Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the methane-mitigating effects of feed additives on dairy cows: Validation of an AI-Based predictive model using a monensin feed additive","authors":"Yaniv Altshuler ,&nbsp;Tzruya Calvao Chebach ,&nbsp;Shalom Cohen ,&nbsp;Joao Gatica","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the growing demand for sustainable agriculture and process optimization, our study introduces an innovative approach that meets these needs; utilizing rumen microbiome samples from Israeli Holstein cows across 14 commercial dairy farms, we constructed an AI-driven model that predicts the effect of feed additive on enteric methane emissions. The model extracts patterns from microbiome datasets using a network-oriented approach to process raw sequencing data and identifies statistically significant DNA patterns. The identified patterns serve as biomarkers to confirm their significant correlation with the efficacy of the feed additive. For the model validation, cows were given a monensin feed additive; in addition, enteric methane emissions were obtained before and during the 12 weeks of the trial, then in each farm the methane measurements were compared with the respective control group to estimate the accuracy of the AI-model predictions. The validation was performed on independent cohorts to ensure robustness. The results obtained indicated a high accuracy in the model predictions, achieving an average reduction of 20 % on enteric methane emissions across 14 dairy farms, with peaks of 30 % of reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplementing pregnant ewes with prenatal calcium salts of soybean on the growth characteristics, nutritional parameters, and meat quality of their offspring","authors":"A.S. Miranda ,&nbsp;K.B. Nascimento ,&nbsp;M.A. Andrade ,&nbsp;A.X. Mucida ,&nbsp;R.Y.D. Ferreira ,&nbsp;A.R.E. Santo ,&nbsp;D.I. Gomes ,&nbsp;T.R.S. Gionbelli ,&nbsp;M.S. Duarte ,&nbsp;L.R.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;R. Mezzomo ,&nbsp;K.S. Alves ,&nbsp;M.P. Gionbelli","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116481","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nutritional signals during gestation shape fetal growth, metabolic programming, and tissue development. However, how specific maternal diets drive these outcomes in small ruminants remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated how maternal feeding regimen (&lt;strong&gt;FR&lt;/strong&gt;) during gestation of ewes affects their offspring growth, nutrient utilization, and meat quality, including potential interactions with offspring sex (&lt;strong&gt;OS&lt;/strong&gt;). At 74 days of gestation, 30 multiparous ewes [44.1 ± 6.90 kg body weight (&lt;strong&gt;BW&lt;/strong&gt;)] were randomly assigned to: (1) Control (&lt;strong&gt;CON&lt;/strong&gt;; &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 16; 9 male and 7 female fetuses) – basal diet meeting requirements for singleton pregnancies, or (2) &lt;strong&gt;CSSO&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 14; 7 male and 7 female fetuses) – basal diet plus calcium salts of soybean oil (1.5 g/kg BW). Lambs remained with their dams until weaning, were finished in a feedlot, and slaughtered at 32–33 kg BW. At 15 days of age, muscle biopsies were collected for gene expression analyses. A digestibility trial was conducted during the finishing period, and carcass traits were recorded at slaughter. At slaughter, &lt;em&gt;longissimus lumborum&lt;/em&gt; and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected for histological evaluation, while &lt;em&gt;latissimus dorsi&lt;/em&gt; muscle and adipose tissue samples were used for gene expression analyses. Significance was declared at &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05. Lambs from CSSO-supplemented ewes had 15 % greater birth BW than CON (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01). At 15 days, &lt;em&gt;Zinc finger protein 423&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ZFP423&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) expression was greater in CSSO-females (FR × OS: &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), and &lt;em&gt;Myogenin&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MYOG&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) was upregulated in CSSO &lt;em&gt;vs.&lt;/em&gt; CON lambs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.05). At slaughter, &lt;em&gt;Mechanistic target of rapamycin&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MTOR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) expression in skeletal muscle was greater in CON-males, while &lt;em&gt;Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PPARG&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) expression was upregulated in CSSO-females relative to other groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01). The &lt;em&gt;Myosin heavy chain type I&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MyHC-I&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) expression was reduced in the skeletal muscle of CSSO offspring at slaughter (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02). In subcutaneous adipose tissue, &lt;em&gt;PPARG&lt;/em&gt; expression was greater in CSSO lambs than in CON (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01). Muscle fiber area, perimeter, and diameter were greater in CSSO-females (FR × OS: &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), and adipocyte density was greater in CSSO than CON offspring (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02). No effects of maternal diet or FR × OS interaction were detected for carcass traits (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ≥ 0.09) or on biochemical and structural meat quality parameters, including water-holding capacity, muscle pH, instrumental tenderness, and color attributes (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ≥ 0.11). Therefore, maternal CSSO supplementation modulates early postnatal muscle and adipose tissue developme","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving nutrient utilization in ruminants through extruded pelleted feeds","authors":"Ghulam Qasim Khan ,&nbsp;Dejan Dragan Miladinovic ,&nbsp;Puchun Niu ,&nbsp;Eddy Weurding ,&nbsp;Jos van Hees ,&nbsp;Martha Grøseth ,&nbsp;Egil Prestløkken","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined whether extrusion process can be optimized to produce pellets with tailored density and rumen fluid stability for improved nutrient utilization in ruminants. High-density pellets bypass the rumen to deliver nutrients directly to the intestine, while floating pellets enhance the synchronization of nutrient release and digestion. Barley, maize, and soybean meal (SBM) were extruded both individually and as 50:50 mixtures (barley + SBM and maize + SBM) under different conditions. Specific density (SD), specific density in rumen fluid (SDrf), sinking velocity (SV) and fluid stability index (FSI) of pellets were evaluated using in vitro methods. Pellets exhibited a broad range of SD values: those with an SD below 0.78 g/mL floated in rumen fluid, whereas pellets with an SD above 1.05 g/mL were deemed optimal for rumen escape. Cereal grain pellets spanned floating (SD &lt; 0.78 g/mL), slow-sinking (SD 0.85–0.90 g/mL), and fast-sinking (SD &gt; 0.96 g/mL) categories and showed high FSI (averaged 893 ± 67 g/kg DM), while SBM and mixtures produced high-density (SD 0.89–1.18 g/mL), fast-sinking pellets with lower FSI (averaged 173 ± 113 g/kg DM). For cereal grains, cooling the extruder’s last section at a screw speed of 210 rpm yielded pellets with optimal SD and FSI for rumen escape, whereas adjusting the screw speed (minimum 210 rpm for maize and 300 rpm for barley) produced floating pellets. Pellets from SBM and mixtures did not meet the desired criteria and require alternative processing conditions. Indeed, these <em>in vitro</em> evaluations require <em>in vivo</em> validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camphor oil-enriched diets: Impact on growth, immune response, and gonadal development of Nile tilapia","authors":"Eman Y. Mohammady ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Aboseif ,&nbsp;Osman Sabri Kesbiç ,&nbsp;Enas A. Ramadan ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Hassaan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of camphor oil in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) diets on growth performance, immune responses, lipid metabolism, sex hormones, and gonads maturation. 450 mixed-sex fish of uniform size at a density of 30 fish/pond (15 cement ponds) were fed the experimental diets for 70 days. Five experimental diets were formulated, each diet supplemented with different levels of camphor oil: 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg diet. The results show that camphor oil (CO) significantly improved growth and feed utilization including weight gain (27.97 and 28.95 g), final body weight (39.68 and 40.63 g), specific growth rate (1.94 and 1.98 %), and protein efficiency ratio (1.98 and 1.99 g) at inclusion 2–4 g kg⁻¹ diets with insignificant differences between them (P &gt; 0.05). The highest immune parameters such as immunoglobulin M (IgM), total protein, and albumin levels (P &lt; 0.05) were detected in diet have camphor oil at 5 g kg^-1 (0.27 mg/dL, 2.78 g/dL, and 1.80 g/dL, respectively). Histological analyses revealed enhanced intestinal integrity and hepatic health at these optimal levels. However, higher inclusion levels (8 and 10 g kg⁻¹ diet) caused significant adverse effects, including histopathological damage in the liver and gonads, reduced nutrient absorption efficiency, and a marked decline in sex hormone concentrations (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) (P &lt; 0.05). These detrimental effects are likely due to disrupted lipid metabolism, as reflected by significant reductions in cholesterol and triglycerides, which are essential substrates for steroidogenesis (P &lt; 0.05). The findings underscore the potential of camphor oil as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic additives, offering significant health benefits and improved performance at optimized levels. Nevertheless, precise dose optimization is critical to prevent toxicity and adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feeding forage rape or chicory in a grass silage and concentrate-based diet as supplementary crops to replace irrigated pasture on performance, rumen metabolism and microbiome","authors":"Juan P. Keim ,&nbsp;Natalia Quezada ,&nbsp;Sandra Salazar ,&nbsp;Rubén G. Pulido ,&nbsp;Paul Maclean ,&nbsp;David Pacheco ,&nbsp;Nikola Palevich ,&nbsp;Silvana Bravo ,&nbsp;Camila Muñoz ,&nbsp;Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to determine the effect of including forage rape, chicory, or irrigated pasture in the diet of mid-lactation dairy cows on performance, rumen metabolism and microbiome, milk quality, CH₄ emissions and N excretion. Twelve multiparous lactating dairy cows (527 ± 40 kg BW; 24.8 ± 2.5 kg /d milk production and 140 ± 20 DIM at the beginning of the study; mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were diets based on grass silage and concentrate plus irrigated pasture (IP), chicory (Ch), and forage rape (Fr). The IP diet was composed of 500 g/kg grass silage, 300 g/kg fresh perennial ryegrass irrigated pasture and 200 g/kg commercial grain-based concentrate; the Ch diet was composed of 500 g/kg grass silage, 300 g/kg fresh chicory and 200 g/kg commercial grain-based concentrate; and FR diet composed of 500 g/kg grass silage, 300 g/kg fresh forage rape, 150 g/kg commercial grain-based concentrate and 50 g/kg of soybean meal. Cows fed diets containing forage rape and chicory had greater dry matter intake than those fed diet with irrigated pasture (P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in time spent eating among the treatments (P &gt; 0.05), but cows fed the diet containing chicory spent less time ruminating. Milk protein production was greater for the forage rape diet (P = 0.047), compared to the chicory diet. Treatments did not affect the ammonia (NH₃) concentration in the rumen. Cows on the forage rape diet had a greater concentration of ruminal total VFA compared to the chicory diet (P = 0.036) and greater valerate concentration compared with cows fed the irrigated pastures diet (P = 0.029). <em>Succinivibrionaceae</em> UCG-001 was more prevalent in cows fed the irrigated pasture diet (all FDR &lt; 0.05). Cows fed diets containing irrigated pasture or forage rape excreted more fecal N compared to cows fed diets containing chicory (P = 0.003), whereas cows fed the chicory diet excreted less N (urinary plus fecal), than cows fed forage rape diets (P = 0.004). No differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between treatments for total methane (CH₄) production (g/day), nor for the intensity (CH₄/kg milk), but CH₄ yield was lower in cows fed diets with forage rape and chicory. Overall, using chicory and forage rape in the diet may be a viable option to maintain productivity on dairy farms during the summer. Inclusion of either chicory or forage rape in the diet reduced CH₄ yield; however, considering the lower nitrogen excretions of cows fed chicory, the environmental impact due to ammonia, nitrate losses, and N₂O emissions might be lower compared with cows fed forage rape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary soy lecithin phospholipid on survival, growth and resistance to diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in hybrid lemon fin barb (Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂× Barbonymus gonionotus ♀) larvae","authors":"Rochana Weerasingha ,&nbsp;Mohd Salleh Kamarudin ,&nbsp;Murni Marlina Abd Karim ,&nbsp;Mohammad Fadhil Syukri Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A promising trend in utilizing hybrid carp species is shown in recent Asian aquaculture. The hybrid lemon fin barb is a cross-product of the silver barb (<em>Barbonymus gonionotus</em>, ♀) and lemon fin barb (<em>Hypsibarbus wetmorei</em>, ♂). As tasty wild lemon fin barb catches increased annually, the Department of Fisheries of Malaysia introduced this fast-growing and tasty hybrid fish species. The study aimed to determine the optimum dietary soy lecithin phospholipid requirement for larval hybrid lemon fin barb on growth, survival and resistance to diseases caused by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Three-day-old larvae were stocked in 15 plastic tanks of 5 L at 50 larvae/ L. After the yolk sac absorption and mouth opening at around day three after hatching, five feed regimes with increasing soy lecithin phospholipid (SPL) levels of 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 % were randomly allocated into fish tanks. After 20 days of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of hybrid lemon fin barb larvae fed 4 % SPL was significantly higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) than those of larvae fed 0–2 % SPL. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of hybrid larvae fed 4 % SPL were significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) lower and higher respectively than those of larvae fed soy lecithin-free diet. However, WG, PER, FCR and SGR were similar (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) in hybrid lemon fin barb larvae fed 0–2 and 6 % SPL diets. The optimum dietary SPL requirement for the growth of larval hybrid lemon fin barb was determined at 4 % SPL. Lipid vacuoles appeared in the liver and gut of larvae fed excessive dietary phospholipids. Eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA and n3FA increased in the larval body (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) at 2 % dietary SPL. During the challenge test against <em>Aeromonas</em>, post-larvae fed 4 % SPL diet performed good survival and histopathology compared to those fed 0 % SPL diet. The optimum dietary SPL level showed more health benefits in hybrid lemon fin barb larvae, especially against <em>A. hydrophila</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The individual and synergistic effects of dietary lipids and DHA on the growth performance, feed utilization, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","authors":"Rongrong Xue ,&nbsp;Handong Li ,&nbsp;Shanghong Ji,&nbsp;Luyao Jia,&nbsp;Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Mingkui Wei,&nbsp;Tao Zhao,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Hong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a 2 × 3 factorial design to formulate six diets (designated as NFD-DHA0, NFD-DHA0.5, NFD-DHA1.0, HFD-DHA0, HFD-DHA0.5, and HFD-DHA1.0), where NFD denotes a normal-fat diet (5.0 % lipid) and HFD denotes a high-fat diet (10.0 % lipid). These diets were administered to grass carp with an initial body weight of 229.71 ± 0.38 g for 8 weeks to assess the independent and synergistic effects of dietary lipids and DHA on growth performance, feed utilization, and liver health. The results reveal a significant synergistic interaction between dietary lipid levels and DHA content, which affected growth performance, feed utilization, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementing both NFD and HFD diets with DHA significantly enhanced the growth performance of grass carp (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while markedly reducing their Feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF), visceral index (VSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At a 10 % lipid level, 1.0 % DHA not only decreased hepatic crude lipid (10.86 ± 0.98 %) and triglyceride levels (0.14 ± 0.01 μmol/g protein) by enhancing the expression of genes involved in lipolysis (<em>hsl</em>: 1.93 ± 0.14<em>; atgl</em>: 1.36 ± 0.03) and lipid utilization (<em>pparα</em>: 2.34 ± 0.25; <em>cpt-1</em>: 1.43 ± 0.09; <em>echs1</em>: 1.83 ± 0.06; and <em>acad9</em>: 1.40 ± 0.16) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but also alleviated hepatic inflammation by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD<em>:</em> 115.18 ± 1.92 U/mg protein, CAT: 26.87 ± 0.85 U/mg protein) and the mRNA expression (<em>sod</em>: 1.59 ± 0.09<em>, cat</em>: 1.92 ± 0.03) of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, at a 5 % lipid level, the NFD-DHA0.5 group exhibited the optimal growth performance, lipid utilization, and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, supplementing 0.5 % DHA in a 5 % lipid diet or 1 % DHA in a 10 % lipid diet can optimize both growth and liver health in grass carp, providing valuable insights for the formulation of fishmeal-free aquaculture feeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid digestibility and energy concentrations in cashew nuts and copra meal fed to pigs","authors":"Yeojin An,&nbsp;Thi Kim Thi Pham,&nbsp;Yoon Soo Song,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in cashew nuts and copra meal fed to pigs. In experiment 1, twelve barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 23.9 kg (standard deviation = 3.8) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum to determine SID of AA in cashew nuts, copra meal, and soybean meal (SBM). A triplicated 4 × 2 incomplete Latin square design was used. Experimental diets were formulated to contain each test ingredient as a sole source of AA, and a nitrogen-free diet was also prepared to measure basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. In experiment 2, six barrows with an initial BW of 12.7 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were individually housed in metabolism cages to determine the DE and ME in cashew nuts and copra meal. A replicated 3 × 4 incomplete Latin square design was employed. A basal diet contained corn and SBM as the sole sources of energy. Two additional diets were formulated by replacing the energy sources in the basal diet with cashew nuts or copra meal at 300 g/kg. In experiment 1, the SID of CP and indispensable AA in cashew nuts was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in copra meal. The SID of CP and indispensable AA in cashew nuts and SBM did not differ. In experiment 2, the DE and ME in cashew nuts were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in copra meal. Copra meal had less amino acid digestibility and energy concentrations compared with cashew nuts and soybean meal. The digestibility of amino acids in cashew nuts did not differ from soybean meal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epiphytic bacterial strains lead to variable modifications in the fermentation and nutritional characteristics of rehydrated corn grain silage","authors":"Marcus Vinícius Santa Brígida Cardoso,&nbsp;Yasmim Alvarenga Silva,&nbsp;Marcos Paulo Reis Sousa,&nbsp;Laura Natália Silva,&nbsp;Cristina Ferreira Silva,&nbsp;Filippe Elias Freitas Soares,&nbsp;Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of inoculants with epiphytic microorganisms is an alternative for improving the characteristics of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCGS). The aim of this study was to evaluate inoculants composed of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation profile, nutritional value, and aerobic stability of RCGS in different storage periods. The treatments were: RCGS without inoculant (control), RCGS inoculated with 8 epiphytic strains of <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> (PP<em>-</em>52, 82, 110, 190, 221), <em>Pediococcus acidilactici</em> (PA-180), and <em>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</em> (LF-106, 116), and RCGS inoculated with <em>Lactobacillus hilgardii</em> (LH-4785), stored for 45 and 90 days. The grain corn was compacted into plastic buckets (5 L; density of 992.85 ± 16.37 kg/m³). A completely randomized design was used in a 10 × 2 factorial arrangement (9 inoculants plus the control × 2 storage times), with twenty treatments and three replications. The means were compared using Tukey’s test (5 % significance level). Dry matter losses stabilized but starch losses increased from 45 to 90 days. With the fermentation time, a reduction in crude protein and zein content and an increase in NH₃-N concentrations were observed. Aerobic stability increased with LH-4785. Lower NH₃-N concentrations were found in the PP-190 and PP-221 silage and zein concentration was higher in the PP-190 silage. Lower yeast counts and higher lactic acid concentrations in the S-116 silage and higher acetic acid concentrations in LH-4785 silage occurred. The PP-190 strain reduced the <em>in situ</em> starch disappearance. All the isolates evaluated affected the fermentative and nutritional characteristics of the silage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of herbal extract blend supplementation on growth performance, liver and intestinal health, intestinal transcriptome, and resistance to Aeromonas veronii in Micropterus salmoides with optimized feeding intervals","authors":"Zi ying Zeng ,&nbsp;Dong dong Yu ,&nbsp;Yi Ting Shen,&nbsp;Xing han He,&nbsp;Shun Yang,&nbsp;Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our prior study has demonstrated that daily dietary supplementation with 1.0 g·kg⁻¹ herbal extracts (HE, comprising <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em>, <em>Taraxacum mongolicum</em>, <em>Biancaea sappan</em> and <em>Pulsatilla chinensis</em> extract = 3.0: 1.8: 3.0: 1.7 (<em>w</em>/<em>w</em>/<em>w</em>/<em>w</em>)) can induce structural damage to the intestine, consequently impairing the growth performance of <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>. In the current study, we firstly investigated the effect of dietary HE (1.0 g·kg⁻¹) on resistance against <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> in <em>M. salmoides</em> with different post-feeding intervals, and found the highest survival rate was noted in the HSR group, where fish fed HE every three days, lasting for 28 days (phase I). Subsequently, the growth-related indexes, liver and intestinal health, intestinal transcriptome of fish in the HSR group was assayed (phase II). The results revealed that the feeding pattern in the HSR group had no significant impact on hepatic and liver morphology. However, it notably enhanced the growth rate, reduced malondialdehyde content, and decreased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Additionally, 275 upregulated and 183 downregulated genes were observed between the HSR and control groups by transcriptome analysis. The KEGG analysis illuminated that differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in endocytosis, lysosome, and MAPK signaling pathway. Among them, the growth-related genes, including <em>fibroblast growth factor receptor 4-like</em>, <em>insulin-like growth factor I</em>, <em>alpha-galactosidase A,</em> and <em>beta-galactosidase- 1-like protein 2</em> were considerably upregulated, while the immune related genes, such as <em>interleukin-1 beta</em>, <em>dual-specificity phosphatase 1,</em> and <em>dual-specificity phosphatase 2</em> was significantly downregulated. These results collectively illustrated the feeding pattern in the HSR group might be a potential approach to combat against <em>A. veronii,</em> as well as to mitigate the negative effect induced by intake of high level of HE for <em>M. salmoides.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}