Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Temperate nuts by-products as animal feed: A review","authors":"Martino Musati ,&nbsp;Ruggero Menci ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Luciano ,&nbsp;Pilar Frutos ,&nbsp;Alessandro Priolo ,&nbsp;Antonio Natalello","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using agro-industrial by-products in replacement of conventional feedstuff is a strategy to reduce the environmental impact of feed production and transport, and the feed-food competition. This article reviews the effects of feeding nuts by-products on digestion, metabolism, and product quality in ruminant and monogastric animals. In particular, it focuses on nuts from temperate climate (mainly almond, pistachio, hazelnut, and walnut). These crops produce a variety of by-products of potential interest: hulls, skins (perisperm), oil cake, or mixtures of them. Nuts by-products generally have a low moisture content, making them easy to handle and store. They also contain moderate to high levels of phenolic compounds, which on the one hand have antinutritional properties, but on the other hand may exert positive effects on animal health and product quality. The composition of nuts by-products varies considerably from one species to another and within the same species, depending on variety, climatic and agronomic conditions, and processing. This, in combination with a lack of knowledge on production volumes, limits the current use of nuts by-products as animal feed to the farm level. However, some general considerations can be drawn. Almond hulls are rich in digestible fibre and can be used as energy feed for ruminants at doses up to 250 g/kg (dry matter basis). Nuts oil cake can partly replace soybean meal as protein sources for monogastric animals, giving due attention to dietary fibre, essential amino acids, and antinutritional factors such as tannins. Hazelnut skin is particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds, thus showing the ability to improve the fatty acid profile and antioxidant capacity of animal products. Some nuts by-products, such as chestnut by-products or cull nuts, have not yet been tested in animal nutrition. Further research on the use of these alternative by-products as animal feed is essential to expand the available knowledge and improve the resilience of livestock systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary phytosterols supplementation improves the growth performance and decreases the abdominal fat of broiler chickens by regulating intestinal epithelial structure and microbiota","authors":"Hongjian Dai ,&nbsp;Jian Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoze Wu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Li ,&nbsp;Zhanying Sun ,&nbsp;Donghai Lv ,&nbsp;Weiyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanfen Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Phytosterols<span>, plant-derived fatty compounds, were reported to be bioactive for animals and promote the growth of broilers<span><span>. Whether dietary phytosterols could improve the growth performance of broilers by regulating intestinal morphology and microbiota is still unclear and limited. Thus, our experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary phytosterols on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microbiota of broilers. A total of 200 male Arbor Acres broiler chickens (1 day old) were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 20 birds each, (1) basic corn-soybean diet; (2) basic corn-soybean diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg phytosterols. Dietary supplementation of phytosterols at 25 mg/kg increased the average daily gain and reduced the feed conversion rate of broilers (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect average daily feed intake (P &gt; 0.05). It reduced the abdominal fat yield and serum </span>triglyceride<span> and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in broilers (P &lt; 0.05). Phytosterols treatment increased villus height to crypt depth ratio and up-regulated the mRNA expression of tight junction-related genes in both jejunal (i.e., </span></span></span></span><em>ZO-2</em>, <em>ZO-3</em>, and <em>claudin-3</em>) and ileal (i.e., <em>claudin-1</em> and <em>claudin-2</em>) tissues (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, dietary phytosterols significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (<em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL-6</em>) in the jejunal tissues (P &lt; 0.05), and up-regulated that of anti-inflammatory cytokine (<em>IL-4</em> and <em>IL-10</em><span>) in the ileal tissues (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, broilers fed with dietary phytosterols had a higher concentration of lactic acid in the caecal digesta<span> (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with phytosterols decreased the alpha diversity of the bacterial community<span> (P &lt; 0.05) and increased the relative abundance of probiotics (i.e., </span></span></span><span><em>Lactobacillus</em></span><span><span>) in the intestinal digesta of broilers (P &lt; 0.05). PICRUSt2 analyses revealed that phytosterols enhanced the bacterial metabolic pathways of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and </span>fatty acid metabolism<span>. Dietary supplementation of phytosterols could improve the growth performance and reduce the abdominal fat yield of broilers by altering their intestinal epithelial structure, lipid metabolism and bacterial community.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary citric acid improves phosphorus and calcium availability and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Hamilton Hisano ,&nbsp;Israel Luz Cardoso ,&nbsp;Michelly Pereira Soares ,&nbsp;Giovanni Henrique Ferri ,&nbsp;Alex Júnio da Silva Cardoso ,&nbsp;Ricardo Borghesi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Citric acid<span> is an organic acid, which has been used as a feed additive because it has a reasonable cost, pleasant taste, and fast assimilation, showing positive effects on the growth and health of some livestock and </span></span>aquatic species<span>. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increased levels of citric acid (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg) in an isonitrogenous (280.00 g/kg of digestible protein) and isoenergetic diet (12.98 MJ/kg of digestible energy) on growth performance, body composition, apparent digestibility of nutrients and minerals, hematology, pH in stomach and intestine, and intestinal histomorphometry of Nile tilapia<span><span> juveniles. Fish (n = 200, initial average weight of 14.59 ± 0.81 g) were randomly distributed in 25 experimental tanks (five replicates per treatment) and fed experimental diets over a 40-day period. Increasing levels of citric acid supplementation resulted in a decrease in the pH of the experimental diets (P = 0.021). However, no significant differences in pH levels were observed in the stomach and intestine among the treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Citric acid supplementation did not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affect the growth performance variables, body composition, or the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, ether extract, and ash of the diets. Fish fed diets with 10 and 30 g/kg citric acid exhibited higher values for total leukocytes (P = 0.043) and total plasma protein (P = 0.019) compared to the control group. Diets supplemented with 20 g/kg citric acid showed a higher ADC value for phosphorus (P = 0.027) and calcium (P = 0.032) compared to the control. Additionally, fish fed with diets containing 20 g/kg citric acid demonstrated higher values for </span>villus height (P = 0.002) and width (P = 0.048), crypt depth (P = 0.035), and villus: crypt ratio (P = 0.014) compared to the control group. In conclusion, the supplementation of 20 g/kg citric acid improved the availability of phosphorus and calcium and positively influenced the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia juveniles.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of ileal digestibility of tryptophan in tryptophan biomass for broilers using the direct and regression methods","authors":"June Hyeok Yoon ,&nbsp;Changsu Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A total of 372 Ross 308 male broilers<span><span> were used in a 2-day trial to determine the ileal digestibility of tryptophan in tryptophan biomass using the direct and regression methods, and to compare the digestibility between the 2 methods. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared to estimate the basal endogenous losses of </span>amino acids<span><span><span> of birds. Two semi-purified diets were formulated to contain tryptophan biomass as the sole source of amino acids. Five corn-soybean meal-based diets consisted of a basal diet and 4 assay diets containing either 30 or 60 g/kg of tryptophan biomass A or B (TBA or TBB) at the expense of corn and </span>soybean meal in the basal diet. The ratio of corn and soybean meal remained consistent across the basal and assay diets. Birds received a standard </span>starter diet (193 g/kg crude protein) from day 0–19 post-hatch and 8 experimental diets for 2 days from day 19. On day 21 post-hatch, birds were asphyxiated with carbon dioxide and </span></span></span>digesta samples from the distal section of the ileum were collected. The linear regression of tryptophan biomass-associated digested tryptophan against tryptophan biomass-associated tryptophan intake was conducted to determine the ileal tryptophan digestibility in tryptophan biomass. The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of tryptophan determined by the direct method were 0.993 and 0.993 in TBA, and 0.995 and 0.996 in TBB, respectively. The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn-soybean meal-based diets quadratically increased (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary levels of tryptophan biomass increased. The ileal digestibility of tryptophan determined by the regression method was 1.013 and 1.009 for TBA and TBB, respectively. The ileal digestibility of tryptophan in TBA derived from the regression method was greater (P = 0.033) than that of determined using the direct method, but no difference (P = 0.193) was observed in TBB. However, the ileal digestibility of tryptophan in the tryptophan biomass was close to 100 % irrespective of the method used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47850074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, growth performance, and carcass traits of lambs fed corn silage treated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri and stored for different times","authors":"Luis G. Rossi ,&nbsp;Carlos H.S. Rabelo ,&nbsp;Marina E.B. Andrade ,&nbsp;Gustavo R. Siqueira ,&nbsp;Eduardo F. Vicente ,&nbsp;Denismar A. Nogueira ,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Our objective was to investigate the impact of inoculation and storage length of flint corn silage on the metabolic and production responses of lambs. A flint corn hybrid was harvested with 315 g dry matter (DM)/kg and ensiled in </span>concrete pipe silos without (control) or with </span><em>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</em> CNCM I-4323 at 1 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh forage for 120, 240 and 360 d (<em>n</em><span> = 2 for each treatment). Such silages were used to formulate six different diets. Sixty non-castrated male Dorper × Santa Inês lambs were used in the feeding program (</span><em>n</em> = 10). Additionally, eight ruminally cannulated Dorper × Santa Inês crossbred lambs were used to measure the ruminal fermentation (<em>n</em> = 4). Extending the storage of corn silage from 120 to 360 d increased the contents of soluble protein (<em>P</em> = 0.030; 415–490 g/kg CP) and ammonia-N (<em>P</em> = 0.047; 82.5–114 g/kg total N). Compared to the control, inoculation resulted in higher (<em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.05) concentration of lactic (+19.9 %) and acetic acid (+38.6 %), and lower butyric acid (–25.3 %), ammonia-N (–23.5 %), and DM loss (–36.2 %). The aerobic stability of corn silage was also improved by inoculation (</span><em>P</em><span> = 0.002; +160 h compared to the control). An interaction between storage length and inoculation was reported for feed intake, and lambs had increased DMI (</span><em>P</em><span> &lt; 0.001) by feeding the inoculated silage stored for 120 d. Overall, the total-tract starch digestibility increased (</span><em>P</em><span> = 0.041) with longer storage (120 d = 94.4 %; 240 d = 95.7 %; 360 d = 96.5 %). However, the total VFA was unchanged (</span><em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) while the ruminal molar proportion of propionate decreased from 22.8 to 20.7 mM/100 mM in lambs fed corn silage stored for 120 and 360 d (<em>P</em> = 0.004). Lengthening silage storage from 120 to 240 and 360 d tended (<em>P</em> = 0.06) to increase the ADG of lambs by 4.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively (120 d = 0.216 kg/d; 240 d = 0.226 kg/d; 360 d = 0.238 kg/d). Moreover, the feed efficiency was substantially improved (<em>P</em> = 0.008) by 5 % and 14 % when the silages were stored for 240 and 360 d compared to 120 d. In opposite, inoculation had no effect (<em>P</em><span> &gt; 0.05) on ADG and feed efficiency of lambs. Final hot carcass weight (data ranged from 16.8 to 17.2 kg) and 12th rib </span><em>longissimus</em> muscle area (data ranged from 13.8 to 14.7 cm²) were not affected by treatments (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Overall, only few parameters of carcass and meat traits of lambs were altered by storage length and inoculation, but it were of minor biological importance. In conclusion, the productivity responses of lambs were enhanced by increasing the storage length of flint corn silage, but inoculation with <em>L. buchneri</em> did not contribute to improve animal performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47896665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary vitamin D3 requirement of magang goslings from 1–21 days of age","authors":"H. Wang ,&nbsp;X.Y. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.C. Zhan ,&nbsp;B. Peng ,&nbsp;H.Q. Zhang ,&nbsp;W.C. Wang ,&nbsp;L. Yang ,&nbsp;Y.W. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin D₃<span><span> levels (0, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 IU/kg) on growth performance, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and tibia development of </span>goslings<span> from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 720 one-day-old Magang male goslings with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 20 geese per replicate. The goslings fed with 400 IU vitamin D</span></span>₃/kg of diet obtained the maximum average daily gain, while vitamin D₃ supplementation significantly improved the feed/gain of goslings aged from 1 to 21 days (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The vitamin D₃<span> requirement of gosling aged from 1 to 21 days for optimal feed/gain ratio and average daily gain were estimated from three regression models (one-slope straight, two-slope straight, and quadratic broken-line model) to be 246–352 IU/kg diet and 400–518 IU/kg diet, respectively. Serum calcium and phosphorus contents, parathyroid hormone level, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level responded to increasing dietary vitamin D</span>₃ levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reached a plateau at 800, 0, and 200 IU vitamin D₃<span>/kg diet, respectively. The mRNA expressions of target genes related to calcium homeostasis such as vitamin D</span>₃ receptor, Na⁺/Ca²⁺<span> exchanger 1, and plasma membrane<span><span> calcium ATPase 1b in the </span>duodenum<span> and kidney (</span></span></span><em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) and parathyroid hormone receptor mRNA expression in the kidney (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were increased linearly and quadratically with the increasing dietary vitamin D₃ levels, respectively. Graded doses of dietary vitamin D₃ from 0 to 3200 IU/kg produced linear responses in tibial density (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The vitamin D₃ requirement of gosling aged from 1 to 21 days ranged from 519 to 698 IU/kg diet when tibial density as an evaluation criterion. In conclusion, the vitamin D₃ requirement of gosling aged from 1 to 21 days for optimal growth performance (feed/gain and average daily gain) and tibial density was estimated to be 246–352 IU/kg of diet, 400–518 IU/kg of diet, and 519–698 IU/kg of diet based on three regression models (one-slope straight, two-slope straight, and quadratic broken-line model), respectively. The most appropriate vitamin D₃ requirement was recommended at 602 IU/kg of diet of young geese based on the mean estimated values of three regression models for the tibial density with the highest coefficient of determination and lowest mean square error.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of whole corn grain in forage-free starter feeds in Holstein dairy calves: Determination of optimum level on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites","authors":"Ahmad Kamyab-Fard ,&nbsp;Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari ,&nbsp;Ehsan Mahjoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>There is a growing interest in using whole grains<span> as a potential alternative to forage in starter feed due to their adequate particle size and potential prevention of forage’s negative effects in starter feed. This could improve dairy calves’ feed intake and performance. Therefore, to determine the optimum level of whole corn grain in starter feed on feed intake, performance, health, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of </span></span>dairy calves<span>, forty-eight Holstein<span> calves [4-day-old; 41.10 ± 2.56 kg of body weight (BW), 12 per treatment] were randomly assigned to each of the following four treatments: 1) starter feed contained corn grain as ground with no whole corn grain (WC0); 2) starter feed where 33% of ground corn was replaced with whole corn grain (WC33); 3) starter feed where 66% of ground corn was replaced with whole corn grain (WC66); and 4) starter feed where 100% of ground corn was replaced with whole corn grain (WC100). For the purpose of gathering post-weaning data, the calves were weaned on day 60 and left until day 74. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on BW, but the starter feed and total dry matter intake (TDMI) tended (</span></span></span><em>P</em> = 0.051) to respond cubically with increasing WC inclusion. Throughout the entire period, the wither height tended (<em>P</em> = 0.09) to increase linearly as WC increased in starter feed. The fecal score, respiratory score and days with diarrhea did not differ between treatments. Throughout the research, calves fed the WC0 diet had lower (<em>P =</em><span> 0.01) rumen pH levels compared with the other treatments, and rumen acetate concentrations decreased (</span><em>P</em> = 0.02) cubically and acetate-to-propionate ratio tended (<em>P</em><span> = 0.07) to increase linearly in calves consuming WC. There were no differences in blood metabolites among the experimental groups during the overall period. Given the observed rumen fermentation modulations under the conditions of the current experiment, we concluded that grinding all the corn grain in forage-free starter feeds is not recommended for dairy calves. Feed intake-related data indicated that partial replacement (33%) of ground with whole corn could lead to greater intake.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41781194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a new commercial source of monensin in lactating dairy cows and continuous culture fermenters","authors":"Paola Piantoni ,&nbsp;Yairanex Roman-Garcia ,&nbsp;Mike Messman,&nbsp;Christopher J. Canale ,&nbsp;Guillermo F. Schroeder","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate a new commercial source of monensin (MON) on performance of mid-lactation dairy cows and fermentation parameters of dual-flow continuous culture fermenters. In Experiment 1, 43 Holstein cows (25 multiparous and 18 primiparous; 175 ± 97 DIM; 45.3 ± 10 kg/d milk yield; 692 ± 68 kg BW; mean ± SD) were used in a randomized block design experiment with a 15-d covariate and a 9-wk treatment period. The first 3 wk of the treatment period were considered adaptation and the last 6 wk were used for data collection and analysis. Treatments were: Control (CTR; no MON added), Rumensin® 90 (RUM; 350 mg/d MON from Elanco Animal Health Inc.), and Monovet® 90 (MVet; 350 mg/d MON from Huvepharma® Inc. US). All cows were fed the same base diet throughout the experiment and treatments were top-dressed during the treatment period. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate CTR vs. MON (RUM + MVet) and RUM vs. MVet. Compared with CTR, MON tended to increase milk yield (43.8 vs. 42.3 kg/d) but did not affect DMI or feed efficiency. The MVet treatment improved feed efficiency compared with RUM (1.70 vs. 1.58). Treatments did not affect milk fat content and yield, milk protein yield, MUN concentration, or energy-corrected milk yield. In Experiment 2, nine continuous culture fermenters were used in a randomized block design experiment with two 10-d periods. Fermenters were fed once a day approximately 100 g DM of the same diet fed in Experiment 1. Treatments were: CTR, RUM (2 mg/L MON from Rumensin® 90), and MVet (2 mg/L MON from Monovet® 90). Monensin did not affect DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and CP degradability or total VFA production (mmol/d), but decreased acetate, butyrate, and isobutyrate molar proportions and increased propionate molar proportion compared with CTR. Both sources of MON decreased acetate to propionate ratio compared with CTR (1.61 vs. 2.40). Adding MON increased daily production of propionate (74.1 vs. 108 mmol/d) and decreased that of butyrate and isobutyrate compared with CTR. Monensin supplementation decreased ammonia-N production (433 vs. 545 mg/d) compared with CTR. Overall, results indicate MON tended to increase milk yield and altered VFA profile in the rumen and in vitro, and that MVet is a suitable source of MON for dairy cows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44549391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingredient fractionation for monogastric animal nutrition: the worth of sum of parts versus the whole","authors":"Ruurd T. Zijlstra,&nbsp;Eduardo Beltranena","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115737","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Basic agricultural commodities such as cereal grains&lt;span&gt;, pulses and oilseeds can be fractionated into separate products that can be targeted to high value markets within or outside the feed industry. Resulting nutrient-dense fractions that are enriched in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;starch&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, protein, fat, or fibre can then be targeted to animals with different nutritional demands. These value-added nutrient fractions might be targeted at the start of fractionating the commodities or result from human food or biofuel production. Fractions enriched in fibre might be targeted to the feed, paper, or wood industries. Two categories of processes can fractionate cereals, pulses, or oilseeds: (1) an up-front process that produces solely or mostly high value ingredient fractions, or (2) a process that separates one fraction for a high-value market. Examples of category 1 include air classification and sieving. Examples of category 2 include &lt;/span&gt;bioethanol production from cereal grains and oil extraction from soybean and canola seed. The resulting non-human edible co-products can be fed to &lt;/span&gt;livestock. Dry separation is useful to produce protein-rich fractions from pulse grains. Advantages of dry over wet fractionation are continuous flow rather than batch fractionation, absence of &lt;/span&gt;effluents&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; and no drying cost. However, wet fractionation creates more concentrated fractions (isolates) of the nutrient of interest, e.g., protein. Category 1 and 2 processes can occur in tandem. For example, oil can be first extracted from soybeans, resulting in soy oil and &lt;/span&gt;soybean meal. Subsequently, soybean meal can be fractionated into protein concentrates or isolates with greater protein content than soybean meal. Fractionation usually has at least one main fraction with a target market in food or industry processes yielding products for human use. This approach is logical, because the feed industry is focussed mostly on small margins and large volumes, whereas higher margins per unit of product can be achieved in markets for food, petfood and feed for fish or animals with high nutritional demands. Animal &lt;/span&gt;agriculture&lt;span&gt; remains an ideal approach to convert by-products from ingredient fractionation into high value animal protein. The economic implications of value-added processing are thus important, and sustainable animal agriculture plays a key role turning waste streams into a success story. Although ingredients can be fractionated successfully for animal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;nutrition, especially for higher margin markets such as aquaculture, petfood or animals with high nutritional demands, most ingredients are fractionated for the human food supply or industrial processes. Using the latter approach with at least one high value fraction targeted to human food or industry and then using non-human edible fractions for feed applications, will ensure that the sum of the parts can be worth more","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and modelling the aquafeed extrusion process for Atlantic salmon feed with an empirical model","authors":"H. Cheng ,&nbsp;Y. Guo ,&nbsp;S.J. Højberg ,&nbsp;K.M. Zatti ,&nbsp;A.H. Feyissa","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An empirical model was applied to quantitatively model the effects of extrusion variables and recipe compositions on quality of feed pellets. Lab extrusion trials were performed with an Atlantic salmon feed recipe with using a central component design (CCD). Comparing with a coated commercial feed made with the same recipe, the lab extrusion pellets had similar bulk density, hardness, and durability properties. A Response Surface Method (RSM) was also used to regress the extrusion trial data and compared with the empirical model results. The respective Absolute Average Deviation (AAD %) values of the empirical model and RSM regression were 4.1 % and 1.8 % for pellet bulk density, 7.4 % and 4.9 % for pellet hardness, 10.4 % and 10.0 % for pellet oil absorption, 13.7 % and 8.3 % for pellet water stability, and 11.3 % and 5.5 % for pellet durability. Using the model coefficients obtained from the extrusion results, the empirical model can partly extrapolate the pellet qualities of an additional extruded recipe, which has a slightly adjusted wheat gluten and wheat. The model performance was evaluated based on. R², RSME (root-mean-square deviation), AAD % of the empirical model was better than the RSM model to predict the effects of extrusion variables on pellet quality parameters. The effects of the extrusion process variables and recipe composition on pellet quality parameters are predicted by the empirical model. Its demonstrates that the empirical model is a new method to understand extrusion trial results in different extrusion systems and recipes without changing its mathematical form of expression, which gives a common reference to compare an extruded recipe in different systems and has practical engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 115752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}