Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"The prebiotic effect of agavin inclusion levels in low fishmeal diets for Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles","authors":"José Pablo Fuentes-Quesada ,&nbsp;Benjamín Barón-Sevilla ,&nbsp;Yanet Guerrero-Rentería ,&nbsp;José A. Mata-Sotres ,&nbsp;María Teresa Viana ,&nbsp;Camilo Pohlenz ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Lazo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The prebiotic effects of dietary agavin on growth performance, feed efficiency and digestibility, digestive </span>enzyme activity, and distal intestine integrity in low fishmeal diets for </span><span><em>Totoaba macdonaldi</em></span><span> juveniles were evaluated in the present study. For this purpose, totoaba<span> juveniles with a mean initial weight of 29 ± 1 g were fed for 56 days with four experiential diets formulated to replace fishmeal (FM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) with soybean meal (SBM). The reference diet (RD) contained FM and PBM solely as the primary protein source. The following three diets contained SBM included at 240 g kg</span></span>⁻¹ with graded levels of agavin; 10, 20, and 30 g kg⁻¹<span>, in order to determine if a lower or higher quantity of the prebiotic in the diet would maximize growth parameters and fish intestinal integrity and reduce putative adverse effects of SBM in the diet. The inclusion of agavin in the diet, independently of the inclusion level, resulted in higher growth performance without significant differences in feed utilization and nutrient digestibility compared with the RD. Acid proteases (</span><em>i.e.</em><span>, pepsin-like), trypsin, and total alkaline proteases activities resulted in significant differences among treatments but were not correlated with growth improvements. In terms of the intestinal health, significant differences in the number of mucosal folds and brush border height were found among dietary treatments and the light microscopy<span> images and our semi-quantitative scoring revealed that agavin prevented the typical alterations in the distal intestine morphology associated with SBM induced enteritis in totoaba juveniles after 56 days of feeding. Thus, based on the results from the present study a 1 % agavin is recommended as the minimum dietary inclusion level in a low fishmeal diet (18 % FM) containing 24 % SBM to prevent typical symptoms of enteritis in totoaba juveniles under culture conditions.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary rheometry as a model methodology for obtaining insight in feed mash behaviour at conditions approximating pellet manufacturing","authors":"T.M.M. Bastiaansen,&nbsp;R.T. Benders,&nbsp;S. de Vries,&nbsp;W.H. Hendriks,&nbsp;M. Thomas,&nbsp;G. Bosch,&nbsp;J.A. Dijksman","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pellet manufacturing is a useful tool for improving the handling of livestock feed. Pellet manufacturing consists, among others, of a compaction step, which is strongly affected by feed formulation. The role of feed formulation is thought to result from the fact that feed mash physicochemical properties change depending on ingredient composition. This variation in physicochemical properties subsequently affects mash behaviour during compaction, leading to variation in both physical pellet quality and energy costs during pellet manufacturing. Methodologies that allow for the study of material behaviour at pellet manufacturing conditions are needed to investigate the effect of feed formulation on mash flow behaviour. Such methodologies, however, are currently not generally available in the field of feed manufacturing. In this short communication we aim to discuss the application of capillary rheometry as a potential method for studying feed behaviour in the die, at conditions comparable to those during pellet manufacturing. The similarity between the design of the capillary rheometer and the geometry of a ring-die compactor allows for the simulation of some of the conditions experienced by feed mash during compaction, using smaller quantities of sample materials. The observed relation between flux and pressure gradient, for feed mashes evaluated in this short communication, resembles a Herschel-Bulkley relation, indicating that the increase in pressure gradient depends non-linearly on flow rate. While individual pressure gradients provide insight in the relative energy costs of compaction, a modelling approach is recommended to simulate the behaviour of feed mash at conditions more closely approximating those during pellet manufacturing. In summary, capillary rheometry provides an option for studying feed mash behaviour at conditions approximating those in the pellet press during pellet manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44841304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin to dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation: Effects on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and performance","authors":"Caio S. Takiya ,&nbsp;Nathália T.S. Grigoletto ,&nbsp;Rodrigo G. Chesini ,&nbsp;Osmar Pietro Sbaralho ,&nbsp;Milena Bugoni ,&nbsp;Paulo Cesar Vittorazzi Jr. ,&nbsp;Alanne T. Nunes ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. da Silva ,&nbsp;Daniel José C. Vieira ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina de Freitas ,&nbsp;Gabriela Acetoze ,&nbsp;Francisco P. Rennó","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><em>Capsicum</em></span><span><span> oleoresin<span> (CAP), a plant extract derived from chili pepper<span><span> plants, contains bioactive compounds reported to influence the energy metabolism in dairy cows. This study investigated the effects of feeding rumen-protected CAP during the transition period and </span>early lactation on total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients, serum metabolites [glucose, urea-N, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)], and milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Twenty-four healthy </span></span></span>Holstein<span><span> cows (12 multiparous and 12 primiparous) were enrolled to this study at − 4 wk from the expected calving date. Animals were blocked according to parity and expected calving date. Cows within block were randomly assigned to a control (CON) treatment without feed additives or to the CAP treatment, dietary supply of rumen-protected CAP at 100 mg/d. Pre-partum and post-partum data were analyzed separately. </span>Dry matter intake and related dietary variables were not affected by treatments during the pre- or post-partum period. No differences were detected on digestibility of DM, organic matter, or crude protein during the pre-partum and post-partum periods. Serum metabolite concentrations were similar between treatment groups either during the pre-partum or post-partum periods. Milk yield tended to be greater (</span></span><em>P</em> = 0.07) in cows fed CAP than CON (31.7 and 28.5 kg/d, respectively). Fat-corrected milk yield was increased (<em>P</em><span> = 0.03) by feeding CAP. Milk fat yield (1.20 vs. 1.05 kg/d) and feed efficiency (1.72 vs. 1.50 kg milk/kg DM intake) were significantly greater (</span><em>P</em> ≤ 0.03) in cows fed CAP than CON. Feeding rumen-protected CAP at 100 mg/d during the transition period and early lactation increased fat-corrected milk yield, and improved milk fat and feed efficiency of dairy cows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 115758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of barley grain processing method (ground vs. steam flaked) and dietary protein content on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and inflammatory indicators of Holstein dairy calves","authors":"Nawar Sabah Sahib ,&nbsp;Farshid Fattahnia ,&nbsp;Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari ,&nbsp;Mansour Eghbali ,&nbsp;Hamed Khalilvandi-Behroozyar","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>We hypothesized that steam-flaking barley grain may improve ruminal fermentation rate and </span>rumen development as well as reduce cecal fermentation rate through reducing </span>starch escape to the lower parts of gastrointestinal trach (GIT) which can modulate inflammatory response of young calves. Therefore, the interaction effect of barley grain processing method (ground barley; GB </span><em>vs</em>. steam-flaked barley; SFB) and starter protein content (20% <em>vs</em><span>. 24%, DM basis) on growth performance, skeletal growth indices, ruminal fermentation, urinary<span><span><span> purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis, blood biochemical, and inflammatory indicators in </span>Holstein </span>dairy calves were evaluated. Fifty-two new-born Holstein female calves (3 day-old) were assigned to one of four treatments: 1) GB grain with 20% CP (GB-20CP); 2) GB grain with 24% CP (GB-24CP); 3) SFB grain with 20% CP (SFB-20CP); 4) SFB grain with 24% CP (SFB-24CP). Calves received 4 L/d whole milk from d 3–10, 7 L/d from d 11–45, 2 L/d from d 46–50 of the study followed by 1 L/d from d 51 and 52 of the study and had </span></span><em>ad-libitum</em><span> access to water and starters (d 1 to d 73). The greatest starter intake was observed in SFB-24CP diet during the pre-weaning period. Accordingly, calves fed this diet had higher weaning and final, body weight (BW), greater average daily gain (ADG) during the pre-weaning period and as well as higher weaning and final wither heights compared to other groups. Calves received starters contained SFB-24CP had higher ruminal concentration of short chain fatty acids (pre-weaning) and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB; pre-weaning; compared to other groups. The highest (428 pg/mL) and the lowest (359 pg/mL) concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed in calves fed GB-20CP and SFB-24CP diets, respectively. Same trend was detected for serum amyloid A during pre-weaning period. Calves fed starters containing GB had looser feces, higher ruminal NH</span>₃<span>- N concentration, and higher alanine<span> aminotransferase (post-weaning) compared to those received SFB diets. Dairy calves fed 24CP had slight improvement in growth performance, particularly before weaning, compared to those fed 20CP. Based on the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that feeding SFB grain may reduce starch flow to the lower sections of GIT and consequently reduce inflammatory responses of young claves compared to GB grain. Furthermore, concurrent feeding SFB and 24CP improved ruminal metabolism in calves which can be due to higher starch availability in the rumen. Further researches are needed to evaluate the effect of grains processing methods on ruminal and cecal microbial community.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of agroecology practices on rumen microbiota associated with methane emission in dairy cattle","authors":"Simon Roques ,&nbsp;Lisanne Koning ,&nbsp;Johan van Riel ,&nbsp;Alex Bossers ,&nbsp;Dirkjan Schokker ,&nbsp;Soumya Kanti Kar ,&nbsp;Léon Sebek","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Moving from intensive farming to agroecology to support farm sustainability means changing feeding practices. In practical terms, this means increasing the botanical diversity and delaying mowing of the grasslands to favor fauna diversity and associated ecosystem services. However, it is unknown whether these feeding practices alter rumen microbiota and its association with methane (CH₄) emission, a potent greenhouse gas. The objective of this study was to assess CH₄ emission and rumen microbiota of several dairy breeds fed agroecology diets. Three dairy cattle breeds (Holstein Friesian, Groninger Blaarkop and Jersey) (N = 10 for each breed) were fed three grass silage-based diets that included a proportion of a control silage, an experimental silage composed of late mown grass, and an experimental silage composed of diverse botanical species. Cows were fed for 13 weeks with gradual adjustment of the proportion of each silage. Rumen fluid was sampled during the weeks that corresponded to the highest proportion of each silage in the diet. Rumen microbiota was characterized through 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for its richness and diversity, as well as its compositions according to diet type and breed. Production performances and CH₄ emission were also measured. Methane production (g/d) was similar between the control and the agroecological diets. Cows fed the experimental diets had a different rumen microbiota composition than cows fed control diet. The cows fed the agroecological diets presented reduced relative abundances of <em>Rumminoccocaeae</em>, and higher relative abundances of <em>Chirstensenellaceae</em> and <em>Methanobrevibacter</em> than cows fed the control diet. Besides, the cows fed the agroecological diets presented a richer (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and more diverse (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) rumen microbiota. Overall, this study highlights how feeding practices that comply with agroecology principles, and applied under practical conditions, shaped the rumen microbiota of specialized and dual-purpose cattle breeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing feeding value of corn distiller’s grains with solubles via fungal co-cultured solid-state fermentation for monogastric animal nutrition","authors":"Xiao Sun ,&nbsp;Pedro E. Urriola ,&nbsp;Gerald Shurson ,&nbsp;Douglas Tiffany ,&nbsp;Bo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Corn distiller’s dried </span>grains<span> with solubles (cDDGS) as a major co-product from dry-grind corn-ethanol processes have imbalanced key amino acids (AA), high indigestible fiber and </span></span>phytate<span>, and risk of mycotoxin<span> contamination, which limit its inclusion rate in monogastric animal diets. This study used cellulolytic fungus </span></span></span><span><em>Trichoderma reesei</em></span><span> (TR), two zygomycete fungi </span><span><em>Mucor</em><em> indicus</em></span> (MI) and <em>Rizopus oryzae</em><span> (RO) and their co-cultures to ferment corn wet distiller’s grains with solubles (WDGS) with the supply of soybean hulls and urea </span><em>via</em><span><span> solid-state fermentation at 28 °C for up to 9 days. Compared to control (non-inoculation) and monoculture, TR and </span>RO<span> co-culture (TR+RO) after 6 and 9 days showed more balanced branch-chain AA (BCAA) of valine<span><span><span> (Val), leucine (Leu), and </span>isoleucine (Ile), higher phytate reduction (56–61%), lower concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON), </span>zearalenone<span> (ZEN) and total aflatoxins (AFT). However, the treatments with MI (MI, RO+MI, TR+MI) showed increase of DON while reduction of ZEN compared to treatment without MI. Due to fast growth of RO and MI, the co-culture of TR+MI and TR+RO after 3 days of fermentation improved total AA by 32 % and 28 %, respectively, higher than monoculture of TR (18 % after 3 days). Compared with co-culture, monoculture of TR produced feed with higher </span></span></span></span><em>in vitro</em> dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) with 22–43 % improvement from control, and higher <span><em>in vitro digestibility</em></span><span> of total AA (IVDAA) with 35–50 % improvement from control, the similar level was also achieved by co-culture of TR+RO after 6 days of fermentation. Therefore, co-culture of TR+RO and monoculture of TR in fungal bioprocessing could provide a feasible solution to improve the overall feeding value of the cDDGS.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of the insect waste as a source of dietary protein in replacing the fishmeal protein for the cage reared Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: An approach to search the alternate non-conventional feed resource of animal origin","authors":"Rahul Das ,&nbsp;Basanta Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Md. Abul Hassan ,&nbsp;Gopal Krishna ,&nbsp;Narinder Kumar Chadha ,&nbsp;Kiran Dube Rawat ,&nbsp;Karmabeer Jena","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115691","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A ninety days experiment was carried-out to evaluate the effect of dietary replacement of fishmeal (FM) (locally available dried non-defatted &lt;em&gt;Coilia dussumieri&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; V.) by graded inclusion levels of non-defatted non-mulberry Indian tropical tasar silkworm spent pupae (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Antheraea mylitta&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; D.) on growth performance, feed consumption, digestive enzyme response, body chemical composition, and intestinal cellular micro-morphological status of the reared striped catfish (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pangasianodon hypophthalmus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt; S.). Five iso-nitrogenous (280 g protein kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and iso-energic (19 MJ kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) extruded floating feeds were formulated by gradually replacing the FM with NDSWP (non-defatted silkworm pupae) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (on protein to protein basis) levels and the diets are designated as NDSWP0, NDSWP25, NDSWP50, NDSWP75, and NDSWP100, respectively. The contribution of calculated pupae crude protein was 0%, 4.75%, 9.50%, 14.25%, and 19% out of the total protein (28%) content in the respective diets. The experiment was executed in the floating net-cage located at the Maithon reservoir, India which is a field research station of ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India. The designated diets were randomly allocated to 10 numbers of experimental cages (each 5 ×5 ×3 m), in triplicates stocked with 2475 numbers (stocking density at 33 numbers per m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) of striped catfish in each replication and fed daily twice at 08.00 h and 16.00 h. The initial stocking size of the striped catfish fingerling was 16.56 ± 0.08 g. At the termination of the feeding experiment, the final body weight (g), individual weight gain (g), weight gained (%), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and &lt;/span&gt;protein efficiency ratio (PER) found to be non-significantly different (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.05) up to 50% protein replacement level (NDSWP50) in comparison to the control (NDSWP0). Among the biological indices, hepatosomatic index (HSI) exhibited a non-significant difference stretching to NDSWP50 treatment group with a distinct significant difference between NDSWP25 and NDSWP100 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.05), when, an inverse trend was recorded in relation to increasing pupae meal in the diets. Among the digestive enzymes, relatively higher protease enzyme activity was observed in the diet fed at NDSWP50 compared to the rest of the treatment groups, although, it was statistically non-significant (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &gt; 0.05). Amylase&lt;span&gt; and lipase enzyme activities recorded a significant difference among the treatment groups (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). A higher amount of fish muscle crude protein was noticed in the NDSWP50 treated group than in the rest of the treatment groups. The lipid content of fish muscle indicated its higher content over the initial and exhibited an inverse relationship with moisture and ash cont","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42798674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile acid improves growth, lipid utilization and antioxidative status of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with varying protein-lipid diets reared in inland saline water","authors":"Saiprasad Bhusare ,&nbsp;Parimal Sardar ,&nbsp;Narottam Prasad Sahu ,&nbsp;Nazeemashahul Shamna ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Mritunjoy Paul ,&nbsp;Prasanta Jana ,&nbsp;N. Raghuvaran ,&nbsp;U. Bhavatharaniya","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115677","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to find out the effect of bile acid supplemented diets with varying protein and lipid levels on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant status and physio-biochemical responses of genetically improved farmed &lt;/span&gt;tilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland saline water (ISW) of 10 ppt. Three hetero-nitrogenous (38–32% crude protein, CP), hetero-lipidic (8–14% lipid) and hetero-caloric (409–439 Kcal digestible energy/100 g) diets were supplemented with three levels (0%, 0.05% and 0.1%) of bile acid to prepare nine experimental diets viz. P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;38&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (38% CP, 8% lipid and 0% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;38&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.05&lt;/sub&gt; (38% CP, 8% lipid and 0.05% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;38&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt; (38% CP, 8% lipid and 0.1% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (35% CP, 11% lipid and 0% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.05&lt;/sub&gt; (35% CP, 11% lipid and 0.05% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt; (35% CP, 11% lipid and 0.1% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;32&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (32% CP, 14% lipid and 0% bile acid), P&lt;sub&gt;32&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.05&lt;/sub&gt; (32% CP, 14% lipid and 0.05% bile acid) and P&lt;sub&gt;32&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt;B&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; (32% CP, 14% lipid and 0.1% bile acid). Four hundred and five acclimated GIFT juveniles (2.51 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed in nine treatment groups in triplicate (stocking density 15 fish/tank, 300 L) following 3 × 3 factorial design. Results indicated that body lipid, feed conversation ratio (FCR), amylase&lt;span&gt; and lipase&lt;span&gt; activities, gill and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;catalase&lt;span&gt; (CAT) activities and serum glucose (GLU), total protein, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHO) were significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p &lt; 0.05&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;) increased and weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), protease activity and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO) were significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p &lt; 0.05&lt;/em&gt;) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels and more pronounced effect was found in fish fed 32% protein and 14% lipid. Dietary bile acid significantly (&lt;em&gt;p &lt; 0.05&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;) increased WG%, SGR, protein efficiency ratio, lipase activity and HDL-CHO and significantly (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p &lt; 0.05&lt;/em&gt;) decreased FCR, gill and liver SOD and CAT activities and serum GLU, TAG, T-CHO, and LDL-CHO with more pronounced effect by 0.05% dietary bile acid. In conclusion, feeding of 35% crude protein, 11% lipid and 0.05% bile acid can cause better growth performance, antioxidant status and physio-biochemical responses of GIFT juveniles reared in ISW of 10 ppt. This information will be useful in formulating the bile acid supplemented eco-friendly low protein high lipid (LPHL) feed for profitable culture of G","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal processing methods on structural, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of cool-season chickpeas in ruminant systems","authors":"Linda Cerma,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115698","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal processing methods: Dry Heat, Wet Heat (Autoclave) and Microwave Irradiation on newly developed cool-season adapted CDC chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy for ruminant. Three varieties of chickpeas, developed and provided by the Crop Development Center (CDC), were CDC Alma, CDC Cory, and CDC Frontier. All varieties were grown in three different locations in Saskatchewan: Elorse, Limerick, and Lucky Lake. For dry heat related processing, the samples were placed in the oven at 100 °C for 60 min. For wet heat related processing (Autoclave), the samples were placed in the autoclave at 120 °C for 60 min. For microwave irradiation, the samples were microwaved for 3 min (900 W). The results showed that soluble crude protein (SCP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) were highly decreased by autoclave treatment. Moderately degradable protein fraction (PB1) was greater in autoclave treatment. There was no significant difference in indigestible protein fractions (PC) among all &lt;/span&gt;heat processing&lt;span&gt; methods. Autoclave treatment was lower in rapidly degradable carbohydrate fractions (CA4) but greater in slowly degradable carbohydrate fraction (CB3). As to energy value parameters, there were different in total digestible nutrients (TDN) value among processing treatments with greater value in dry heat and microwave treatments. However, there was no difference in net energy for lactation (NE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;L3X&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;) among processing treatments. In rumen degradation kinetics, there were no differences in DM rumen degradation kinetics among processing treatments. However, the heat processing affected in situ potential degradable fraction (D) and undegraded fraction (U) of protein. Autoclaving treatment had greater in situ potential degradable fraction but lower undegraded fraction. The processing did not significantly affect rumen bypass protein (BCP) or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and effective degradation protein (EDCP). For protein intestinal digestion, heat treatments did not affect intestinal digestibility of rumen bypass protein (%dIDP) and intestinal digested crude protein (IDP). For DM intestinal digestion, heat treatments affected digestibility of rumen bypass DM (%dBDM) with greater values in dry heat (90.3%) and microwave (86.5%) and lower value in autoclaving (67.7%). However, total (IDBDM) and intestinal digested dry matter (TDDM) were not significantly affected by processing treatments. For hourly effective degradable ratios (ED_N to ED_DM), microwave showed a greater value. Total true protein supply (DVE value) was not significantly different among processing treatments with average of DVE value of 100 g/kg DM. All three processing methods (dry heating, wet heating, microwave irradiation) had positive degraded protein balance (OEB value) with average of 62 g/kg DM, indicating potential shortage of energy in rumen. Feed Milk Val","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-carbamylglutamate, a promising functional feed additive in swine production: A review","authors":"Y.X. Li,&nbsp;V.R. Moreira,&nbsp;L.S. Wang,&nbsp;Q.L. Liu,&nbsp;P.D. Gao,&nbsp;X.J. Zhang,&nbsp;X. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>N-carbamylglutamate is structurally similar to N-acetylglutamate, a necessary co-factor for carbamyl phosphate synthetase I, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the urea cycle. N-carbamylglutamate was first used to relieve acute hyperammonemia and to restore neurological development by replacing absent or deficient N-acetylglutamate caused by N-acetyl glutamate synthetase deficiency and activating the enzyme carbamyl phosphate synthetase I. Recent studies suggest that supplementation of exogenous N-carbamylglutamate to animals can decrease ammonia and enhance the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous arginine, thereby producing nitric oxide and polyamines. Arginine is a conditionally </span>essential amino acid<span>, especially during gestation, lactation, the early stage of life, severe stress, and injury. Dietary supplementation with arginine can enhance the reproductive performance of multiparous animals, improve intestinal health and development, and promote the growth of young animals. Arginine is useful, but not very practical due to its shorter half-life, higher degradation by </span></span>arginase<span>, higher cost, more susceptible to impair the absorption of dietary basic and/or structurally related amino acids<span> such as tryptophan<span>, histidine<span>, or lysine, and higher microbial degradation rate as compared to N-carbamylglutamate. As a precursor of arginine, N-carbamylglutamate is a more viable and cost-effective functional feed additive by increasing the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous arginine to improve </span></span></span></span></span>swine production<span>. This review article summarizes the multifunctional roles of N-carbamylglutamate as a feed additive in pig production and its underlying mechanism and provides reference for future N-carbamylglutamate related research.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 115719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45758685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}