Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of cuttlefish protein hydrolysate as partial fishmeal replacement in diet for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings: Influence on growth and disease resistance","authors":"Tejpal C.S ,&nbsp;Anliya G ,&nbsp;Lekshmi R.G.K ,&nbsp;Elavarasan K ,&nbsp;Sanal Ebeneezar ,&nbsp;Chandrasekar S ,&nbsp;Anas K.K ,&nbsp;Shilpa G ,&nbsp;Divya V.A","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global fishmeal production declining, this study valorised cuttlefish processing waste into cuttlefish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) as a sustainable aquafeed ingredient. Generally, protein hydrolysates enhance growth performance and immunity in fish, the optimal CFPH level for fish and its influence on growth and disease resistance efficiency remain unstudied - a gap this research addresses while valorizing fishery by products. With this background, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary CFPH as a partial fishmeal replacement on growth performance and disease resistance in tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) fingerlings. During the feeding trial, animals were fed with isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets such as Control (0 g CFPH &amp; 20 g FM/100 g), T1 (5 g CFPH &amp; 15 g FM/100 g), T2 (10 g CFPH &amp; 10 g FM/100 g), T3(15 g CFPH &amp; 5 g FM/100 g), T4(20 g CFPH &amp; 0 g FM /100 g), T5(0 g CFPH &amp; 0 g FM/100 g) for a period of 65days. Fishes fed with the diet containing 15 g CFPH/100 g diet showed significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) improved weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio compared to control diets. Whereas, increasing the inclusion of CFPH in diet beyond 15 g/100 g negatively affected the growth performance of tilapia fingerlings. After the feeding trial, fishes were subjected to a challenge study with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>, treatment group fed with diet containing 20 g CFPH/ 100 g diet showed significant (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) defensive efficiency against the virulent bacterial infection. Based on the outcome of the present study, it is concluded that CFPH is one the potential aqua-feed ingredients having both the growth performance and diseases resistance efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary sodium alginate on growth, immune, antioxidant biomarkers, histological structure, and hyperthermia stress tolerance of thin-lip grey mullet (Liza ramada) fingerlings","authors":"Norhan E. Saleh ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Toutou ,&nbsp;Ali A. Soliman ,&nbsp;Manal I. El-Barbary ,&nbsp;Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary goal of this experiment was to explore the consequences of dietary supplementation of sodium alginate (SA) at levels of 0.0 % (SA0), 1 % (SA1), 2 % (SA2), and 3 % (SA3) on growth performance, immune and antioxidative biomarkers, and internal organs (liver, gills, and intestine) architecture of thin-lip grey mullet (<em>Liza ramada</em>) fingerlings. Fish (6.25 ± 0.20 g) were fed on the experimental diets up to apparent satiety thrice a day for 10 weeks. After that, hyperthermia stress tolerance was investigated via sudden exposure of fish to 32 °C where their mortality rate and the time of death were recorded throughout 4 h. The findings herein showed that feeding <em>L. ramada</em> with 2 % SA significantly exhibited the best fish growth and feed utility. However, no significant alterations were registered in the carcass chemical composition among different fish groups. Compared with other SA groups, the high level of SA (3 %) induced highest levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase. The immune and antioxidant biomarkers in the SA2 group (2 % SA) displayed noticeably higher levels compared with other SA-fed fish groups. The histological examination of liver, gills, and intestine tissues of <em>L. ramada</em> fingerlings fed on SA0, SA1, and SA2 diets showed normal histological structure but slight alterations were observed with SA3 group. After the hyperthermia stress test, it is noted that the control group (SA0) started to die at 13 – 44 min and needed 115–132 min to die completely. On the 0ther hand, feeding thin-lip mullet fingerlings on SA diets; particularly 2 % SA, showed higher survivability and needed more time to die completely (&gt;180 min). In conclusion, using 2 % SA as a feed supplement in diets for <em>L. ramada</em> induced better performance, immune and antioxidant capacity, and enhanced their tolerance against possible hyperthermia stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of dietary Cordyceps militaris substrate on growth, immunity, gonadal quality, and gut microbiota of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius","authors":"Fenglin Tian ,&nbsp;Shufeng Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Xiao ,&nbsp;Weiyan Li ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang ,&nbsp;Lingshu Han ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang ,&nbsp;Jun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius is a commercially valuable marine species in China. <em>Cordyceps militaris</em> culture (CMC), containing cordycepin, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, amino acids, trace elements, and vitamins, was tested in varying concentrations (0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %) in sea urchin feed to evaluate effects on growth, immunity, gonadal quality, and gut microbiota. Five groups were established: a kelp group, a control group (basic feed), and three feed groups with CMC supplementation for two months. The addition of CMC had no significant effect on survival rate. The weight gain rate in the 0.5 % CMC group was similar to the 1.0 % CMC group but lower than the kelp group. The 0.5 % CMC group had the highest gonad wet weight, comparable to the 1.0 % CMC group, and its gonad index was significantly higher than the kelp and control groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In gonad texture, the 0.5 % CMC group showed the highest hardness (not significantly different from 1.0 % CMC), significantly higher springiness, adhesiveness, and chewiness compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Cohesiveness was significantly higher than in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with no differences among other groups. Brightness in the 0.5 % CMC group was significantly higher than in the kelp group, while redness and yellowness were significantly lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CMC significantly enhanced SOD, CAT, and POD activities, with the 0.5 % CMC group showing higher SOD activity than the kelp, control, and 1.5 % CMC groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). POD and CAT activities in the 0.5 % group were significantly higher than in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The 0.5 % CMC group exhibited the highest Firmicutes abundance and significantly improved gut microbiota diversity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, added 0.5–1.0 % CMC improved growth, immunity, gonadal quality, and gut microbiota. While 0.5 % CMC showed consistent improvements, some parameters reached peak values at 1.0 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrolysable tannin extract and dry matter concentration on ensiled legume and grass forages – Chemical composition, crude protein fractions and in vitro gas production kinetics","authors":"B. Hilgers ,&nbsp;C. Böttger ,&nbsp;K. Weiß ,&nbsp;K. Gerlach ,&nbsp;K.H. Südekum","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-ensiling treatments can have a distinct impact on crude protein (CP) degradation and fermentation characteristics of ensiled high-protein forages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dosages of chestnut tannin (CT) and dry matter (DM) concentration on chemical composition, nitrogen (N) compounds as well as <em>in vitro</em> gas production (GP) in grass and legume silages. Pure stands of lucerne (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.), Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em> L.) and red clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) were harvested and wilted to DM contents of approximately 200 and 350 g/kg. The forages were then ensiled in 120-litre barrels with three levels of hydrolysable tannin (HT) supplementation (0, 20 and 40 g/kg DM). After ensiling, six silage treatments of each forage species were sampled for chemical analysis, particularly with regard to proximate constituents, fermentation products and other volatile compounds, CP fractions and 96-h <em>in vitro</em> gas production (GP) characteristics. In order to statistically evaluate the effects of HT and DM treatments, data were analysed using analysis of variance as well as orthogonal contrast test (linear and quadratic). In addition, the mean GP kinetics over time were estimated using nonlinear regressions. The stepwise increase of HT concentration linearly reduced the accumulation of non-protein-N (NPN) in all forages (P &lt; 0.01) by at least 20 % in low DM silages and by 10 % in silages with a higher DM level. Both, HT and DM treatments resulted in a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) of ammonia-N concentration. Among all forage species, the extent of proteolytic activities was highest in untreated low DM lucerne silages, as NPN and ammonia-N concentrations were 824 g/kg CP and 198 g/kg N, respectively, whereas the lowest CP degradation was generally determined in red clover silages. Maximum GP as well as organic matter digestibility (OMD) were negatively affected by increasing HT dosage in all forage species (P &lt; 0.05), with the impact being more pronounced in moister silages. On the other hand, wilting to a higher DM content increased GP and OMD in red clover and Italian ryegrass silages. The present study revealed that HT markedly improved CP quality in silages due to higher stability of protein, whereas the DM treatment had more beneficial effects regarding fermentation quality, OMD and GP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary ascorbic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in abalone Haliotis discus hannai: Size-dependent interactions on lipid metabolism and immunity","authors":"Xiaojun Yu,&nbsp;Wanxiu Rao,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wu,&nbsp;Xinxin Li,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Gaochan Qin,&nbsp;Dong Huang,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai,&nbsp;Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 93-day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the immunity and lipid metabolism of two different sizes of abalone <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em>, with initial weights of 26.89 ± 0.26 g for large-sized and 4.11 ± 0.10 g for small-sized abalone. A 3 × 2 two-factor design was employed to formulate the six experimental diets, consisting of three levels of dietary EPA (0.25 %, 0.75 %, and 1.25 %) and two levels of dietary AA (0 and 1260 mg/kg). The results revealed that in the 1.25 % EPA-supplemented groups, the content of total triacylglycerol (TG) was significantly increased, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was decreased in the cell-free hemolymph (CFH) of large-sized abalone, regardless of dietary AA levels. The TG and LDL-C contents were significantly increased in the CFH of a small-sized abalone fed diet with 1260 mg/kg AA. Dietary supplementation of EPA and AA changed the fatty acid compositions in large- and small-sized abalone by mediating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (such as <em>pparα</em>, <em>hsl</em>, <em>atgl</em> and <em>srebp-1c</em>). Additionally, the impact of EPA and AA on immune function was equally notable. Supplementation of 1260 mg/kg AA and 1.25 % EPA in the diet increased the anti-oxidation and immune enzyme activities, and downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and thus improving the anti-oxidation and immune abilities of abalone. In summary, there was an interaction between EPA and AA on the immunity and lipid metabolism in abalone. Supplementation with 1.25 % EPA and 1260 mg/kg AA had a more pronounced effect on large-sized abalone than smaller ones, including enhancing the lipid metabolism, immunity and overall health status. These findings implied the importance of developing dietary supplementation strategies for abalone, and the size of abalone is an important factor in determining the most effective approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of processed soy ingredients for largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) fingerlings on growth performance, intestinal health, and disease susceptibility","authors":"Jamison L. Semla ,&nbsp;Ian A.E. Butts ,&nbsp;D. Allen Davis ,&nbsp;Abdulmalik A. Oladipupo ,&nbsp;Benjamin R. LaFrentz ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bruce","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Largemouth bass is a critically important sportfish in the United States, and cultural practices have led to the potential of this species as a food fish. The aquaculture industry relies heavily on fishmeal (FM) as a source of protein in dietary formulations. Although an excellent protein source, FM is subject to supply shortages, increased demand, and variable pricing. Soy proteins are also considered an excellent protein source, but high inclusions may negatively influence growth performance and health in several aquaculture species. To evaluate the potential of soy proteins in largemouth bass diets, a feeding trial was conducted with largemouth bass fingerlings (initial weight: 6.15 ± 0.11 g) fed four formulated diets. Alongside a basal diet, the experimental diets included a solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), or enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM), all replacing 50 % of FM. Endpoint growth results revealed no significant differences in growth parameters, but a difference in feed conversion ratio [(1.14–1.28); <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001]. Qualitative histological differences were not significant for the thickness of the lamina propria, the thickness of connective tissue beneath folds, and vacuolization (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.344). Gene expression of targeted cytokines in the intestine were not significant for <em>il1b</em>, <em>il8</em>, <em>il10</em>, and <em>tgfb</em> (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.429). Additionally, no differences were detected in the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome, richness, evenness, or the Shannon index (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.082). However, significant differences in beta diversity were detected for Bray-Curtis (<em>P</em> = 0.002) and unweighted-UniFrac (<em>P</em> = 0.038). Significant differences in blood sera were found for lysozyme activity, albumin, alkaline phosphate, alanine transaminase, creatine, globulin, and total protein concentrations (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.044). Finally, the largemouth bass were subjected to an <em>in vivo</em> immersion-based challenge with <em>Flavobacterium columnare</em> (isolate ARS-LMB-23–5; 4.98 × 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU) mL⁻¹ exposure). No significant differences in endpoint cumulative percent mortality (CPM) were detected among dietary treatment-fed largemouth bass [(81.7–100.0 %); <em>P</em> = 0.530], but a difference in Kaplan-Meier survival curves (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was discerned via Mantel-Cox testing. The comparable growth performance observed in this study demonstrates the potential of replacing FM with various soy protein types in largemouth bass fingerlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing and soaking of sugar beet pulp changes the feeding behavior of horses","authors":"Pauline Grimm ,&nbsp;Marina Terra Braga ,&nbsp;Didier Coulmier ,&nbsp;Véronique Julliand ,&nbsp;Alexandra Destrez ,&nbsp;Samy Julliand","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is an interesting alternative to high-starch cereals to provide sufficient energy for athletic horses without compromising their digestive and metabolic health. However, this ingredient has been associated with a risk of esophageal obstruction (EO) in epidemiological studies. The form in which SBP was offered in those studies was not reported, though it could alter ingestion. To support safe feeding of SBP to horses, this study aimed to compare the effect of three products differing by their processing (“SBP shreds”, “IS pellets”: pellets from integral SBP shreds, “GS pellets”: pellets from ground shreds), fed either dry or soaked, on intake and feeding behavior of horses with normal dentition. The hardness and hydration properties of the three products were determined. Each of the six SBP forms was offered [1 kg of dry matter (DM)] on the morning meal] to nine horses with <em>ad libitum</em> access to hay in a change-over design over a period of three consecutive days. On the first two days of each period, SBP meals were given in the horses’ usual boxes. Refusals were collected 90 min after distribution and weighed to determine DM intake. On the third day, feeding behavior of horses was observed during ten minutes in an experimental box. Swelling (P = 0.002) and water retention capacity (P &lt; 0.001) were lower for shreds than for pellets, without difference between IS and GS pellets. GS pellets were softer than IS pellets. No EO were observed along the experimental periods. Horses spent less time masticating (P = 0.005) and more time in prehension (P &lt; 0.001) when receiving shreds, while the time dedicated to mastication (especially away from the feeder, P &lt; 0.001) was longer with the two dry pellets. Higher intake rates were measured with dry IS and GS pellets than dry shreds (P = 0.001). Similar feeding behavior was observed for the two dry pellets, but GS pellets led to a longer drinking duration (P = 0.034), suggesting less intense chewing and saliva production. Soaking did not modify DM intake but altered the feeding behavior. Compared to dry pellets, horses fed soaked SBP pellets increased their chewing intensity (P = 0.005), slowed down their intake rate (P = 0.001), spent less time walking around their box (P = 0.016) and spent more time in front of the feeder in prehension (P &lt; 0.001). The feeding behavior of horses was not different between soaked pellets and shreds. Feeding these voluminous forms of SBP (shreds or soaked products) could be a strategy to reduce intake rate and increase chews/kg DM, providing more benefits to the health and welfare of horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary vitamin D3 improves growth performance and hepatic glycolipid metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Ju Zhao ,&nbsp;Quanquan Cao ,&nbsp;Mingyao Yan ,&nbsp;Yonglan Ye ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio ,&nbsp;Haifeng Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D3 (VD₃) has been recognized to improve glycolipid metabolism, whereas the mechanism behind is still unknown. Herein, largemouth bass, <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> (LMB) were fed with six diets with different concentrations of VD₃ for 12-weeks. The results demonstrated that VD₃ improved growth, feed utilization and proximate composition. In addition, VD₃ enhanced liver glycogen content, glycolysis-related genes, glycogen synthase kinase 3β a (GSK3β a) and insulin receptor a (INSRa) mRNA expression, suppressed plasma glucose content and gluconeogenesis-related genes expression. VD₃ down-regulated forkhead box O1a (FoxO1a) mRNA expression and nucleus-FoxO1 protein level and increased cytoplasm-FoxO1 protein level. VD₃ decreased plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) contents and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Histological analyses revealed that VD₃ decreased macrovesicular steatosis of liver. VD₃ improved liver lipid metabolism via spursing lipolysis, transportation, and inhibiting lipogenesis. RT-PCR and western blot tests suggested that the potential mechanism may partially be attributed to the VDR/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway mediated glycolipid metabolism. According to the broken line regression analysis of PWG, the dietary VD₃ requirement of LMB was estimated to be 1980.86 IU/kg. This study provides theoretical support and a novel mechanism of action VD₃ glycolipid metabolism via VDR/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of whole wheat supplementation on gastrointestinal tract development and growth performance of two broiler strains fed diets differing in energy and nutrient density from 0 to 40 days of age","authors":"H. Kadardar,&nbsp;L. Aguirre,&nbsp;G. Talegón,&nbsp;R. Lázaro,&nbsp;G.G. Mateos,&nbsp;L. Cámara","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two experiments, using the same protocol and experimental procedures, were conducted to study the effects of whole wheat (WW) supplementation to diets varying in energy and nutrient density, on gastrointestinal tract development and growth performance from hatch to 40 days of age of either Ross 308 or Cobb 500 broilers. The experimental design was completely randomized with 6 treatments organized as a 2 × 3 factorial with energy and nutrient density of the diet (low; LD vs. high; HD) and WW supplementation (control vs. low vs. high) as main effects. Each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a pen with 16 chicks. The feeding program consisted of three phases in which the HD diets contained 0.419 MJ AME_n/kg and 5 % digestible lysine more than the LD diets. In addition, the LD and HD diets were supplemented with 30 g WW/kg from 0 to 14 days and either 75 or 150 g WW/kg from 15 to 40 days of age. At 40 days of age, broilers fed the HD diets were heavier and had better feed and energy conversion ratio (P <em>&lt;</em> 0.100), in both experiments, than broilers fed the LD diets. Whole wheat supplementation increased the weight and decreased the pH of the gizzard (P &lt; 0.05), but impaired BW gain and feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, an increase in diet density improved broiler performance of both strains from 0 to 40 days of age with opposite effects observed with WW supplementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine enhances DHA/EPA deposition in muscle together with increasing antioxidant capacity and immunity of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Jinqi Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Songming Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Yunping Tang ,&nbsp;Runzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangyang Yin ,&nbsp;Liuyang Xiong ,&nbsp;Jintong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiteng Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Han","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid - enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) extracted from <em>Clupea harengus</em> roes on DHA/ eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) deposition and health of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>). Three diets containing 0 %, 1.5 % and 3.5 % DHA-PC were prepared. Shrimp with an initial weight of 1.59 ± 0.04 g were used as the experimental subjects for a 4-week feeding trial. In terms of oxidative stress indices, DHA-PC elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and reduced glutathione (GSH)) and gene expression in various tissues. Simultaneously, two doses of DHA-PC both downregulated the expression of immune genes (<em>traf6</em>, <em>penaeidin</em> and <em>toll</em>) in intestine. As for lipid metabolism, DHA-PC reduced serum and hepatopancreas lipid levels (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). Moreover, DHA-PC augmented the content of DHA and EPA in shrimp muscle. DHA-PC diminished the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis genes (<em>fas</em> and <em>srebp</em>), while upregulating the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation gene (<em>cpt1</em>). A total of 1773 lipid molecular species belonging to 4 categories and 44 lipid classes were identified in muscle lipidomics. Compared with the CON group, DHA-PC upregulated 136 lipid metabolites and downregulated 94 lipid metabolites, primarily focusing on PCs, phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and TGs. Moreover, DHA-PC improved the positioning of DHA and EPA in PC, PE, and TG glycerol backbone. In conclusion, DHA-PC from fish roes amalgamated the beneficial effects of DHA and PC, facilitating the deposition of DHA and EPA in muscle while enhancing the antioxidant stress resistance and immunity of shrimp. As an excellent supplement of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), it can contribute to the healthy culture of shrimp and provide a high-quality protein source for humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}