Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Maternal and/or direct feeding of organic acid-preserved cereal grains improves performance and digestive health of pigs from birth to slaughter","authors":"Shane Maher ,&nbsp;Torres Sweeney ,&nbsp;Stafford Vigors ,&nbsp;John V. O’Doherty","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal and/or direct feeding of organic acid (OA)-preserved cereal grains compared to conventionally dried grains on pig growth performance to slaughter, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics. On day 100 of gestation, 80 sows were blocked by parity, body weight (BW), and back-fat thickness and assigned to one of two diets (dried or preserved grain) until weaning. From day 10 postpartum, their progeny were assigned to one of two diets (dried or preserved grain) resulting in four dietary treatments: (1) dried (sow)-dried (progeny), (2) dried-preserved, (3) preserved-dried, and (4) preserved-preserved (n = 20 litters per treatment). Pigs remained in these groups post-weaning (PW) and were monitored until slaughter at 142 days PW (n = 10 pens per treatment). Additionally, faecal samples from pigs in the dried-dried and preserved-preserved groups were collected for microbial analysis throughout production. Progeny from sows fed preserved grain had improved gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) between days 0–14 and 62–142 PW, with enhanced coefficients of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and gross energy (GE) on day 30 PW and CATTD of nitrogen (N) at slaughter compared to those from sows fed dried grain (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs directly fed preserved grain exhibited higher daily gain from weaning to slaughter, improved G:F from day 14 PW, and greater BW from day 30 PW compared to those directly fed dried grain (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed preserved grain showed increased CATTD of DM, OM, N, and GE on day 30 PW and at slaughter (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, these pigs had higher carcass weight, kill-out percentage, and muscle depth at slaughter (P &lt; 0.01). Pigs in the preserved-preserved group had higher microbial diversity at weaning and on day 30 PW, with beneficial taxa such as <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Propionibacterium,</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium</em> enriched at key production stages compared to those in the dried-dried group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal feeding of preserved grain improved progeny feed efficiency and CATTD of nutrients, while direct feeding enhanced pig growth performance, CATTD of nutrients, and carcass characteristics. Combined maternal and direct feeding of preserved grain also improved microbial health throughout production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing defense and production efficiency in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through prophylactic dietary selenium and vitamin E fortification","authors":"Said Jasim Shah ,&nbsp;Noor Khan ,&nbsp;Mahroze Fatima ,&nbsp;Sheeza Bano ,&nbsp;Ayesha Tanveer ,&nbsp;Sadia Nazir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asghar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mustafa ,&nbsp;Maryam Tahir ,&nbsp;Saba Aftab ,&nbsp;Alex Hing Leung Wan ,&nbsp;Simon John Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation determined the effects of dietary concentrations of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) alone or in combination on rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) fingerlings over a 90-day trial. The levels of selenium and vitamin E and their combinations were chosen on the basis of requirements for this species but also for supra-nutritional assessment reported in the literature for other species and salmonids. Diets for rainbow trout cultured intensively in Pakistan may be relatively deficient in selenium and vitamin E contents because of economic considerations and poorer quality feeds. Seven experimental diets were therefore formulated with the inclusion of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₂) and vitamin E alone and mixed at defined ratios, i.e., 3S (mg kg¹), 6S (mg kg¹), 160E (mg kg¹), 280E (mg kg¹), 1.5S/80E (mg kg¹) and 4.5S/90E (mg kg¹), and a diet without any supplementation was designated the control (Table 1), with 3 replicates per treatment group. At the end of the trial, a direct pathogen challenge study was conducted on rainbow trout exposed to <em>Aeromonas salmonicida</em> bacteria for 14 days. Compared with those fed the control or other diets, rainbow trout fed the 1.5S/80E and 4.5S/90E diets presented significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) greater final weights, net weight gains (NWGs), and specific growth rates (SGRs). The fish fed the 3S and 6S diets presented a nonsignificant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) increase in growth performance. Hematological parameters, i.e., red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), the mean corpuscular value (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit, and white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) elevated in the fish fed selenium and vitamin E alone or in combination compared with the control fish. The mortality rate was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) high in the control, while the lowest mortality rate was observed in the fish fed higher levels of selenium and vitamin E in combination with 1.5S/80E and 4.5S/90E. Compared with the control, 3S and 6S diets, supplementation with vitamin E alone or in combination with selenium (160E, 280E, 1.5S/80E, and 4.5S/90E) improved the phagocytic activity of white blood cells in rainbow trout against stress after bacterial pathogenic challenge. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E significantly enhances the growth performance, hematological profile, and phagocytic activity of white blood cells against infection and reduces mortality in rainbow trout fingerlings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sucralose supplementation on rumen bacterial community, kynuronine pathway and feeding behavior in small-tailed Han sheep","authors":"Xiyi Hu ,&nbsp;Nianlong Pang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhennan Wang ,&nbsp;Fukuan Li ,&nbsp;Junjian Yang ,&nbsp;Jingxin Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Mingfa Sun ,&nbsp;Shenjin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial sweeteners promote feeding behavior in animals. So far, the effect of artificial sweeteners on the structure and metabolites of rumen microbiota has rarely been studied, and the mechanism promoting feeding is unknown. Twelve ewes were divided into two groups: CK and sucralose 300 (SUC300) groups. The dosage of sucralose in the diet was 0 and 300 mg/kg dry matter, respectively. The results showed that sucralose increased feeding behavior in the SUC300 group. Besides, sucralose increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level, and had no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) contents in serum. Next, we compared the rumen flora and metabolites of the CK and SUC300 groups. The rumen bacterial community significantly changed in the SUC300 group, with the abundance of <em>Ralstonia</em>, <em>Dialister</em>, <em>Streptococcus,</em> and <em>Blautia</em> being relatively higher in the SUC300 than in the CK group. One hundred and thirteen different expressed metabolites were detected. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis illustrated that four key metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, were enriched in the SUC300 group. L-kynurenine abundance decreased in the SUC300 group, which was negatively correlated with <em>Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Blautia,</em> and <em>Dorea</em> and positively correlated with <em>Ruminococcaceae_Ruminococcus</em> and <em>Coprococcus</em>. This study demonstrated that the supplementation of sucralose may reshaped ruminal microorganisms and impacted metabolites by restraining tryptophan metabolism to the kynurenine pathway, promoting 5-HT levels in the blood pool in a way that feeding behavior was enhanced in small-tailed Han sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vegetable oils on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, lactation performance, and milk fatty acid composition in cattle: A meta-analysis","authors":"Yiran Xin,&nbsp;Honghong Sun,&nbsp;Siwen Liu,&nbsp;Bohua Lan,&nbsp;Gangkui Zhao,&nbsp;Siqi Yin,&nbsp;Linsen Zan,&nbsp;Chunping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116286","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vegetable oil, a widely used energy source, is frequently added to livestock and poultry feed to enhance energy density. However, its effects on cattle production have been inconsistent across various studies. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of vegetable oils on cattle traits using meta-analysis and sub-group analysis, quantify these effects through meta-regression, and develop dosage-response models linking cattle traits to vegetable oil supplementation. Data from 146 articles were included in this study following strict selection criteria. The results showed that vegetable oils reduced TDMI by 0.649 kg/d, OM intake by 0.748 kg DM/d, CP intake by 0.176 kg DM/d, NDF intake by 0.272 kg DM/d, DM digestibility by 1.091 %, NDF digestibility by 1.619 %, total VFAs by 3.864 mmol/L, the concentration of N-NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; by 0.734 mg/100 mL, acetate by 1.080 mol/100 mol, butyrate by 0.397 mol/100 mol, acetate/propionate by 0.277, milk protein concentration by 0.042 %, milk fat concentration by 0.365 %, fat yield by 88.961 g/d, and the concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, and C18:3 in milk. They also increased in EE intake by 0.303 kg DM/d, CP digestibility by 1.379 %, EE digestibility by 8.011 %, rumen pH by 0.039, propionate concentration by 1.248 mol/100 mol, milk yield by 0.413 kg/d, lactose yield by 24.329 g/d, and the concentrations of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:0. Sub-group analysis of cattle categories revealed that vegetable oil supplementing in lactating cattle diets resulted in increases in body weight by 9.384 kg, CP digestibility by 0.850 %, and ruminal pH by 0.036. However, vegetable oils supplementing in non-lactating cattle diets led to an increase in isovalerate concentration by 0.051 mol/100 mol and decreases in N-NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; concentration by 1.469 mg/100 mL and digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF by 2.292 %, 1.964 %, and 3.406 %, respectively. The regression analysis indicated the linear or quadratic response of cattle traits to the supplemental amount of vegetable oils. Total dry matter intake, OM intake, total VFAs, acetate, butyrate, milk protein, milk fat, and fat yield exhibited quadratic relationships with the dosage of some kinds of vegetable oils. Additionally, several traits had linear relationships with some vegetable oils. For instance, a 1 % increase of linseed oil resulted in a 0.120 kg/d decrease in CP intake; a 1 % increase of soybean oil led to a 0.133 kg/d decrease in NDF intake; a 1 % increase in safflower oil led to a 0.145 % decrease in milk fat; a 1 % increase of safflower oil resulted in a 61.050 g/d decrease in fat yield. In summary, supplemental vegetable oils can significantly alter intake and growth, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, lactation performance, and milk fatty acid composition in cattle. However, the magnitude of these effects depends on cattle categories, the type of vegetable oils, and the supplemental amo","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates high-fat diet-induced growth retardation and gut injury in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by modulating gut mucosal barrier and microbiota","authors":"Weijun Chen,&nbsp;Shiyang Gao,&nbsp;Ping Sun,&nbsp;Lei Han,&nbsp;Zhenyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation was to validate the alleviating effect of sodium butyrate on high-fat diet-induced gut injury and growth inhibition in largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). Five diets were designed: four high-fat diets (18 % crude lipid) supplemented with sodium butyrate at 0 % (HF), 0.05 % (HFS1), 0.1 % (HFS2), and 0.2 % (HFS3), as well as a control diet (C, 10 % crude lipid). Three tanks (30 fish each tank) were randomly allocated to each diet. Fish (4.0 g) were fed to apparent satiation for sixty days. Results indicated that HF dramatically reduced fish growth and induced oxidative stress, mucosal barrier dysfunction, gut inflammation, and gut dysbiosis compared to C. However, in comparison to HF, HFS1, HFS2, and HFS3 diets significantly promoted feed intake and weight gain rate, relieved oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant defense (e.g., total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) and reducing malondialdehyde content, enhanced mucosal barrier by upregulating the expression of occludin, mucin3a, zona occluding-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and lysozyme, and reduced inflammation by downregulating the expression levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, HFS1 and HFS3 dramatically reduced Tenericutes and <em>Mesomycoplasma</em> abundance, whereas HFS1 increased <em>Lactococcus</em> abundance when compared to HF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between fish growth and gut injury with mucosal barrier proteins and gut microbiota (e.g., Tenericutes, <em>Mesomycoplasam</em>, and <em>Lactococcus</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings suggested that sodium butyrate can help mitigate the detrimental effects of high-fat diets on fish growth and gut health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fermented and unfermented soybean meals on growth, body composition, and digestive enzymes in juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis)","authors":"Ricardo Pérez-Velasco ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Martínez‑Montaño ,&nbsp;Crisantema Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of the partial replacement of fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) or <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>-fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile white snook, <em>Centropomus viridis</em>. Five experimental diets were formulated, replacing 0 % (control diet), 25 %, or 40 % FM protein with SBM or FSBM. The control diet contained 328.15 g/kg FM and 243.59 g/kg SBM as primary and secondary protein sources, respectively. Each diet was administered for 80 days to quadruplicate groups of fish (<em>n</em> = 60 fish per diet) with an initial weight of 11.42 ± 0.83 g. SBM fermentation increased protein content and reduced trypsin-inhibitor activity. The addition of 370.14 g/kg SBM to aquafeed promoted growth in juvenile <em>C. viridis</em>, although with a significant intraperitoneal fat deposition. In contrast, the combination of 115.04 g/kg FSBM and 243.59 g/kg conventional SBM improved growth performance, the condition index, and protein retention, suggesting enhanced nutrient utilization. Juvenile <em>C. viridis</em> adapted to the antinutritional factors of SBM by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, mainly acid and alkaline proteases. In contrast, FSBM had a lower impact on digestive enzyme activity than conventional SBM, indicating efficient nutrient utilization without increasing digestive capacity. The study underscores the potential of <em>L. acidophilus</em>-fermented SBM as a viable alternative to fishmeal in aquafeed, with promising benefits for growth and protein retention in white snook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dehulling and toasting at different moisture contents of fava beans (Vicia faba) on chemical composition and in-situ ruminal protein degradation","authors":"Wenji Wang,&nbsp;Amin Aljundi,&nbsp;Nikolaj Peder Hansen,&nbsp;Martin Riis Weisbjerg,&nbsp;Peter Lund,&nbsp;Mogens Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dehulling and moist toasting at different dry matter (DM) contents on the feed value of fava beans using the <em>in situ</em> methodology. Fava beans with about 12 % of moisture content were moistened to achieve moisture contents of 12 %, 18 %, and 25 %. Firstly, the effect of toast-moist and dehulling was investigated in a 4 × 2 factorial design with factor 1 including: (1) untoasted at 12 % moisture, (2) toasted at 12 % moisture, (3) toasted at 18 % moisture, and (4) toasted at 25 % moisture. Factor 2 including: hulled or dehulled. Secondly, the effect of the sequence of toasting (at 12 % moisture) and dehulling was examined. Thirdly, the nutritive value of hulls was assessed. Moist toasting and dehulling both resulted in a higher CP content of fava beans. Moist toasting led to a lower ruminal degradability and higher intestinal and total-tract disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. Dehulling of fava beans resulted in a lower aNDFom content, higher ruminal degradability of DM, CP, and CP-free DM and higher intestinal disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. Toasting after dehulling resulted in a higher DM content but did not affect ruminal degradability of CP. Increasing the moisture content in the fava beans before toasting from 12 to 18 and 25 % moisture resulted in a lower effective ruminal degradability of DM, CP, and CP-free DM, but higher total-tract and intestinal disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. It was concluded that dehulling was effective to improve fava beans nutritive value by reducing aNDFom content and increasing the CP and starch content. Toasting fava beans in moist condition, eg. directly from harvest, give the most effective protection of CP and CP-free DM from ruminal degradation and increased intestinal and total-tract disappearance of CP and CP-free DM. Fava bean hulls had low nutritional value and was limited affected by moist toasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding rate for newly weaned tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in a recirculating aquaculture system","authors":"Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras ,&nbsp;Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes ,&nbsp;Debora Sayumi Doami Melo ,&nbsp;Jhonas Warlenson Palheta Nobre ,&nbsp;Helen Cristiane Araújo Souza ,&nbsp;Marcela Cardoso Sena ,&nbsp;Joane Natividade ,&nbsp;Igor Hamoy ,&nbsp;Glauber David Almeida Palheta ,&nbsp;Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo ,&nbsp;André Luiz Alves de Sá ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Takata ,&nbsp;Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the optimal feeding rate for fish is crucial to promote growth and feed efficiency, avoid wastage, and maintain water quality. Endogenous factors and the farming environment can influence the feeding rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of five different feeding rates on water quality, growth performance and gene expression in newly weaned tambaqui (<em>Colossoma macropomum</em>) juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Five feeding rates were tested in triplicate: 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass daily for 28 days. Dissolved oxygen levels were higher only in the fish tanks fed with 5 % of biomass. The greatest total length, length gain, length gain rate, weight, weight gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were observed in tambaqui juveniles fed with 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass, respectively. However, segmented regression analysis determined that the optimal theoretical total length and weight corresponded to feeding rates of 10.35 % and 11.87 % of biomass, respectively. Ghrelin and leptin were directly proportional to the increase in feeding rate, although there was no difference in the expression of <em>myod</em> and <em>myog</em> genes in tambaqui fed at different feeding rates. For optimal feed utilization and productivity, we conclude that feeding tambaqui juveniles at 11.87 % of biomass per day is most suitable for this species during the nursery phase in a recirculating aquaculture system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of encapsulation of digestive enzymes recovered from South Atlantic fish wastes for potential biotechnological applications","authors":"Ivana Soledad Friedman ,&nbsp;Analía Verónica Fernández-Gimenez ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alarcón-López ,&nbsp;Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish viscera represent an abundant and cost-effective source of digestive enzymes, particularly proteinases, which can be readily extracted and employed as bioactive components in various industrial processes to obtain value-added products. However, proteinases are sensitive to environmental factors. A successful method for maintaining their enzymatic activity is encapsulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of alkaline and acid proteinases derived from wastes of the commercial fish species <em>Merluccius hubbsi</em> and <em>Percophis brasiliensis</em> from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and to determine the stability of their enzymatic activity under different storage conditions (room temperature and 4ºC). In addition, the effectiveness of the encapsulated proteinases using an <em>in vitro</em> digestion simulation assay was assessed. The results indicated that <em>P. brasiliensis</em> proteinases immobilized in fresh microcapsules and stored at 4°C remained stable for 60 days. Alkaline proteinases stored in freeze-dried microcapsules from both species, and fresh microcapsules from <em>P. brasiliensis</em>, retained their activity at both storage temperatures for 60 days. Aspartic proteinases from both species, encapsulated in freeze-dried capsules and stored at 4°C, maintained catalytic activity. <em>In vitro</em> enzymatic hydrolysis assays confirmed that casein is hydrolyzed after 60 min by both the encapsulated and free enzymes. In turn, the amount of free amino acids released from casein leveled off after 180 min of <em>in vitro</em> assay. These results evidenced that encapsulation using a combination of alginate and chitosan is a promising tool for different biotechnological applications of these fish enzymes such as elaboration of commercial detergent additives and aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can feedlot cattle increase productivity and decrease methane emissions by lowering the straw particle size?","authors":"Amira Arbaoui ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Gonzalo ,&nbsp;Alejandro Belanche ,&nbsp;Antonio de Vega","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of using ground and pelleted straw, instead of straw in the long form, on feed utilization by and methane production from feedlot cattle. Eighteen Montbéliarde cross bred male beef calves (358 ± 3,8 kg and 251 ± 0,5 days) were assigned to two treatments (9 animals per treatment) in a Randomized Complete Block Design: large straw (LS), and ground (6 mm sieve) and pelleted (8 mm granule diameter) straw (PS), both offered <em>ad libitum</em>. All animals were fitted in the dorsal sac of the rumen with a 15 mm internal diameter permanent cannula, and consumed the same concentrate <em>ad libitum</em>. Average daily gain, and intake of straw and concentrate, were recorded through a sixteen-week period. Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as marker, and rumen liquid and gas samples were obtained at different times of the day in two occasions during the experimental period to characterize rumen fermentation. Abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa and anaerobic fungi was also analysed. All animals were slaughtered at a target LW of 500 kg, and dressing percentage and carcass classification were obtained from the slaughterhouse. All data were analysed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The results showed that the particle size of straw had not a significant effect (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) on final live weight (LW), average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage, intake of straw, concentrate, dry matter or digestible organic matter, digestibility values, production of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), and abundance of microorganisms in the rumen. However, animals fed pelleted straw had lower rumen pH (5.97 vs 6.43, P = 0,0423), and tended to have lower rumen protozoal concentration (P = 0.0826), suggesting a higher risk of experiencing rumen acidosis than those fed long straw. In conclusion, reducing the particle size of straw does not seem a suitable strategy to reduce methane production or prevent rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}