Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison between single and multiple daily distributions of the diet on growth performance, behaviour, and rumen health of fattening Limousin bulls","authors":"Luisa Magrin,&nbsp;Lorenzo Serva,&nbsp;Paola Prevedello,&nbsp;Giorgia Fabbri,&nbsp;Oliver Martinić,&nbsp;Giulio Cozzi,&nbsp;Flaviana Gottardo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study compared the effects of single <em>vs</em>. multiple daily distributions of the fattening diet on Limousin bulls' growth performance, behaviour, and rumen health. The experimental period spanned 27 months, during which 37 batches of Limousin bulls progressively entered the study to complete their fattening. Each batch was split into two balanced groups of animals that were then transferred to two identical fattening barns. Bulls in one barn were conventionally fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with a single daily distribution (CFS). An automatic feeding system (AFS), operating in the second barn, self-prepared a similar TMR delivered more times a day according to bulls’ voluntary intake. A total of 701 bulls were fattened with CFS, and 739 bulls with AFS, for an average number of 129 <em>vs</em>. 130 days (P = 0.81), respectively. The average number of TMR daily discharges by AFS was 4.2 ± 1.6. Behavioural observations confirmed that bulls adapted their feeding and resting activities in response to the time of TMR administration. The fresh-made ration provided at each delivery by AFS increased bulls' dry matter intake compared to CFS bulls (8.50 <em>vs</em>. 7.95 kg/d; P = 0.001). Bulls of both feeding systems had a similar daily gain (1.55 <em>vs</em>. 1.58 kg; P = 0.23) and carcass weight. However, from an animal health and welfare perspective, the fewer medical treatments and the lower incidence of rumen mucosa disorders observed with AFS compared to CFS should encourage the introduction of automated solutions to increase the frequency of daily feed distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt-regulated prepartum supplementation and parity effects on maternal performance, wool growth, and lamb development in Merino ewes grazing in semi-arid steppes","authors":"Marcela Cueto ,&nbsp;Jimena Fernandez ,&nbsp;María Macarena Bruno-Galarraga ,&nbsp;Alejandro Gibbons ,&nbsp;Maximiliano Riquelme ,&nbsp;Daniel Castillo ,&nbsp;Micaela Tesan ,&nbsp;Barbara Schaap ,&nbsp;María Laura Villar ,&nbsp;Sebastián Villagra","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of prepartum supplementation using a balanced diet incorporating salt as an intake regulator was assessed on maternal live weight, body condition, wool production, maternal and lamb behavior, and lamb growth up to 50 days of age in multiparous and primiparous Merino ewes under extensive grazing. On day −65 prepartum (Day 0 = Partum), 80 pregnant Merino ewes carrying a single fetus (40 multiparous; 40 primiparous) from fixed-timed artificial insemination, were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments, each with one repetition: grazing only (Control group) or grazing plus ad libitum supplementation with a balanced food containing salt as an intake regulator (Suppl group) for 60 days (Days −65 to −5 prepartum). Behavioral and performance variables were monitored in ewes and lambs from −65 days prepartum until 50 days postpartum. Blood metabolites (glucose, total proteins, and urea) were assessed in ewes during the same period. On day −35 prepartum, ewes were subjected to shearing. From day −50 prepartum until 30 days postpartum, ewe BW was significantly higher in the Suppl multiparous group compared to the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). A marginal increase of 220 g in greasy fleece weight was observed in Suppl ewes after 30 days of supplementation (P &lt; 0.1). However, no significant effects were observed in maternal or lamb behavior, lamb birthweight or lamb survival (P &gt; 0.05). A marginal increase in lamb weight on days 30 and 50 postpartum was observed in the Suppl group compared to the Control group (P &lt; 0.1). An increase in total proteins and urea was observed on day −5 prepartum in the Suppl group compared to the Control group (P &lt; 0.05). Lambs from primiparous ewes took longer to suck compared with lambs from multiparous ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Also, lamb birthweight, lamb weight on days 30 and 50 postpartum were significantly higher in lambs from multiparous ewes compared to lambs from primiparous ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Neonatal mortality was higher in primiparous than in multiparous ewes, with survival rates of 65 % and 91 %, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, Suppl primiparous ewes evidenced an improved maternal body status during the peripartum period. Prepartum supplementation showed a marginal increase in greasy fleece weight. However, no significant effects were observed on maternal behavior, lamb survival or lamb growth. Primiparous ewes exhibited a 26 % higher neonatal mortality than multiparous ewes, likely attributable to their inexperienced maternal behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of replacing rapeseed cake with camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) cake on nutrient digestibility, pancreatic enzyme activity, growth performance and carcass traits in fattening rabbits","authors":"Zdeněk Volek ,&nbsp;Peter Šufliarský ,&nbsp;Tomáš Taubner ,&nbsp;Vladimír Plachý ,&nbsp;Tersia Kokošková ,&nbsp;Tolulope Aremu ,&nbsp;Marco Cullere ,&nbsp;Incoronata Galasso ,&nbsp;Darina Chodová ,&nbsp;Eva Tůmová ,&nbsp;Antonella Dalle Zotte","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing rapeseed cake with <em>Camelina sativa</em> (L.) Crantz (CS) cake on nutrient digestibility, pancreatic enzyme activity, growth performance, and carcass traits in fattening rabbits. The control diet contained 100 g/kg rapeseed cake (RP); the second diet (CS50 diet) contained both RP cake (50 g/kg) and CS cake (50 g/kg); in the third diet (CS100 diet), the RP cake was fully replaced by CS cake (100 g/kg). A total of 168 Hyplus rabbits, weaned at 32 days of age and divided into three groups (56 animals per group; sex ratio 1:1), were fed one of the three experimental diets (between 32 and 74 days of age). In addition, 30 Hyplus rabbits (32 days old, 10 rabbits per diet; sex ratio 1:1) were used for the determination of the total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of the diets and pancreatic enzyme activity (between 58 and 62 days of age). In rabbits fed the control diet a higher CTTAD of organic matter (on av. by 0.026; P = 0.044), crude protein (on av. by 0.026; P = 0.036), and acid detergent fibre (on av. by 0.060; P = 0.020), and a lower CTTAD of ether extract (on av. by 0.058; P = 0.001) were observed than in the other rabbits. There was lower proteolytic activity in the small intestinal contents of rabbits fed the CS100 diet than in those of other rabbits (on av. by 29.8 mg azocasein/g dry matter/h; P = 0.032). For the entire fattening period, the average daily weight gain (on av. by 2.3 g; P = 0.003), average daily feed intake (on av. by 6 g; P = 0.031), and final live weight (on av. by 122 g; P = 0.007) were lower in rabbits fed the CS100 diet than in those fed the other diets. Dressing-out was not affected by the dietary treatments. The relative weight of the liver (g/kg chilled carcass weight), however, was greater in rabbits fed diets containing CS cake than in those fed the control diet (on av. by 9 g; P = 0.002). The present study revealed that the inclusion of 50 g/kg CS cake in the diet of fattening rabbits had no detrimental effects on their health status or growth performance. In contrast, the negative performance results associated with the dietary inclusion of 100 g/kg CS cake indicated the necessity of determining the threshold level for CS dietary incorporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical properties, short chain fatty acids production and in vitro fermentation of fibrous ingredients using cecal inoculum from sows","authors":"Bruno Bracco Donatelli Muro ,&nbsp;Rafaella Fernandes Carnevale ,&nbsp;Felipe Norberto Alves Ferreira ,&nbsp;Clarice Speridião Silva Neta ,&nbsp;Francisco Alves Pereira ,&nbsp;Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ,&nbsp;Danny Alexsander Rojas Moreno ,&nbsp;Diego Feitosa Leal ,&nbsp;Matheus Saliba Monteiro ,&nbsp;Ives Cláudio da Silva Bueno ,&nbsp;Caio Abércio da Silva ,&nbsp;Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated and compared the physicochemical properties, <em>in vitro</em> fermentability, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of 13 fibrous ingredients using sow cecal inoculum. The ingredients analyzed included two commercial lignocelluloses (Arbocel® and OptiCell®), wheat bran, oat bran, beet pulp, soybean hull, citrus pulp, citrus pulp with benzoic acid (Citroflake®), dry distillers’ grains (DDG), guar gum, apple pulp, an extruded mix of tropical grasses (SmartFiber®), and a vegetable pulp mix. Bromatological composition and physicochemical properties (water-holding capacity (WHC), viscosity, and bulking) were determined alongside <em>in vitro</em> dry matter degradability (ivDMdeg) and fermentation parameters. Guar gum exhibited the highest hydration-related properties (WHC: 31.78 g/g; viscosity: 6.92 cP; bulking: 997.37 mL/g, P &lt; 0.05), while DDG showed the lowest WHC and bulking (2.22 g/g and 1.76 mL/g, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). Maximum gas production and fermentation rate were highest in guar gum and lowest in lignocelluloses and oat bran (P &lt; 0.05). Oat bran also had the longest fermentation lag time (17.27) followed by guar gum, beet pulp and soybean hull, while citrus pulp and Citroflake® had the shortest (P &lt; 0.05). Total SCFA production was highest in guar gum (114.1 mM), followed by beet pulp, citrus pulp, Citroflake®, apple pulp, vegetable pulp, wheat bran, and soybean hull, while lignocelluloses produced the least (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, guar gum, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and soybean hull demonstrated the highest potential to influence the biochemical pathways of sows by producing significant amounts of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, their high water-holding capacity, viscosity, and bulking properties suggest these ingredients might also enhance satiety, supporting metabolic health and welfare in sows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology of aspartame to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the basis of antioxidant capacity, liver histology and the intestinal microbiota","authors":"Qiuwen Su ,&nbsp;Jiafa Yang ,&nbsp;Zixin Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Kong ,&nbsp;Guohong Xiao ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Huijuan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aspartame is widely applied in the food industry as a sugar substitute, but concerns about its safety persist. There are a large number of studies on the toxicity of aspartame on mammals. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of aspartame on the growth performance, biological indicators, liver histology, hepatic antioxidant capacity and to evaluate the potential of juvenile largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) as a model species for food toxicology. The results revealed that the feed intake of the ASBT group was significantly lower than that of the CT group. Compared with those in the CT group, the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the ASBT group were significantly greater ( <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and ccatalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting abnormal liver functions and decreased hepatic antioxidant capacity respectively. Liver histology showed significantly increased hepatocytes volume and increased of intrahepatic fat cell area in the ASBT group than that in the CT group ( <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating that the liver tissue was severely damaged. Compared with those in the CT group, the abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in the intestine of the ASBT group were significantly greater. It can be concluded that continuously feeding diets with 1 % aspartame has significant negative effects on largemouth bass, including liver damage, and increases the proportion of intestinal pathogens. The results are very similar to those described in mammalian disease models. Therefore, it is suggested that fish species like largemouth bass may be valuable for food toxicity studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of fiber type on enteric methane production from growing-finishing pigs and subsequent biochemical methane potential of excreted feces","authors":"Elvira Sattarova ,&nbsp;Michael J. Hansen ,&nbsp;Henry J.H. Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Peter Lund ,&nbsp;Knud E. Bach Knudsen ,&nbsp;Jan V. Nørgaard ,&nbsp;Henrik B. Møller","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three diets differing in type and amount of total fiber (TF) were formulated in order to investigate the effects of fiber type and amount on enteric methane (CH₄) production from growing-finishing pigs and subsequent biochemical CH₄ potential of the excreted feces. The experimental diets consisted of a control diet based on wheat, barley, and soybean meal, a diet with high content of insoluble TF based on wheat bran (WB), and a diet with high content of soluble TF based on sugar beet pulp (SBP). Eighteen female growing-finishing pigs were allocated to one of three experimental diets according to a replicated incomplete 3 * 2 Latin square design. After adaptation to the diet and metabolic cages, urine and feces samples were collected for 4 days, including 48 hours of gas exchange measurements in respiration chambers. Excreted feces were collected when pigs weighed 64.8 ± 3.8 kg and 89.7 ± 4.4 kg to determine the biochemical CH₄ potential (BMP) of the feces in batch experiments. The enteric CH₄ production expressed per TF intake was affected by the type of TF, with the lowest CH₄ production obtained when pigs were fed a WB diet (P &lt; 0.02). However, the decreased methanogenesis in the hindgut of the pigs was counteracted by the increased BMP₉₀ of the feces. On the other hand, although feeding pigs with an SBP diet resulted in the highest enteric CH₄ production, the CH₄ derived from feces also remained high. In conclusion, the fiber type alters the methanogenesis in the hindgut of pigs and the subsequent BMP₉₀ of the feces, and, therefore, needs to be considered during diet formulation in the context of minimizing enteric CH₄ production and maximizing the BMP₉₀ of the feces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of total calcium-to-total phosphorus ratio on the calcium and phosphorus digestibility and growth performance of growing pigs","authors":"S.C. Cao ,&nbsp;J.F. Zhao ,&nbsp;P.C. Xue ,&nbsp;H.X. Zhai ,&nbsp;L. Chen ,&nbsp;H.F. Zhang ,&nbsp;J.B. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the impact of total Ca:total P on the Ca and P digestibility and growth performance of pigs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, a total of 2688 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 50.1 ± 0.8 kg were blocked by BW and randomly allocated into eight treatment groups using a randomised complete block design with 12 replicate groups containing 28 pigs per group. The eight experimental treatments consisted of two phytase levels (0 and 800 FTU/kg) and four total Ca:total P levels (0.80, 1.05, 1.30 and 1.55) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In experiment 2, forty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW = 35.6 ± 0.3 kg) were housed individually in 20 stainless steel metabolism cages. The barrows were blocked by BW and randomly allocated into four treatment groups using a randomised complete block design with 10 replicate pigs per group. The experimental treatments consisted of two phytase levels (0 and 800 FTU/kg) and two total Ca:total P levels (0.80 and 1.55) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All faeces and urine were collected to determine the digestion and retention of Ca and P. The performance results of growing pigs in response to increasing total Ca:total P showed that adding phytase to diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) final BW (FBW), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake during days 0–42. Increasing total Ca:total P quadratically decreased FBW and ADG (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to interact with supplemental phytase for FBW and ADG (P &lt; 0.10). Total Ca:total P quadratically decreased gain:feed (P = 0.044) not affected by interaction effects. In experiment 2, the results of Ca and P digestibility analysis showed that adding phytase to the diet increased Ca and P digestibility and retention (P &lt; 0.05). Total Ca:total P decreased P digestibility (P &lt; 0.001). The tendency of interaction effects between phytase and total Ca:total P was observed on P digestibility (P = 0.082) and apparent total tract digestible P content (P = 0.091). Interactions between phytase and total Ca:total P were observed (P = 0.033) on Ca retention, with total Ca:total P increasing Ca retention in diets without phytase and decreasing Ca retention when phytase was added. Digestibility of Ca tended to be influenced (P = 0.075) by interactions between phytase and total Ca:total P, with the total Ca:total P increasing digestibility of Ca in diets without phytase and decreasing digestibility of Ca when phytase was added. In summary, total Ca:total P may negatively affect the digestibility of P and the efficacy of phytase. Increasing the total Ca:total P may decrease the growth performance of growing pigs. Adding phytase to the diet can ameliorate the negative impact of Ca.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential of Buriti and Bocaiuva fruit oils as nutritional additives for cattle in the feedlot","authors":"Jéssika Rodrigues de Figueiredo Moura ,&nbsp;Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ,&nbsp;Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ,&nbsp;Marina de Nadai Bonin Gomes ,&nbsp;Alexandre Menezes Dias ,&nbsp;Priscilla Dutra Teixeira ,&nbsp;Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Jacobowski ,&nbsp;Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães ,&nbsp;Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ,&nbsp;Alexandre Guimarães Inácio ,&nbsp;Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva ,&nbsp;Lucimara Modesto Nonato ,&nbsp;Silvia Isabella Timoteo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothesized that the inclusion of oils from Brazilian Cerrado biome fruits (Buriti oil or Bocaiuva oil) as additives in diets for cattle in the feedlot can increase the animals' productive efficiency. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, metabolic parameters, carcass, and meat characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed wax-coated nitrogen additives with or without oil in a feedlot diet. Twenty-four non-castrated Nellore young bulls were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with six animals per treatment, kept in individual pens. The animals began the experimental period with an average body weight of 331.8 ± 25.0 kg. The treatments consisted of a total ratio with (1) Control – without wax-coated nitrogen and oil; (2) wax-coated nitrogen additive without oil, (3) wax-coated nitrogen additive with Buriti oil, (4) wax-coated nitrogen additive with Bocaiuva oil. Animals fed wax-coated nitrogen additive with oils had greater DMI (<em>P</em> = 0.01) than animals fed no oils. Nellore young bulls fed wax-coated nitrogen additive with oils had greater average daily gain during the first 50 days (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and tended to have greater during the first 85 days (<em>P</em> = 0.07) and the overall period (<em>P</em> = 0.10). There were no treatment effects (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.17) on hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, subcutaneous fat, ribeye area, or final carcass pH, and meat quality parameters. Longissimus muscle of animals fed a control diet without additives had low concentrations of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1n9c, sum of monounsaturated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of oil increased C16:0, and C16:1 and decreased C18:3n3 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.04). Including oil from Brazilian Cerrado biome fruits increases Nellore young bulls' nutrient intake and improves gain in the feedlot without negatively affecting carcass characteristics and beef quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal versus external fat in extrusion of dry expanded dog kibbles containing soy – Impact on process stability and product quality","authors":"Hee S. Kim,&nbsp;Logan Kilburn,&nbsp;Charles G. Aldrich,&nbsp;Hulya Dogan,&nbsp;Yonghui Li,&nbsp;Sajid Alavi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pet food does not exceed 200 g/kg fat due to lubrication and related processing and product quality issues; however, increased fat is needed for premium pet foods. Use of whole soybeans (WSB) containing internal fat may alleviate this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fat levels and type (internal from WSB vs external by pumping soybean oil into the preconditioner) on process stability and product physicochemical characteristics during extrusion of dry dog food. Using a 2 <strong>×</strong> 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels of fat (high fat, 80 g/kg as-is basis; HF vs. low fat, 72 g/kg as-is basis; LF) and 3 fat insertion sites (no fat; NO vs. internal fat; IN, from WSB vs. external fat; EX, from soybean oil; SBO), six dog diets were produced by a single screw extruder. Physical properties and physicochemical characteristics of kibbles were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using a GLM procedure for mixed models with fat content and fat insertion site as fixed effects. Results were considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. The EX required the highest extruder screw speed (average; 404 rpm), to achieve the target bulk density, followed by IN and NO (351 and 309 rpm, respectively). The EX led to process instability including extruder surging, and higher variability in kibble dimensions as indicated by the calculated variance. The EX had higher sectional expansion index (SEI) and lower specific length (SL; P &lt; 0.05), leading to similar bulk density to IN and NO. The fat levels did not change the kibbles dimensions or bulk density (P &gt; 0.05), but affected texture and viscosity of the kibbles (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, SBO adversely affected extruder stability and product expansion compared to WSB. By utilizing WSB in the formula in exchange for liquid fat, the pet food industry might be able to increase the energy density and palatability of kibbles, while keeping cost of processing low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production region does not influence digestibility of calcium or phosphorus in sunflower co-products fed to growing pigs, but microbial phytase increases digestibility of both calcium and phosphorus","authors":"Jimena A. Ibagon,&nbsp;Charmaine D. Espinosa ,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the geographical location of production of sunflower co-products does not affect the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P and Ca and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P. Six sources of sunflower meal (SFM) were obtained from the U.S. (two sources), Ukraine (two sources), Hungary, and Italy. A source of sunflower expellers (SFE) from the U.S. was also used. Seven diets were formulated by mixing each source of sunflower co-product with cornstarch; therefore, the sunflower co-product was the only source of P in these diets. Seven additional diets that were identical to the previous seven diets, with the exception that 300 units per kg of microbial phytase were added to each diet, were also formulated. A total of 112 barrows (initial body weight: 18.0 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to the 14 diets using four blocks of 28 pigs, two pigs per diet in each block, and a total of eight replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates to allow for the total collection of fecal materials for four days after seven days of adaptation to the diets. Diets and dried fecal samples were analyzed for dry matter, Ca, and P, and the ATTD of Ca and P, and STTD of P were calculated. Results indicated that diets containing phytase had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ATTD of Ca and P and greater (P &lt; 0.001) STTD of P than diets without phytase. Pigs fed the diet containing the SFE had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD and STTD of P compared with pigs fed diets containing SFM, but no differences in STTD of P among the six sources of SFM were observed. Pigs fed the diet containing one of the sources of SFM from the U.S. had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing the Ukraine sources of SFM, but the ATTD of Ca was not different between SFM and SFE. In conclusion, there was no difference in the ATTD and STTD of P among SFM sources, but ATTD and STTD of P in SFE were less than in SFM. Small differences in the ATTD of Ca among SFM sources were calculated, but no difference between SFM and SFE was observed for ATTD of Ca. The ATTD and STTD of P and ATTD of Ca increased if microbial phytase was added to the diets containing SFM or SFE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}