Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of dietary fermented yeast products (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, health and microbiome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the influence of discharge water in the production of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"Uthpala M. Padeniya ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Wells ,&nbsp;Courtney E. Harrison ,&nbsp;Benjamin R. LaFrentz ,&nbsp;Benjamin H. Beck ,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy ,&nbsp;Mark Farmer ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaponics systems are based upon the conversion of fish waste into plant substrates; thus, feed input is a critical component to managing water quality and optimizing performance. The current study assessed the effects of fermented yeast products (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>) on Nile tilapia (38.63 ± 2.01 g) and romaine lettuce growth, health and microbiome by combining a biofloc system with a deep-water hydroponic setup. Three distinct diets, each consisting of three replicates, were fed to the fish: a basal diet with 32 % crude protein and 8 % lipid, a diet having 2 % DVAQUA® inclusion, and a diet containing 0.1 % NutriTek®. No discernible growth differences across treatments were observed in the fish and plant growth trials. Foliar tissue examination showed that NutriTek-treated romaine lettuce plants had noticeably greater magnesium levels than the basal diet treated plants (<em>P</em> = 0.031). Following challenge with <em>Flavobacterium oreochromis</em>, fish fed DVAQUA and NutriTek exhibited greater survival than those fed the basal diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. No differences in serum lysozyme activity were found, but immune-related markers in the spleen and kidney tissues displayed differences pre- and post-challenge. When bacterial communities were analyzed, differences were found in alpha diversity indices in both fish fecal samples (Shannon diversity index- <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, Chao – <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and observed species <em>P</em> = 0.001) and root samples (Shannon diversity index- <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, Chao – <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 and observed species <em>P</em> = 0.005) between treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The most abundant phylum presented in fecal samples was Fusobacteria, whereas Cyanobacteria was the most abundant for root samples. In conclusion, feeding fermented yeast products as dietary supplements improved resistance to disease in Nile tilapia and influenced the bacterial composition in both the fecal and root microbiome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial replacement of concentrate in the lactating ewe’s diet with silages of agro-industrial by-products – Effect on milk composition and fatty acid profile, serum metabolites and growth of suckling lambs","authors":"Eliana Jerónimo ,&nbsp;Liliana Cachucho ,&nbsp;Helder Alves ,&nbsp;Olinda Guerreiro ,&nbsp;Kátia Paulos ,&nbsp;Cláudia Costa ,&nbsp;João Costa ,&nbsp;Sandra Gomes ,&nbsp;Nuno Alvarenga ,&nbsp;Susana P. Alves ,&nbsp;Rui J.B. Bessa ,&nbsp;José Santos-Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa P. Dentinho","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of concentrate feed with mixed ingredient silages (MIS) produced with agro-industrial by-products in the diets of lactating ewes on the body weight of ewes, growth performance of suckling lambs, composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk, and serum metabolites of the ewe. After lambing, 54 lactating ewes and their lambs were distributed to one of the following experimental diets (18 ewes/diet): C – concentrate diet; SPBG – concentrate and silage containing 200 g/kg sweet potato, 500 g/kg brewers grains and 300 g/kg alfalfa hay; and AHBG – concentrate and silage containing 200 g/kg almond hulls, 600 g/kg brewers grains and 200 g/kg alfalfa hay. Hay was provided <em>ad libitum</em> in all diets. In both silage diets (SPBG and AHBG) the concentrate and silage constitute 33.3 and 66.6 % DM of the diet, respectively. Every day, the ewes received the same amount of the diet, which was completely consumed. Lambs were weighed at birth and weekly during the 8 weeks of trial. In the last 4 weeks of the trial, individual milk samples were collected weekly and then pooled per each ewe for chemical analysis. At the end of the trial, a blood sample was collected from the ewes to analyse serum metabolites. SPBG and AHBG silage showed pH values of 4.00 and 4.29, respectively. Total N as NH₃-N and as soluble-N varied from 3.23 to 5.23 and from 348 to 354 g/kg total N, respectively. The animals well accepted the silages. Partial replacement of concentrate with silage of agro-industrial by-products in lactating ewe diets did not affect the growth performance of suckling lambs and the composition of milk. Both silage dietary treatments changed the milk FA composition, reducing the short-chain FA (6:0–14:0), branched-chain FA, and 18:1 <em>trans</em>-10, and increasing the saturated FA 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, 23:0 and 24:0 and 18:1 <em>trans</em>-11. Regarding serum metabolites, silage diets increased the urea concentration and decreased the β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Results showed that ensiling is a good approach to preserving sweet potato, almond hulls, and brewers grains, producing a good quality feed that can be introduced to diets of lactating ewes without compromising animal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid analysis using multiple time point hydrolysis and non-linear regression for determination of amino acid profiles and 21-hour correction factors of biological standards, and dairy cattle milk, tissue, rumen microbes, and various feeds","authors":"Andres F. Ortega ,&nbsp;Joyce L. Marumo ,&nbsp;Rebecca Coombe ,&nbsp;Alexandria C. Benoit ,&nbsp;Deborah A. Ross ,&nbsp;Michael E. Van Amburgh","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data published over the last few years has demonstrated that the amino acids (AA) concentrations of milk and other substrates was not correctly described after the standard 21–24 h hydrolysis period, used to break down protein into its constituent AA, and that longer or shorter hydrolysis times might be needed for certain AA. The study objective was to determine the AA composition of ruminant tissue, milk, microbes, and feeds using multiple time-point hydrolysis and non-linear regression to establish optimal AA profiles and develop correction factors for single time-point hydrolysis. The AA were analyzed using this approach on sixteen feeds, nine cattle tissue samples, eight milk samples, and six ruminal microbial samples to represent both supply and requirement protein sources. Substrates were analyzed by HPLC-UV and/or HILIC-TQMS following hydrolysis at 110 °C in a block heater for 10–14 different time points ranging from 2 to 360 h using acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Following hydrolysis, least-squares non-linear regression was used to determine the true AA content. Many AA of all substrates continued to be released after the 24 h endpoint and were all observed to be declining by 360 h. The branched-chain AA (BCAA), Ser, Thr and Trp were found to need the highest correction due to hydrolysis loss or incomplete recovery, but most AA had some correction depending on the protein source. This leads to the conclusion that there is currently an underestimation of the AA concentration in ruminant substrates. Correction factors varied among protein substrates and trended or were significantly different for Ala, Arg, Asp, Glu, Trp, and Val (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.10). Protein-specific factors could help improve AA formulation for improved predictions of nutrient supply and requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of X-ray irradiation for pathogen inactivation in semi-moist pet food and changes in nutritional and physicochemical qualities","authors":"Anand Kumar Sethukali ,&nbsp;Hyun Jung Lee ,&nbsp;Dongbin Park ,&nbsp;Hyun-Jun Kim ,&nbsp;Azfar Ismail ,&nbsp;Jae-Kyung Kim ,&nbsp;Cheorun Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of X-ray irradiation at different dose levels on semi-moist pet foods. Samples were subjected to X-ray irradiation at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 kGy, and their microbial, nutritional and physicochemical properties were evaluated for 60 days at 20-day intervals. Among these, samples irradiated at 10 kGy completely sterilized bacterial pathogens and inhibited their growth throughout the storage period. Following this, a dose of 5 kGy showed a better bacterial pathogen reduction. Above 5 kGy irradiated samples exhibited a significant effect on moisture and protein contents. Samples treated with above 5 kGy tended to exhibit a significant decline in water activity, pH, and <em>a*</em> values during the storage period while continuing to exert microbial stability and quality attributes. However, lipid oxidation and protein degradation were observed in samples irradiated with above 5 kGy of X-ray during storage. Considering all results, we conclude that about 5 kGy X-ray irradiation could prevent microbial activity while maintaining the maximum losses of nutritional and physicochemical properties of semi-moist pet foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between different single protein and feeding level on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism and health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Xiaojuan Liu ,&nbsp;Lukuan Li ,&nbsp;Yanqing Huang ,&nbsp;Chunfang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to evaluate the effects of the interaction between different single novel proteins and feeding levels on largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>), and to provide scientific guidance for the application of novel proteins and the corresponding optimal feeding strategy, five single protein diets (fishmeal (FM), <em>Clostridium autoethanogenum</em> protein (CAP), <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> (TM) <em>Chlorella</em> meal (ChM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC)) and three feeding levels (100 %，80 % and 60 % satiety feeding) were designed to feed largemouth bass (weight: 2.96 ± 0.08 g) for 8 weeks. Z-score combined with cluster analysis were used to analyze and compare the effects of different treatments on different indexes, such as growth performance, feed utilization, liver antioxidant capacity and immune response as well as lipid metabolism to draw a general picture of the relationship among all these massive biomarkers. The results showed that different novel protein sources and feeding levels had significant interactive effects on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, body lipid and liver health of largemouth bass. Fish fed with ChM diet showed similar performance to that in FM group, implying its potential for complete replacement of fishmeal in largemouth bass. Fish fed with CAP, TM and CPC diets showed the worst performance by poor growth and feed utilization, enhanced stress, chronic inflammation, varies symptoms of histological changes in the liver and intestine, which demonstrated the adverse effects of the complete replacement of fishmeal by these three new proteins. As for feeding level, 100 % feeding level resulted in hypertrophy and fat accumulation in the liver of fish fed with FM and ChM diets and had risks of fatty liver. In addition, the TM and CPC group had the higher expression levels of inflammatory factors and the lower antioxidant enzymes activity at 100 % feeding level, and CAP group showed the higher expression levels of inflammatory factors at 60 % feeding level, which displayed that the interactions between CAP, TM, CPC diets and 100 % feeding level or 60 % feeding level may aggravate the occurrence of liver inflammation and oxidative damage of hepatocytes. Overall, 80 % feeding level had higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency, antioxidant enzyme and lysozyme activities, lower MDA content and lower gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and could be considered as the optimum feeding level for largemouth bass fed with different protein diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different dietary protein sources on the growth performance, digestive capacity and amino acid profiles of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) larvae","authors":"Shouxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Qi You ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Houxiong He ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Cao ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingchao Wang ,&nbsp;Jan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The successful rearing of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) larvae heavily relies on the development of effective microdiets that enhance domestication success and growth. Herein, a 28-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different protein sources, namely, fish meal (FM), krill meal (KM) and squid meal (SM), during the weaning phase of largemouth bass larvae, with Artemia (AR) and commercial diet (CD) used as controls. Our results indicated that larvae fed with SM diet exhibited growth outcomes (final body weight [FBW] and specific growth rate [SGR]) second only to those of larvae fed with AR, which was attributed to its higher feed and protein efficiency ratios. No significant difference was observed in the FBW and SGR among the FM, KM and CD groups. In addition, the SM group had a more developed digestive system and higher trypsin activity than the other microdiet groups, although the lipase and amylase activities were not significantly different among the FM, KM and SM groups. The results of amino acid composition indicated that the levels of lysine, arginine and glutamate in the SM and AR groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups, whereas the level of glycine was the highest in the KM group. The expression levels of growth-related genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (<em>igf-1</em>) and growth hormone (<em>gh</em>)) were markedly higher in the liver and brain of the SM group than in those of the other microdiet groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that SM is the main protein source that can considerably improve the domestication success rate of largemouth bass larvae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of solid-state fermentation of Gelidium corneum by-product on immune status and gut microbiota in European seabass","authors":"Marta Ferreira ,&nbsp;Catarina Ramos-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Rui Magalhães ,&nbsp;Nicole Martins ,&nbsp;Cláudia R. Serra ,&nbsp;José Manuel Salgado ,&nbsp;Isabel Belo ,&nbsp;A. Oliva-Teles ,&nbsp;Helena Peres","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It was previously observed that dietary inclusion of 10 % <em>Gelidium corneum</em> by-product and sunflower cake mixture (1:1 ratio; Gmix), replacing corn gluten meal, reduced feed utilization efficiency in European sea bass juveniles, while the same mixture fermented with <em>Aspergillus ibericus</em> restored feed efficiency as well as nitrogen and energy utilization, achieving levels comparable to the control diet. The present study aimed to further evaluate this unfermented or <em>A. ibericus</em> fermented Gmix by assessing its potential to modulate the intestinal immune and oxidative status, as well as the microbiota profile of European seabass juveniles. At the end of the growth trial, intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels were similar among groups, except for glutathione peroxidase activity, which was observed to be higher in fish fed the fermented Gmix diet than in the control diet. Total and reduced glutathione levels were similar among groups, but oxidized glutathione was higher with the fermented Gmix diet than in the other diets. Plasma peroxidase and lysozyme activities and immune-related gene expression in the distal intestine did not show significant differences. Compared to the control diet, dietary inclusion of Gmix, both unfermented and fermented, modulated the intestinal microbiota, particularly at the digesta level, where an increase in <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Exiguobacterium</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em> genera, and a decrease in <em>Lactobacillus</em> sp., was observed. Overall, including either unfermented or fermented Gmix in the diet of European seabass did not appear to adversely affect intestinal oxidative or immune status but modulated intestinal microbiota. However, further research is required to fully understand the interactions between European seabass well-being, gut microbiota, and Gmix (both unfermented and fermented), including long-term growth trials, inflammatory insult trials, and next-generation sequencing for intestinal microbiome analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing sow diets with docosahexaenoic acid alters fatty acid composition of sow blood and milk","authors":"Emma K. Pedersen ,&nbsp;Søren K. Jensen ,&nbsp;Duc Ninh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Zhuqing Xie ,&nbsp;Thomas S. Bruun ,&nbsp;Anja V. Strathe","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to test the effect of supplementing sows with docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) of microalgae origin as an in-feed additive on sow and litter parameters, milk yield and composition, plasma fatty acid (FA) composition, plasma cytokines, and fecal microbiota of sows and piglets. The DHA were supplemented (50 mg/kg feed) from farrowing of the previous litter and until weaning of the next litter (n = 248 sows). Milk samples were collected at d 6 and 17, and blood samples from jugular vein at d 17 of the lactation. The DHA concentration in milk and plasma was (P &lt; 0.05) greater for DHA supplemented sows. Milk FA composition showed palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7; P &lt; 0.05) and gondoic acid (C20:1 n-9; P &lt; 0.05) were greater in the control compared to the DHA supplemented group. Plasma FA composition showed arachidic acid (C20:0) was (P &lt; 0.05) greater in the DHA fed sows compared with the control sows. There was no effect of treatment on sow and litter parameters, and milk concentrations of fat, lactose and protein, whereas sows on the DHA diet had greater concentration of DHA in the milk (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between treatments in measured concentrations of cytokines. The microbial alpha diversity was similar between sows fed control and DHA diets and between piglets from sows fed control and DHA diets. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of DHA in sow diets during gestation and lactation affected FA composition of sows plasma and milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growing area within the United States has only minor impact on digestible and metabolizable energy, and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in full-fat soybeans fed to growing pigs","authors":"N.C. Ruiz-Arias ,&nbsp;S.A Lee ,&nbsp;H.H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the digestible energy (DE), the metabolizable energy (ME), or the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P among five sources of full-fat soybeans (FFSB) fed to growing pigs. The five sources of FFSB (source 01, 02, 03, 04, and 05) were collected from five different states in the United States and fed to growing pigs. In experiment 1, forty-eight pigs (initial body weight: 30.86 ± 1.64 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to six diets using a randomized complete block design with eight replicate pigs per diet. A basal diet based on corn as the only source of energy and five diets containing corn and each source of FFSB were formulated. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 13 days and feces and urine were collected for four days after seven days of adaptation. Results demonstrated that ME in corn was 15.73 MJ per kg dry matter (DM), and ME in the five sources of FFSB was 20.74, 19.85, 20.59, 20.19, and 21.22 MJ ME per kg DM, respectively. In experiment 2, eighty pigs (initial body weight: 16.73 ± 3.16 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and allotted to a randomized complete block design with 10 diets and 8 replicate pigs per diet. Five diets contained each source of FFSB as the only source of P and five additional diets were formulated by adding 1000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of microbial phytase to the original five diets. Thus, the experiment was a 5 × 2 factorial with the five sources of FFSB and two levels of microbial phytase (i.e., 0 or 1000 FTU per kg diet). Feces were collected from pigs for four days following five days of adaptation. Results demonstrated that there were no interactions between phytase and source of FFSB, and no effects of phytase or source of FFSB were observed for feed intake, weight of feces excreted, or daily basal endogenous P loss. The STTD of P in the diet with FFSB source 05 was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the STTD of P in the other sources of FFSB if no phytase was used, but when phytase was added to the diets, no differences among the five sources of FFSB were observed (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). However, the STTD of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) if phytase was used than if no phytase was used. In conclusion, results demonstrated that there were only minor differences among sources of FFSB in ME and STTD of P in FFSB was not different among the five sources if microbial phytase was used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 116335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycerol monolaurate reduces lipid deposition and promotes the health of liver and intestine in grass carp fed with high-fat diet","authors":"Chi Wang,&nbsp;Pengju Li,&nbsp;Haibo Yu,&nbsp;Yunhe Li,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Tian Li,&nbsp;Hong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the improving impact of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on lipid accumulation, liver and intestinal inflammation, and intestinal microbiota imbalance of grass carp caused by high-fat diet (HFD). Grass carp were provided with regular diet (RD) and HFD containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg of GML for 11 weeks. The results show that 1, 2 and 4 g/kg of GML alleviated the HFD-induced increase in triglyceride content of liver (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and reduced the adipocyte size (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the lipid droplet number in the liver. Moreover, GML markedly reduced the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis-related genes (<em>acc1</em>) and 4 g/kg of GML markedly up-regulated the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>atgl, hsl,</em> and <em>cpt1</em>) in the liver (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and 4 g/kg of GML markedly up-regulated the mRNA expression of <em>atgl</em> and <em>hsl</em> in the intraperitoneal fat (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), thereby alleviating the lipid accumulation induced by HFD. In addition, GML inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>il-6</em>), and 2 and 4 g/kg of GML promoted the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>tgf-β1</em>) in the liver (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), thus alleviating liver inflammation caused by HFD. The 2 and 4 g/kg of GML significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>tlr4</em> and <em>nf-κb p65</em>), and 1, 2 and 4 g/kg of GML significantly promoted the mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins (<em>claudin-3</em> and <em>occludin</em>) in the intestine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), thus alleviating the inflammation and injury of the intestine caused by HFD. Particularly, GML also normalized HFD-induced intestinal microbiota imbalance in grass carp, which was characterized by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria (e.g., <em>Cetobacterium</em>) and inhibiting the harmful bacteria growth (e.g., <em>Erysipelatoclostridium</em>) in the intestine. To sum up, GML supplementation can alleviate HFD-induced lipid accumulation, inflammation and intestinal microbiota imbalance, and improve the health of liver and intestine in grass carp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 116341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}