Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Meta-analysis of in vitro studies on the effects of rumen-protected oils on rumen fermentation products, methane mitigation, microbial populations, and feed digestibility","authors":"Hajrian Rizqi Albarki ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sulaiman Daulai ,&nbsp;Raihani Indah Kusuma ,&nbsp;Chanon Suntara ,&nbsp;Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai ,&nbsp;Anuraga Jayanegara ,&nbsp;Anusorn Cherdthong","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil is commonly supplemented in livestock diets to increase energy intake and fat consumption. Protected oils are designed to bypass rumen fermentation, reducing biohydrogenation and providing fatty acids that livestock can efficiently utilize. To date, no meta-analyses have been conducted to assess the effects of protected oil on rumen fermentation <em>in vitro</em>. This study investigated the influence of protected oil on rumen fermentation products, microbial populations, and digestibility through <em>in vitro</em> experiments. Research problem formulation in this meta-analysis study uses the PICO method. Meta-analysis was conducted using the PRISMA method for the selection of database development. Data collection was collected using the data tabulation process, and obtained the range of levels of protected oil used was between 1 % and 35 % of DM. The analysis process in this study used OpenMEE, Medcalc, and Microsoft excel applications. The meta-analysis revealed that protected oil significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) methane (CH₄) production, total protozoa, and total bacterial counts. Protected oil was also associated with an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), although meta-regression indicated that this effect was not strongly correlated with dosage. Protected oil did not significantly affect (P &gt; 0.05) pH and NH₃-N levels. It also significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) <em>in vitro</em> dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), <em>in vitro</em> organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and <em>in vitro</em> neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), while significantly increasing (P &lt; 0.05) <em>in vitro</em> crude protein digestibility (IVCPD). Meta-regression revealed weak correlations between protected oil levels and IVDMD (R² = 0.19), CH₄ (R² = 0.02), and TVFA (R² = 0.01), indicating that factors beyond dosage likely influenced these outcomes. In the subgroup meta-analysis of IVDMD, TVFA, and CH₄ across oil types, protection methods, and control groups, varying results were observed. In conclusion, protected oil supplementation may enhance <em>in vitro</em> VFA production and help mitigate CH₄ emissions, although its effects are not clearly dose-dependent. This study highlights the potential of protected oils for nutritional and environmental benefits in ruminant diets, while underscoring the need for further standardized research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a cost-effective and environmentally friendly digestion method for preparing animal feed samples for elemental analysis","authors":"Rayane C. Vieira Costa ,&nbsp;Edilene C. Ferreira ,&nbsp;José A. Gomes Neto ,&nbsp;Alex Virgilio","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel method using a closed-vessel conductively heated digestion system (CHDS) with diluted nitric acid was developed for the decomposition of animal foods and determination of B, C, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The effects of acidity were evaluated by digesting samples using 2 mL of HNO₃ at 3.5, 7.0, and 14 mol L⁻¹ plus 1 mL of 30 % (w w⁻¹) H₂O_2, and the accuracy was checked by analyzing certified reference materials. Recoveries for all analytes varied in the 81–113 % (3.5 mol L⁻¹), 83–114 % (7.0 mol L⁻¹), and 80–114 % (14 mol L⁻¹) intervals. Commercial samples of cat, dog, rabbit, bird, fish, and horse foods were analyzed, and the results found by CHDS were equivalent to those obtained by the comparative benchmark microwave-assisted digestion (MW-AD) method. Limits of quantification obtained by CHDS using HNO₃ 3.5 mol L⁻¹, 7 mol L⁻¹, and 14 mol L⁻¹ were also comparable to those observed with MW-AD. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) determined in all digests was lower than 2000 L^−1, which is considered acceptable for determinations by ICP techniques. The analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) furnished a score of 0.50 for digestions with 3.5 mol L⁻¹, suggesting a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative method for sample preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bovaer inclusion in rations with high proportion of corn silage harvested with different stubble height on production performance and gas emission in dairy cows","authors":"Marianne Johansen,&nbsp;Morten Maigaard,&nbsp;Peter Lund","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment examined how Bovaer (active compound: 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP)) supplementation in feed rations with high proportion of corn silages harvested with different stubble height affected gas emission, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk production in lactating dairy cows. It was also investigated whether the effect of Bovaer supplementation was uniform across cows of different parity and lactation stage. Forty-eight Holstein cows were included in a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The first factor was corn silage harvested with two different stubble heights, low (25 cm) or high (65 cm), respectively, aiming for variation in nutritional quality of the corn silages. The second factor was two levels of Bovaer supplementation (0 or 60 mg 3-NOP/kg of dry matter (DM)). Minor than expected differences were obtained in corn silage nutritional quality (organic matter digestibility and starch-to-fiber ratio) due to difference in stubble height. The DMI and energy corrected milk (ECM) yield were not affected by the stubble height of corn silage, but DMI was reduced by 3.2 kg/d (a 13.2 % reduction) and ECM yield by 1.2 kg/d (a 3.4 % reduction) with Bovaer supplementation. Independent of corn silage stubble height, Bovaer supplementation reduced methane (CH₄) production (g/d), yield (g/kg of DMI), and intensity (g/kg of ECM) with 34.6 %, 22.9 %, and 33.0 %, respectively. In conclusion, Bovaer supplementation was effective in reducing CH₄ emission, but negatively affected DMI and ECM yield. Overall, the effect of Bovaer seemed to be uniform across cows of different parity and lactation stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular enzymes of Pleurotus ostreatus vary among the proportions of acid detergent fiber and lignin of corn stover (Zea mays L.) hybrids with similar contents of cell walls","authors":"Deli Nazmín Tirado-González ,&nbsp;Gustavo Tirado-Estrada ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Miranda-Romero ,&nbsp;Sergio Ernesto Medina-Cuéllar ,&nbsp;Odilón Gayosso-Barragán ,&nbsp;Griselda Chávez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to analyze the effect of corn stover neutral detergent fiber (NDF) composition on endoglucanase (End), exoglucanase (Exo), xylanase (Xyl), β-glucosidase (β-glu), and laccase (Lac), enzyme activities (EA) in enzyme extracts of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> cultivated in liquid culture media were amended with residues of NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (sa) + ashes of high-valleys and subtropical corn stover hybrids. The EA were followed 24 d. The EA peaks of End, Exo, β-glu, Xyl, and Lac of <em>P. ostreatus</em> in corn stover and their NDF, ADF, lignin (sa) + ashes fractions showed that CM with less hemicellulose and more ADF could promote the highest End:Xyl ratios (average, 0.58:1). In complete corn stover culture media, Xyl apported around 45 % to the R² of a multiple regression linear model where Y = reducing sugars (RS), and positively correlated with β-glu and End (r = 0.95 and 0.77; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, in the culture media supplemented with NDF, ADF, and lignin (sa), β-glucosidase was primarily related RS (R²=0.36; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), while Lac negatively correlated with Exo and β-glu (r = -0.30 and −0.49, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Lac peaked before Cel and Xyl, and its action contributed 5.1–7.5 % to RS (R², <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Inhibitors of corn stover reduced EA of commercial fibrolytic and Lac enzyme extracts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Differences of hemicellulose and ADF proportions in culture media can enhance the cellulases EA profiles of <em>P. ostreatus</em>, useful to obtain specific enzyme extracts for ruminant feed applications; however, further <em>in vivo</em> tests with ruminants are necessary to validate present results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commensal Bacillus altitudinis F7-derived cell wall constituents alleviated high starch diet-induced glycolipid metabolism disorders and liver injury in Micropterus salmoides","authors":"Bi-Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong-Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Guo-He Cai ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qing Qin ,&nbsp;Yun-Zhang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commensal <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em> F7 had probiotic effects on high starch diet fed largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>), but it was not known whether its cell wall constituents (peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and whole cell wall (WCW)) were the main contributors. To elucidate this, low starch (6 %, LS) and high starch (18 %, HS) diets were respectively designed as positive and negative controls, and PGN, LTA and WCW were supplemented alone to HS diet to determine their potential influences on <em>M. salmoides</em> regarding growth performance, glycolipid metabolism, and liver health<em>.</em> The results manifested that PGN, LTA and WCW relieved the HS diet-induced growth retardation and glycolipid metabolism disorders via reducing the activities of hepatic enzymes engaged in glycolysis and fat synthesis, improving the activities of hepatic enzymes engaged in gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, thereby reducing the serum glucose content, hepatic glycogen content, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, and hepatic and muscle fat contents. Additionally, PGN, LTA and WCW activated insulin and FXR/SHP signaling pathways, regulated glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. PGN, LTA and WCW enhanced the liver health by improving the hepatic function, reducing inflammation, and decreasing the number of vacuoles and lipid droplets. In conclusion, PGN, LTA and WCW of heat-inactivated <em>B. altitudinis</em> F7 showed beneficial potentials in improving the glycolipid metabolism, thus promoting growth and liver health in HS diet fed <em>M. salmoides</em>, and among which the PGN showed the best efficacy. This study supplies theoretical bases for revealing the cell wall constituents as the determining factors for <em>B. altitudinis</em> F7 exerting probiotic functions, and also for the postbiotics application in improving glycolipid metabolism in fish fed high starch diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brassica rapa L. supplementation improves milk production and antioxidant status via rumen microbe–metabolite interactions in periparturient dairy cows of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Tingting Zhao ,&nbsp;Cisangzhuoma ,&nbsp;Dongxu Wen ,&nbsp;Xindong Li ,&nbsp;Chuanshe Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Huang ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successfully navigating the periparturient period poses significant challenges for dairy cows in plateau environment. <em>Brassica rapa</em> L<em>.</em>, a common crop in plateau regions, is rich in bioactive compounds and provides multiple benefits, including protection against altitude sickness, antioxidant effects, and immune regulation. This study investigated the effects of <em>Brassica rapa</em> L. supplementation on lactation performance, serum oxidative stress, and ruminal microbiota-metabolite interactions in periparturient dairy cows living at high altitudes. Thirty Holstein cows, all in their first pregnancy with similar milk yields, diet, and body weights, were randomly assigned to three groups: a Control (Con) group following NRC standards feeding, a <em>Brassica rapa</em> L<em>.</em> group (Bra) supplemented with 20 g / per cow / day of Bra, and an N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) group received 20 g / per cow / day of NCG. The trial lasted 45 days. Milk production was recorded monthly, and milk fat and protein contents were determined from pooled samples collected during the final month. In addition, ruminal fluid and blood were collected on the first day after the experiment to analyse oxidative stress indicators, ruminal microbiota, and secondary metabolites. <em>Brassica rapa</em> L. significantly increased milk yield (March) and milk protein content, while both Bra and NCG groups showed elevated serum glutathione peroxidase and reduced malondialdehyde levels, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that Bra supplementation enriched cellulose-degrading bacteria such as <em>Fibrobacter</em>, <em>Treponema</em>, and <em>Prevotella</em>, which were positively correlated with elevated levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the rumen. Using LC-MS/MS metabolomics, it was showed that Bra upregulated metabolites like dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and raffinose, and enriched arginine biosynthesis while downregulating arachidonic acid metabolism. Supplementation with NCG increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae (e.g., <em>Anaerovibrio</em>, <em>Coprococcus, Moryella</em>), elevated levels of butyrate, and enhanced TCA cycle activity. Correlation analyses confirmed strong links between altered microbiota, metabolites, and host performance. These findings demonstrate that <em>Brassica rapa</em> L. and NCG can alleviate oxidative stress, enhance milk production, and improve energy and nitrogen metabolism in periparturient cows through targeted modulation of ruminal microbial and metabolic networks, offering potential for improving dairy cow resilience in plateau environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of hydrolyzed yeast from Kluyveromyces fragilis with or without high-dose zinc oxide modulates growth performance and diarrhea incidence of weaned pigs by improving intestinal health","authors":"C.G. Yin ,&nbsp;W.N. Chen ,&nbsp;V. Perricone ,&nbsp;Y.P. Li ,&nbsp;X.L. Li ,&nbsp;A. Agazzi ,&nbsp;X.R. Jiang ,&nbsp;M. Comi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrolyzed yeast from <em>Kluyveromyces fragilis</em> (HK) is nutrient-rich, and we hypothesized dietary HK could improve weaned pigs growth performance and health, serving as a potential alternative to high-dose zinc oxide (ZnO). A total of 160 weaned pigs (body weight, BW: 8.87 ± 0.58 kg; 28 ± 1 days) were randomly allotted into 4 treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement, comparing ZnO inclusion (ZnO- or ZnO+, 2 g/kg in the prestarter and 0 g/kg in the starter) with or without HK (10 g/kg in the prestarter and 5 g/kg in the starter) for 42 days. High-dose ZnO improved growth and reduced diarrhea incidence from day 0–14, whereas HK enhanced growth during days 0–42 and also alleviated diarrhea in the first 14 days (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, high-dose ZnO increased plasma catalase (CAT) activity and immunoglobulin A concentration while reducing malondialdehyde (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, HK enhanced plasma CAT, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin G (P &lt; 0.05) and lowered malondialdehyde (P = 0.017). At the intestinal level, ZnO downregulated jejunal interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10 mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.05), while HK increased secretory immunoglobulin A concentration, upregulated Nrf2 and CAT expression, and reduced interleukin-6 expression (P &lt; 0.05). Morphologically, HK improved villus height-to-crypt depth ratios across intestinal segments and increased villus height in the duodenum (P &lt; 0.05). Microbiota analysis showed that ZnO enriched Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and <em>Prevotella</em> but reduced Campilobacterota and <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em>, while HK decreased <em>UCG-009</em> and modulated <em>Prevotellaceae-</em> and <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>-related taxa (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary HK improved growth performance, reduced diarrhea incidence, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, immune capacity, intestinal, and microbial status in weaned pigs, supporting its potential as an alternative to ZnO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acids with Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass can replace crystalline amino acids for its postbiotic effects on immune and oxidative stress status in the jejunum of nursery pigs","authors":"Yi-Chi Cheng,&nbsp;Jeonghyeon Son,&nbsp;Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Costs of producing amino acids (AA) can be reduced by eliminating purification processes to remove <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> cell mass (CGCM) used for AA production. The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplemental Lys, Thr, and Val with CGCM as an alternative source of crystalline AA (CAA) on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. Sixteen pigs (initial body weight = 7.1 ± 0.4 kg) were allocated to 2 dietary treatments (n = 8) in a randomized complete block design and fed for 14 days. Experimental diets included either CAA or AA with CGCM (AAC) as AA sources. The use of AAC provided 5.8 g/kg of CGCM in the experimental diet. On day 14, pigs were euthanized to collect intestinal tissues and mucosa. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α in the jejunum of pigs fed a diet with AAC was less (P = 0.012) than that with CAA, whereas mucosal immunoglobulin G in the jejunum of pigs fed a diet with AAC was greater (P &lt; 0.001) than that with CAA. Mucosal interleukin-6 (P = 0.062) and protein carbonyl (P = 0.082) in the jejunum of pigs fed a diet with AAC tended to be less than that with CAA. A replacement of crystalline Lys, Thr, and Val by AAC did not change blood profiles, jejunal morphology, and growth performance of pigs. In conclusion, replacing CAA with AAC reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage products in the jejunal mucosa of pigs, without compromising growth performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary vitamin K requirements of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei at post-larval and juvenile stages","authors":"Hyunwoon Lim ,&nbsp;Suhyeok Kim ,&nbsp;Kyeong-Jun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated vitamin K3 (VK3) requirement of Pacific white shrimp, <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> at different growth stages through two feeding trials. Experimental diets were prepared to contain VK3 by 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (designated as M0, M50, M100, M200 and M400, respectively). For the first experiment (Exp-1), post-larval (1.32 ± 0.01 mg) were fed the diets six times daily for 49 days and for second experiment (Exp-2), juveniles (0.45 ± 0.01 g) were fed the diets six times daily for 52 days. At the end of both feeding trials, VK3-supplemented groups had significantly higher growth performance than M0 group, except for M50 group in Exp-1. Lipase and trypsin activities were significantly enhanced by VK3-supplementation, except for lipase in M50 of Exp-1. In both experiments, aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in M100–M400 groups than in M0, whereas alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly elevated in all VK3 supplemented groups in Exp-1 and in M400 group in Exp-2. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in M400 group in Exp-2, while glutathione peroxidase activity was elevated in M400 group of Exp-1 and in all VK3-supplemented groups of Exp-2 than in M0 group. In both experiments, insulin-like growth factor (<em>IGF</em>)-1 and <em>IGF-BP</em> genes were upregulated by the dietary VK3 supplementation. Ecdysone receptor (<em>EcR</em>) and retinoid X receptor expressions were significantly upregulated in M50–M200 groups than in M0 group of both trials. <em>SOD</em> expression was significantly upregulated in M50 group than in M0 for both trials, whereas <em>GPx</em> expression was higher in M50 and M100 groups of Exp-1. Prophenoloxidase was significantly upregulated with increasing dietary VK3 levels in Exp-2. Broken-line regression analysis indicates that VK3 requirement would be 107 mg/kg for the shrimp at post-larval stage and 40.3 mg/kg for the shrimp at juvenile stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different fasting-refeeding regimes on growth performance, hemato-biochemical, and immune indices of juvenile Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897)","authors":"Mahbod Zeyghami ,&nbsp;Abbas Bozorgnia ,&nbsp;Kaivan Hazaie ,&nbsp;Seyed Mehdi Hoseinifard ,&nbsp;Somayeh Bahram ,&nbsp;Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of various fasting–feeding regimes on growth performance, hemato-biochemical, and immune indices of juvenile Persian sturgeon (<em>Acipenser persicus</em> Borodin, 1897). For this purpose, Persian sturgeon juveniles (35.1 ± 5.2 g) were assembled into twelve 100-L tanks (10 fish per tank) and were reared with four fasting-feeding regimes for 40 days in a flow-through system. Four groups were tested: control (fed daily to satiety), T1 (2 days fasting/8 days refeeding, repeated 4 times), T2 (4 days fasting/16 days refeeding, repeated 2 times), and T3 (8 days fasting/32 days refeeding). There were significantly decrease in final weight, weight gain %, specific growth rate, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio in T2 and T3 treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) differences were detected in fish survival rate and condition factor among different treatments. Significant declines in key hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCH, MCV) were observed in T3. Blood glucose and cortisol levels were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher; meanwhile serum triglycerides were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) decreased in T2 and T3 groups than those of the Ctrl and T1 groups. Levels of AST and ALT were markedly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher in T3 fish than those of the Ctrl and T1 groups with no significant differences between them. Serum total protein and globulin in the Ctrl and T1 were significantly higher than those of T2 and T3. Albumin and cholesterol levels were not significantly (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) affected by different fasting-feeding regimes. Compared to the Ctrl and T1 groups, lysozyme, ACH50, and total immunoglobulin levels displayed significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) decreases in Persian sturgeon subjected to different fasting-feeding regimes and their lowest levels were seen in T3. The economic efficiency analysis evoked that the highest income was seen in the control and T1 groups, which expressed the best benefit-cost ratio, while the T3 treatment showed the lowest income. Overall, juvenile Persian sturgeon subjected to four cycles of 2-day fasting followed by 8-day refeeding (T1) maintained growth, hematological, biochemical, and immune responses comparable to the control group fed to satiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 116505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}