Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a hybrid near infrared reflectance spectroscopy approach to calculate nutrient digestibility of rabbit feeds","authors":"E. Fortatos,&nbsp;I. Hadjigeorgiou,&nbsp;K. Fegeros,&nbsp;G. Papadomichelakis","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients is an important measurement in rabbits as it is closely associated with feed efficiency. Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-destructive method that has been used to predict not only the chemical composition of feed and feces but also the digestibility of nutrients. The prediction of digestibility is indirect, based on the assumption that the spectral data of feed and/or feces samples may contain combined chemical and physical information that enhances the quantity of information related to digestion processes. We investigated the possibility of calculating the digestibility in a two-step method by predicting the phytogenic silica (PS) marker in feed and feces with NIRS, thus, correlating the NIRS predictive ability to PS, an internal marker. A total of 27 feed samples and 282 fecal samples from an in vivo digestibility experiment were used. In addition, 43 feed samples were collected from commercial units to expand the dataset. Each data set was randomly split in calibration (n = 50 and 190 for feeds and feces, respectively) and validation sets (n = 20 and 92 for feeds and feces, respectively). First, calibrations were developed for predicting the chemical composition of feed and feces including PS. Fecal spectra were used for predicting the CTTAD of dry matter, organic matter and protein. The calibrations were evaluated internally by cross-validation; leave one out for feed and group k fold for feces and externally with an independent set. Most chemical parameters of feed and feces were predicted accurately (R²_val&gt; 0.8). The prediction of CTTAD of nutrients from fecal spectra had a good R²_val value (&gt; 0.75). Regarding PS marker, in feed it was predicted accurately in the independent set (R²_val= 0.75) and less accurately, yet adequately, in feces (R²_val= 0.7). The next step was to calculate the CTTAD of nutrients and then compare with those obtained by fecal NIRS. The NIRS models demonstrated accurate prediction of the PS marker and the calculated CTTADs were comparable with those of the fecal NIRS did not reveal any significant differences. In conclusion, our approach can adequately calculate the CTTAD of nutrients but more research is required to.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of the ω-3 fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and fatty acids bioconversion capacity in selected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using alternative dietary oils","authors":"Kimia Kajbaf ,&nbsp;Ken Overturf ,&nbsp;Beth Cleveland ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, vegetable oils (VO) have become the primary alternative for fish oil (FO), as they are readily available, cost effective ingredients that contain high levels of essential C18 fatty acids (FA). Through a selective breeding program we have developed rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) families which are improved in their ability to desaturate and elongate α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to produce the n − 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [LC-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA)]. Therefore, we investigated the influence of fish oil (FO) and alternative oil sources [linseed (LO), soy (SO), canola (CO), coriander (CNO) and algae (AO), all of which include various levels of ALA, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and DHA FAs] on growth, muscle tissue FA composition, and lipid-related hepatic gene expression in trout. Six experimental diets (D1: 17 %FO; D2:17 %LO; D3:8.5 %LO +2.83 %SO + 2.83 %CO + 2.83 %CNO; D4: 4.25 %SO + 4.25 %CO +8.5 %CNO; D5: 8.5 %LO + 8.5 %AO; D6: 17 %AO, percentage is referring to g/kg as fed) were formulated and fed in triplicate to selected trout (initial average weight 470 ± 30 g fish^{− 1}) for 10 weeks. The highest growth performance was observed in AO fed group (D6) whereas lowest value was found in D4. Total saturated FA in muscle was affected by oil sources; diets with LO, SO, CO and CNO exhibited lower deposition than other oil sources. Among VO sources, highest EPA deposition was found in D5 (AO+LO; 1.74 %) and was similar to D2 (LO; 1.61 %), whereas lowest value in D4 (1.26 %) which was similar to D3 (1.45 %). Highest and lowest muscle content of PUFAs was observed in D2 and D4 respectively. Total EPA and DHA content were highest in D6 which is almost three times higher than D2 fed group. The highest expression levels of <em>PPARG</em>, <em>SREBP2</em> and <em>FADS6</em> (genes involved in biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids) was observed in D2. FAS had the highest relative expression in D1 and the lowest in D3 and D5 where both included 50 % linseed oil and 50 % alternative oil. Regarding the antioxidant properties, replacement of fish oil with linseed oil (D2) increased the expression of CAT and GST significantly. Conclusively, the algae oil can be used as an alternative source of oil to enhance the growth and increase the deposition of EPA and DHA in in the selected strain of rainbow trout fillet for more sustainable and healthy seafood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of xylanase to high and low nutrient density diets on nutrient digestibility and palatability, fecal characteristics, fermentation products and intestinal permeability in dogs","authors":"Nayara Ostapechen Carneiro ,&nbsp;Camilla Mariane Menezes Souza,&nbsp;Taís Silvino Bastos,&nbsp;Alex Maiorka,&nbsp;Ananda Portella Félix,&nbsp;Simone Gisele de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of xylanase inclusion (80,000 birch xylanase units, BXU/kg of diet, as fed) in diets with high and low nutrient density on the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, dietary metabolizable energy (ME), fecal characteristics, fermentation products, and intestinal permeability of dogs. In addition, the palatability of the diet was evaluated. Four dietary treatments were applied: HD, high nutrient density without xylanase; HD+X, HD diet with xylanase; LD, low nutrient density without xylanase; LD+X, LD diet with xylanase. In experiment I, digestibility, fecal characteristics, fermentation products and intestinal permeability variables were measured in 12 adult Beagle dogs, distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. In experiment II, a palatability test was performed in pairs by means of two comparisons: HD <em>vs.</em> HD+X and LD <em>vs.</em> LD+X. The HD diet showed higher CTTAD compared to the LD diet (P &lt; 0.05). The dietary inclusion of the enzyme showed no change in CTTAD of nutrients and ME (P &gt; 0.05). There was an interaction between factors for the concentration of propionic, isovaleric and isobutyric acids (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, lower concentrations of putrescine and cadaverine were found in the feces of dogs fed HD+X diets (P &lt; 0.05). The LD diet increased the intestinal permeability (P &lt; 0.05), and palatability was not altered by the xylanase inclusion (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 0.5 g/kg xylanase does not affect nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of dogs fed low and high nutrient density diets. However, biogenic amine concentrations were reduced when adding xylanase to HD diets. Furthermore, LD diets lead to lower digestibility and increased intestinal permeability. Finally, the palatability is not affected by the inclusion of xylanase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility of calcium in calcium carbonate varies among origins, but is increased by microbial phytase regardless of origin","authors":"Megan E. Nelson ,&nbsp;Su A Lee ,&nbsp;Carrie L. Walk ,&nbsp;April Zhang ,&nbsp;Heng-Xiao Zhai ,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that there are differences in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and in the response to microbial phytase among sources of Ca carbonate produced in different regions of the world. Three hundred and twenty barrows (body weight: 17.47 ± 1.28 kg) were allotted to 40 diets using a completely randomized block design with eight blocks of 40 pigs for a total of eight replicate pigs per diet. All diets were based on corn and potato protein concentrate. Twenty sources of Ca carbonate were obtained from different regions of the world, including the United States, Europe, Asia, and South Africa. Each source of Ca carbonate was used in two diets, one diet without microbial phytase and one diet that contained 1000 phytase units (FYT)/kg of diet. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and were fed experimental diets for 12 days, with the initial five days being the adaptation period. Daily feed allotments were divided into two equal meals and pigs were provided feed at 3.0 times the maintenance requirement for metabolizable energy. Feces were collected for four days following the adaptation period, and at the conclusion of the experiment, fecal samples were dried, ground, and analyzed for Ca and P. Results indicated that there were no interactions between source of Ca carbonate and phytase. Differences in ATTD and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca were observed among pigs fed diets containing different sources of Ca carbonate (P &lt; 0.001). Pigs fed diets containing 1000 FYT/kg had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ATTD and STTD of Ca compared with pigs fed diets containing no phytase (0.809 vs. 0.697 and 0.835 vs. 0.753, respectively). There was a tendency (P = 0.050) for source of Ca carbonate to influence ATTD of P, and pigs fed diets containing 1000 FYT/kg had greater (P &lt; 0.001) ATTD of P compared with pigs fed diets without phytase (0.793 vs. 0.641). No interactions were observed between region and phytase. The ATTD and STTD of Ca in Ca carbonate from the United States was less (P &lt; 0.05) than in Ca carbonate from Europe, Asia, or South Africa. In conclusion, differences in ATTD and STTD of Ca were observed among Ca carbonate obtained from four regions of the world, and inclusion of microbial phytase increased the ATTD and STTD of Ca in Ca carbonate regardless of the region where the Ca carbonate was produced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo investigations on the use of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as a novel protein feed ingredient for fattening lambs","authors":"L.E. Robles-Jimenez ,&nbsp;S. Angeles ,&nbsp;A.H. Ramirez-Perez ,&nbsp;B. Fuente ,&nbsp;V. Velazquez-Ordoñez ,&nbsp;E. Cardoso-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;M. Renna ,&nbsp;L. Rastello ,&nbsp;M.T. Capucchio ,&nbsp;T. Hassan ,&nbsp;L. Gasco ,&nbsp;J.M. Pino-Moreno ,&nbsp;N. Ghavipanje ,&nbsp;I.A. Dominguez-Vara ,&nbsp;M. Gonzalez-Ronquillo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The quest for novel, alternative, and sustainable protein feed sources, including insects, has gained attraction by the feed industry. Here, two experiments (Exp.) explored the impacts of &lt;em&gt;Tenebrio molitor&lt;/em&gt; meal (TMM) as a protein feed ingredient for fattening lambs, as compared to conventional plant-based and animal-based protein sources, namely soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM), respectively. In Exp. 1, &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile of three experimental diets [1- SBM at 150 g/kg dry matter (DM); 2- FM at 50 g/kg DM; and 3- TMM at 60 g/kg DM] were assessed using three fistulated lambs. In Exp. 2, twenty-four male Suffolk lambs [3 months of age; 24 ± 1.3 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned for 30 days to one of the three experimental diets. Feed intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance were assessed. At the end of the trial, the lambs were slaughtered, and samples of rumen (dorsal and ventral sacs), proximal intestine, and liver were collected and subjected to histomorphometric and histopathological evaluations. Data were analyzed using a general linear model and mixed models for the &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; trials, respectively; histopathological data were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results of Exp. 1 showed that total gas production was lower (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.021; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.359), while DM disappearance (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.021; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.233) and microbial crude protein production (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.015; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.347) were higher, for the TMM diet when compared to the FM diet, while the SBM diet showed intermediate values. Results of Exp. 2 revealed that the DM intake of TMM-fed lambs was comparable to that of FM-fed lambs, but lower than that of SBM-fed lambs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.035; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.407). The average daily gain was the lowest in the TMM-fed lambs (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.033; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.373), while the final BW remained unaffected by diet. Higher total tract apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter was obtained with the TMM and FM diets than with the SBM diet (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.411 and 0.408, respectively). Nitrogen balance ranked in the following order: FM &gt; TMM &gt; SBM (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001; η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.385). Ruminal morphometric indexes (i.e., papillae length and width, absorption area, and thickness of mucosa, submucosa and muscular layers) were not affected by diet. When compared to SBM-fed lambs, the TMM- and FM-fed ones exhibited significantly lower severity of epithelial keratinization in the ruminal dorsal sac (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.034; ε&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.299). Intestinal inflammation was predominantly characterized by mononuclear cells and eosinophils in the TMM and SBM groups, respectively. No differences among the experimental groups were observed for other histopathological features at rumen, intestine, and liver levels. Overall, our results suggest that TMM can be used as a protein s","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract alleviates crowding stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings with enhancement of growth performance and IGF-1 expression, physio-biochemical profile, antioxidant status and immunological responses","authors":"Soumyodeep Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Parimal Sardar ,&nbsp;Narottam Prasad Sahu ,&nbsp;Naseemashahul Shamna ,&nbsp;Manish Jayant ,&nbsp;Manas Kumar Maiti ,&nbsp;Atshaya Sundararajan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crowding stress in intensified aquaculture system reduces growth of fish. However, dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract derived bioactive compounds are expected to minimize stress with augmented fish production. Therefore, a 60-day study with dietary pineapple peel ethanolic extract (PPEE) at 0, 0.5 and 1 % levels evaluated growth performance and physio-immunological responses of <em>Labeo rohita</em> fingerlings reared under different stocking densities (10, 15 and 20 fish/75 L). Fish fingerlings (405 numbers) of 4.15 ± 0.006 g were distributed among nine groups in triplicate following 3 (PPEE level) × 3 (stocking density) factorial design. Three isonitrogenous (30 % crude protein), isolipidic (6 %) and isocaloric (370 kcal DE/100 g) diets were prepared and fed respective groups on satiation basis twice daily. High stocking density significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced final body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, hepatic <em>IGF-1</em> expression, whole-body crude protein, lipid and total carbohydrate, intestinal protease and lipase activities, serum proteins and total immunoglobulin and respiratory burst activity (NBT) and increased feed conversion ratio and hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of fish. However, irrespective of stocking density, 1 % dietary PPEE could enhance the growth performances and physio-immunological responses of fish. In conclusion, feeding of PPEE at 1 % level can sustain intensified aquaculture production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the nutritional and fermentation profiles with protein-related molecular structure using fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of snowbird faba bean seeds. Effects of steam pressure toasting duration","authors":"María E. Rodríguez Espinosa,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat processing alters the physicochemical structure of feed and food, modifying the degradation and the total nutrient supply. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of molecular structure modifications related to steam pressure toasting (SPT) time (0–120 min) in Faba bean seeds (FBS, <em>Vicia faba</em> cv. Snowbird). Whole FBS (n = 3 years) were autoclaved at 121°C and analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region. The amide to total carbohydrates (TC) area ratio decreased quadratically from 0.77 to 0.67 absorbance units (AU; P &lt; 0.01), as well as the structural carbohydrates (STC) to TC area ratio (P &lt; 0.01). Conversely, the cellulosic compounds (CEC) to STC area ratio increased quadratically from raw to 120 min of SPT (P = 0.01). The peak absorbance for amide I, II, β-sheet, and α-helix decreased quadratically with increasing SPT time (P &lt; 0.01). Based on the multivariate analysis, T30, T60, and T90 did not share similar molecular spectra in the amide I area at ca. 1715–1584 cm⁻¹ (PC-1 =92 %). The rumen undegraded crude protein (BCP_DVE, g/kg DM) had an inverse relationship with α-helix (r = -0.66; P = 0.01), β-sheet (r = -0.56; P = 0.03), and amide and amide I areas (r = -0.61; P = 0.02). Similarly, the intestinal digestible crude protein (IADP, g/kg CP), the total metabolizable protein (g/kg DM), and the feed milk value (FMV, kg milk/kg DM feed) presented a negative correlation with all the protein-related molecular profiles (P &lt; 0.05). The analysis of FTIR data allowed us to detect differences between the experimental treatments. The AU in areas and heights of amide I and II, α-helix and β-sheet heights, and the area ratio of amide to TC were lower with increasing SPT time. Moreover, a positive correlation between the EDCP and all the spectral profiles was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different rumen biohydrogenation extents in lambs: Assessing fatty acid composition, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility","authors":"Zhiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Yarong Meng ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Weng ,&nbsp;Xinji Wang ,&nbsp;Xiumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Duohu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rumen microbial biohydrogenation is a crucial process in the ruminant digestive system. Variability in fatty acid composition of <em>longissimus lumborum</em>, rumen fermentation, and bacterial communities was examined between lambs categorized into low (LB) and high (HB) rumen biohydrogenation extent groups. Lambs in HB group demonstrated enhanced apparent digestibility of feed nutrients compared to LB lambs (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the HB lambs displayed higher rumen tissue weight, and rumen/carcass ratio. Higher concentrations of ammonia and total VFA, but lower acetate/<em>n</em>-butyrate ratio in rumen of HB lambs than in the rumen of LB lambs were observed (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Distinct rumen bacterial communities were observed between the HB and LB lambs, with the former exhibiting higher abundance of WCHB1–41_ge but lower abundance of <em>Fibrobacter</em> (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). No gene directly involved in biohydrogenation was detected according to the PICURSt functional prediction. Moreover, HB lambs displayed elevated relative abundance of C18:0 in their muscles (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, individual biohydrogenation extent in rumen is connected with rumen fermentation, fiber degradation, and meat FA profile. Rumen fermentation parameters and amplicon results confirmed a shift in fermentation mode from acetate to <em>n</em>-butyrate, potentially facilitated by fiber-degrading bacterium WCHB1–41_ge. The findings suggest that enhancing biohydrogenation extent could improve feed nutrient utilization and rumen function, potentially leading to better growth performance and carcass characteristics in lambs. The observed differences in rumen fermentation patterns and bacterial communities inform dietary strategies aimed at optimizing meat fatty acid profiles, which are important for both meat industry stakeholders and consumers seeking healthier meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of microalgae meal for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on growth performance, flesh quality, and immunity","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Liao,&nbsp;Peng Shi,&nbsp;Jiandong Guo,&nbsp;Fengjun Xie,&nbsp;Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have emerged as a promising supplement or feed additive and ensure sustainability standards in aquaculture. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary marine microalgae, <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> and <em>Tetraselmis</em> sp., supplementation on growth performance, feed intake, tissue morphology, biochemical characteristics of some tissues and expression of immune related genes in hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei. L</em>. <em>vannamei</em> (about 0.8 g) was fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets including six dietary marine microalgae (<em>P. tricornutum: Tetraselmis</em> sp. = 1: 1) content 0 (CON), 1.5 % (MA-1.5 %), 3 % (MA-3 %), 4.5 % (MA-4.5 %), 6 % (MA-6 %) and 7.5 % (MA-7.5 %) for 9 weeks. Subsequently, the shrimp was challenged with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> injection. Microalgae supplementation could increase the survival rate of from 78.33 % to 100 % and decrease the feed conversion ratio from 1.66 to 1.37. Additionally, microalgae significantly decreased the crude lipid and increased the content of n-3 PUFA in the muscle (P &gt; 0.05). The intestinal villi in MA-4.5 % had the greatest height and maintained the most intact shape. Following 8 h of V. parahaemolyticus stress, the mortality rate of shrimp in MA-3 % group was 1/6 that in CON group. Furthermore, the MDA content in hepatopancreas was significantly lower in the MA-3 % group compared to the CON group (P &gt; 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of antibacteria-related genes (alf1, alf2, crus, lyz, pen3a and pen4), proPO system-related genes (sp, pexn, propo1 and propo2), and antioxidant gene cat in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from the MA-3 % group (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate that the microalgal mixture is an effective dietary additive for L. vannamei, promoting improved growth performance, enhanced flesh quality, and stronger immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of selenium-enriched Bacillus pumilus on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, innate immune response, and oxidative activity Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed fishmeal-free diets","authors":"Eman Y. Mohammady ,&nbsp;Shrouq S. Khafagy ,&nbsp;Ehab E. Shawer ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Soaudy ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Hassaan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116202","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study is the first step towards optimizing Nile tilapia (&lt;em&gt;Oreochromis niloticus&lt;/em&gt;) performance through a fishmeal-free diet with selenium forms (Se) and Se-enriched &lt;em&gt;Bacillus pumilus&lt;/em&gt;. Consequently, the present interest is to study their effect on immune response and growth performance that are directly affected by hemato-biochemical indices along with analyses of intestinal histomorphology and other hepatic antioxidant enzymes in Nile tilapia. The study utilized a 2 × 3 factorial feeding design involving 450 tilapia fingerlings, each with an average body weight of 3.23 ± 0.09 g. The fish were distributed into 18 cylindrical plastic tanks, each with a volume of 0.5 m³ , containing 25 fish per tank. Six experimental diets were formulated, all of which were isonitrogenous (30 % crude protein) and isoenergetic. The diets included: A supplement-free control diet (T1), a diet supplemented with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T2, at concentration of 1.85 ×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; CFU kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), a diet containing 0.4 mg/kg selenomethionine (T3, O Se), a diet that was O Se-enriched with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T4), a diet with 0.4 mg/kg sodium selenite (T5, I Se), and a diet that was I Se-enriched with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T6). The outcome of the feeding experiment indicates that the inclusion of Se or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; significantly improved weight gain, final body weight, protein efficiency ratio (PER), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake in fish compared to supplement-free diet, with the highest growth indices and the best FCR recorded in organic selenium-enriched diets. The intestinal histomorphometry including intestinal villous width, absorption surface area, and goblet cells was enhanced when tilapia receiving diet fortified with selenium. The best results were observed in the organic selenium-supplemented diet. Also, diet fortified with selenium exhibited significantly raised hematocrit, leucocyte, monocytes, and lymphocytes compared to supplement-free diet. The &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; enriched selenium forms and &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; significantly affected these indices, with the highest Hb in group fed &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt;. Moreover, a notable decline was detected in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as opposed to a diet without supplementation in response to the addition of Se forms or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (P &lt; 0.05). Also, &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; enriched-O Se significantly enhanced serum globulin, total protein, and albumin levels. While selenium supplementation considerable decreased lipid profiles in fish, particularly those fed a diet supplemented with organic selenium. Inorganic selenium supplementation led to the lowest glucose levels, while the highest was in supplement-free diet. Fish fed selenium forms or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; showed increased hepatic antioxidant activities, particularly in a diet enriched with organic selenium, while malondialdehyde ","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}