Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of cottonseed protein hydrolysate for replacing fish meal in diets of juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)","authors":"Yuliang Wei ,&nbsp;Yuhan Fan ,&nbsp;Yanlu Li ,&nbsp;Chenchen Bian ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Mengqing Liang ,&nbsp;Houguo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was to evaluate cottonseed protein hydrolysate (CPH) as a replacement for fish meal in diets for juvenile tiger puffer (<em>Takifugu rubripes</em>). A commercial CPH that can be applied on a large scale was chosen for the present study. Five diets containing about 470 g/kg crude protein were formulated with incremental levels of CPH at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 g/kg (CPH0, CPH3, CPH6, CPH12 and CPH24) of dry matter to replace fish meal. Tiger puffer (initial body weight: 11.69 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned in 15, 200-L tanks and fed twice daily to apparent satiation during the 8-week period. Fish fed diets (CPH3, CPH6, CPH12 and CPH24) containing CPH exhibited numerically higher of growth parameters (final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate) compared to the control group (CPH0), while no significant differences were observed. Feed conversion ratio and protein conversion ratio showed a linear or quadratic relationship with dietary CPH level, and CPH replaced fish meal up to 78.95 g/kg and 127.13 g/kg respectively without compromising on these two parameters of feed utilization. In the intestine, the expression of <em>pept1</em> for peptide transport, and the expression of <em>asct2</em>, <em>b</em>^<em>0</em><em>at1</em>, <em>b</em>^<em>0,+</em><em>at</em>, <em>y</em>^<em>+</em><em>lat1</em>, <em>snat2</em> and <em>eaat3</em> for amino acid transport were down-regulated in fish fed high levels of CPH. For mTOR pathway, the expression of <em>mtor</em>, <em>4e-bp1</em> and <em>4e-bp2</em> was up-regulated in the liver and down-regulated in the muscle in fish fed the CPH24 diet compared the control group. Substitution of CPH for fish meal in diets reduced dietary taurine concentrations and resulted in lower levels of liver and muscle taurine. The expression of <em>cdo</em> and <em>csd</em> for taurine synthesis, and <em>taut</em> for taurine transport was up-regulated with the increase of dietary CPH. Lipid content of whole body, serum total cholesterol content and lipase activity of intestine decreased with increasing levels of dietary CPH, while liver lipid content was observed to be elevated. In addition, textural parameters of muscle were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, 78.95–127.13 g/kg of CPH was suitable for replacing fish meal in the formulation of feed for tiger puffer. However, low taurine concentration of CPH may be a potential factor limiting inclusion when formulating diets for tiger puffer. When an excess of CPH was added to experimental diets, it reduced feed utilization, caused asynchrony in amino acid absorption of intestine and had a negative effect on protein synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of kelp residue on growth performance, blood biochemistry, hepatic metabolism, digestive enzymes and intestinal health of turbot Scophthalmus maximus","authors":"Peiyu Li ,&nbsp;Zhidong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary kelp residue (KR) inclusion on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and physiological responses in juvenile turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>; initial body weight 35.17 ± 0.25 g) through an 8-week feeding trial. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 % KR were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks. Results revealed growth metrics (weight gain, specific growth rate) and nutrient digestibility coefficients (dry matter, crude lipid, energy) significantly decreased with KR inclusion &gt; 9 %, accompanied by elevated feed conversion ratio compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>P</em>rotein digestibility declined markedly at KR levels &gt; 12 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein) and intestinal tight junction proteins (zona, occludens-1) decreased, while hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity increased significantly with KR inclusion &gt; 6 % compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). KR inclusion &gt; 9 % suppressed hepatic metabolism (alanine aminotransferase, hexokinase) and intestinal antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase), concurrently reducing serum albumin and glucose levels. High KR inclusion (12–15 %) induced metabolic dysregulation, evidenced by elevated serum aminotransferases and upregulated intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), coupled with diminished metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities as compared with the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Through quadratic regression analysis, the optimal KR inclusion level was determined as 6.57–6.72 % for maximal growth performance. These findings demonstrate that excessive KR inclusion (&gt;9 %) compromises nutrient assimilation and induces metabolic stress in juvenile turbot, providing critical thresholds for sustainable aquafeed formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high dietary protein level or poorly digestible protein source may lower voluntary feed intake and limit pre-cecal digesta flow and cecal protein fermentation in broilers","authors":"Miranda L. Elling-Staats ,&nbsp;Arie K. Kies ,&nbsp;Myrthe S. Gilbert ,&nbsp;René P. Kwakkel","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cecal protein fermentation (PF) in broilers, as a result of increased pre-cecal protein flow, has been hypothesized to underly the negative effects on gut health when feeding high protein or poorly digestible protein diets. However, the effect of pre-cecal protein flow on cecal PF metabolites in broilers remains largely unknown. Also the effect of dietary fiber, which is hypothesized to increase saccharolytic fermentation and reduce PF, is still unclear in broilers. Male ROSS 308 broilers were fed either a low protein (LP, 19 %) or high protein (HP, 23 %) diet. Also, the digestibility level of the protein was varied, by using rapeseed meal (RSM; poorly digestible), rapeseed protein isolate (RPI; highly digestible), or a mixture of RSM and RPI. Finally, these 3 digestibility levels were fed with or without the addition of sunflower seed hulls (SFH), as a fiber source. HP vs. LP reduced feed intake of birds fed the RSM (106 vs. 121 g/d) or mixture (111 vs. 119 g/d) based diets. At the same time FCR was reduced when feeding HP vs. LP in RSM (1.35 vs. 1.42) and mixture (1.43 vs. 1.50) based diets. The apparent ileal N digestibility was higher in mixture and RPI diets than in RSM (78.7, 77.7, and 73.3 %, respectively). Pre-cecal digesta protein flows were not significantly increased by a higher protein level nor by reduced protein digestibility. The pre-cecal liquid AA flow, which was 3–8 % of the total AA flow, increased with HP vs. LP in the RSM-fed groups (415 vs. 167 mg/d). This increase corresponded with an increase in cecal histamine and tyramine contents (72 vs. 9 and 262 vs. 79 nmol/g freeze dried digesta). Addition of SFH in the diets did not reduce PF. A reduced feed intake of broilers fed HP and low digestible protein diets limited the total pre-cecal protein flow, which might explain the lack of a cecal PF metabolite response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of different protein sources and intestinal histology in yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus","authors":"Stephanie F. Velasquez ,&nbsp;Leonardo Ibarra-Castro ,&nbsp;John D. Stieglitz ,&nbsp;Khanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yellowtail snapper (<em>Ocyurus chrysurus</em>) is a marine snapper of the family Lutjanidae that has potential as a mariculture species and as a research model for Lutjanid snapper species, since it is relatively easy to spawn and rear. Hence, there is an interest in identifying the appropriate diets for its culture. The utilization of practical diets and their effects on fish growth performance and body composition are currently poorly understood. To study the effects of practical diets for yellowtail snapper with different protein sources, such as fishmeal (F), poultry meal (P), and soybean meal (SBM), a 14-week growth trial was conducted in juveniles with a mean initial weight of 2.03 ± 0.06 g. The trial included a dose-response in replacing fishmeal with poultry meal (F30, F15:P15, P30, and F15:SMB40), which were formulated to have 40 % protein and 10 % lipid levels. Histological measurements of the distal intestine mucosal length, thickness of the mucosa, lamina propria, submucosa, and serosa, as well as in the histological scoring of the lamina propria folds, connective tissue, and large vacuoles showed no significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) among fish fed F30, P30, and F15:SMB40. Results show no adverse effects on growth performance and intestinal histology in yellowtail snapper juveniles when they were fed diets containing low levels of different protein sources and high levels of soybean meal. While diets containing high levels of fishmeal as protein source were best, the results of this study indicate that yellowtail snapper can be grown effectively (i.e. with no significant enteritis or decreases in growth performance) using diets containing a variety of different protein sources allowing for potentially decreased grow-out feed costs and improved overall economic production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, bacterial communities, and immune responses of goats fed milk replacer with varying fat levels","authors":"Zhiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiguo Ding ,&nbsp;Hongxu Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanan Zuo ,&nbsp;Guanghui Hu ,&nbsp;Jincheng Liu ,&nbsp;Hangshu Xin ,&nbsp;Xu Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaolai Xie ,&nbsp;Peixin Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116309","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of &lt;em&gt;Clostridium butyricum&lt;/em&gt; (CB) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, immune response, and ruminal microbiota of goats fed milk replacer (MR) with varying dietary fat levels. Thirty-two male Saanen goats (initial body weight (BW) of 5.33 ± 1.03 kg, average age of 5 days) were used in a study with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Four treatments were: 2 MR fat (MRF) contents (g/kg): 200 (low, LMRF) and 300 (high, HMRF) combined with 2 CB supplementation levels (0 vs. 0.5 g/d). The experiment was 55 days long, including 10 days for adaptation and 45 days for data and sample collection. The goats were individually housed in pens (1.0 × 1.0 m), with free access to water and fed &lt;em&gt;ad libitum&lt;/em&gt; starter and alfalfa hay. The MR powder was mixed with water and fed three times daily at 0.65 %, 0.65 %, and 0.70 % of BW, respectively, in the first, second and third feeding, resulted in a total daily dose of 2 % of BW (dry matter basis). The CB product was dissolved in the MR and administered during the first feeding. Feeding HMRF versus LMRF to goats did not alter (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) total feed intake but tended (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.075) to increase final BW and increased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.025) average daily gain, thus decreased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.008) feed conversion ratio. The CB supplementation also decreased feed conversion ratio (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.044) without interaction (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) with MRF levels on BW, feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Altering MRF did not affect (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) blood metabolites such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, whereas the CB supplementation decreased BUN (interaction, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), glucose (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007), and cholesterol (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.030). In comparison with LMRF, HMRF reduced (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) the concentrations of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the absence of CB, whereas no differences (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) were observed when CB was added. Moreover, the interleukin-10 concentration increased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) with CB supplementation in the LMRF diet; however, it did not differ (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &gt; 0.05) when HMRF was fed. Supplementation of CB increased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.045) rumen concentration of total volatile fatty acids. Feeding higher levels of MRF increased the alpha diversity indices of amplicon sequence variants (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002) and Chao1 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001), while CB addition increased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.034) Simpson index. At the phylum level, the HMRF vs. LMRF increased the abundances of &lt;em&gt;Bacteroidetes&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.012) and &lt;em&gt;Campylobacterota&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.037). Additionally, both MRF and CB supplementation influenced the genus abundances of &lt;em&gt;Muribaculaceae_unclassified&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.025), &lt;em&gt;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.038), &lt;em&gt;Prevotella&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001), and &lt;em&gt;Fi","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of monensin supplementation on beef cattle performance, digestion and ruminal parameters in three feeding systems","authors":"Richard Vaquero Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Rodrigo de Nazaré Santos Torres ,&nbsp;Welder Angelo Baldassini ,&nbsp;Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo ,&nbsp;Luis Orlindo Tedeschi ,&nbsp;Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of monensin supplementation on beef cattle performance, ruminal parameters, and total tract digestibility in different feeding systems, including total mixed ration (TMR), partial TMR (pTMR), and pasture. The dataset included 131 peer-reviewed publications that comprised 349 treatment means. The effects of monensin supplementation were evaluated using the weighted mean differences (WMD) between the control (diets without monensin) and treatment (diets with monensin) groups. Heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression and subgroup analysis, which considered factors inherent to the animal such as diet, monensin dose, and experimental traits. Monensin supplementation reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI) (pasture: −0.92 kg/day; pTMR: −0.12 kg/day, and TMR: −0.25 kg/day) and increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG, 0.06, 0.05 and 0.02 kg/day, respectively) in all feed systems. In the pTMR system, genetic group and experimental design influenced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) the effect of monensin on ruminal propionate and butyrate concentrations. Additionally, supplement intake and type affected the effect of monensin on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and ruminal propionate concentration. In the pTMR system, a monensin intake of 200–300 mg/day promoted the greatest improvement in FCR (WMD = −1.07 kg/kg; <em>P</em> = 0.011). In the TMR system, genetic group, sex class, fattening period, and dietary concentrate and crude protein levels influenced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) the effect of monensin on DMI and ADG. Forage type affected the effect of monensin on ADG, acetate, butyrate, and isovalerate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Monensin inclusion of up to 15 mg/kg DM in TMR diets improved FCR (WMD = −0.54 kg/kg; <em>P</em> = 0.001) and increased ADG (WMD = 0.055 kg/day; <em>P</em> = 0.001). Thus, monensin consistently increased ruminal propionate concentration and improved beef cattle performance and feed efficiency, but the extent of these responses varied depending on dietary, animal, and experimental factors in each feeding system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rice distillers' dried grains soluble (DDGS) blended with non-starch polysaccharidases (NSPase) as a fish meal substitute in the diet of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus juveniles","authors":"Joynal Abedin ,&nbsp;Shivendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Aditi Banik ,&nbsp;R.K. Brahmchari ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kishore ,&nbsp;Maneesh Kumar Dubey ,&nbsp;Rinki Kumari ,&nbsp;Prem Prakash Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of supplementation of rice distiller’s dried grains Soluble (DDGS) in the diet for climbing perch, <em>Anabas testudineus</em> juveniles with non-starch polysaccharidases (NSPase) (Cellulase:Xylanase: Arabinoxylanase: Glucanase::1:1:1:1 w/w) enzyme complex. Twelve isoproteic (40 % crude protein) and isolipidic (8 %) semi-purified diets were formulated in a 4 × 3 factorial design with fishmeal (FM)/rice DDGS levels and NSPase supplementation as factors. Diets included four levels of rice DDGS viz.0, 10, 20, or 30 % replacing up to total dietary fish meal (FM), supplemented with three levels (0, 0.1 or 0.2 %) of NSPase. Thirty six groups of 15 fish (average weight, 5.00 ± 0.2 g) were fed each diet to near satiation for 60 days. Increase of dietary rice DDGS inclusion up to 20 % significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) the growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestive enzyme activities in juveniles compared to the 0 % &amp; 10 % inclusion levels of rice DDGS, however, these parameters significantly decreased in the treatment fed with diet having 30 % inclusion level of rice DDGS in place of FM. Fish fed diets with either 10 % or 20 % rice DDGS recorded significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher activities of protein metabolism enzymes (AST and ALT). Likewise, an increase in rice DDGS inclusion up to 20 % significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased glycolytic enzyme activities (Hexokinase and Pyruvate kinase) in juvenile <em>A. testudineus</em>, recording the lowest in the control group. However, dietary NSPase supplementation increases growth, nutrient utilization as well as improved digestive and metabolic enzyme activities compared to non-supplemented group. As a consequence, supplementation of NSPase at 0.2 % could further enhance the inclusion level of rice DDGS up to 30 % and encourage total replacement of fish meal in the diet of climbing perch (<em>Anabas testudineus)</em> juveniles without compromising the growth and nutrient utilization. Overall, results of this study indicate that total replacement of FM by rice DDGS in the diets for climbing perch reduced the growth and feed utilization, while supplementation of rice DDGS-based diet with 0.2 % exogenous NSPase improved growth performance and feed utilization efficiency, and ultimately shall reduce the final cost of the feed from commercial point of view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of diets containing a water-soluble extract of Angelica sinensis on growth performance and hypoxia tolerance of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)","authors":"Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Jiang Li ,&nbsp;Gangfu Chen ,&nbsp;Min Wu ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Su ,&nbsp;Houhong Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Qingchao Shi ,&nbsp;Huatao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the short-term effects of water-soluble extract of <em>Angelica sinensis</em> (WEAs) on fish growth performance and hypoxia tolerance. All 420 carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> var. Jian; 6.64 ± 0.02 g) were fed 7 diets containing WEAs (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2, and 22.4 %) for 15 days, respectively. The findings demonstrated that appropriate supplementation of WEAs increased feed intake and weight gain, as well as the activities of lipase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in digestive organs of carp. Based on broken-line regression analysis of weight gain and feed efficiency, the optimum WEAs supplementation for carp were 1.476 % and 1.478 %, respectively. Appropriate supplementation of WEAs decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) under hypoxia condition as well as plasma ammonia and glucose contents, increased hypoxia durative time (DT), plasma total protein contents, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activities in carp's muscles, gills, or hepatopancreas. Based on DT and OCR broken-line regression analysis, the optimum WEAs supplementation for carp were 2.610 % and 2.605 %, respectively. Furthermore, appropriate supplementation of WEAs decreased malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents and increased the activities of catalase, anti-superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, anti-hydroxyl radical, and glutathione peroxidase as well as reduced glutathione content in fish gills, muscles, or digestive organs. Overall, our current study suggests that dietary appropriate supplementation of WEAs improved growth performance that closely related to the antioxidant capacity as well as the digestive and absorption functions in the digestive organs, and enhanced hypoxia tolerance that attributed to the antioxidant capacity and metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates in the respiratory organs of Jian carp. Therefore, WEAs can serve as a natural inhibitor of hypoxic stress in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensiling sugar beets: Sampling, chemical composition, and digestibility of mixed sugar beet silage","authors":"Emma Marie Vallentin Hvas ,&nbsp;Mogens Larsen ,&nbsp;Lars Andersen ,&nbsp;Ulrike Bedenk ,&nbsp;Martin Riis Weisbjerg","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to 1) identify the sampling method for representative sampling of mixed beet silages, 2) describe the chemical composition and digestibility of mixed silages, 3) assess the extent of crude protein (CP) degradation in rapeseed meal when co-ensiled with beets, and 4) compare large-scale with laboratory-scale ensiled silages. Ensiling was performed in November 2021 and January 2022 to produce two silage sets. A total of 7 mixed silages were made as large-scale ensiling in round bales by co-ensiling high dry matter (DM) sugar beets with either maize silage, grass/clover silage, grass seed straw, dried beet pulp, fresh beet pulp, or rapeseed meal. At the same time, beets ensiled with maize silage, grass/clover silage, grass seed straw, and fresh beet pulp were replicated as laboratory-scale ensiling in vacuum bags. After 30, 92, and 181 days of ensiling, two samples were obtained from mixed silages ensiled in bales: 1 bore sample using a silage sampling drill and 1 large sample from the side of the bale. The large sample was minced in an industrial bowl cutter to get a representative homogeneous sample. To investigate the degradation of CP in rapeseed meal co-ensiled with beets, Dacron bags containing pure rapeseed meal were added to bales during baling. The DM of mixed silages ensiled in bales and sampled as a large sample varied between (mean ± SEM) 248 ± 8.10 and 363 ± 8.10 g/kg at 181 days of ensiling, and pH for all mixed silages was below 4.2 at 30 days of ensiling. Mixed silage content of ethanol at 181 days of ensiling varied between 17.1 ± 12.7 and 140 ± 12.7 g/kg DM for mixed silages ensiled in bales and sampled as a large sample. Differences between sampling methods were found for mixed silage DM, pH, NH₃, acetate, L-lactate, ethanol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, maltose, and mannitol. For most mixed silages, these differences disappeared after 92 days of ensiling, where the silages were stable and could be representatively sampled using a silage drill. The organic matter digestibility (OMD; <em>in-vivo</em> calculated from <em>in-vitro</em>) of the mixed silages after 181 days of ensiling varied between 685 ± 3.27 and 903 ± 6.50 g/kg OM for mixed silages ensiled in bales and sampled as a large sample. Chemical composition varied depending on mixer feed. No evidence of CP degradation in rapeseed meal was found when co-ensiled with beets. Furthermore, using laboratory-scale ensiling in vacuum bags as a model for large-scale ensiling may result in an overestimation of fermentation products and an underestimation of fermentable sugars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary concentration of threonine on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, stress biomarker, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens raised under multiple stress conditions","authors":"Hyun Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Dong Yong Kil ,&nbsp;Jong Hyuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of multiple stress conditions and dietary concentrations of threonine (Thr) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, stress biomarkers, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. A total of 2052 21-d-old broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment in 2 × 3 factorial arrangements. Main factors included rearing environment and dietary concentrations of Thr. Birds were separately reared under normal or MS conditions of both heat stress and high stocking density. The basal diet was formulated to meet the recommended Thr concentrations (6.8 g/kg) of growing broiler chickens, and additional 2 diets were prepared by increasing concentrations of digestible Thr by 1.5-fold (10.2 g/kg) and 2-fold (13.6 g/kg) higher than Thr concentrations in the basal diet. Birds were reared at normal conditions (thermoneutral conditions and 9 birds/m²) or stressful conditions (cyclic heat stress and 18 birds/m²). Results indicated that no interactive effects of environmental conditions and dietary concentrations of Thr were observed in all measurements. However, birds raised under multiple stress conditions decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) growth performance, impaired (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) immune response, disrupted (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) intestinal morphology, and reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) tight junction related gene expression and had greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) stress indicators, malondialdehyde concentrations, and intestinal permeability. In conclusion, broiler chickens raised under multiple stress conditions decreased immune response, intestinal morphology, and tight junction and increase stress response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal permeability. Consequently, these factors collectively lead to reduction in growth performance. Furthermore, it can be concluded that dietary concentrations of Thr at 13.6 g/kg improves growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens, regardless of stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}