Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of heat stimulus temperature and ensiling temperature on growth and performance of silage inoculants","authors":"M.O. Chibuogwu ,&nbsp;K. Panke-Buisse ,&nbsp;V.C. Gritti ,&nbsp;L.G. Nussio","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this research was to observe patterns of fermentation between silages inoculated with lactic acid bacteria exposed to high, or low, levels of heat stimulus and corresponding ensiling temperatures. Commercial inoculants in liquid media were exposed to heat stimulus for 24 h at 30°C (low heat stimulus: LHS) and 40°C (high heat stimulus: HHS) to test growth. All inoculants showed significant inhibition of growth in liquid culture at 40˚C compared to 30˚C. Heat-challenged inoculants were then applied to mini silos of chopped, whole-plant corn incubated at 30°C and 45°C. Mini silos containing Inoculant 11 (<em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> 12455 and <em>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</em> (formerly designated <em>Lactobacillus buchneri</em>) 40788 had the lowest pH when ensiled at 45ºC regardless of prior heat stimulus level but was significantly lower in the HHS group. Despite their poor performance in liquid culture prior to ensiling, inoculants 6, 7, 10 and 11 all showed significant improvement in silage pH after high-heat stimulus. In conclusion, prior exposure to heat stimulus produced varied effects on the performance of silage inoculants in liquid culture and during ensiling. Exposure to HHS resulted in lower silage pH values and varied fermentation profiles for some inoculants when compared to LHS or uninoculated controls. The results of the current study provide initial evidence that heat acclimatization of silage inoculants warrants further investigation for industrial and scientific agricultural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial dietary fish meal replacement with soybean meal supplemented with papain alters growth, hematological, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant activities and immune response of Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax","authors":"Eman Y. Mohammady ,&nbsp;Janet Genz ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Hassaan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined how varying the proportions of fishmeal (FM) to soybean meal (SBM) with or without the inclusion of an external enzyme called papain, impacted the digestive enzyme performance, digestibility, growth, immune function, blood parameters, and antioxidant responses in sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus labrax</em>). Six isonitrogenous (448.17 g kg⁻¹ crude protein) and isocaloric (18.79 MJ kg⁻¹ energy) experimental diets were formulated. The diets were divided into three groups as follows: The first is FSB1 which contains (FM: SBM = 1:1), the second is FSB2 (FM: SBM = 3:1), and the last FSB3 which contains (FM: SBM = 3:2) based on protein content. Every group was complemented with papain enzyme at 0 and 0.5 g kg ⁻¹ diet. Sea bass weighing 3.68 ± 0.02 g was distributed into 18 circular tanks (200 L) for a duration of 84 days, with three tanks per treatment (20 fish per treatment). After the trial, the group that consumed FSM2 with 0.5 g of papain kg⁻¹ recorded the highest specific growth rate, weight gain, final body weight, and the most efficient feed conversion ratio. Fish that were given diets supplemented with exogenous papain exhibited higher digestibility coefficients for crude protein, lipids, dry matter, and digestible energy compared to those fed diets without papain. However, groups that were fed different levels of FSM and papain showed better digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase), with the best results seen in the group that received the FSM2 diet along with papain. Fish that didn’t receive papain with FSM3 had poorer blood health indicators such as lower red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and hematocrit. However, adding papain to diets, especially with FSM1 and FSM2 improved globulin, total protein, and albumin levels in the blood. Sea bass fed diets containing FSM2 with papain increased immune markers (C3, C4, IgG, and IgM), enhanced antioxidant activity, and lower MDA levels (a marker of oxidative stress) in the liver and muscles. Overall, papain improved digestive enzyme activity, immune function, growth, blood parameters, digestibility, and liver antioxidant enzymes in Sea bass nourished with diets containing diverse proportions of fishmeal and soybean meal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with trub, a brewing byproduct, enhanced growth performance, increased fillet protein content, improved immunological response, and lowered intestinal pH","authors":"Bianca Cardoso Gasparini Gandolpho ,&nbsp;Marco Shizuo Owatari ,&nbsp;Gabriel de Morais Gandolpho ,&nbsp;Scheila Anelise Pereira Dutra ,&nbsp;Lúvia Souza de Sá ,&nbsp;Bruno da Silva Pierri ,&nbsp;Matheus Berlofa Ferreira ,&nbsp;Tamiris Henrique Ferreira ,&nbsp;Lucas Cardoso ,&nbsp;Hugo Mendes de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Débora Machado Fracalossi ,&nbsp;José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño ,&nbsp;Pedro Luiz Manique Barreto","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to assess the impact of trub as a feed additive for juvenile Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). To this end, an experimental dose<img>response growth assay was conducted with varying dietary levels of 0 %, 1 %, and 2 % trub, each treatment having six repetitions, over a 50-day period. The experimental diets were well-received by the tilapia. Inclusion of 2 % trub in the diet led to improved zootechnical performance (final weight 62.77 ± 9.24, final biomass 1129.86 ± 62.41, weight gain 53.61 ± 8.69, daily weight gain 1.09 ± 0.18) increased protein (15.60 ± 0.29) and phosphorus (2.17 ± 0.22) concentrations, and decreased lipid (8.21 ± 0.76) content in the carcass. Diets with 1 % and 2 % trub enhanced the immunological response, red blood cell count, haemoglobin levels, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and lowered blood glucose levels. The highest level of trub inclusion reduced the intestinal pH, but no significant difference was observed in the intestinal microbiological analyses. The results suggest that trub supplementation positively impacted zootechnical indices, haemato-immunological parameters, and fish carcass proximate composition, supporting its incorporation up to 2 % in the diet for juvenile Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary berberine supplementation improves growth performance, liver-related blood parameters, and antioxidative status of fattening lambs","authors":"Tiyam Radin ,&nbsp;Moslem Bashtani ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Afshin ,&nbsp;Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ,&nbsp;Navid Ghavipanje","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study determined the effect of berberine (BBR) supplementation on the performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant status of fattening lambs. Twenty-one male Baluchi lambs [three-month-old with 26.5 ± 2.10 kg of body weight (BW), mean ± standard deviation (SD)] were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 7 per group) with different BBR supplementation including 0 g/d (Ctrl), 0.5 g/d (BBR0.5), and 1.0 g/d (BBR1) for 60 days after 14 days of adaptation. On days 0, 30, and 60 lambs were weighed individually and blood samples were collected. Dietary BBR supplementation tended (<em>p</em> = 0.061) to increase dry matter intake (DMI). Also, total weight gain (TWG, <em>p</em> = 0.009) and average daily gain (ADG, <em>p</em> = 0.009) of lambs in both BBR0.5 and BBR1 groups was higher than Ctrl. The lowest plasma triglycerides (TG, <em>p</em> = 0.033) and cholesterol (CHOL, <em>p</em> = 0.046) were for BBR1 followed by the BBR0.5 group, both lower than those in Ctrl. Also, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, <em>p</em> = 0.048) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, <em>p</em> = 0.031) were mitigated in BBR1-supplemented lambs compared to Ctrl group. Also, BBR favors the antioxidant status of fattening lambs as indicated by enhanced blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with depressed malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The hot carcass weight (HCC) increased (<em>p</em> = 0.077) with increasing BBR supplementation, while cold carcass weight (p = 0.495) and dressing BW (<em>p</em> = 0.144) were not affected. In conclusion, BBR positively influenced the growth performance and antioxidant status of fattening lambs, potentially supporting better health and production. Further research is warranted to explore its effects on meat quality and oxidative stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 116443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing fishmeal with hydrolysates from whole forage-fish or pacific krill combined with soy protein concentrate in Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) diets","authors":"Bo Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Feng ,&nbsp;Zheng Gong ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Dong ,&nbsp;Linghua Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanjian Jin ,&nbsp;Liying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine protein hydrolysates are preferred alternative for fishmeal due to their good nutritional value and functional characteristics. The current study was conducted to investigate effects of replacing fishmeal with Pacific krill hydrolysate (HPK) or whole forage-fish hydrolysate (HWF) on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition, nutrient retention and digestibility in Japanese seabass <em>Lateolabrax japonicus</em>. Eight iso-nitrogenous (∼ 430 g kg⁻¹) and iso-energetic (∼ 200 MJ kg⁻¹) diets were formulated including a fishmeal supplemented diet (FMC, 200 g kg⁻¹ fishmeal) and seven fishmeal replacement groups, with 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg⁻¹ fishmeal being replaced by 25, 50, 75 and 100 g kg⁻¹ HPK or HWF, and namely HPK25, HPK50, HPK75, HPK100, HWF25, HWF50 and HWF75, respectively. After 70 days of feeding, no significant differences were observed in WGR and FCR among fish fed different diets, but FI significantly decreased in HPK100. Moreover, diet HWF75 improved feed utilization as evidenced by lower FCR (0.86) than the other diets (0.89–0.91). Contents of protein and lipid in whole-body and retentions of nitrogen and energy significantly decreased with increasing supplementation levels of marine protein hydrolysate (HPK and HWF) from 50 to 75 g kg⁻¹. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients including protein and Met significantly increased with increasing HPK supplementation level, with fish fed HPK100 showing highest ADCs of protein and Met. Notably, HPK significantly increased ADCs of protein and energy than HWF. Diet containing 75 g kg⁻¹ marine protein hydrolysate significantly decreased CHOL and HDL-C than 25 g kg⁻¹ supplementation level. Furthermore, the full-length cDNA sequence of <em>pept1</em> was cloned and characterized in <em>Lateolabrax japonicus</em>. The <em>pept1</em> cDNA sequence is 3118 bp, encoding a putative protein of 728 amino acids, with predominant expression in the foregut. Highest expression level of <em>pept1</em> in foregut was observed in HPK25 and HWF25, and significantly higher than the other diets. Overall, this study clarified a combination of HWF or HPK with soy protein concentrate by a mixing ratio of 1:1 effectively decreased supplementation level of fishmeal from 200 to 100 g kg⁻¹ in extruded practical feed for juvenile <em>Lateolabrax japonicus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of combining Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Lentilactobacillus hilgardii, and lemongrass essential oil in rehydrated corn silage preservation","authors":"T.A. Del Valle ,&nbsp;M. Campana ,&nbsp;E.R. Oliveira ,&nbsp;E. Capucho ,&nbsp;P.D. Sobires ,&nbsp;L.T. Bernasconi ,&nbsp;P.S. Castagnino ,&nbsp;J.P.G. de Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria and essential oils have been investigated as strategies to control undesirable microorganisms in silages. This study evaluated the effects of <em>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</em> and <em>Lentilactobacillus hilgardii</em> inoculation (INO) and lemongrass essential oil (LEO) addition on fermentation profile and losses, chemical composition, <em>in vitro</em> degradation, and aerobic stability of rehydrated corn silage (RCS). Thirty-two experimental silos were arranged in a randomized block design to evaluate four treatments in a 2 × 2 arrangement, assessing the following factors: I. Microbial inoculation: -INO: without inoculation or +INO: containing 300,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/g of <em>L. buchneri</em> NCIMB 40788 and 300,000 CFU/g of <em>L. hilgardii</em> CNCM I-4785; and II. lemongrass essential oil: -EO: no essential oil or +EO: 2 mL/kg LEO on an as-fed basis. No interaction was observed between INO and EO. Inoculation increased silage pH and acetic acid, while reducing lactic acid from 79.5 to 24.8 g/kg. In contrast, EO had no effect on the fermentation profile. INO also increased fermentation losses and reduced DM recovery. Additionally, inoculation decreased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber content, whereas EO slightly increased organic matter. After aerobic exposure, +INO exhibited higher silage pH without affecting temperature. Thus, the combination of <em>L. buchneri</em> and <em>L. hilgardii</em> with lemongrass essential oil does not provide synergistic benefits for the preservation of rehydrated corn silage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In ovo maltodextrin feeding and breeder age: Effects on hatchability, hatching weight, serum glucose, glycogen reserves, organ development and intestinal histomorphology in ducklings","authors":"Vanessa Peripolli ,&nbsp;Fabiano Dahlke ,&nbsp;Deivid Felipe Ferreira ,&nbsp;Kauê da Luz Beppler ,&nbsp;Júlia Paula Noronha ,&nbsp;Fabiana Moreira ,&nbsp;André Luis Fachini de Souza ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Schwegler ,&nbsp;Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires ,&nbsp;Betina Raquel Cunha dos Santos ,&nbsp;Stelamaris Dezen ,&nbsp;Ivan Bianchi ,&nbsp;Maila Palmeira ,&nbsp;Andressa Fernanda Campos ,&nbsp;Juahil Martins de Oliveira Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of <em>in ovo</em> maltodextrin feeding level and breeder age on hatchability, hatching weight, serum glucose levels, glycogen reserves, development of internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology of ducklings of the White Mallard breed. A total of 720 eggs, from 34-to-42-weeks-old breeders (early to late laying periods), were incubated, of which 80 eggs were selected each week and on the 23rd day of incubation were subjected to <em>in ovo</em> injection with maltodextrin at one of four levels: 0 %, 1.5 %, 3 %, or 4.5 %. The interaction between breeder age and maltodextrin level affected hatching weight significantly, where values were highest in ducklings from 41- and 42-week-old breeders injected with 1.5 % and 3.0 % maltodextrin, respectively. The hatchability decreased to 4.5 % maltodextrin. Ducklings from older breeders had higher serum glucose levels, with glycogen reserves not significantly affected. The weight percentage of the gizzard was positively influenced by the 1.5 % maltodextrin administered to breeders 39 weeks old. The cecum percentage showed a linear increase as maltodextrin levels increased. The breeder age significantly affected organ and gut parameters, with older breeders producing ducklings with lower organ percentages and shorter duodenum lengths. Intestinal histomorphology depended on both factors: 1.5 % maltodextrin (for breeders aged 39 weeks old) and 3.0 % maltodextrin (for breeders aged 42 weeks old) increased the height and surface area of villi in the ileum. Villus height-to-crypt depth ratio decreased by 4.5 % maltodextrin with 42-week-old breeder ducklings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of pelleting and particle size reduction of corn on ileal digestibility of starch, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, and amino acids in corn-soybean meal diets fed to growing pigs","authors":"Su A Lee ,&nbsp;Chad B. Paulk ,&nbsp;Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to test the hypothesis that pelleting and reducing corn particle size separately or in combination increase the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in diets fed to growing pigs. Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated using three particle sizes of corn (i.e., 700, 500, or 300 μm) and two diet forms (i.e., meal or pelleted). A nitrogen-free diet was also used. Seven pigs (initial weight: 59.3 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to the seven diets using a 7 × 7 Latin square design with 7 periods. Ileal digesta were collected for 2 days of each period. Results indicated that there were no interactions between particle size and diet form for the SID of AA. However, the AID of AEE was increased by reducing the particle size of corn, but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets (interaction; P &lt; 0.001). The AID of starch also was increased by reducing the particle size of corn in meal diets, but not in pelleted diets (tendency for an interaction; P = 0.060). Regardless of particle size, the ileal digestibility of AEE, starch, and most AA was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pelleted diets than in meal diets. Regardless of diet form, the ileal digestibility of AEE, starch, and most AA increased (linear; P &lt; 0.05) by reducing the particle size of corn. In conclusion, reducing corn particle size affects starch and AEE digestibility differently in meal and pelleted diets, but both pelleting and reducing particle size increase the AA digestibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding novel low vicine and covicine, mid- or zero-tannin faba bean cultivars on energy, starch, protein and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs","authors":"Li Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Protus W. Nyende ,&nbsp;Thava Vasanthan ,&nbsp;Ruurd T. Zijlstra ,&nbsp;Eduardo Beltranena","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vicine and covicine content of faba bean cotyledons can induce favism, a haemolytic anaemia in humans with an erythrocyte deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Tannins in faba bean hull (testa) offer frost tolerance during fall nights but may impair starch and crude protein (CP) digestibility. This study evaluated feeding novel low-vicine and covicine faba bean cultivars bred to reduce human health risk, with varying tannin levels on digestibility of energy, starch, CP, and amino acids (AA) in growing pigs. In a Youden square design, 13 ileal-cannulated barrows (32.6 ± 2.5 kg) were fed 1 of 9 faba bean cultivar diets (950 g/kg) and a nitrogen-free diet to correct for endogenous losses over 9˗11 periods consisting of 4 d of diet adaptation, 2 d of faecal collection, and 2 d of digesta collection. Low vicine and covicine, zero-tannin cultivars were CDC 219–16, DL 19.7202, DL Nevado, and Navi. Low vicine and covicine, tannin-containing cultivars were Allison, Dosis, Fabelle, and Victus. Cultivar starch and CP content averaged 381 and 276 g/kg (as is), respectively. Total and insoluble fibre were both 11 % greater in zero-tannin than mid-tannin cultivars. Amino acid content across cultivars averaged 18 g/kg Lys, 9 g/kg Thr, 5 g/kg Met + Cys, and 2 g/kg Trp. Cultivar vicine and covicine content was low (0.83 g/kg and 0.07 g/kg, respectively) except for CDC 219–16 (5.40 and 1.97 g/kg). Tannin content in mid-tannin cultivars was 83 % greater than in zero-tannin (13.3 vs. 7.3 g/kg). Coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) were 8 % and 10 % greater, respectively, in zero-tannin than mid-tannin diets (P &lt; 0.01). Coefficient of apparent hindgut fermentation (CAHF) of DM and GE were 45 % and 77 % greater in zero-tannin than mid-tannin diets (P &lt; 0.01). Zero-tannin cultivars had 5 % greater coefficient of standardised ileal digestibility (CSID) of CP and most AA than mid-tannin, except for Trp that was 9 % lower (P &lt; 0.01). Zero-tannin vs. mid-tannin cultivars also provided 10 % greater digestible energy (DE) and predicted net energy (NE) values (13.36 vs. 12.13 MJ DE/kg; 8.62 vs. 7.77 MJ NE/kg, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, despite greater fibre content, novel low-vicine and covicine zero-tannin cultivars had greater CATTD and CAHF of DM and GE, greater CSID of CP and AA, and greater DE and NE values than the mid-tannin cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plane of nutrition and dietary protein level during backgrounding and finishing phases affect nitrogen and water metabolism in beef cattle","authors":"Aghata E.M. da Silva ,&nbsp;Arturo M. Franco ,&nbsp;Abigail Barney ,&nbsp;Felipe Henrique de Moura ,&nbsp;Glenn C. Duff ,&nbsp;Leilson R. Bezerra ,&nbsp;Nelcino F. de Paula ,&nbsp;Mozart A. Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine how varying planes of nutrition during the two phases: backgrounding (<strong>BP</strong>) and finishing (<strong>FP</strong>) impact nitrogen (N) metabolism and, consequently, the water requirements of beef cattle. Twenty-four crossbred Angus steers (298.01 ± 10.17 kg) were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (two phases and two nutritional planes). The phases being <strong>BP</strong> (85 d) and <strong>FP</strong> (105 d); and plane of nutrition being moderate (<strong>MP;</strong> crude protein-CP: 9.10 %) or high (<strong>HP</strong>; CP: 12.62 %) for BP and forage (high-quality alfalfa hay; CP: 21.3 %) or grain-finished (80 % whole corn and 20 % alfalfa hay; CP: 10.8 %)) for FP. There was a significant interaction between <strong>BP</strong> and <strong>FP</strong> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.1) for dry matter intake (DMI), N-ingested (g/d), fecal (g/d), N-urinary (% of N-excreted), and total N-excreted (g/d). There was no interaction observed for microbial N and microbial protein synthesis (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.1). Animals fed <strong>HP</strong> diets excreted less N-urinary and N-fecal and therefore retained more N (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), increasing N-efficiency (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to <strong>MP</strong> animals. No differences were observed for water intake or microbial-N (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Grain-fed cattle consumed less N and water compared to forage-fed cattle, as well as the lowest excretion of N-fecal and urinary-N, and higher rate of N-retained and higher efficiency on utilizing the N-intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Animals fed <strong>HP</strong> lowest DMI N excretion, fecal output, and N-fecal (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Cattle receiving <strong>HP</strong> during backgrounding will reduce their N-excretion without modifying the required amount of water while producing the same amount of microbial-N due to more efficient N-recycling. This N and water use efficiency pattern carried over when these animals transitioned to grain-fed finishing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 116436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}