Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Stimulatory effects of dietary savory (Satureja hortensis L.) ethanolic extract on growth, digestive enzymes, immune parameters, antioxidant defense, and immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Fatemeh Gharibi Joibari ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Bahrekazemi ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Keshavarz ,&nbsp;Somayeh Bahram ,&nbsp;Seyed Rohollah Javadian ,&nbsp;Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current investigation focused on examining the growth performance, immune and antioxidative factors, and mRNA levels of immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) that were fed with different levels of savory (<em>Satureja hortensis</em> L.) ethanolic extract (SEE) for 8 weeks. To achieve this objective, a total of 240 zebrafish with a mean weight of 65.37 ± 5.9 mg were fed on 0.0 (the control; T0), 0.5 % (T0.5), 1 % (T1), and 2 % (T2) of SEE for a period of 8 weeks. The results for the growth performance of zebrafish showed that the final weight (165.20±1.92 mg), Weight gain (147.71±1.15 mg), specific growth rate (1.62±0.03) was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) enhanced with the dietary SEE levels and the best performance was noted in T1 and T2. highest activity levels of α-amylase (53.56±1.21), lipase (3.56±0.16), proteases (13.78±0.21), pepsin (0.31±0.01), chymotrypsin (0.44±0.01), and trypsin (0.68±0.01) were observed especially T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The results of tissue and mucus immune factors revealed that feeding the fish on SEE diets significantly increased the immune activity represented by lysozyme, total Immunoglobulin (Ig), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), total protein, and ACH50 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The malondialdehyde value was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) affected by experimental diets and its lowest value was notably observed in T1 and T2 than those in T0 and T0.5. The tissue and mucus activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant activity (TAC) increased considerably (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the treatments fed with SEE, and their highest levels were detected in T1 and T2. The relative mRNA expression of <em>CAT</em>, <em>SOD</em>, <em>GPx,</em> and glutathione reductase (<em>GSR</em>) genes in treatments fed with different SEE levels was higher than those in the control group. The relative expression of <em>Lysozyme</em> was notably higher, meanwhile the expression of genes including <em>Interleukin 1β</em> (<em>IL.1B</em>), <em>Interleukin 8</em> (<em>IL8</em>), and <em>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)</em>, significantly decreased in fish fed with SEE; especially at T1 and T2. The present study, 1–2 % savory ethanolic extract of SEE improved the performance, immune, and antioxidant levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of supplemental phytase on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and growth performance in growing pigs","authors":"Youngwoo Kang ,&nbsp;Yoon Soo Song ,&nbsp;Jong Woong Kim ,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to determine the dose-dependent effects of supplemental phytase on ileal and fecal digestibility and hindgut disappearance (HD) of nutrients and growth performance in pigs. In experiment 1, twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 29.2 kg (standard deviation = 2.2) were allotted to 6 diets in a replicated 6 × 4 incomplete Latin square design to obtain 8 observations per dietary treatment. The coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of nutrients were determined. Additionally, the HD was calculated as the deviation between CAID and CATTD. A high-phosphorus (HP; 5.1 g/kg total phosphorus) diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal with dicalcium phosphate to meet the phosphorus requirement. Five additional diets mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal were formulated to contain a low phosphorus (LP; 3.8 g/kg total phosphorus) concentration. The LP diet was supplemented with phytase at 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1500 unit/kg. All experimental diets contained 5.0 g/kg of chromic oxide as an indigestible index. In experiment 2, two hundred forty barrows with an initial body weight of 29.5 kg (standard deviation = 2.4) were allotted to 1 of 6 diets in a randomized complete block design with 10 replicate pens per dietary treatment and 4 barrows per pen. The same experimental diets as in experiment 1 were provided to the pigs for 28 days. In experiment 1, the CAID, CATTD, and HD of dry matter was not affected but CAID and CATTD of calcium increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing phytase supplementation. The CAID, CATTD, and coefficients of standardized ileal and total tract digestibility of phosphorus increased (P &lt; 0.01) in a quadratic manner with increasing supplemental phytase. The standardized HD of phosphorus was greater (P = 0.049) in pigs fed the LP diet compared with that in pigs fed the HP diet. Supplemental phytase resulted in a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) in CAID of all indispensable amino acids except methionine and tryptophan. In experiment 2, the growth performance was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the LP diet compared with those fed the HP diet but increased (P &lt; 0.05) in a quadratic manner by supplemental phytase. In conclusion, the digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and amino acids, and the growth performance of pigs were improved by supplemental phytase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an immunomodulatory feed additive on feed intake behavior, skin temperature, and milk yield in dairy cows during the hot season","authors":"Julia Avansi Marques ,&nbsp;Caio S. Takiya ,&nbsp;Tiago Antonio Del Valle ,&nbsp;Nathália T.S. Grigoletto ,&nbsp;Guilherme G. da Silva ,&nbsp;Francisco P. Rennó","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat stressing conditions alter behavior and physiology which results in impaired performance of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an immunomodulatory additive on feed intake, behavior, physiological parameters, and productivity of dairy cows during heat stress. Forty-two Holstein cows (610 ± 77.5 kg body weight, 28.2 ± 4.12 kg/d milk yield, and 179 ± 90 days in milk) were used in a complete block randomized design to evaluate the following treatments: Control (CON): basal diet without immunomodulatory additive; and OmniGen-AF (OMN): basal diet plus 56 g/d of OmniGen-AF (Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ, USA) fed during 6 wks. Throughout the trial, the air temperature, relative humidity, and temperature-humidity index averaged 25.9 ± 1.53 ºC, 68.1 ± 7.67 %, and 74.7 ± 2.17, respectively. Cows fed OMN showed increased dry matter intake, fat-corrected milk production, and milk concentrations of fat and protein compared to CON. OMN tended to increase milk yield and body condition score. OmniGen-AF increased serum glucose concentration and had no effect on feed intake behavior, feed particle sorting index, or physiological parameters (heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature). OMN decreased or tended to decrease the surface temperature of the rumen region of cows throughout the day. Thus, OmniGen-AF improves feed intake, body condition score, fat-corrected milk yield, and milk solids of dairy cows under heat-stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a dietary probiotic on growth, gonadal development and quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and non-specific immunity of a sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)","authors":"Yuntian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixu Guo ,&nbsp;Rongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiadong Guo ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Han ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Zhao ,&nbsp;Tongjun Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em>, a commercially important sea urchin, often faces nutritional challenges due to seasonal shortages of macroalgae and the inadequacy of single-species kelp diets in supporting its growth and gonadal development. Probiotics, rich in various nutrients and bioactive substances, are widely used in aquaculture to solve these problems. This study aims to develop a new, nutrient-rich probiotic (<em>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</em>) formulated feed to overcome food shortages and nutritional deficiencies. In the experiment, <em>S. intermedius</em> (initial body weight: 26.5 ± 0.17 g, [SD]) were fed five different diets for 60 days: fresh kelp (<em>Laminaria japonica</em>) and four prepared feeds, Z0, Z1, Z2, and Z3 (with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % <em>R. palustris</em>, respectively). Results demonstrated that the addition of <em>R. palustris</em> significantly improved the growth performance of <em>S. intermedius</em>, antioxidant enzyme activity, immune enzyme activity, and digestive enzyme activity, while also enhancing the expression of genes related to gonadal development, immunity, and antioxidant function. The study further observed that <em>S. intermedius</em> in the Z2 and Z3 groups exhibited faster gonadal development (females), as well as higher adhesiveness, chewiness, total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) content compared to the Kelp group, although their gonadal color was slightly inferior. Additionally, the addition of <em>R. palustris</em> enriched the intestineal microbial diversity in <em>S. intermedius</em>, with a significant increase in the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae in the Z2 and Z3 groups compared to the other groups, indicating a positive effect on intestinal health. Overall, supplementation with 1 % or 2 % <em>R. palustris</em> to the diet can significantly improve the growth performance of <em>S. intermedius</em>, gonadal development and quality, antioxidant capacity, intestine health, and non-specific immunity<em>.</em> This study provides a potential solution to the seasonal shortage of macroalgae food in sea urchin aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of dried citrus pulp in the barley-based supplementary concentrate to beef cattle offered grass silage: Intake, digestibility, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat quality traits","authors":"M. McGee ,&nbsp;M.J. Kelly ,&nbsp;A.K. Kelly ,&nbsp;A.P. Moloney","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interest in the use of human-inedible by-product feed ingredients as alternatives to cereals in concentrate feedstuffs for beef cattle is increasing. Three experiments were carried out to determine the effects of replacing rolled barley with dried citrus pulp (DCP) in the supplementary concentrate on intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and meat quality and sensory traits of steers offered perennial ryegrass dominant grass silage. The control concentrates were based on rolled barley (865–910 g/kg fresh weight) and in the treatment concentrates, barley was replaced with DCP. Inclusion levels of DCP (g/kg fresh weight) were; 0, 400 and 800 (Experiment 1); 0, 265, 556 and 803 (Experiment 2), and 0 and 768 (Experiment 3). Concentrates were formulated to have similar concentrations of metabolisable protein and, additionally, to be isoenergetic in Experiments 2 and 3. Concentrate supplementation levels were 4.0, 3.0 and 2.9 kg dry matter (DM) daily, offered over 124, 103 and 91 days, respectively, for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. In Experiment 1, inclusion of DCP in the concentrate supplement had no effect on grass silage DM intake but daily live weight gain was lower and feed conversion ratio was poorer for DCP-800 compared to DCP-0 and DCP-400, which did not differ. Inclusion of DCP had no effect on carcass weight and carcass traits, and no effect on ultimate pH, temperature, drip loss, colour or sensory characteristics of the <em>M. Longissimus</em> muscle. In Experiment 2, there was no effect of DCP inclusion on live weight gain or feed conversion ratio. In Experiment 3, concentrate type had no effect on intake, live weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight or carcass traits, but estimated carcass gain was greater for DCP-768 compared to DCP-0. In rumen fluid, pH and the concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids did not differ, but the concentration of ammonia, molar proportions of butyrate and valerate were lower, and the molar proportion of acetate was higher, for DCP-768 than DCP-0. Apparent total-tract digestibility of dietary and concentrate DM, crude protein and organic matter was greater for DCP-0 than DCP-768. In conclusion, DCP can be used to partially replace rolled barley in the supplementary concentrate to beef cattle offered grass silage without impairing carcass weight, carcass traits or selected meat quality and sensory attributes, thereby enhancing human-edible food-feed efficiency of beef production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the impact of an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product on ruminal fermentation and dairy cow performance","authors":"Juan M. Cantet ,&nbsp;Rafael A. Palladino ,&nbsp;César Ocasio ,&nbsp;Fernando Bargo ,&nbsp;Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is evidence that some fermentation products from yeast and fungi have positive effects on animal performance. However, results from different sources are inconsistent due to variations in types of diets or other factors across experiments. Therefore, our main goal was to evaluate the effects of feeding a fermentation product derived from the fungus <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> (<strong>AO</strong>) on dairy cows’ performance through a meta-analysis from published literature. A database from experiments involving AO supplementation to dairy cows was built. <em>In vivo</em> experiments reported in selected peer-review papers published from 1984 to 2019 and 1 unpublished record were included. A total of 26 studies comprising 76 treatment means were pooled in the database. Data were analyzed by the means procedure of SAS (SAS 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). When dairy cows received AO as a supplement, milk yield and fat corrected milk were significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) increased. Decreased milk fat and protein content was also found (P &lt; 0.0001), probably because of the increased milk yield. Nutrient digestion, except for crude protein, was enhanced by AO supplementation (P &lt; 0.0001). As the increase in dry matter intake from AO treatment does not fully explain the rise in milk production, it is likely that AO also influences nutrient bioavailability and partitioning for productive purposes. Our results indicate that AO shows a consistent response in milk production across feeding situations (season and feeding systems) and diets (forage type and level of concentrate), partly boosted by an increase in dry matter intake and by improvements in dry matter digestibility. Future work should focus on improving our understanding of the mode of action and, especially, how AO can affect the immune response in high-producing dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bacillus subtilis addition to milk replacer on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid concentration of Hu lambs","authors":"Xinhui Yang ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Juwang Zhou ,&nbsp;Lijing An ,&nbsp;Faming Pan ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinji Wang ,&nbsp;Guoyan Xu ,&nbsp;Chen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to investigate the effects of adding <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> to milk replacers on the incidence of diarrhea, growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in newborn Hu lambs. Thirty newborn lambs with similar genetic backgrounds and initial body weights were selected and nursed by their dams for 4 days before transitioning to a milk replacer. At age 7 days, the lambs were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of 15 lambs each: CON (basic milk replacer feeding) and BS (basic milk replacer feeding supplemented with 0.2 % <em>B. subtilis</em>). At age 28 days, eight lambs in each group were randomly euthanized, and their colonic and cecal contents were collected for microbiological and SCFA analyses. The lambs were monitored daily to determine the incidence of diarrhea. The BS group showed significantly increased average daily feed intake and gain and significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea. Furthermore, dry matter digestibility and crude protein and ether extract content increased in the BS group compared with those in the CON group. Increased acetate and total SCFA concentrations were noted in the colon and cecum, with elevated propionate levels specifically in the cecum. Microbiota analysis revealed that <em>B. subtilis</em> supplementation enhanced microbial diversity and beneficially modulated bacterial communities. Potentially harmful bacteria showed significantly decreased abundance in the colon (<em>Campylobacterota</em> by 11.09 % and <em>Fusobacteriota</em> by 2.98 %), whereas beneficial bacteria exhibited increased abundance (<em>Firmicutes</em> by 8.9 %, <em>Actinobacteriota</em> by 3.59 %, <em>Lactobacillus</em> by 5.92 %, and <em>Bifidobacterium</em> by 3.18 %). Similar trends were observed in the cecum, with decreases in <em>Campylobacterota</em> (4.82 %) and <em>Fusobacteriota</em> (3.12 %) and increases in <em>Bacteroidota</em> (4.11 %), <em>Lactobacillus</em> (3.75 %), and <em>Prevotella</em> (3.59 %). These findings indicate that adding 0.2 % <em>B. subtilis</em> to the milk replacer is an effective approach for enhancing lamb growth performance, maintaining intestinal health, and improving the intestinal microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the quality of whole-plant corn silage in the top layer of a silo by using an inoculant in combination with sodium benzoate","authors":"Carmelo Mastroeni ,&nbsp;Erica Fiorbelli ,&nbsp;Samantha Sigolo ,&nbsp;Valentina Novara ,&nbsp;Eliana Carboni ,&nbsp;Ivan Eisner ,&nbsp;Paolo Fantinati ,&nbsp;Antonio Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a commercial bacterial inoculant in combination with sodium benzoate on aerobic spoilage of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) in the upper layer of a bunker silo. More specifically, we compared control silage (CTR) that was treated with water alone and experimental silage (OS) that was inoculated with SiloSolve® OS (a combination of <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> [DSM 22502/1k20602], <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> [DSM 11037/1k2081], and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> [DSM 16568/1k20720]) in combination with sodium-benzoate. After harvest, 1000 kg of freshly chopped corn was divided into two equal groups (OS and CTR), followed by homogenization with a pitchfork. For each group, 12 silo-NET bags (SNBs; high density polyethylene, 27 ×120 cm, 200 µm mesh pores) were filled with approximately 5.5 kg of freshly chopped forage, and then buried at a depth of 0.30 m in different regions of a bunker silo (26 m long, 8.5 m wide, 3.5 m high) for 98, 142, or 217 days. The bunker silo was divided lengthwise into two equal parts, and a 2-m buffer zone separated the CTR group and the OS group. After application of each treatment, the SNBs were removed from the ensiled mass, weighed, and mixed thoroughly, followed by measurement of chemical, fermentative, and microbiological parameters. The OS group had a decreased loss of dry matter (5.3 ± 4.72 <em>vs.</em> 12.5 ± 4.72 g/kg DM, P &lt; 0.05), greater aerobic stability (302.0 ± 64.5 <em>vs.</em> 225.7 ± 64.5 h, P &lt; 0.05), a lower count of yeasts (2.33 ± 0.84 <em>vs.</em> 3.74 ± 0.84 log₁₀[CFU/g], P &lt; 0.05), and a lower count of molds (2.24 ± 0.50 <em>vs.</em> 3.12 ± 0.50 log₁₀[CFU/g], P &lt; 0.05). During the feed-out phase, the temperature of the core and top layer of the bunker and the amount of WPCS waste were determined for the two groups. The temperature was consistently lower in the OS group, and the total amount of waste (2.01 % of total WPCS) was 43 % lower in the OS group. We conclude that treatment of the top layer of WPCS in a bunker silo with a commercial inoculant and sodium benzoate can decrease spoilage and increase the economic value of silage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of two crucial hemicellulolytic enzymes in fish diet: Xylanase and mannanase","authors":"Xiao yan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi li Ding ,&nbsp;Ze sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Shun Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supplementation of hemicellulase to the animal feed is a key strategy for enhancing the nutritional quality of diets containing hemicellulose, such as xylan and mannan. accounting for approximately 6.20 % and 1.86 % of soybean meal ingredients, respectively. Xylanase and mannanase are two crucial hemicellulolytic enzymes, as well as two significant feed enzymes. The beneficial effects and underlying mechanism of dietary hemicellulase inclusion on digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, immune response, as well as intestinal structure and microbiota of fish fed plant meal have been well demonstrated. However, several issues including delivery effectiveness, the interaction between hydrolysis products and gastrointestinal development, immunity, and microbial colonization, as well as the joint use with other enzymes should be concerned. This review compiles current research findings about the characteristic of xylanase and mannanase, and the effects of dietary xylanase/mannanase on nutritional digestion, immune responses, and overall health of fish, as well as discusses potential approaches to develop the application of hemicellulolytic enzymes in fish diet. It also aims to inspire researchers to explore innovative strategies to enhance the utilization of hemicellulases in aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143127894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and meat quality of pigs of different ages","authors":"Md Raihanul Hoque ,&nbsp;Jae Hong Park ,&nbsp;In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dietary fat sources and their combinations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score and meat quality in pigs of different ages. For experiments 1, 2 and 3, a total of 108 weaned pigs, 96 growing pigs and 84 finishing pigs were divided into pens according to their body weight (BW) and gender. They were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized block design. For experiment 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: 1) TRT1, basal diet with lard as the fat source; 2) TRT2, basal diet with soy oil as the fat source 3) TRT3, basal diet with lard and soy oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. For experiments 2 and 3, dietary treatments were 1) TRT1, basal diet with tallow as the fat source, 2) TRT2, basal diet with crude palm oil as the fat source, 3) TRT3, basal diet with tallow and crude palm oil in a 1:1 ratio as the fat source. In later stages, increased BW (P = 0.041) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed in TRT3 compared to TRT1 in experiment 1 (P = 0.041). In experiment 2, higher BW (P = 0.029) and ADG (P = 0.031) were observed in TRT1 compared to TRT2 in week 1 and phase 1. Experiment 3 showed no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of dietary fat sources. Although a minor effect was observed in weaning pig and growing pig, soy oil and lard; tallow and palm oil can be suitable substitutes for each other in overall pig production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 116153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}