Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Fermented brewer's spent grain as a sustainable feed ingredient impacts meagre (Argyrosomus regius) growth, intermediary metabolism, digestive enzymes, oxidative stress, and intestinal histology","authors":"T. Estevão-Rodrigues ,&nbsp;H. Fernandes ,&nbsp;S. Moutinho ,&nbsp;A. Couto ,&nbsp;I. Belo ,&nbsp;C. Castro. ,&nbsp;P. Pousão ,&nbsp;J.M. Salgado ,&nbsp;A. Oliva-Teles ,&nbsp;H. Peres","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It was previously observed that solid-state fermentation (SSF) with <em>Aspergillus ibericus</em> increased brewer's spent grain (BSG) protein content (21 %) while reducing lipid (49 %), cellulose (30 %), hemicellulose (34 %), and lignin (7.3 %) contents. This study evaluated the potential of fermented BSG (BSG-SSF) as a novel feed ingredient for meagre (<em>Argyrosomus regius</em>) juveniles by evaluating growth performance, digestive function, intermediary metabolism, oxidative status, and intestinal histomorphology. Three diets were formulated: a control diet without BSG (15 % fish meal and 66 % plant ingredients) and two diets incorporating 10 % BSG or BSG-SSF, replacing 10 % of the plant ingredients. The diets were tested in triplicate for 10 weeks with meagre averaging 83 g initial weight. The dietary inclusion of BSG reduced fish growth performance and feed and protein utilization efficiency, while feed intake was unaffected. However, including BSG-SSF restored these parameters to the control diet levels. At the end of the trial, no significant differences were observed in whole-body composition, plasma metabolite profile, and intermediary metabolism enzyme activity. Hepatic and intestinal antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation also remained similar among diets. The dietary inclusion of BSG and BSG-SSF negatively impacted anterior intestine histomorphology compared to the control. However, the mean histomorphological score in the distal intestine was higher in fish fed BSG than in those fed BSG-SSF, which did not differ from the control. Overall, these findings indicate that BSG-SSF can be included in meagre juvenile diets without compromising growth performance or oxidative status, supporting the sustainable use of agro-industrial by-products in aquafeeds. Future research should focus on evaluating the digestibility of BSG and BSG-SSF, exploring higher inclusion levels of BSG-SSF, and assessing their long-term effects on meagre health and production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel procedure for estimating energy digestibility of feedstuffs fed to pigs","authors":"Su A Lee ,&nbsp;Chan Sol Park ,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first objective was to develop a novel <em>in vitro</em> degradation procedure using the Daisy^II incubator to predict energy digestibility in different feedstuffs fed to pigs. The second objective was to develop equations to predict <em>in vivo</em> energy digestibility using the <em>in vitro</em> dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) determined using both the conventional and the newly developed procedures. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in 11 feed ingredients including 3 cereal grains and 8 byproducts and a corn-soybean meal-based diet and 11 diets containing corn, soybean meal, and the 11 ingredients fed to growing pigs were determined in a previous study. First, the IVDMD in the feed ingredient and diet samples were determined using a conventional 3-step <em>in vitro</em> system (IVDMD_Flask). The novel procedure mostly followed those for the conventional <em>in vitro</em> procedure except that the incubation time of step 2 that simulates the digestion in the small intestine was longer (14 vs. 4 h) for the novel procedure (IVDMD_Daisy) compared with the conventional procedure and the novel procedure employed the Daisy^II incubator instead of flasks. Results indicated that the IVDMD_Flask provided a reasonable estimate: ATTD of energy = 1.22 + (0.930 × IVDMD_Flask) with r² = 0.96 and P &lt; 0.001. The IVDMD_Daisy also resulted in a reliable estimate: ATTD of energy = 2.26 + (0.931 × IVDMD_Daisy) with r² = 0.88 and P &lt; 0.001. In conclusion, both the conventional and the novel <em>in vitro</em> procedures can be used to predict energy digestibility of feed ingredients and diets fed to pigs. The Daisy^II incubator allows for the simultaneous measurement of the IVDMD of a large number (up to 36) of feed samples in a jar, which will reduce the needs for multiple flasks and the associated handlings required for the conventional <em>in vitro</em> procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented Chinese herbal medicines combined with probiotics promote growth of fattening lambs under heat stress by modulating rumen mucosal barrier functions","authors":"Shoupei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinsheng Sun ,&nbsp;Na Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Gaofu Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Liu ,&nbsp;Haitong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianjie Li ,&nbsp;Jia Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stress (HS) has caused substantial economic losses in the livestock industry, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been demonstrated significant potential in mitigating HS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fermented Chinese herbal medicines (FCHM) on growth performance in fattening lambs under HS and rumen mucosal barrier including mechanical, chemical, immune, and microbial barriers. One hundred sixty 4-month-old male fattening lambs (northeast fine-wool sheep × small-tail Han sheep, initial weight of 37.17 ± 0.44 kg) were randomly allocated into four groups. Each group included four replicates with 10 lambs per replicate, supplied with 0 % (control group), 0.5 %, 1.0 %, or 1.5 % FCHM in the diet. During the entire trial period of 90 days, temperature and humidity index in experimental shed averaged 72.73, under which lambs were suffering from HS. Average daily gain (ADG) showed an increase in the 1.0 % (<em>P</em> = 0.026) or 1.5 % (<em>P</em> = 0.003) FCHM group over the entire period, compared to the control, and dry matter intake in the 1.5 % group also increased (<em>P</em> = 0.009). From mechanical barrier in rumen mucosa, papilla length (All <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and papilla surface area were greater in the 1.0 % or 1.5 % groups (<em>P</em> = 0.005 or <em>P</em> = 0.007) than that in control. The mRNA expression levels of the tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and Occludin) were up-regulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in all FCHM-supplemented groups. From chemical barrier, pH value in rumen fluid demonstrated an increase (<em>P</em> = 0.021) in the 1.0 % group, while acetic acid concentrations decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in all FCHM groups, compared to control. From immune barrier, when FCHM was offered to lambs, secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in rumen mucosa increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 and Toll-like 4 receptor were down-regulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Also, serum interleukin-1β concentrations were lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in the 0.5 % or 1.0 % groups than control. For microbial barrier, diversity and abundance of rumen bacterial community were evaluated. Number of bacterial operational taxonomic units showed an increasing trend (<em>P</em> = 0.061) with FCHM. Moreover, relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased (<em>P</em> = 0.010) by the 1.5 % FCHM, and the abundances of <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG_003</em> was increased while <em>Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group</em> were decreased (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by the 1.0 % FCHM. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 functional predictions for metabolic pathway suggest that FCHM supplements influenced carbohydrate, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, dietary FCHM supplements could improve rumen mucosal barrier, thereby alleviating HS in fattening lambs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of feed additives in poultry nutrition: Historical, current and future perspectives","authors":"W. Nipuna U. Perera ,&nbsp;Velmurugu Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feed industry has been aggressively searching for innovative solutions to augment the nutrition and feeding of contemporary poultry strains, one of them being feed additives that improve the productivity, intestinal microbiome, environmental impact, welfare and bird health. The past, present and future perspectives in feed additives, and key additives that present opportunities to sustain the productivity and health of poultry are highlighted in this review. Surprisingly, a clear definition of feed additives remains problematic because they are extremely heterogeneous. Historically, only the non-nutritive components were considered as additives. However, changes in the legal frameworks in the European Union to include nutrients as feed additives have added further confusion. The parallels between historical developments amongst nutrition, commercial poultry production and feed additives are explored. For the purpose of clarity, additives are examined under two major groups in this overview. First, the first-generation additives used since the advent of commercial poultry industry in the 1950s are discussed; these include antibiotic growth promoters, coccidiostats, antioxidants, anticaking agents, pellet binders, mould inhibitors, mycotoxin binders and deactivators, pigmenting agents, palatability enhancers, trace mineral-vitamin premixes and choline chloride. Second, the second-generation additives entering the feed sector in recent decades are considered, including emulsifiers, betaine, guanidinoacetic acid dietary fibre, L-carnitine and myo-inositol. The focus, however, will be on those dealing with current industry issues of sustainability, environment and consumer concerns. In particular, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, exogenous enzymes and feed-grade amino acids will be examined in detail. The available literature and the mechanisms underpinning the actions of each additive are briefly reviewed and critically evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented soybean meal and soy protein concentrate had greater digestible energy but similar amino acid digestibility compared with soybean meal fed to weanling pigs","authors":"Yoon Soo Song,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to determine energy concentrations and amino acid (AA) digestibility in soybean meal (SBM), 3 sources of fermented SBM (FSBM), and soy protein concentrate (SPC) fed to weanling pigs. In experiment 1, twelve barrows (initial body weight = 8.7 kg ± 0.5) were used to measure digestible energy and metabolizable energy (ME) in the soybean products in a replicated 6 × 4 incomplete Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of 969 g/kg corn as the sole energy source. Five experimental diets were formulated by replacing corn in the basal diet with SBM at 310 g/kg, FSBM-A at 270 g/kg, FSBM-B at 260 g/kg, FSBM-C at 290 g/kg, and SPC at 240 g/kg. In experiment 2, ten barrows (initial body weight = 10.5 kg ± 0.9) equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were employed to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Five experimental diets contained SBM, 3 sources of FSBM, or SPC as the sole source of AA. The index method was employed for determining AA digestibility. The ME in FSBM-A and FSBM-B was greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with SBM but not different from the ME in FSBM-C or SPC. The SID of most AA in the 3 sources of FSBM was comparable to SBM or SPC. Overall, 2 of the FSBM sources had greater energy values compared with SBM but did not have different SID of AA compared with SBM or SPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of β-glucan derived from Euglena gracilis during late gestation and lactation in sows increases colostrum immunoglobulin G levels and enhances piglet performance","authors":"Jakavat Ruampatana ,&nbsp;Takele Feyera ,&nbsp;Junpen Suwimonteerabutr ,&nbsp;Unchean Yamsrikaew ,&nbsp;Morakot Nuntapaitoon","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prebiotics are widely used in the swine industry to enhance sow and piglet performance. <em>Euglena gracilis</em>, a β-glucan-rich prebiotic derived from algae, has shown potential to enhance immunity and promote growth of animals. This study evaluated the effects of maternal <em>E. gracilis</em> supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sows reproductive and piglet performances, serum and colostrum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, and colostrum and milk compositions. A total of 61 crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were categorized into parity classes and randomly assigned to either a standard diet (control; <em>n</em> = 30) or the standard diet supplemented with 1 g per day of <em>E.gracilis</em> (<em>E.gracilis</em>; <em>n</em> = 31) from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Sow and piglet performances were monitored from birth until day 21 of lactation. Blood and colostrum samples from sows at farrowing and piglet blood samples on day 21 of lactation were analyzed for IgG, IgA, and IgM. Colostrum and milk samples (days 3 and 10 of lactation) were evaluated for chemical compositions. Supplementation of <em>E. gracilis</em> did not affect sow reproductive performance. However, piglets suckled by <em>E. gracilis</em>-supplemented sows had greater body weight on day 21 of lactation than those from the control group (<em>P</em> = 0.047). Colostrum samples collected from <em>E. gracilis</em> supplemented sows had greater concentrations of IgG (<em>P</em> = 0.036), protein (<em>P</em> = 0.012), casein (<em>P</em> = 0.008), and Brix index (<em>P</em> = 0.043) compared to the control group. However, the chemical composition of milk on days 3 and 10 of lactation did not differ between the groups. Piglets suckled by sows supplemented with <em>E. gracilis</em> had lower serum IgM level than those suckled by the control sows (<em>P</em> = 0.007). In conclusion, <em>E. gracilis</em> supplementation in sow diet during late gestation and lactation enhanced colostrum quality, thereby enhancing piglet growth during the suckling period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between sainfoin proanthocyanidins and in vitro fermentation depending on time of harvest and level of inclusion in the diet","authors":"Clàudia Baila ,&nbsp;Sandra Lobón ,&nbsp;Mireia Blanco ,&nbsp;Isabel Casasús ,&nbsp;Margalida Joy","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of active proanthocyanidins (PAC) from sainfoin, either fresh or dehydrated included in the finishing concentrate of lambs, on <em>in vitro</em> ruminal fermentation parameters, by including polyethylene glycol to block PAC. Total gas and methane productions, ammonia (NH₃-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed in fresh and in dehydrated sainfoin included in concentrates for finishing lambs at different rates (0 %, 20 % and 40 %), and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) only in the latter. Under the conditions of the present <em>in vitro</em> study, active PAC from fresh and dehydrated sainfoin reduced the production of gas and methane (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), with no effect on total VFA (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The presence of active PAC reduced NH₃-N content in fresh sainfoin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas the lower PAC contents in concentrates including dehydrated sainfoin only elicited a tendency (<em>P</em> = 0.06). The presence of sainfoin PAC in the concentrate decreased the BH extent and promoted the <em>trans</em>-11 BH pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of sainfoin in the diet of lambs produced a nonlinear effect concerning gas production, with a decrease only when dehydrated sainfoin was included in the concentrate at 20 %. In contrast, a reduction in methane production was only obtained with a 40 % sainfoin addition. The inclusion of dehydrated sainfoin in the concentrate decreased the ruminal percentage of branched-chain fatty acids (FA; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and increased most of the <em>trans</em>-monounsaturated FA, C18:3 n-3, and BH intermediates (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dry ensiling and toasting on nutrient concentrations, antinutritional compounds, and the formation of Maillard polymers in field pea grains","authors":"Martin Bachmann ,&nbsp;Christian Kuhnitzsch ,&nbsp;Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ,&nbsp;Thomas Hofmann ,&nbsp;Thomas Henle ,&nbsp;Jörg M. Greef ,&nbsp;Siriwan D. Martens ,&nbsp;Annette Zeyner ,&nbsp;Olaf Steinhöfel","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of dry ensiling of field pea grains and toasting of the ensiled pea grains on crude nutrient concentrations and the energy value, starch morphology, protein fractions and solubility, formation of Maillard polymers, and trypsin inhibitor activity were studied. A total of 27.3 t pea grains, harvested at 786 g dry matter (DM)/kg, was ensiled in a silage bag for 9 months using lactic acid bacteria inoculants. The ensiled grains were toasted using a mobile toaster with a grain temperature graduated between 60 and 110 °C. The dry silage had a pH of 6.1 and mainly lactic acid (3.7 g/kg DM) and acetic acid (1.8 g/kg DM) were produced. The dry silage was stable for at least 7 days under aerobic storage conditions. Dry ensiling led to a reduction of acid detergent fibre, whereas the sugar concentration increased 1.7-fold (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Subsequent toasting increased the fibre fractions and decreased sugar and non-fibre carbohydrates concentration, starting at 80 °C grain temperature (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The crude protein (CP) concentration remained unaffected. Estimated concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) for dairy cows and horses, ME for swine (MES), or nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEN) were not affected by dry ensiling. Toasting mainly affected AMEN, which decreased by 1 MJ/kg DM between 60 and 110 °C grain temperature. Dry ensiling and toasting did not or just marginally alter starch granule morphology. Ensiling and toasting distinctly changed CP fractions. Following dry ensiling, soluble protein was reduced from 73 % to 33 % of CP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Toasting led to a further decrease in soluble protein to 11 % of CP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Toasting increased irreversibly insoluble parts of CP, starting at 80 °C grain temperature (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Lysine was 11.6 g/kg DM in native and 9.6 g/kg DM in ensiled pea grains (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Fuctoselysine, carboxymethyllysine, and pyrraline increased 26- (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), 28- (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), and 8-fold (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) after dry ensiling, respectively. Toasting decreased lysine starting at 80 °C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Lysine adducts specifically changed, with pyrraline massively increased at any stage of temperature increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Arginine was 7.6 g/kg DM in native peas. The arginine adduct methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone was tripled after dry ensiling (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and increased throughout toasting temperature stages (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The native pea grains contained 3.8 g inhibited trypsin/kg DM, which only toasting reduced starting at 80 °C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). To avoid fixing the pea protein, a maximum temperature of 80 °C in the grain should not be exceeded, which, however, limits meaningful application of heat treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and silage quality of forage from intercropped silage maize and perennial legumes","authors":"Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Tjeerd-Jan Stomph ,&nbsp;Yingjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingying Jing ,&nbsp;Paul C. Struik","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intercropping provides options for on-farm production of high-quality silage. Here, alfalfa, white clover and red clover were grown with maize in 50 %/50 %, strip intercrops fertilized at 100 or 250 kg N ha⁻¹ during 2021–2023. Fresh materials from the final harvests of intercrops and sole crops were ensiled as well as their mixtures at two ratios (80 %/20 %; 60 %/40 % maize/perennial legume), with an average dry matter content of 350 g kg FM⁻¹. Dry matter, crude protein, starch, acid detergent fibre, and neutral detergent fibre concentrations were assessed using wet chemical analyses. Silage from mixtures attained higher concentrations for crude protein and starch and lower concentrations for acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre (g kg DM⁻¹) than mixing silages of sole maize and sole legume. However, the dry matter yield of silage (Mg ha⁻¹) produced from maize-perennial legume intercropping was lower, albeit of higher silage quality than sole maize silage. The land equivalent ratio was 1.20 ± 0.04 for maize-white clover in 2023. Silage productivity and quality were better at high than at low N input. We found quality advantages of ensiling maize-perennial legume mixtures. However, either a 20 % or 40 % perennial legume mixing proportion in the mixed silage with maize is hard to attain through maize-perennial legume intercropping as legumes produced little at their final cuts, due to shading. Nevertheless, maize-red clover mixed silage increased quality, likely through quality changes in maize biomass. Intercropping did not allow to reduce N input while maintaining silage dry matter yield and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bacillus Licheniformis supplementation on growth performance, health status, and oxidative stress in male dairy calves during the weaning transition period","authors":"Yulin Ma ,&nbsp;Yubin Ma ,&nbsp;Shuangming Yang,&nbsp;Yuchen Cheng,&nbsp;Wenyi Ren,&nbsp;Xiaonv Liu,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Yan Kang,&nbsp;Haibo Li,&nbsp;Lili Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (BL) supplementation on growth performance, health status, blood metabolic parameters, inflammatory responses, and intestinal permeability in Holstein dairy calves during the weaning transition. Sixteen male Holstein calves, averaging an initial body weight (BW) of 60 ± 5.0 kg at 35 days of age, were divided into two groups: a control group (milk replacer without BL) and a BL-supplemented group (milk replacer with 0.5 g of BL per head per day). The calves were weaned on day 75 (d 75) and monitored until day 90 (d 90). Results indicated that BL supplementation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), although it did not affect starter intake, hay intake, BW, or feed efficiency (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Notable increases in withers height on days 75 and 89 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and body circumference on day 65 were observed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Conversely, a decrease in body length was noted on days 50 and 65 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Immunological activity improved in the BL-supplemented calves, demonstrated by elevated levels of IL-10 and IgG (initially) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and a decrease in TNF-α concentration by day 14 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, BL supplementation enhanced catalase (CAT) levels on days 3 and 14, and malondialdehyde (MDA) on days 1 and 7(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with a notable reduction in fecal MDA concentrations on day 7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, BL supplementation not only enhanced growth performance and immune function but also bolstered antioxidant capacity and mitigated intestinal oxidative stress in dairy calves during the weaning transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 116368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}