饲料中脂类和DHA对草鱼生长性能、饲料利用、脂类代谢、抗氧化能力和免疫反应的个体效应和协同效应

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116471

Rongrong Xue , Handong Li , Shanghong Ji, Luyao Jia, Lu Zhou, Mingkui Wei, Tao Zhao, Jian Sun, Hong Ji

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究采用2 × 3因子设计，制定了六种饮食（指定为NFD- dha0， NFD- dha0.5, NFD- dha1.0, HFD- dha0, HFD- dha0.5和HFD- dha1.0），其中NFD表示正常脂肪饮食（5.0 %脂质），HFD表示高脂肪饮食（10.0 %脂质）。饲喂初始体重为229.71 ± 0.38 g的草鱼8周，研究饲料中脂类和DHA对草鱼生长性能、饲料利用和肝脏健康的独立影响和协同影响。结果表明，饲粮脂肪水平和DHA含量之间存在显著的协同作用，影响生长性能、饲料利用率、脂质代谢和抗氧化能力（P <； 0.05）。饲粮中添加DHA可显著提高草鱼的生长性能（P <； 0.05），显著降低草鱼的饲料系数（FCR）、条件因子（CF）、内脏指数（VSI）和肝体指数（HSI）（P <； 0.05）。10 %脂质水平,1.0 % DHA不仅降低肝脂质原油(10.86 ±0.98  %)和甘油三酸酯水平(0.14 ± 0.01μ摩尔/ g蛋白)通过提高基因的表达参与脂类分解(高速逻辑:1.93 ± 0.14;atgl: 1.36±0.03 )和脂质利用率(pparα:2.34 ± 0.25;cpt-1: 1.43 ± 0.09;echs1: 1.83 ± 0.06; acad9: 1.40±0.16 )(P & lt; 0.05),但也减轻肝脏炎症通过提高抗氧化酶活性(SOD: 115.18 ± 1.92 U /毫克蛋白,猫:26.87 ± 0.85 U /毫克蛋白)和mRNA表达(SOD: 1.59 ±0.09 ,猫: 1.92±0.03 )抗炎因子(P & lt; 0.05)。值得注意的是，在5 %脂质水平下，NFD-DHA0.5组表现出最佳的生长性能、脂质利用和抗氧化能力。综上所示，在5 %脂质饲料中添加0.5 % DHA或在10 %脂质饲料中添加1 % DHA均可优化草鱼的生长和肝脏健康，为无鱼粉水产养殖饲料的配方提供有价值的见解。

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The individual and synergistic effects of dietary lipids and DHA on the growth performance, feed utilization, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

This study employed a 2 × 3 factorial design to formulate six diets (designated as NFD-DHA0, NFD-DHA0.5, NFD-DHA1.0, HFD-DHA0, HFD-DHA0.5, and HFD-DHA1.0), where NFD denotes a normal-fat diet (5.0 % lipid) and HFD denotes a high-fat diet (10.0 % lipid). These diets were administered to grass carp with an initial body weight of 229.71 ± 0.38 g for 8 weeks to assess the independent and synergistic effects of dietary lipids and DHA on growth performance, feed utilization, and liver health. The results reveal a significant synergistic interaction between dietary lipid levels and DHA content, which affected growth performance, feed utilization, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). Supplementing both NFD and HFD diets with DHA significantly enhanced the growth performance of grass carp (P < 0.05), while markedly reducing their Feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF), visceral index (VSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI) (P < 0.05). At a 10 % lipid level, 1.0 % DHA not only decreased hepatic crude lipid (10.86 ± 0.98 %) and triglyceride levels (0.14 ± 0.01 μmol/g protein) by enhancing the expression of genes involved in lipolysis (hsl: 1.93 ± 0.14; atgl: 1.36 ± 0.03) and lipid utilization (pparα: 2.34 ± 0.25; cpt-1: 1.43 ± 0.09; echs1: 1.83 ± 0.06; and acad9: 1.40 ± 0.16) (P < 0.05), but also alleviated hepatic inflammation by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD: 115.18 ± 1.92 U/mg protein, CAT: 26.87 ± 0.85 U/mg protein) and the mRNA expression (sod: 1.59 ± 0.09, cat: 1.92 ± 0.03) of anti-inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). Notably, at a 5 % lipid level, the NFD-DHA0.5 group exhibited the optimal growth performance, lipid utilization, and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, supplementing 0.5 % DHA in a 5 % lipid diet or 1 % DHA in a 10 % lipid diet can optimize both growth and liver health in grass carp, providing valuable insights for the formulation of fishmeal-free aquaculture feeds.

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来源期刊

Animal Feed Science and Technology 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Animal Feed Science and Technology is a unique journal publishing scientific papers of international interest focusing on animal feeds and their feeding. Papers describing research on feed for ruminants and non-ruminants, including poultry, horses, companion animals and aquatic animals, are welcome. The journal covers the following areas: Nutritive value of feeds (e.g., assessment, improvement) Methods of conserving and processing feeds that affect their nutritional value Agronomic and climatic factors influencing the nutritive value of feeds Utilization of feeds and the improvement of such Metabolic, production, reproduction and health responses, as well as potential environmental impacts, of diet inputs and feed technologies (e.g., feeds, feed additives, feed components, mycotoxins) Mathematical models relating directly to animal-feed interactions Analytical and experimental methods for feed evaluation Environmental impacts of feed technologies in animal production.