Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of the extrusion process on the physical properties of micro pellets and the growth performance of juvenile Nile tilapia","authors":"Cláudia M.F. Epifânio ,&nbsp;Francisco de M. Dantas ,&nbsp;Flávio A.L. Da Fonseca ,&nbsp;Giovani S. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Elisabete M. Macedo-Viegas ,&nbsp;Ligia U. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different extrusion processes on the physical properties of micro pellets and how the alterations affect the growth performance of juvenile Nile tilapia. Four experimental diets were produced with the same formulation, but with different extrusion processes: CE: cold extrusion (18 ºC); HE: hot extrusion (100 ºC); D1: double extrusion, first a hot extrusion (100 ºC) of all the ingredients followed by cold extrusion (18 ºC); D2: double extrusion, first a hot extrusion (100 ºC) of the plant-based ingredients followed by mixing with the animal-based ingredients and milling, then cold extrusion (18 ºC). Juvenile tilapia (0.83 ± 0.01 g; 3.68 ± 0.19 cm) were distributed in 20 experimental units (60 L; n=5; 20 fish per unit) in a completely randomized design for four weeks. The micro pellets of the experimental HE diet presented a positive expansion rate (2.86 ± 0.45 %) and a lower bulk density (465.9 ± 3.45 g/L). The D1 and D2 micro pellets presented higher bulk density (671.0 ± 2.98 and 612.8 ± 4.99 g/L, respectively). All the micro pellets showed high durability (&gt;95 %). The D2 micro pellets showed low water resistance (24.4 ± 3.51 %), resulting in a high leaching rate of nutrients (&gt;68 %). The HE and D1 micro pellets showed a higher absorption rate in water (3.65 ± 0.29 and 3.66 ± 0.21 g water/g, respectively). The water solubility index of the micro pellets was not influenced by the different extrusion processes (P &gt; 0.05), nor were survival and feed consumption. The fish fed with the HE diet showed greater weight gain (3.84 ± 0.44 g), and the lowest weight gain was in the fish fed with the CE diet (3.05 ± 0.39 g) (P &lt; 0.05). Feed conversion was lower in fish fed the HE (1.06) and D1 (1.11) diets (P &lt; 0.05). Fish fed the HE diet had the highest values for relative growth rate (9.08 ± 0.62 %/d), protein retention (30.6 ± 2.61 %) and protein efficiency (2.26 ± 0.22 %) (P &lt; 0.05). Fish fed the CE diet had the lowest values for relative growth rate (7.82 ± 0.51 %/d), protein retention (21.4 ± 2.72 %) and protein efficiency (1.55 ± 0.23 %) (P &lt; 0.05), though the values are in line with those in the literature. In conclusion, hot extrusion resulted in micro pellets with better physical properties and fish with higher growth performance. Double extrusion, first a hot extrusion of the plant-based ingredients followed by mixing with the animal-based ingredients and milling, then cold extrusion is not recommended due to high levels of nutrient leaching. Cold extrusion and double extrusion, first a hot extrusion of all the ingredients followed by cold extrusion processing can be considered for producing micro diets for juvenile tilapia, especially when less investment in the extrusion process is desired.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera improve growth performance and are involved in regulation of immune responses and microbial communities in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867)","authors":"Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyan Li ,&nbsp;Tianhong Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanqin Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 70-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> with polysaccharides from <em>Enteromorpha prolifera</em> (PEP) on growth performance, biochemical composition, immune responses, and microbial communities. Different proportions of PEP (0, 0.2,1, 5, and 25 g/kg) were respectively added to the basal diet. Dietary 5 g/kg PEP induced an increase in final weights and specific growth rates (SGR), while decreasing the ingestion rate (IR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Moisture contents and crude protein levels of sea cucumber were not significantly affected by PEP supplementation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were elevated by dietary 1 g/kg PEP supplementation. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total anti-oxidative (T-AOC), lysozyme (LZM), and catalase (CAT) activities were enhanced by dietary 5 g/kg PEP. Sea cucumbers fed with 5 g/kg PEP exhibited higher levels of lys and cystain, and suppressed rel levels. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that dietary 5 g/kg PEP increased the relative abundances of <em>Proteobacteria</em> and Firmicutes, while decreasing the relative abundances of <em>Lutibacter</em> and <em>Vibrio</em>. In general overview, dietary 5 g/kg PEP improves growth performance, enhances non-specific immunity, and modulates intestinal microbial composition of <em>A. japonicus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of niacin supplementation in a high-concentrate diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis of finishing lambs","authors":"Xuanzi Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Hao,&nbsp;Yingrui Dong,&nbsp;Xinggang Wang,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhang,&nbsp;Chunxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term feeding of high-concentrate diets will lead to rumen metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation of ruminants, and affect production performance. Niacin (NA) has been shown to mitigate these adverse effects by regulating the rumen environment and alleviating damage to the gastrointestinal barrier caused by high-concentrate diets. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of niacin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. A total of forty-eight 1/2 Dorper × 1/2 thin-tailed Han crossbred male lambs (means body weight (BW) of 22.8 ± 1.86 kg) were divided into four levels (0, 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg diet dry matter) of NA supplementation in lamb diet, respectively control (CON), 400NA, 800NA, and 1200NA. After the adaptation period, the feeding experiment lasted for 60 days, and then six lambs in each group were randomly selected for the digestion and metabolism trial. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) during 30–60 days and the whole feeding period increased linearly with the increase of niacin supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the dry matter intake (DMI) tended to increase linearly (<em>P</em> = 0.098). Dietary NA supplementation significantly increased rumen pH value (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with the 800NA group exhibiting significantly higher pH value compared to the CON group at 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours post-feeding (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In particular, ruminal pH values showed a positive quadratic (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) response with incremental levels of NA at 8, 10, and 12 hours post-feeding, and the highest pH value was observed in the 800NA group. As the dietary supplementation with niacin increased, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and gross energy and nitrogen intake (N intake) also increased linearly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The energy loss in feces, urine, and methane (CH₄) was not affected by niacin supplementation (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Niacin supplementation linearly decreased the feces and urinary nitrogen (g/kg nitrogen-intake) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), thus, the retained nitrogen linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the total urine purine derivatives (PDs) and the estimated MCP increased linearly with increasing niacin levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall, the administration of niacin to finishing lambs fed a high-concentrate diet resulted in enhanced nutrient utilization and MCP synthesis, thereby promoting superior growth performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the combination of wilting and different types of additives to improve silage quality of highland alfalfa: Fermentation quality, nutritional values, molecular structural features, and ruminal degradability","authors":"Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Fucan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Cai ,&nbsp;Yanling Huang ,&nbsp;Haitao Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to explore the interaction between wilting pretreatment and different types of ensiling additives on silage quality, nutritional value, molecular structural features, and ruminal degradability of highland alfalfa. A total of 48 bags of alfalfa forage were randomly assigned into one of eight treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (6 replication bags/treatment). One kg of either unwilted (72 % moisture) or wilted (60 %) alfalfa forage was inoculated with acidic salt, lactic acid bacteria, organic acids, or left without additive (control). Our results indicated that the wilting process increased lactic acid and crude protein levels, decreased the NH₃-N level in silage, and increased its <em>in vitro</em> DM digestibility (all P &lt; 0.05). The wilting treatment increased the amide I/II ratio by 31.7 % and the total carbohydrate II regions by 19.6 % (both P &lt; 0.05). Inoculating pre-wilted alfalfa with lactic acid bacteria further reduced the pH and NH₃-N levels and increased the lactic acid level and DM digestibility in silage (all P &lt; 0.05). The addition of organic acids decreased silage pH and increased lactic acid, crude protein, and starch contents, and DM digestibility (all P &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that silage with a higher amide I/II peak height ratio and TC2 areas had more digestible nutrients and higher DM digestibility. In conclusion, wilting pretreatment combined with lactic acid bacteria inoculant is an effective approach to improve quality and nutrient availability of highland alfalfa silage. The non-invasion spectrometer has the potential to reveal the molecular spectral characteristics of alfalfa silage and predict nutrient availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplementation frequency on nutritional performance and metabolism of cattle fed low-quality tropical forage","authors":"Tadeu E. da Silva ,&nbsp;Cristhiane V.R. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Aline N. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Málber N.N. Palma ,&nbsp;Larissa F. Camacho ,&nbsp;Luciana N. Rennó ,&nbsp;Marcia O. Franco ,&nbsp;Edenio Detmann","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our objective was to evaluate the nutritional performance and metabolism of cattle fed low-quality tropical grass forage and supplemented at different frequencies. Five rumen and abomasum fistulated Nellore heifers (386 kg body weight) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five treatments were: control (without supplementation) and supplementation every 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. The amount of supplement provided was equivalent to 2.5 g/kg of body weight in a daily basis. Overall, supplementation had a positive effect (P&lt;0.01) on voluntary forage intake. However, among the supplemented treatments, a decreasing linear effect (P&lt;0.04) on forage intake was observed as the intervals between supplementations extended. The provision of supplements increased (P&lt;0.02) body N accretion, rumen N balance, and microbial N production in the rumen. However, microbial N production responded quadratically (P&lt;0.04) to the supplementation frequency, reflecting a sharp drop when supplement was provided every 96 h. An interaction between treatments and days of the supplementation cycle was observed for ruminal ammonia N (RAN; P&lt;0.01). The interaction indicated day-to-day variations (P&lt;0.01) when supplementation occurred every 48 or 96 hours. In these cases, RAN concentrations peaked (P&lt;0.05) on supplement provision days. Urinary N excretion (UN) was higher (P&lt;0.01) with the provision of supplements. However, UN showed an interaction effect between treatments and days of the supplementation cycle (P&lt;0.01), where variations across days were only observed for supplementation every 96 hours. In this case, N excretion peaked (P&lt;0.05) the day following supplementation. Infrequent supplementation strategies do not adversely affect the nutritional performance of cattle consuming low-quality tropical forages as long as supplementation intervals do not exceed two days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anti-methanogenic efficacy of Asparagopsis taxiformis: Could it be attributable solely to its bromoform content?","authors":"Eslam Ahmed ,&nbsp;Takehiro Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seaweed <em>Aspragopsis taxiformis</em> has been shown to be a successful intervention to mitigate methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminants due to the content of halogenated components, including bromoform. Some groups have been exploring extracting or synthesizing bromoform to be used as a feed additive rather than using whole seaweed biomass. This study was conducted to understand the differences between whole <em>A. taxiformis</em> biomass and bromoform in their ability to reduce CH₄ production when included in ruminant diets. A series of <em>in vitro</em> experiments were conducted, with a control group consisting of a 50 % hay:50 % concentrate. <em>A. taxiformis</em> biomass supplementation levels of 0.25 and 0.50 %, containing 0.0037 and 0.0077 mg bromoform on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, were evaluated. Bromoform was evaluated at 0.0018, 0.0036, and 0.0073 mg. The two highest levels of bromoform were comparable to the bromoform content in the seaweed biomass. Adding <em>A. taxiformis</em> biomass led to significant reductions in CH₄ yield (mL/g) of 62.5 and 95.6 %, respectively, without compromising <em>in vitro</em> fermentation characteristics. The addition of bromoform resulted in a decrease in the CH₄ yield (mL/g) by 7.6, 23.0, and 59.6 %, respectively. In conclusion, while bromoform led to a dose-dependent reduction in CH₄ production, <em>A. taxiformis</em> has a greater effect at equivalent doses of bromoform, suggesting that the other components in the biomass, which were responsible for up to 40 % of the reduction, play a significant role in the anti-methanogenic efficiency of <em>A. taxiformis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low-protein broiler diets: A review","authors":"Cecilia T. Oluwabiyi,&nbsp;Zhigang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chicken meat has been one of the most important sources of quality animal protein in human diets, and the increasing human population has increased its demand. However, nitrogen excretion has been one of the challenges of increased production in poultry. Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients, and the use of synthetic amino acids improves feed efficiency in poultry. Therefore, nutritionists have sought to adopt low-protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids as a nutritional strategy to limit nitrogen excretion, reduce the cost of production, and improve feed efficiency in poultry. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized endogenously in animals, and the diet remains the main source. Branched-chain amino acids supplementation in low-protein broiler diets is progressing. This review summarizes the effects of BCAA in low-protein broiler diets and finds that the dietary protein level, age of the broilers, and composition of the experimental diets have constituted inconsistencies in the response of the broilers across studies. Supplementation of balanced and optimal BCAA levels in low-protein diets improved broiler performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, but BCAA antagonism remains a concern.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of diets with similar nutrient core with increasing starch as filler in growth performance and survival of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) cultured at three different temperatures","authors":"José Antonio Mata-Sotres ,&nbsp;Abraham Cano-Vera ,&nbsp;Bruno C. Araújo ,&nbsp;Aurora Tinajero ,&nbsp;Oscar Basílio del Rio-Zaragoza ,&nbsp;Eulalio Arambul-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Emyr Saul Peña-Marín ,&nbsp;María Teresa Viana","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different diets with similar nutrient core (protein/lipid/micronutrient ratio) but different starch amounts (nutrient core/filler; NC/F) on the productive performance of striped bass (<em>Morone saxatilis</em>) juveniles exposed to different temperatures. Within this purpose, four extruded experimental diets were formulated, decreasing the amount of starch as filler with the same nutrient core with the following protein/lipid/micronutrients (vitamins+choline chloride) (P/L/Mn) ratios: 45.3/11/2.8, 47.3/12.4/3.5, 51.7/13.3/3.7, and 53.3/13.5/4.0 %. Despite the proportions of the nutrient core being the same among diets, the dietary treatments were called according to protein content in the extruded pellet: D45, D47.3, D51.7, and D53.3, respectively. Juveniles of striped bass with an average weight of 7.7 ± 0.24 g were distributed (15 fish per tank) in three recirculating systems (12 tanks each with 500 L water volume). Each system was kept at different temperatures (18, 22, and 26 °C). After eight weeks of the feeding trial, there are clear tendencies after a polynomial regression analysis for growth, feed intake, and hepatosomatic index. However, after a two-way ANOVA analysis considering all temperatures, only feed intake presented an interaction with lower values accordingly at the higher nutrient core. There is no clear tendency at suboptimal temperature, where fish probably survived at basal metabolism. The latter suggests that <em>M. saxatilis</em> mainly depends on the protein/lipid/micronutrient ratio at optimal temperatures to enhance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fishery wastes as feed additive for the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus: Impact on growth, biochemical composition, and digestive activity","authors":"E.S. García Martínez ,&nbsp;L. Stumpf ,&nbsp;M. Planas ,&nbsp;A.V. Fernández Gimenez ,&nbsp;L.S. López Greco","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the challenges in aquaculture is reducing the use of fishmeal to alleviate pressure on aquatic ecosystems while maintaining protein quality and digestibility. A promising approach is the supplementation of diets with exogenous enzymes, a strategy widely used in aquaculture nutrition but scarcely explored in crustaceans. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet composed of 65 % plant-based and 25 % animal-based ingredients, supplemented with a multienzyme extract derived from discards of the native Argentine shrimp <em>Pleoticus muelleri</em>, on juveniles of the red claw crayfish, <em>Cherax quadricarinatus.</em> Growth performance, endogenous digestive enzyme activities, and biochemical reserves (proteins, lipids, and glycogen) in hepatopancreas and pleon muscle were analyzed. Sixty-two crayfish weighting ⁓1.5 g were assigned to one of the following treatments: a control diet (C) or a diet supplemented with multienzyme extract (E). Crayfish were individually housed under optimal growing conditions and fed daily 3 % of their body mass; deaths and molts were recorded throughout the experiment. At day 45, fifteen replicates from each treatment were selected, weighed, anesthetized, and sacrificed. The hepatopancreas and pleon were dissected and weighed for biochemical analysis and assessment of digestive enzyme activity. The remaining replicates were subjected to the same procedure at the end of the experiment (day 90). Results showed that endogenous digestive enzymes were modulated by the multienzyme extract. Juveniles fed diet E significantly increased the specific activity of endogenous digestive peptidases and showed a trend of increasing lipases. The multienzyme extract also promoted lipid accumulation in hepatopancreas, increased glycogen in muscle, and reduced protein content in both tissues. These metabolic changes did not improve growth, as no significant differences in final weight were observed between treatments. The results highlight the need to analyze the synergy between varying concentrations of the multienzyme extract and endogenous enzymes within different protein: lipid ratios in diets, to enhance the digestive potential of crayfish and to improve growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could we partially replace maize with nut skins for more sustainable sheep diets? In vitro ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation","authors":"Martino Musati ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Hervás ,&nbsp;Antonio Natalello ,&nbsp;Pablo G. Toral ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Luciano ,&nbsp;Alessandro Priolo ,&nbsp;Pilar Frutos","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agro-industrial by-products might substitute conventional feedstuff in animal nutrition, in order to decrease the cost of their disposal, limit the environmental impact of feed production, and reduce feed-food competition. Nut industries generate a huge amount of fibrous by-products that are also a source of bioactive compounds, such as tannins, and have a notable lipid content, largely composed by unsaturated fatty acids (FA). Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effects of partial replacement of maize with almond, hazelnut, and pistachio kernel skins at three doses [70, 140, and 210 g/kg dry matter (DM)] on ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation. The study was performed <em>in vitro</em> with batch cultures of rumen microorganisms, using cannulated ewes as donors of rumen inocula. Total gas and methane production, ammonia, and volatile fatty acid concentration, and dry matter disappearance were analysed as indicators of rumen fermentation. To study ruminal biohydrogenation, <em>in vitro</em> digesta fatty acid profile was examined by gas chromatography. Pistachio skins did not affect any ruminal fermentation parameter. On the contrary, the highest doses of almond and hazelnut skins were capable of reducing gas and methane production and ammonia concentration. However, the highest levels of almond and hazelnut skins, as well as the medium dose of the latter, also reduced the production of volatile fatty acids. Most of these effects were probably due to the presence of tannins. Concerning <em>in vitro</em> ruminal biohydrogenation, FA profile showed that the inclusion of nut skins in the diet favored the accumulation of potentially health-promoting poly- and mono-unsaturated FA (e.g., <em>trans</em>-11 18:1), without a <em>trans</em>-10 shift. On the other hand, medium and high levels of almond and pistachio caused an increase in undesirable FA, such as <em>trans</em>-10 18:1 and <em>trans</em>-10 <em>cis</em>-12 18:2. Effects on biohydrogenation are mainly attributed to the phenolic compounds in nut skins. Further research would be advisable to verify if these findings are maintained under <em>in vivo</em> conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377840124002414/pdfft?md5=c220afdcad4b23733c36c4ce906092e3&pid=1-s2.0-S0377840124002414-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}