develop dosage-response models linking cattle traits to vegetable oil supplementation. Data from 146 articles were included in this study following strict selection criteria. The results showed that vegetable oils reduced TDMI by 0.649 kg/d, OM intake by 0.748 kg DM/d, CP intake by 0.176 kg DM/d, NDF intake by 0.272 kg DM/d, DM digestibility by 1.091 %, NDF digestibility by 1.619 %, total VFAs by 3.864 mmol/L, the concentration of N-NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; by 0.734 mg/100 mL, acetate by 1.080 mol/100 mol, butyrate by 0.397 mol/100 mol, acetate/propionate by 0.277, milk protein concentration by 0.042 %, milk fat concentration by 0.365 %, fat yield by 88.961 g/d, and the concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, and C18:3 in milk. They also increased in EE intake by 0.303 kg DM/d, CP digestibility by 1.379 %, EE digestibility by 8.011 %, rumen pH by 0.039, propionate concentration by 1.248 mol/100 mol, milk yield by 0.413 kg/d, lactose yield by 24.329 g/d, and the concentrations of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:0. Sub-group analysis of cattle categories revealed that vegetable oil supplementing in lactating cattle diets resulted in increases in body weight by 9.384 kg, CP digestibility by 0.850 %, and ruminal pH by 0.036. However, vegetable oils supplementing in non-lactating cattle diets led to an increase in isovalerate concentration by 0.051 mol/100 mol and decreases in N-NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; concentration by 1.469 mg/100 mL and digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF by 2.292 %, 1.964 %, and 3.406 %, respectively. The regression analysis indicated the linear or quadratic response of cattle traits to the supplemental amount of vegetable oils. Total dry matter intake, OM intake, total VFAs, acetate, butyrate, milk protein, milk fat, and fat yield exhibited quadratic relationships with the dosage of some kinds of vegetable oils. Additionally, several traits had linear relationships with some vegetable oils. For instance, a 1 % increase of linseed oil resulted in a 0.120 kg/d decrease in CP intake; a 1 % increase of soybean oil led to a 0.133 kg/d decrease in NDF intake; a 1 % increase in safflower oil led to a 0.145 % decrease in milk fat; a 1 % increase of safflower oil resulted in a 61.050 g/d decrease in fat yield. In summary, supplemental vegetable oils can significantly alter intake and growth, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, lactation performance, and milk fatty acid composition in cattle. However, the magnitude of these effects depends on cattle categories, the type of vegetable oils, and the supplemental amo","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates high-fat diet-induced growth retardation and gut injury in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by modulating gut mucosal barrier and microbiota","authors":"Weijun Chen,&nbsp;Shiyang Gao,&nbsp;Ping Sun,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Zhenyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation was to validate the alleviating effect of sodium butyrate on high-fat diet-induced gut injury and growth inhibition in largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). Five diets were designed: four high-fat diets (18 % crude lipid) supplemented with sodium butyrate at 0 % (HF), 0.05 % (HFS1), 0.1 % (HFS2), and 0.2 % (HFS3), as well as a control diet (C, 10 % crude lipid). Three tanks (30 fish each tank) were randomly allocated to each diet. Fish (4.0 g) were fed to apparent satiation for sixty days. Results indicated that HF dramatically reduced fish growth and induced oxidative stress, mucosal barrier dysfunction, gut inflammation, and gut dysbiosis compared to C. However, in comparison to HF, HFS1, HFS2, and HFS3 diets significantly promoted feed intake and weight gain rate, relieved oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant defense (e.g., total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) and reducing malondialdehyde content, enhanced mucosal barrier by upregulating the expression of occludin, mucin3a, zona occluding-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and lysozyme, and reduced inflammation by downregulating the expression levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HFS1 and HFS3 dramatically reduced Tenericutes and <em>Mesomycoplasma</em> abundance, whereas HFS1 increased <em>Lactococcus</em> abundance when compared to HF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between fish growth and gut injury with mucosal barrier proteins and gut microbiota (e.g., Tenericutes, <em>Mesomycoplasam</em>, and <em>Lactococcus</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings suggested that sodium butyrate can help mitigate the detrimental effects of high-fat diets on fish growth and gut health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}