Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the physical and chemical quality of Atlantic salmon feed with inclusion of full fat black soldier fly or mealworm meal: Extrusion trials and modelling","authors":"H. Cheng ,&nbsp;A. Thorsteinsdottir ,&nbsp;T.K. Dalsgaard ,&nbsp;M. Danielsen ,&nbsp;K.M. Zatti ,&nbsp;A.H. Feyissa","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical pellet quality parameters and the chemical changes due to the inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and mealworm (MW) in an Atlantic salmon feed were investigated in a laboratory extrusion system and compared to a commercial feed (control). The bulk density of the pellets containing BSFL was similar to the control, whereas the pellets containing MW had a lower bulk density compared to the control with no insect meal included. In addition, the hardness and durability values of the BSFL and MW recipes were similar to the control. Regarding the formation of Maillard reaction products, no significant changes were observed for carboxyethyllysine (CEL), carboxymethyllysine (CML), or furosine (FUR), nor for the cross-linkage products lanthionine (LAN), lysinoalanine (LAL), under different extrusion processing conditions. However, the inclusion of MW resulted in numerically higher levels of FUR. A dough viscosity-based model with modifications was applied to fit the extrusion trial data and to predict the relationship between extrusion variables and feed physical pellet quality parameters. The AAD% results of the model regression for BSFL and MW recipes were 4.0 % and 3.4 % for bulk density, 6.1 % and 6.3 % for hardness, 15.1 % and 14.0 % for oil adsorption, and 17.1 % and 35.8 % for durability, respectively. The prediction results demonstrate that the modified model can well predict the pellet bulk density and hardness for the extruded feeds inclusion of BSFL or MW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of the ω-3 fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and fatty acids bioconversion capacity in selected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using alternative dietary oils","authors":"Kimia Kajbaf ,&nbsp;Ken Overturf ,&nbsp;Beth Cleveland ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, vegetable oils (VO) have become the primary alternative for fish oil (FO), as they are readily available, cost effective ingredients that contain high levels of essential C18 fatty acids (FA). Through a selective breeding program we have developed rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) families which are improved in their ability to desaturate and elongate α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to produce the n − 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [LC-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA)]. Therefore, we investigated the influence of fish oil (FO) and alternative oil sources [linseed (LO), soy (SO), canola (CO), coriander (CNO) and algae (AO), all of which include various levels of ALA, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and DHA FAs] on growth, muscle tissue FA composition, and lipid-related hepatic gene expression in trout. Six experimental diets (D1: 17 %FO; D2:17 %LO; D3:8.5 %LO +2.83 %SO + 2.83 %CO + 2.83 %CNO; D4: 4.25 %SO + 4.25 %CO +8.5 %CNO; D5: 8.5 %LO + 8.5 %AO; D6: 17 %AO, percentage is referring to g/kg as fed) were formulated and fed in triplicate to selected trout (initial average weight 470 ± 30 g fish^{− 1}) for 10 weeks. The highest growth performance was observed in AO fed group (D6) whereas lowest value was found in D4. Total saturated FA in muscle was affected by oil sources; diets with LO, SO, CO and CNO exhibited lower deposition than other oil sources. Among VO sources, highest EPA deposition was found in D5 (AO+LO; 1.74 %) and was similar to D2 (LO; 1.61 %), whereas lowest value in D4 (1.26 %) which was similar to D3 (1.45 %). Highest and lowest muscle content of PUFAs was observed in D2 and D4 respectively. Total EPA and DHA content were highest in D6 which is almost three times higher than D2 fed group. The highest expression levels of <em>PPARG</em>, <em>SREBP2</em> and <em>FADS6</em> (genes involved in biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids) was observed in D2. FAS had the highest relative expression in D1 and the lowest in D3 and D5 where both included 50 % linseed oil and 50 % alternative oil. Regarding the antioxidant properties, replacement of fish oil with linseed oil (D2) increased the expression of CAT and GST significantly. Conclusively, the algae oil can be used as an alternative source of oil to enhance the growth and increase the deposition of EPA and DHA in in the selected strain of rainbow trout fillet for more sustainable and healthy seafood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf meal improves growth, feed utilization, and coloration in goldfish (Carassius auratus)","authors":"Anurak Khieokhajonkhet ,&nbsp;Chalantorn Panwiset ,&nbsp;Niran Aeksiri ,&nbsp;Gen Kaneko ,&nbsp;Wilasinee Inyawilert ,&nbsp;Pollawat Panjasee ,&nbsp;Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree ,&nbsp;Pattaraporn Tatsapong ,&nbsp;Wutiporn Phromkunthong","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10-week experiment was conducted to determine the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with chaya leaf meal (CLM) on the growth performance, coloration, total carotenoids content, hematology, and histology of goldfish (<em>Carassius auratus</em>). Five isonitrogenous (426.64 g/kg of crude protein) and isolipidic (90.68 g/kg of crude lipid) diets were formulated. A control diet was formulated to replace 0 %, 8 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % FM with CLM (corresponding to 74, 138, 225, and 315 g/kg CLM). A feeding trial was conducted using a total of 300 goldfish (10.03 ± 0.01 g/fish). Fifteen 120-liter glass tanks were each stocked with 20 fish. Dietary inclusion of CLM resulted in linear and quadratic increase in protein productive value (P &lt; 0.05), while no significant impact was observed on other growth and feed utilization parameters. A notably elevated whole-body protein content was observed with CLM138. Lipid and ash contents exhibited no significant variations. The redness (a* value) and yellowness (b* value) of the head, abdomen, and tail regions increased linearly and quadratically in all CLM replacement groups. The highest redness was observed in head, abdominal, and tail regions of the CLM315 group. Moreover, fish fed CLM315 exhibited linear and quadratic increase of total carotenoid in fin, liver, and serum, while only a linear effect was observed in muscle carotenoid content. Similarly, CLM replacement linearly increased red blood cell, white blood cell, and hematocrit, as well as total cholesterol and HDL-c contents (P &lt; 0.05). In accordance with growth performance, histological observation revealed that goldfish receiving dietary CLM did not show any alternations in liver hepatocytes. These results clearly demonstrate that CLM can replace FM up to 315 g/kg without any adverse effects on growth and feed utilization in goldfish. Moreover, this dietary CLM level enhances goldfish coloration, increases carotenoid content, and supports sustainable ornamental fish diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of chicken meal with full-fat locust meal in Golden Retriever dog food and its influence on palatability, digestibility, fecal quality, and immunity","authors":"Ibrar Ahmed,&nbsp;Fatma İnal","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past few years, the pet industrial and academic community have made significant attempts to find innovative substitutes for chicken meal to make dog foods more durable and efficient. The present study is the first application of full fat locust meal (LM) in dog (Golden Retriever) food. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase 18 mixed-sex Golden Retriever dogs were fed three diets: control diet, with no LM and 140 g/kg chicken meal (CM140); LM70-CM70 – with 70 g/kg full-fat LM and 70 g/kg CM; LM140 – with 140 g/kg full-fat LM and no CM for 15 days. The LM addition in dog food did not influence the body weight of dogs significantly. The dry matter and organic matter of all feeds containing CM and LM were not changed significantly whereas crude protein digestibility was significantly changed. The faecal parameters, including score, cumulative pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids were not affected by the addition of LM in dog food, whereas faecal pH on the fifth day was significantly reduced. In the second phase, 20 mixed-sex Golden Retriever dogs were fed two diets; CM140 and LM140 to check the palatability of the diets. The food selection in terms of consumption, preference and direction preference were not changed with the addition of LM in place of CM in dog food. It can be concluded from the present study that the replacement of CM with LM in dog food can be done without major negative consequences on the health status and overall performance of dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a hybrid near infrared reflectance spectroscopy approach to calculate nutrient digestibility of rabbit feeds","authors":"E. Fortatos,&nbsp;I. Hadjigeorgiou,&nbsp;K. Fegeros,&nbsp;G. Papadomichelakis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients is an important measurement in rabbits as it is closely associated with feed efficiency. Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive method that has been used to predict not only the chemical composition of feed and feces but also the digestibility of nutrients. The prediction of digestibility is indirect, based on the assumption that the spectral data of feed and/or feces samples may contain combined chemical and physical information that enhances the quantity of information related to digestion processes. We investigated the possibility of calculating the digestibility in a two-step method by predicting the phytogenic silica (PS) marker in feed and feces with NIRS, thus, correlating the NIRS predictive ability to PS, an internal marker. A total of 27 feed samples and 282 fecal samples from an in vivo digestibility experiment were used. In addition, 43 feed samples were collected from commercial units to expand the dataset. Each data set was randomly split in calibration (n = 50 and 190 for feeds and feces, respectively) and validation sets (n = 20 and 92 for feeds and feces, respectively). First, calibrations were developed for predicting the chemical composition of feed and feces including PS. Fecal spectra were used for predicting the CTTAD of dry matter, organic matter and protein. The calibrations were evaluated internally by cross-validation; leave one out for feed and group k fold for feces and externally with an independent set. Most chemical parameters of feed and feces were predicted accurately (R²_val&gt; 0.8). The prediction of CTTAD of nutrients from fecal spectra had a good R²_val value (&gt; 0.75). Regarding PS marker, in feed it was predicted accurately in the independent set (R²_val= 0.75) and less accurately, yet adequately, in feces (R²_val= 0.7). The next step was to calculate the CTTAD of nutrients and then compare with those obtained by fecal NIRS. The NIRS models demonstrated accurate prediction of the PS marker and the calculated CTTADs were comparable with those of the fecal NIRS did not reveal any significant differences. In conclusion, our approach can adequately calculate the CTTAD of nutrients but more research is required to.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of xylanase to high and low nutrient density diets on nutrient digestibility and palatability, fecal characteristics, fermentation products and intestinal permeability in dogs","authors":"Nayara Ostapechen Carneiro ,&nbsp;Camilla Mariane Menezes Souza,&nbsp;Taís Silvino Bastos,&nbsp;Alex Maiorka,&nbsp;Ananda Portella Félix,&nbsp;Simone Gisele de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase inclusion (80,000 birch xylanase units, BXU/kg of diet, as fed) in diets with high and low nutrient density on the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, dietary metabolizable energy (ME), fecal characteristics, fermentation products, and intestinal permeability of dogs. In addition, the palatability of the diet was evaluated. Four dietary treatments were applied: HD, high nutrient density without xylanase; HD+X, HD diet with xylanase; LD, low nutrient density without xylanase; LD+X, LD diet with xylanase. In experiment I, digestibility, fecal characteristics, fermentation products and intestinal permeability variables were measured in 12 adult Beagle dogs, distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. In experiment II, a palatability test was performed in pairs by means of two comparisons: HD <em>vs.</em> HD+X and LD <em>vs.</em> LD+X. The HD diet showed higher CTTAD compared to the LD diet (P &lt; 0.05). The dietary inclusion of the enzyme showed no change in CTTAD of nutrients and ME (P &gt; 0.05). There was an interaction between factors for the concentration of propionic, isovaleric and isobutyric acids (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, lower concentrations of putrescine and cadaverine were found in the feces of dogs fed HD+X diets (P &lt; 0.05). The LD diet increased the intestinal permeability (P &lt; 0.05), and palatability was not altered by the xylanase inclusion (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 0.5 g/kg xylanase does not affect nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of dogs fed low and high nutrient density diets. However, biogenic amine concentrations were reduced when adding xylanase to HD diets. Furthermore, LD diets lead to lower digestibility and increased intestinal permeability. Finally, the palatability is not affected by the inclusion of xylanase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility of calcium in calcium carbonate varies among origins, but is increased by microbial phytase regardless of origin","authors":"Megan E. Nelson ,&nbsp;Su A Lee ,&nbsp;Carrie L. Walk ,&nbsp;April Zhang ,&nbsp;Heng-Xiao Zhai ,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that there are differences in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and in the response to microbial phytase among sources of Ca carbonate produced in different regions of the world. Three hundred and twenty barrows (body weight: 17.47 ± 1.28 kg) were allotted to 40 diets using a completely randomized block design with eight blocks of 40 pigs for a total of eight replicate pigs per diet. All diets were based on corn and potato protein concentrate. Twenty sources of Ca carbonate were obtained from different regions of the world, including the United States, Europe, Asia, and South Africa. Each source of Ca carbonate was used in two diets, one diet without microbial phytase and one diet that contained 1000 phytase units (FYT)/kg of diet. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and were fed experimental diets for 12 days, with the initial five days being the adaptation period. Daily feed allotments were divided into two equal meals and pigs were provided feed at 3.0 times the maintenance requirement for metabolizable energy. Feces were collected for four days following the adaptation period, and at the conclusion of the experiment, fecal samples were dried, ground, and analyzed for Ca and P. Results indicated that there were no interactions between source of Ca carbonate and phytase. Differences in ATTD and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca were observed among pigs fed diets containing different sources of Ca carbonate (P &lt; 0.001). Pigs fed diets containing 1000 FYT/kg had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ATTD and STTD of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing no phytase (0.809 vs. 0.697 and 0.835 vs. 0.753, respectively). There was a tendency (P = 0.050) for source of Ca carbonate to influence ATTD of P, and pigs fed diets containing 1000 FYT/kg had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ATTD of P compared with pigs fed diets without phytase (0.793 vs. 0.641). No interactions were observed between region and phytase. The ATTD and STTD of Ca in Ca carbonate from the United States was less (P &lt; 0.05) than in Ca carbonate from Europe, Asia, or South Africa. In conclusion, differences in ATTD and STTD of Ca were observed among Ca carbonate obtained from four regions of the world, and inclusion of microbial phytase increased the ATTD and STTD of Ca in Ca carbonate regardless of the region where the Ca carbonate was produced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo investigations on the use of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as a novel protein feed ingredient for fattening lambs","authors":"L.E. Robles-Jimenez ,&nbsp;S. Angeles ,&nbsp;A.H. Ramirez-Perez ,&nbsp;B. Fuente ,&nbsp;V. Velazquez-Ordoñez ,&nbsp;E. Cardoso-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;M. Renna ,&nbsp;L. Rastello ,&nbsp;M.T. Capucchio ,&nbsp;T. Hassan ,&nbsp;L. Gasco ,&nbsp;J.M. Pino-Moreno ,&nbsp;N. Ghavipanje ,&nbsp;I.A. Dominguez-Vara ,&nbsp;M. Gonzalez-Ronquillo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The quest for novel, alternative, and sustainable protein feed sources, including insects, has gained attraction by the feed industry. Here, two experiments (Exp.) explored the impacts of &lt;em&gt;Tenebrio molitor&lt;/em&gt; meal (TMM) as a protein feed ingredient for fattening lambs, as compared to conventional plant-based and animal-based protein sources, namely soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM), respectively. In Exp. 1, &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile of three experimental diets [1- SBM at 150 g/kg dry matter (DM); 2- FM at 50 g/kg DM; and 3- TMM at 60 g/kg DM] were assessed using three fistulated lambs. In Exp. 2, twenty-four male Suffolk lambs [3 months of age; 24 ± 1.3 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned for 30 days to one of the three experimental diets. Feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance were assessed. At the end of the trial, the lambs were slaughtered, and samples of rumen (dorsal and ventral sacs), proximal intestine, and liver were collected and subjected to histomorphometric and histopathological evaluations. Data were analyzed using a general linear model and mixed models for the &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; trials, respectively; histopathological data were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of Exp. 1 showed that total gas production was lower (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.021; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.359), while DM disappearance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.021; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.233) and microbial crude protein production (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.015; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.347) were higher, for the TMM diet when compared to the FM diet, while the SBM diet showed intermediate values. Results of Exp. 2 revealed that the DM intake of TMM-fed lambs was comparable to that of FM-fed lambs, but lower than that of SBM-fed lambs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.035; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.407). The average daily gain was the lowest in the TMM-fed lambs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.033; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.373), while the final BW remained unaffected by diet. Higher total tract apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter was obtained with the TMM and FM diets than with the SBM diet (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.411 and 0.408, respectively). Nitrogen balance ranked in the following order: FM &gt; TMM &gt; SBM (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.385). Ruminal morphometric indexes (i.e., papillae length and width, absorption area, and thickness of mucosa, submucosa and muscular layers) were not affected by diet. When compared to SBM-fed lambs, the TMM- and FM-fed ones exhibited significantly lower severity of epithelial keratinization in the ruminal dorsal sac (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.034; ε&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.299). Intestinal inflammation was predominantly characterized by mononuclear cells and eosinophils in the TMM and SBM groups, respectively. No differences among the experimental groups were observed for other histopathological features at rumen, intestine, and liver levels. Overall, our results suggest that TMM can be used as a protein s","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract alleviates crowding stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings with enhancement of growth performance and IGF-1 expression, physio-biochemical profile, antioxidant status and immunological responses","authors":"Soumyodeep Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Parimal Sardar ,&nbsp;Narottam Prasad Sahu ,&nbsp;Naseemashahul Shamna ,&nbsp;Manish Jayant ,&nbsp;Manas Kumar Maiti ,&nbsp;Atshaya Sundararajan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crowding stress in intensified aquaculture system reduces growth of fish. However, dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract derived bioactive compounds are expected to minimize stress with augmented fish production. Therefore, a 60-day study with dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract (PPEE) at 0, 0.5 and 1 % levels evaluated growth performance and physio-immunological responses of <em>Labeo rohita</em> fingerlings reared under different stocking densities (10, 15 and 20 fish/75 L). Fish fingerlings (405 numbers) of 4.15 ± 0.006 g were distributed among nine groups in triplicate following 3 (PPEE level) × 3 (stocking density) factorial design. Three isonitrogenous (30 % crude protein), isolipidic (6 %) and isocaloric (370 kcal DE/100 g) diets were prepared and fed respective groups on satiation basis twice daily. High stocking density significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced final body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, hepatic <em>IGF-1</em> expression, whole-body crude protein, lipid and total carbohydrate, intestinal protease and lipase activities, serum proteins and total immunoglobulin and respiratory burst activity (NBT) and increased feed conversion ratio and hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of fish. However, irrespective of stocking density, 1 % dietary PPEE could enhance the growth performances and physio-immunological responses of fish. In conclusion, feeding of PPEE at 1 % level can sustain intensified aquaculture production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the nutritional and fermentation profiles with protein-related molecular structure using fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of snowbird faba bean seeds. Effects of steam pressure toasting duration","authors":"María E. Rodríguez Espinosa,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat processing alters the physicochemical structure of feed and food, modifying the degradation and the total nutrient supply. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of molecular structure modifications related to steam pressure toasting (SPT) time (0–120 min) in Faba bean seeds (FBS, <em>Vicia faba</em> cv. Snowbird). Whole FBS (n = 3 years) were autoclaved at 121°C and analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region. The amide to total carbohydrates (TC) area ratio decreased quadratically from 0.77 to 0.67 absorbance units (AU; P &lt; 0.01), as well as the structural carbohydrates (STC) to TC area ratio (P &lt; 0.01). Conversely, the cellulosic compounds (CEC) to STC area ratio increased quadratically from raw to 120 min of SPT (P = 0.01). The peak absorbance for amide I, II, β-sheet, and α-helix decreased quadratically with increasing SPT time (P &lt; 0.01). Based on the multivariate analysis, T30, T60, and T90 did not share similar molecular spectra in the amide I area at ca. 1715–1584 cm⁻¹ (PC-1 =92 %). The rumen undegraded crude protein (BCP_DVE, g/kg DM) had an inverse relationship with α-helix (r = -0.66; P = 0.01), β-sheet (r = -0.56; P = 0.03), and amide and amide I areas (r = -0.61; P = 0.02). Similarly, the intestinal digestible crude protein (IADP, g/kg CP), the total metabolizable protein (g/kg DM), and the feed milk value (FMV, kg milk/kg DM feed) presented a negative correlation with all the protein-related molecular profiles (P &lt; 0.05). The analysis of FTIR data allowed us to detect differences between the experimental treatments. The AU in areas and heights of amide I and II, α-helix and β-sheet heights, and the area ratio of amide to TC were lower with increasing SPT time. Moreover, a positive correlation between the EDCP and all the spectral profiles was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}