Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Association between the nutritional and fermentation profiles with protein-related molecular structure using fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of snowbird faba bean seeds. Effects of steam pressure toasting duration","authors":"María E. Rodríguez Espinosa,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat processing alters the physicochemical structure of feed and food, modifying the degradation and the total nutrient supply. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of molecular structure modifications related to steam pressure toasting (SPT) time (0–120 min) in Faba bean seeds (FBS, <em>Vicia faba</em> cv. Snowbird). Whole FBS (n = 3 years) were autoclaved at 121°C and analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region. The amide to total carbohydrates (TC) area ratio decreased quadratically from 0.77 to 0.67 absorbance units (AU; P &lt; 0.01), as well as the structural carbohydrates (STC) to TC area ratio (P &lt; 0.01). Conversely, the cellulosic compounds (CEC) to STC area ratio increased quadratically from raw to 120 min of SPT (P = 0.01). The peak absorbance for amide I, II, β-sheet, and α-helix decreased quadratically with increasing SPT time (P &lt; 0.01). Based on the multivariate analysis, T30, T60, and T90 did not share similar molecular spectra in the amide I area at ca. 1715–1584 cm⁻¹ (PC-1 =92 %). The rumen undegraded crude protein (BCP_DVE, g/kg DM) had an inverse relationship with α-helix (r = -0.66; P = 0.01), β-sheet (r = -0.56; P = 0.03), and amide and amide I areas (r = -0.61; P = 0.02). Similarly, the intestinal digestible crude protein (IADP, g/kg CP), the total metabolizable protein (g/kg DM), and the feed milk value (FMV, kg milk/kg DM feed) presented a negative correlation with all the protein-related molecular profiles (P &lt; 0.05). The analysis of FTIR data allowed us to detect differences between the experimental treatments. The AU in areas and heights of amide I and II, α-helix and β-sheet heights, and the area ratio of amide to TC were lower with increasing SPT time. Moreover, a positive correlation between the EDCP and all the spectral profiles was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of microalgae meal for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on growth performance, flesh quality, and immunity","authors":"Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Liao,&nbsp;Peng Shi,&nbsp;Jiandong Guo,&nbsp;Fengjun Xie,&nbsp;Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have emerged as a promising supplement or feed additive and ensure sustainability standards in aquaculture. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary marine microalgae, <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> and <em>Tetraselmis</em> sp., supplementation on growth performance, feed intake, tissue morphology, biochemical characteristics of some tissues and expression of immune related genes in hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei. L</em>. <em>vannamei</em> (about 0.8 g) was fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets including six dietary marine microalgae (<em>P. tricornutum: Tetraselmis</em> sp. = 1: 1) content 0 (CON), 1.5 % (MA-1.5 %), 3 % (MA-3 %), 4.5 % (MA-4.5 %), 6 % (MA-6 %) and 7.5 % (MA-7.5 %) for 9 weeks. Subsequently, the shrimp was challenged with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> injection. Microalgae supplementation could increase the survival rate of from 78.33 % to 100 % and decrease the feed conversion ratio from 1.66 to 1.37. Additionally, microalgae significantly decreased the crude lipid and increased the content of n-3 PUFA in the muscle (P &gt; 0.05). The intestinal villi in MA-4.5 % had the greatest height and maintained the most intact shape. Following 8 h of V. parahaemolyticus stress, the mortality rate of shrimp in MA-3 % group was 1/6 that in CON group. Furthermore, the MDA content in hepatopancreas was significantly lower in the MA-3 % group compared to the CON group (P &gt; 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of antibacteria-related genes (alf1, alf2, crus, lyz, pen3a and pen4), proPO system-related genes (sp, pexn, propo1 and propo2), and antioxidant gene cat in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from the MA-3 % group (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate that the microalgal mixture is an effective dietary additive for L. vannamei, promoting improved growth performance, enhanced flesh quality, and stronger immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different rumen biohydrogenation extents in lambs: Assessing fatty acid composition, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility","authors":"Zhiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Yarong Meng ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Zhian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Weng ,&nbsp;Xinji Wang ,&nbsp;Xiumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Duohu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rumen microbial biohydrogenation is a crucial process in the ruminant digestive system. Variability in fatty acid composition of <em>longissimus lumborum</em>, rumen fermentation, and bacterial communities was examined between lambs categorized into low (LB) and high (HB) rumen biohydrogenation extent groups. Lambs in HB group demonstrated enhanced apparent digestibility of feed nutrients compared to LB lambs (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the HB lambs displayed higher rumen tissue weight, and rumen/carcass ratio. Higher concentrations of ammonia and total VFA, but lower acetate/<em>n</em>-butyrate ratio in rumen of HB lambs than in the rumen of LB lambs were observed (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Distinct rumen bacterial communities were observed between the HB and LB lambs, with the former exhibiting higher abundance of WCHB1–41_ge but lower abundance of <em>Fibrobacter</em> (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). No gene directly involved in biohydrogenation was detected according to the PICURSt functional prediction. Moreover, HB lambs displayed elevated relative abundance of C18:0 in their muscles (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, individual biohydrogenation extent in rumen is connected with rumen fermentation, fiber degradation, and meat FA profile. Rumen fermentation parameters and amplicon results confirmed a shift in fermentation mode from acetate to <em>n</em>-butyrate, potentially facilitated by fiber-degrading bacterium WCHB1–41_ge. The findings suggest that enhancing biohydrogenation extent could improve feed nutrient utilization and rumen function, potentially leading to better growth performance and carcass characteristics in lambs. The observed differences in rumen fermentation patterns and bacterial communities inform dietary strategies aimed at optimizing meat fatty acid profiles, which are important for both meat industry stakeholders and consumers seeking healthier meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary citrus pulp on performance and dry matter digestibility in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","authors":"E.E. Corea-Guillen ,&nbsp;M. Benaouda ,&nbsp;A.H. Ramirez-Perez ,&nbsp;A.C. Lizarazo ,&nbsp;J.M. Castro-Montoya ,&nbsp;R. Vieyra-Alberto ,&nbsp;J.C. Angeles-Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citrus by-products have been used as low-cost nutritional ingredient in ruminant diets to support growth and lactation. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of citrus pulp on dairy cow performance through a meta-analysis approach. A systematic search was based on the PICO question (Participant-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes): Compared to the control group, what is the effect of citrus pulp feeding on dairy cow performance? The bibliographic search was conducted by four experts using the scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and PRIMO-ExLibris. The outcome variables considered were dry matter intake (DMI), DM apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), milk yield (MY), fat, protein, lactose content and yield, and ruminal propionic, butyric and acetic acids proportion. The effect size was measured through the raw and standardized mean difference (RMD and SMD respectively). The meta-analysis was conducted using the \"Meta\" package in R. The covariables included in the meta-regression were: genetic group, inclusion level of citrus pulp in the diet, dietary content and difference of CP, NDF and starch between citrus pulp and control diets, and milk production level. Dietary inclusion of citrus pulp in dairy cow rations had negative effect on DMI (-0.62 kg/d; P = 0.001), MY (-0.71 kg; P &lt; 0.01), and protein (-0.08 g/100 g; P &lt; 0.01) and lactose (-0.09 g/100 g; P &lt; 0.01) concentrations with greater impact in high-producing cows, whereas DM ATTD was not affected by citrus pulp dietary inclusion. The volatile fatty acid proportion (mol/100 mol tVFA) increased for acetic (+0.64; P &lt; 0.01) and butyric acids (+1.09; P &lt; 0.01) but decreased for propionic acid (-1.18; P = 0.0001) in response to citrus pulp inclusion. Regarding meta-regression, inclusion level of citrus pulp was negatively associated with MY and DMI. The inclusion of citrus pulp in the diet of dairy cows has adverse effects on MY and some milk constituents such as lactose and protein, which are probably mediated by a decrease in DMI, dietary starch content and changes in the ruminal proportions of propionic and butyric VFAs. Finally, the decrease in DMI and milk yield is more marked in high yielding cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of selenium-enriched Bacillus pumilus on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, innate immune response, and oxidative activity Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed fishmeal-free diets","authors":"Eman Y. Mohammady ,&nbsp;Shrouq S. Khafagy ,&nbsp;Ehab E. Shawer ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Soaudy ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Hassaan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116202","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study is the first step towards optimizing Nile tilapia (&lt;em&gt;Oreochromis niloticus&lt;/em&gt;) performance through a fishmeal-free diet with selenium forms (Se) and Se-enriched &lt;em&gt;Bacillus pumilus&lt;/em&gt;. Consequently, the present interest is to study their effect on immune response and growth performance that are directly affected by hemato-biochemical indices along with analyses of intestinal histomorphology and other hepatic antioxidant enzymes in Nile tilapia. The study utilized a 2 × 3 factorial feeding design involving 450 tilapia fingerlings, each with an average body weight of 3.23 ± 0.09 g. The fish were distributed into 18 cylindrical plastic tanks, each with a volume of 0.5 m³ , containing 25 fish per tank. Six experimental diets were formulated, all of which were isonitrogenous (30 % crude protein) and isoenergetic. The diets included: A supplement-free control diet (T1), a diet supplemented with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T2, at concentration of 1.85 ×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; CFU kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), a diet containing 0.4 mg/kg selenomethionine (T3, O Se), a diet that was O Se-enriched with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T4), a diet with 0.4 mg/kg sodium selenite (T5, I Se), and a diet that was I Se-enriched with &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (T6). The outcome of the feeding experiment indicates that the inclusion of Se or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; significantly improved weight gain, final body weight, protein efficiency ratio (PER), average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake in fish compared to supplement-free diet, with the highest growth indices and the best FCR recorded in organic selenium-enriched diets. The intestinal histomorphometry including intestinal villous width, absorption surface area, and goblet cells was enhanced when tilapia receiving diet fortified with selenium. The best results were observed in the organic selenium-supplemented diet. Also, diet fortified with selenium exhibited significantly raised hematocrit, leucocyte, monocytes, and lymphocytes compared to supplement-free diet. The &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; enriched selenium forms and &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; significantly affected these indices, with the highest Hb in group fed &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt;. Moreover, a notable decline was detected in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as opposed to a diet without supplementation in response to the addition of Se forms or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; (P &lt; 0.05). Also, &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; enriched-O Se significantly enhanced serum globulin, total protein, and albumin levels. While selenium supplementation considerable decreased lipid profiles in fish, particularly those fed a diet supplemented with organic selenium. Inorganic selenium supplementation led to the lowest glucose levels, while the highest was in supplement-free diet. Fish fed selenium forms or &lt;em&gt;B. pumilus&lt;/em&gt; showed increased hepatic antioxidant activities, particularly in a diet enriched with organic selenium, while malondialdehyde ","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of two blue mussel fractions for their ability to alleviate anaemia and improve the performance in common sole (Solea solea L.)","authors":"J. Kals ,&nbsp;W. Muizelaar ,&nbsp;A.M.J. Kootstra ,&nbsp;E.W.J. Gerrits ,&nbsp;C.W. Tao ,&nbsp;H.M. de Vogel-van den Bosch ,&nbsp;P. Geerdink ,&nbsp;Y. Telleman","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main goal of this study was to test whether dietary supplementation of fractions from blue mussels shows a similar ability to alleviate anaemia and improve the performance of common sole like ragworm and blanched mussels. In addition, this study aimed to link the antioxidant activity of the fractions towards their ability to alleviate anaemia in common sole and evaluate the effect of processing on contaminants in the developed fractions. The experimental set-up contained six diets in triplicate: fresh ragworm (RW), the positive control, blanched mussel (BM) as the control for the fractions, a formulated diet with either 15 % of fraction A (DA), B (DB) or a combination of both (DAB) and a commercial pellet (CPL), the negative control. All diets, except BM, were well eaten, and fish growth exceeded expectations. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels rose with 24 %, 35 %, 44 %, 59 % and 156 % compared to levels at the start of the experiment for fish fed BM, DA, DAB, DB and RW respectively, while Hb for fish fed CPL remained similar. Growth was highest for fish fed RW (2.23 ± 0.08 % BW/d), lowest for fish fed BM (1.09 ± 0.14 % BW/d), and similar for all pelleted diets (1.75 ± 0.10–1.82 ± 0.04 % BW/d). Diets RW, BM and DB alleviated anaemia in common sole. From the formulated diets, DB showed the highest potential in increasing Hb levels compared to BM and the diets DAB or DA, suggesting the compound(s) responsible for alleviating anaemia are concentrated in fraction B. In addition, the production processes for making the fractions and pelleting did not noticeably affect their ability to alleviated anaemia, indicating that these diets are a reliable and effective of promoting Hb levels in common sole. The antioxidant activity of the diets was not related to their ability to alleviate anaemia in common sole. Except for total dioxins and dl-PCBs, all contaminants were not exceeding corresponding EU maximum levels for feed materials. The high plasma vitamin B₁₂ levels found in common sole compared to other fish species suggest a specific metabolic or physiological role of vitamin B₁₂ in common sole. These findings can have significant implications for the culture of common sole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobased functional feed additives in Asian aquaculture: Trends, impacts, and future directions","authors":"Koushik Chakroborty ,&nbsp;Rabina Akther Lima ,&nbsp;Md. Foysul Hossain ,&nbsp;S.M. Rafiquzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asian countries, as the leading producers of aquaculture, focused on intervention in feed and underscored the strategic utilization of additives. Thus, due to the growing importance of functional feed additives, there has been a need for a comprehensive review focusing on biobased fish feed additives in Asia. This review presents pertinent information on latest trends and impacts of biobased functional feed additives in Asian aquaculture, through a meticulous search strategy utilizing online databases. The additives include probiotics, microalgae, seaweed, medicinal herbs, and yeast. The bibliometric study reveals that in the majority of observations (78 % to 86 %), additives exhibited growth effects, with microalgae demonstrating the most pronounced decline (15 %) in growth. Medicinal plants had the most significant positive effect (93 %) on immunity, while seaweed, probiotics, and microalgae showed no negative effects on immunity. Seaweed, in particular, exhibited enhanced feed utilization in 93 % of cases. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two distinct clusters of feed additives based on their cumulative effects on growth, immunity, and feed utilization, indicating their efficacy. Seaweed was identified as highly effective across all parameters. Recent research focuses on broadening the scope and methods of administration of additives and studying their impacts on valuable and nutritious species like shellfish. Key findings reveal that China and India are the top countries in biobased functional feed additive research. Future research should include effective application techniques and quantities for probiotics and medicinal plants. It should also examine the precise modes of action, study specific immunity to improve disease management, and explore indigenous sources. Finally, maximizing the benefits of underutilized additives such as yeast and seaweed is crucial. This updated knowledge highlights the significance of biobased feed additives to ensure productivity and sustainability in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 116222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143231063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of yeast culture supplementation on rumen microbiota, regulation pathways, and milk production in dairy cows of different parities","authors":"Dezhi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Heping Cheng ,&nbsp;Wen Yin ,&nbsp;Yanhao An ,&nbsp;Mengji Li ,&nbsp;Xue Chen ,&nbsp;Yanfen Ma ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuguo Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study elucidated the alterations and distinctions in the regulatory pathways of the rumen microbiota, metabolome, and oxidative stress–immune homeostasis in primiparous and multiparous cows after administering yeast cultures (YCs) during the late periparturient period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these changes on productive performance and health status during lactation. A total of 60 Holstein cows with similar body condition score (3.5 ± 0.25) were selected and divided into four groups based on parity— including 30 primiparous cows (parity 1.0 ± 0.00) and 30 multiparous cows (parity 2.6 ± 0.14)—and postpartum serum reactive oxygen species levels (100–200 ng/mL) using the following pairing principle: primiparous control (C1), multiparous control (C2), primiparous experimental (T1), and multiparous experimental (T2). The control groups received a basal diet, whereas the experimental groups received the same basal diet supplemented with YC (150 g/head/d) at the same feeding time. Cows in the experimental groups exhibited significantly higher dry matter intake during early lactation (22.26 ± 0.12 kg/d) than those in the control groups (21.66 ± 0.22 kg/d) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). YC supplementation significantly increased milk production in postpartum cows (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the experimental group showed notably improved antioxidant capacity and immunity compared to those in the control group, with primiparous cows (T1) outperforming multiparous cows (T2). YC supplementation notably increased the rumen abundance of beneficial microbes, including <em>Ruminococcus</em> and <em>Acetobacter,</em> in the T1 group. Although the T2 group also showed an increase in <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, <em>Ruminococcus</em>, and <em>Acetobacter</em>, it exhibited a lower abundance of <em>Butyrivibrio</em> than the C2 group. YC supplementation significantly reduced the rumen abundance of <em>Moraxella</em>. Lastly, metabolomic analysis revealed that YC supplementation significantly upregulated specific metabolites such as spermine, spiraeoside, and betaine in the rumen of primiparous dairy cows, enhancing their antioxidant capacity and immunity. Additionally, metabolites such as DL-threonine, 1-methylhistamine, and phenylephrine were upregulated in multiparous cows, influencing branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism and promoting energy balance and metabolism. In conclusion, YC enhances production in dairy cows by promoting specific microbial pathways and optimizing nutritional metabolism, with distinct effects observed between primiparous and multiparous cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 116244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143218557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feed additives in the diet of male dairy beef calves on physiological status and rumen microbial fermentation pre- and postweaning","authors":"E. Romera-Recio ,&nbsp;E. Ramos-Morales ,&nbsp;A. Belanche ,&nbsp;M. Hassan ,&nbsp;P. Romero ,&nbsp;A. Gómez ,&nbsp;I. Rivelli ,&nbsp;N. Llanes ,&nbsp;J. Torra ,&nbsp;D.R. Yáñez-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Spain, a large number of unweaned calves from northern Europe's dairy industry are transported for intensive beef production, which could pose health risks around weaning due to the separation from their mothers. This study evaluated the impact of including different feed additives in starter concentrate on blood parameters and rumen functional development in 112 calves at the growing farm. We hypothesized that feed additives could enhance rumen function and mitigate health risks associated with transportation and intensive management. The treatments tested, against a control diet (<strong>CTL</strong>), included: blend of essential oils from plant extracts (<strong>EO</strong>), yeast-based products (<strong>SYN</strong>) and a mix of yeast probiotics, oregano-based essential oil and sodium butyrate (<strong>MIX</strong>). Each treatment was administered during the preweaning stage, with all calves transitioning to the MIX diet postweaning. In the experiment, blood and rumen samples were collected before weaning (8 weeks old) and two months after weaning (18 weeks old) for rumen fermentation and microbial population analyses. Calves were weighed upon arrival (3 weeks), at weaning (10 weeks) and two months postweaning (18 weeks) to assess performance. Results from the experiment showed that rumen fermentation profiles remained stable with regard to volatile fatty acids (<strong>VFA</strong>) concentrations and pH, indicating effective solid feed consumption and microbial activity before weaning. Postweaning, all feed additives treatments improved rumen fermentation by increasing total VFA and lowering pH, though body weight gains remained unaffected. Concentrations of bacteria and archaea increased compared to preweaning levels, protozoa were absent, and anaerobic fungi did not become established until 2 months postweaning. In conclusion, feed additives provided preweaning improved rumen development, although they did not increase productivity. The treatment should be applied preweaning, highlighting the importance of this particular window of time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 116243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143218137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the interactions between dietary fibers and macronutrient digestibility in broiler chickens: The importance of considering fiber solubility","authors":"Gonzalo Vivares ,&nbsp;Marta Pérez de Nanclares ,&nbsp;Alberto Conde-Aguilera ,&nbsp;Sonja de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary fibers (DF) have been conventionally considered to limit nutrient utilization in broiler diets. However, the increasing attention towards the use of high-fiber by-products as feed ingredients to reduce costs and environmental impacts requires a better understanding of the role of fibers in the digestion of broiler chickens. Dietary fibers entail a highly heterogeneous group of polymers that differently affect nutrient digestibility. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze the data from published literature related to the inclusion of fibers into standard broiler diets and subsequent effects on digestion. A literature search was performed to find experimental studies that tested the effects of adding high-fiber ingredients on ileal and total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), fat, and starch. A total of 45 studies and 198 experimental treatments were considered for the statistical analyses. For each diet, total DF (TDF), insoluble DF (IDF), and soluble DF (SDF) were calculated based on tabular data of each ingredient. The analysis unit was the effect size of digestibility expressed as the difference between control and treatment diets (% unit). For every digestibility variable, two multiple curvilinear regression models were fitted. Model 1 included the addition of TDF in the experimental diet in relation to the basal diet as a covariate, whereas model 2 included the addition of IDF and SDF as separate covariates. Model 2 better explained the variability in digestibility effect sizes for all nutrients, indicating that the consideration of DF solubility is required to better understand the effects of DF on nutrient digestibility. The inclusion of IDF showed improvements of up to 10 % units in the digestibility of DM, CP, fat, and starch at additional inclusion levels of up to 50 g/kg DM, beyond which the effects became negative. In contrast, the inclusion of SDF showed negative consequences for nutrient digestibility already beyond 20 g/kg DM. In conclusion, DF can affect digestibility of other nutrients in a positive or negative way, depending on DF characteristics and inclusion level. Solubility of DF was found to explain a large part of the variability in digestibility effects and therefore, we recommend to consider DF solubility in feed formulation. Furthermore, the additional inclusion of up to 50 g/kg DM of IDF to a standard cereal-soybean-based diet can be advised for improving the nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens, whereas the inclusion of SDF should be minimized and not exceed approximately 20 g/kg DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 116241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143218589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}