Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Condensed tannins from black wattle as a promising nutritional additive for Nile tilapia: Growth, immune and antioxidant responses, and gut morphology","authors":"Danielle Dias Brutti ,&nbsp;Débora Eloísa Uez ,&nbsp;Greicy Sofia Maysonnave ,&nbsp;Renato Augusto Konrath ,&nbsp;Vitória Mendonça da Silva ,&nbsp;Samay Zillmann Rocha Costa ,&nbsp;Fernando Jonas Sutili","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to investigate the potential of condensed tannins (CT), derived from black wattle (<em>Acacia mearnsii</em>) tree bark, as a nutritional additive for Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) juveniles. CT are known for their antioxidant and immune-modulating properties, and their inclusion in aquafeeds may enhance fish health and performance. In this study, six diets were formulated: one control diet (Con) with no additives, and five experimental diets supplemented with CT extract at concentrations of 150, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg (CT150, CT250, CT500, CT750, CT1000, respectively). The selection of these doses was based on previous studies indicating that lower concentrations (below 1000 mg/kg of diet) of tannins may offer benefits, while higher concentrations could exhibit antinutritional effects. After a 90-day feeding trial, fish fed the CT150 diet exhibited significantly higher growth compared to the control group. Additionally, fish in the CT150 group showed higher plasma lysozyme activity, while myeloperoxidase activity and hemolytic activity of the complement system were significantly higher in all tannin-fed groups compared to the control. Notably, CT150-fed fish demonstrated liver antioxidant responses comparable to or better than the control group, with no significant increase in lipid peroxidation, suggesting antioxidant protection. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in intestinal villi density in the CT150 and CT500 groups compared to the control. While all groups showed an increase in absorption surface area (ASA), this increase was statistically significant only in the CT250, CT500, and CT750 groups when compared to the control. Furthermore, the CT150 diet led to the highest survival rate (80 %) following a bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with 150 mg/kg of CT from black wattle bark provides the most beneficial effects on growth, immune response, and survival in Nile tilapia juveniles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with functional amino acids improves the capacity of growing pigs to cope with a health challenge","authors":"I. França ,&nbsp;G.A.C. Valini ,&nbsp;P.R. Arnaut ,&nbsp;M.T. Ortiz ,&nbsp;C.A. Silva ,&nbsp;M.J.K. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;G.S.C. Paulino ,&nbsp;D.A. Marçal ,&nbsp;A.D.B. Melo ,&nbsp;J.K. Htoo ,&nbsp;H.G. Brand ,&nbsp;I. Andretta ,&nbsp;L. Hauschild","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116148","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to assess the effects of additional dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (FAA) with Thr, Trp, and Met as a preventive (prior to health challenge), curative strategy (during health challenge) or both targeting the performance, body composition, metabolic biomarkers of growing group-housed pigs raised under a health challenge. Additionally, the influence of these feeding strategies on pig response was investigated after the challenge (during the finishing phase). Sixty weaned piglets [6.3 ± 0.9 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed based on BW in a nursery barn to one of two dietary treatments (n = 30): control (CN) or supplemented with FAA blend (FAA+; 120 % of the Thr:Lys, Trp:Lys, and Met+Cys:Lys requirements) for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, the pigs (27.9 ± 4.2 kg of BW) were distributed in a randomized complete block design to one of four treatments for the period of the health challenge period in the growing phase: pigs fed a CN diet during the nursery period were either maintained on a CN diet (control; n = 14) or switched to an FAA+ diet (curative strategy; n = 14), whereas the pigs fed an FAA+ diet during the nursery period were either fed a CN diet (preventive strategy; n = 14) or continued receiving an FAA+ diet (continuous strategy; n = 14). The health challenge consisted of subjecting growing pigs to batch mixing, poor housing conditions, and oral inoculation with &lt;em&gt;Salmonella&lt;/em&gt; Typhimurium (ST). Poor housing conditions were maintained for 4 weeks (weeks 8–11). After this period, the pigs received the same standard diets for 9 weeks (weeks 12–20), and the facilities were cleaned daily. The health challenge increased the rectal temperature (P &lt; 0.01) and serum concentrations of haptoglobin (P &lt; 0.05), IgA (P &lt; 0.05), IgG (P &lt; 0.01), triglycerides (P &lt; 0.01), creatinine (P &lt; 0.01), and urea (P &lt; 0.01), while reducing serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (P &lt; 0.01), albumin (P &lt; 0.01), and glucose (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed a continuous FAA+ diet trend towards lower fecal ST shedding (P &lt; 0.10) than did the curative strategy pigs and had better fecal consistency scores (P &lt; 0.01) than did the control pigs. During the challenge period, pigs fed FAA+ curatively or continuously demonstrated higher average daily gain and feed efficiency compared to control pigs (P &lt; 0.01). Greater (P &lt; 0.05) protein deposition (+30 %) and improved (P &lt; 0.05) nitrogen retention efficiency (+20 % to curative and +30 % to continuous strategies) were observed in the pigs fed the FAA+ diet during the health challenge compared with the control pigs. Curative-fed FAA+ pigs had greater BW at the end of the finishing phase than did the control and preventive group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FAA supplementation as a curative or continuous strategy is highly effective at improving the performance and body composition of growing pigs under a health challeng","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of psychrotrophic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 with exoploysaccharides-producing property on fermentation, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage at low temperature","authors":"Rina Su ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Cui ,&nbsp;Hao Guan ,&nbsp;Wencan Ke ,&nbsp;Ying Liang ,&nbsp;Hu Chen ,&nbsp;Neha Sheoran ,&nbsp;Mengya Jia ,&nbsp;Yiling Yang ,&nbsp;Lizhuang Hao ,&nbsp;Guojun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xusheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low temperature during oat harvesting season in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a primary challenge for successful silage fermentation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a psychrotrophic <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> (<em>L. plantarum</em>) L75 strain with exoploysaccharides (EPS)-producing property on fermentation quality, bacterial community, and antioxidant activity of oat silage ensiled at low temperature. The freshly chopped oat was subjected to three different treatments: ⅰ) no inoculation (control); ⅱ) inoculated with psychrotrophic <em>L. plantarum</em> L75, possessing EPS-producing properties; ⅲ) inoculated with a commercial inoculant <em>L. plantarum</em>. All inoculants were applied at a rate of 1 × 10⁵ cfu/g on a fresh matter basis, and then ensiled at 25, 15, and 10℃, respectively. Results indicated that the strain L75 exhibited better performance in EPS production, growth rate, and acid production compared to the commercial inoculant at low temperature. Inoculating with both strains improved the silage quality of oat forage by enhancing fermentation quality and suppressing undesirable microorganisms such as <em>Hafnia alvei</em> and <em>Ewingella americana</em> throughout the fermentation process compared to the control silage. Importantly, L75 was more effective than the commercial inoculant in enhancing fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and the proportion of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>, leading to lower dry matter loss of oat silages at low temperature. In conclusion, the psychrotrophic strain L75 with EPS-producing property has great potential to improve fermentation quality and antioxidant activities of oat silage by altering bacterial composition at low temperatures. Thus, strain L75 can be used as a candidate strain for making high-quality silage in alpine region with low temperature in forage harvesting season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on growth performance and carbohydrate utilisation in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino","authors":"Weifang Wang ,&nbsp;Michael J. Salini ,&nbsp;Huitao Li ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the importance of carbohydrates in the natural diet of abalone, there is little information about the specific effects of commonly available dietary sources. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of several carbohydrate sources, using a semi-purified base diet containing casein and gelatine, on the growth performance metrics and metabolic response of abalone, <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> Ino. Six experimental diets were formulated containing 33.50 % of different carbohydrate sources including dextrin, pregelatinized wheat starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, potato starch and corn starch. The diets were fed to the abalone with an initial weight of 3.42 ± 0.02 g in triplicate tanks for 24 weeks, housed in a recirculation system, with seawater maintained at 18–20 ℃. There were no significant differences detected in the average daily increment in shell length (DISL, μm/day) or survival of abalone fed the six treatments containing different carbohydrate sources. However, there were significant differences detected in the average final weight and weight gain rate (WGR, %) parameters, with the lowest final weight (8.16 ± 0.29 g) and WGR (140.38 ± 6.57 %) observed in the potato starch fed abalone.While the potato starch group had the ssignificant highest valuein the moisture content (79.31 ± 0.07 %), crude protein (75.37 ± 0.37 %) and crude ash (10.52 ± 0.20 %) present in the soft-tissue and similarly in the crude ash level (96.06 ± 0.29 %) in the shell composition among the six dietary treatments. There was no significant difference found in the soft-tissue lipid content (5.84–6.87 %). The dextrin-based diet led to elevated plasma glucose (0.85 ± 0.06 mmol/l) in abalone compared with the other treatment groups. The concentration of muscle glycogen in abalone fed with pregelatinized wheat starch showed the highest values with 78.45 ± 1.53 mg/g tissue, which was significantly different to the other treatment groups, however, the digestive gland glycogen content (15.56–19.27 mg/g tissue) was maintained at a constant level regardless of the dietary carbohydrate sources. The digestive gland α-amylase activity in abalone was significantly higher in the pregelatinized wheat starch fed abalone (211.65 ± 16.16 mg starch/30 min/g protein) compared to the dextrin (93.58 ± 13.40 mg starch/30 min/g protein) and potato (99.37 ± 11.15 mg starch/30 min/g protein) starch fed abalones. The results presented demonstrate that abalone efficiently utilized the carbohydrate sources evaluated in the present study, the dextrin and pregelatinized wheat starch were the most suitable sources based on the growth performance alone. There were discrete metabolic and enzymatic responses observed among the dietary groups, like the interrupting the normal glucose metabolic processes by the potato starch,which may lead to improved dietary formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfalfa intervention alters the colonization of rumen epithelial bacteria to promote rumen development and lamb health during early life","authors":"Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yalu Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Luo ,&nbsp;Bo He ,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiakun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the rumen epithelial (RE) microbial community structure and population dynamics of young ruminant during development is fundamental in promoting the establishment of a well-developed rumen for animal health and production. In this study, 10-day-old Hu lambs were fed with milk replacer (B-10), milk replacer and starter (STA) or milk replacer and starter supplemented with alfalfa (S-ALF). The RE bacteria of lambs at d10, 17, 24, 38, 45 and 66 were assessed to characterize RE bacterial colonization during early life and its response to fiber intervention. In B-10 lambs, 434 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 57 core genera were observed in the RE. A number of the fibrolytic bacteria (<em>Butyrivibrio</em> and unclassified <em>Ruminococcaceae</em>), the pectinolytic bacterium (<em>Treponema</em>), the protein and fat digester (<em>p-75-a5</em>), the short-chain fatty acids producers (<em>[Eubacterium]</em>, <em>Succiniclasticum</em>, unclassified <em>Succinivibrionaceae</em>, and <em>Clostridiales</em>), and the non-fermentive bacterium (<em>Mogibacterium</em>) were induced by alfalfa intervention in the S-ALF group during preweaning period, which attributed to a more mature RE bacterial community. OTUs belonging to <em>Butyrivibrio</em>, <em>Succiniclasticum</em>, <em>Bacteroidales</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, <em>Clostridiales</em>, and <em>Succiniclasticum</em> induced by alfalfa intervention were positively correlated with rumen tissue genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, barrier function, and PI3K-Akt, FoxO, and calcium signaling pathways. During the postweaning period, the RE bacterial composition of STA group changed significantly, while the S-ALF group did not. Our results suggested that alfalfa induced changes in RE bacteria during preweaning period which was associated with rumen health. The findings provide guidance for improving rumen health by manipulating RE bacteria during early life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 115797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49756473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of beak trimming at hatch and oat hulls inclusion in the diet on growth performance, preference behaviour for coarse particles and gastrointestinal tract traits of brown-egg pullets from 1–35 days of age","authors":"J. Ben-Mabrouk,&nbsp;G.G. Mateos,&nbsp;N.L. Corrales,&nbsp;A.F. de Juan,&nbsp;L. Aguirre,&nbsp;L. Cámara","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of infra-red beak treatment (IRBT) at hatch and the inclusion of oat hulls (OH) in the diet on growth performance, water intake (WI), preference behaviour for coarse particles and the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), was studied in brown-egg pullets from 1 to 35 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with beak treatment (IRBT vs. sham) and OH inclusion (0 vs. 30 g/kg diet) as main effects. Each treatment was replicated 20 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 10 pullets. Growth performance and water intake were determined by week and cumulatively. Preference behaviour for coarse particles and the development of selected organs of the GIT, were determined at 28 and 35 days of age, respectively. No interactions between IRBT and OH inclusion were detected for any of the traits studied at any age, and therefore, only main effects are discussed. Cumulatively (1–35 days of age), IRBT increased mortality (P<em>&lt;</em>0.01) and reduced feed consumption (P<em>&lt;</em>0.001), body weight (BW) gain (P &lt; 0.01) and water intake (P &lt; 0.001), but improved feed conversion (P &lt; 0.001) of the pullets. Oat hulls inclusion did not affect BW gain, BW uniformity or energy conversion ratio, but reduced pullet mortality (P = 0.099) and water to feed ratio (P &lt; 0.05). The interactions detected between age and IRBT on pullet performance were numerous. From 1–21 days of age, BW gain was better for the sham than for the IRBT pullets but an opposite effect was observed from 29 to 35 days of age (P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, from 1 to 28 days of age, BW uniformity and WI were higher for the sham than for the IRBT pullets but no differences were detected from 29 to 35 days of age. Preference behaviour for coarse particles, measured at 28 days of age, was greater for the sham than for the IRBT pullets (P &lt; 0.001). In summary, infra-red beak treatment increased mortality from 1 to 7 days of age and reduced pullet performance from 1 to 28 days of age but not thereafter. Young pullets show a clear preference to consume coarse particles. Oat hulls inclusion increased feed intake and decreased mortality and water to feed ratio of the pullets but did not affect energy efficiency or the development of the gastrointestinal tract.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 115789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of spray-dried bovine plasma on growth performance, immune system, and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Abraham Cano ,&nbsp;Oscar Basílio Del Rio-Zaragoza ,&nbsp;José Antonio Mata-Sotres ,&nbsp;Luis Alonso Galindo-Valdez ,&nbsp;Carmen Monroy-Dosta ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Viana","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aquaculture industry in Mexico is searching for food<span> ingredients that increase productivity without negatively affecting overall performance and health. Bovine plasma has been shown to contain a high concentration of bioactive compounds<span> and growth factors that improve intestinal function and nutrient absorption. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) on growth performance, protein efficiency, immune system, and survival in white shrimp (</span></span></span><span><em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em></span>). Four diets were formulated to contain 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% SDBP in isoproteic and isolipidic diets. Then, 120 juveniles of <em>L. vannamei</em><span> (4.02 ± 0.03) were randomly distributed in 12 ponds of 500-L with filtered seawater under a recirculation system (RAS). The diets were randomly distributed among the experimental tanks, with three ponds assigned per experimental diet. The feed was offered three times a day for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, shrimp fed the diet with 3% SDBP had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved overall performance compared to the other dietary treatments. Also, diets enriched with SDBP presented a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) of hemocytes compared to the dietary treatment SDBP-0, with a positive correlation between the number of hemocytes and increasing SDBP content. Furthermore, diets with 3% and 6% SDBP had the highest survival rate (90.0% and 93.3%, respectively). In conclusion, SDBP added at 3% in shrimp diets resulted in improved growth, survival, and hemocyte count. Therefore, SDBP is an excellent alternative to maintaining healthy shrimp.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 115792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ellagic and gallic acid on the mitigation of methane production and ammonia formation in an in vitro model of short-term rumen fermentation","authors":"Michele Manoni ,&nbsp;Melissa Terranova ,&nbsp;Sergej Amelchanka ,&nbsp;Luciano Pinotti ,&nbsp;Paolo Silacci ,&nbsp;Marco Tretola","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ruminant production is an important source of animal proteins for human nutrition. However, ruminants contribute to about 30% of anthropogenic methane (CH₄) emissions worldwide. The reduction of CH₄ emissions could represent an important strategy against climate warming. Tannins can play an important role in the mitigation of CH₄ emissions from ruminants. However, their mode of action is not yet well known. Thus, the present study aimed to gain a better understanding of the effect of ellagic acid (EA) and gallic acid (GA) on rumen fermentation using a model of short-term <em>in vitro</em> rumen fermentation. The basal diet (hay) was supplemented with EA and GA in five treatments (mg/g dry matter): i) EA 75, ii) EA 150, iii) GA 75, iv) GA 150 and v) EA 75 + GA 75. After a 24 h incubation, pH, ammonia formation, gas production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), <em>in vitro</em> organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and the microbial count were assessed. Total gas production and digestible organic matter (dOM) were decreased after all the treatments, except for GA 75. The treatments EA 150 and EA+GA significantly decreased CH₄ production per unit of dietary DM, dOM, CO₂ and SCFA. Ammonia production was significantly decreased by EA 150 and EA+GA. EA and GA differently affected the relative abundance of selected bacterial taxa in rumen microbiota. To conclude, EA 150 and EA+GA exerted a significant effect on the reduction of CH₄ emissions and ammonia formation, but affecting also the rumen degradability of the diet and the total SCFA production, whereas EA 75 and GA 75 were not effective as EA 150 and EA+GA on CH₄ and ammonia, but were less detrimental on feed degradability and SCFA. Further studies are needed to determine whether the beneficial and detrimental effects of tannins on rumen fermentation can be dissociated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber and ash contents as independent variables can predict metabolizable energy and coefficient of energy digestibility of diets for growing pigs without dietary information","authors":"Jeonghyeon Son ,&nbsp;Jongkeon Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunwoong Jo ,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The objectives of the present study were to develop prediction equations for digestible energy (DE), </span>metabolizable energy<span> (ME), and coefficient of energy digestibility (ED) of swine diets using fecal nutrients as independent variables without dietary information and to validate the prediction equations. A total of 262 fecal samples obtained from growing pigs<span><span><span> fed 27 diets in 4 experiments were used to develop prediction equations for DE, ME, and ED. These equations were validated using 95 fecal samples obtained from growing pigs fed 12 diets in an additional experiment. The diets were based mainly on corn, </span>soybean meal, and other plant-originated feed ingredients. In the digestibility experiments, feces and urine were quantitatively collected using the marker-to-marker procedure. Diet and fecal samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein, ash, and amylase-treated </span>neutral detergent fiber (aNDF). The DE of the 27 diets ranged from 12,164 to 18,301 kJ/kg DM and ME of 24 diets ranged from 11,603 to 16,657 kJ/kg DM. Coefficients of ED for the 27 diets ranged from 0.667 to 0.919. Fecal ash was positively correlated with DE (r = 0.81; P &lt; 0.001), ME (r = 0.66; P &lt; 0.001), and coefficient of ED (r = 0.67; P &lt; 0.001) whereas fecal aNDF was negatively correlated with DE (r = –0.66; P &lt; 0.001), ME (r = –0.74; P &lt; 0.001), and coefficient of ED (r = –0.67; P &lt; 0.001). The prediction equations developed using fecal nutrients were: DE (kJ/kg DM) = 15,077 + (13.72 × ash) – (4.65 × aNDF) (R</span></span></span>² = 0.71; P &lt; 0.001); ME (kJ/kg DM) = 17,067 + (6.54 × ash) – (7.56 × aNDF) (R² = 0.63; P &lt; 0.001); and coefficient of ED = 0.881 + (0.00037 × ash) – (0.00028 × aNDF) (R² = 0.57; P &lt; 0.001) where nutrients are expressed as g/kg DM. Based on the regression analysis for validation of the equations, the prediction equations for DE and coefficient of ED using only fecal aNDF did not have mean bias or linear bias. In conclusion, DE values, ME values, and coefficient of ED for swine diets are correlated with fecal ash and aNDF concentrations and the energy values can be predicted using fecal ash and aNDF concentrations without dietary information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of grape seed extract improves the gastrointestinal development of weaned beef calves","authors":"Jian Ma ,&nbsp;Xue Fan ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangxian Zhou ,&nbsp;Fuquan Yin ,&nbsp;Zhihui Zhao ,&nbsp;Shangquan Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This experiment evaluated the potential benefits of grape seed extract<span><span> (GSE) supplementation on digestive enzyme activity, gastrointestinal morphology and barrier function of weaned beef calves. A total of 30 </span>Simmental<span> crossbred male calves with similar age (68 ± 6 d) and body weight (83.47 ± 4.59 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control (CON) (fed basal diet) and GSE (fed basal diet and 4 g/d GSE per animal). The experimental period was 60 d. Compared with CON group, the serum diamine oxidase<span> and lipopolysaccharide concentrations in GSE group were reduced (</span></span></span></span><em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.05), while the activity of ruminal cellulase<span> and ileal trypsin and chymotrypsin displayed an opposite pattern (</span></span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) between the groups. The ruminal papilla height and surface area of GSE group were higher (<em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.05) than those of CON group. A similar pattern of ileal villus surface area and villus-to-crypt ratio was observed between the groups. Also, GSE supplementation increased (</span><em>P</em><span><span> &lt; 0.05) the secretory immunoglobulin A content in the jejunum and ileum. The </span>rumen, jejunum and ileum of GSE calves displayed lower (</span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-alpha and higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) interleukin-10 mRNA expressions. Calves supplemented with GSE increased (<em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.05) the expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the rumen and ileum. The findings in this study suggested that GSE improved the gastrointestinal development of weaned beef calves.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}