Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of dehulling and toasting at different moisture contents of fava beans (Vicia faba) on chemical composition and in-situ ruminal protein degradation","authors":"Wenji Wang,&nbsp;Amin Aljundi,&nbsp;Nikolaj Peder Hansen,&nbsp;Martin Riis Weisbjerg,&nbsp;Peter Lund,&nbsp;Mogens Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dehulling and moist toasting at different dry matter (DM) contents on the feed value of fava beans using the <em>in situ</em> methodology. Fava beans with about 12 % of moisture content were moistened to achieve moisture contents of 12 %, 18 %, and 25 %. Firstly, the effect of toast-moist and dehulling was investigated in a 4 × 2 factorial design with factor 1 including: (1) untoasted at 12 % moisture, (2) toasted at 12 % moisture, (3) toasted at 18 % moisture, and (4) toasted at 25 % moisture. Factor 2 including: hulled or dehulled. Secondly, the effect of the sequence of toasting (at 12 % moisture) and dehulling was examined. Thirdly, the nutritive value of hulls was assessed. Moist toasting and dehulling both resulted in a higher CP content of fava beans. Moist toasting led to a lower ruminal degradability and higher intestinal and total-tract disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. Dehulling of fava beans resulted in a lower aNDFom content, higher ruminal degradability of DM, CP, and CP-free DM and higher intestinal disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. Toasting after dehulling resulted in a higher DM content but did not affect ruminal degradability of CP. Increasing the moisture content in the fava beans before toasting from 12 to 18 and 25 % moisture resulted in a lower effective ruminal degradability of DM, CP, and CP-free DM, but higher total-tract and intestinal disappearance of DM, CP, and CP-free DM. It was concluded that dehulling was effective to improve fava beans nutritive value by reducing aNDFom content and increasing the CP and starch content. Toasting fava beans in moist condition, eg. directly from harvest, give the most effective protection of CP and CP-free DM from ruminal degradation and increased intestinal and total-tract disappearance of CP and CP-free DM. Fava bean hulls had low nutritional value and was limited affected by moist toasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding rate for newly weaned tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in a recirculating aquaculture system","authors":"Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras ,&nbsp;Paola Fabiana Fazzi Gomes ,&nbsp;Debora Sayumi Doami Melo ,&nbsp;Jhonas Warlenson Palheta Nobre ,&nbsp;Helen Cristiane Araújo Souza ,&nbsp;Marcela Cardoso Sena ,&nbsp;Joane Natividade ,&nbsp;Igor Hamoy ,&nbsp;Glauber David Almeida Palheta ,&nbsp;Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo ,&nbsp;André Luiz Alves de Sá ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Takata ,&nbsp;Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the optimal feeding rate for fish is crucial to promote growth and feed efficiency, avoid wastage, and maintain water quality. Endogenous factors and the farming environment can influence the feeding rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of five different feeding rates on water quality, growth performance and gene expression in newly weaned tambaqui (<em>Colossoma macropomum</em>) juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Five feeding rates were tested in triplicate: 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass daily for 28 days. Dissolved oxygen levels were higher only in the fish tanks fed with 5 % of biomass. The greatest total length, length gain, length gain rate, weight, weight gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were observed in tambaqui juveniles fed with 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % of biomass, respectively. However, segmented regression analysis determined that the optimal theoretical total length and weight corresponded to feeding rates of 10.35 % and 11.87 % of biomass, respectively. Ghrelin and leptin were directly proportional to the increase in feeding rate, although there was no difference in the expression of <em>myod</em> and <em>myog</em> genes in tambaqui fed at different feeding rates. For optimal feed utilization and productivity, we conclude that feeding tambaqui juveniles at 11.87 % of biomass per day is most suitable for this species during the nursery phase in a recirculating aquaculture system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of encapsulation of digestive enzymes recovered from South Atlantic fish wastes for potential biotechnological applications","authors":"Ivana Soledad Friedman ,&nbsp;Analía Verónica Fernández-Gimenez ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alarcón-López ,&nbsp;Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish viscera represent an abundant and cost-effective source of digestive enzymes, particularly proteinases, which can be readily extracted and employed as bioactive components in various industrial processes to obtain value-added products. However, proteinases are sensitive to environmental factors. A successful method for maintaining their enzymatic activity is encapsulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of alkaline and acid proteinases derived from wastes of the commercial fish species <em>Merluccius hubbsi</em> and <em>Percophis brasiliensis</em> from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, and to determine the stability of their enzymatic activity under different storage conditions (room temperature and 4ºC). In addition, the effectiveness of the encapsulated proteinases using an <em>in vitro</em> digestion simulation assay was assessed. The results indicated that <em>P. brasiliensis</em> proteinases immobilized in fresh microcapsules and stored at 4°C remained stable for 60 days. Alkaline proteinases stored in freeze-dried microcapsules from both species, and fresh microcapsules from <em>P. brasiliensis</em>, retained their activity at both storage temperatures for 60 days. Aspartic proteinases from both species, encapsulated in freeze-dried capsules and stored at 4°C, maintained catalytic activity. <em>In vitro</em> enzymatic hydrolysis assays confirmed that casein is hydrolyzed after 60 min by both the encapsulated and free enzymes. In turn, the amount of free amino acids released from casein leveled off after 180 min of <em>in vitro</em> assay. These results evidenced that encapsulation using a combination of alginate and chitosan is a promising tool for different biotechnological applications of these fish enzymes such as elaboration of commercial detergent additives and aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can feedlot cattle increase productivity and decrease methane emissions by lowering the straw particle size?","authors":"Amira Arbaoui ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Gonzalo ,&nbsp;Alejandro Belanche ,&nbsp;Antonio de Vega","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of using ground and pelleted straw, instead of straw in the long form, on feed utilization by and methane production from feedlot cattle. Eighteen Montbéliarde cross bred male beef calves (358 ± 3,8 kg and 251 ± 0,5 days) were assigned to two treatments (9 animals per treatment) in a Randomized Complete Block Design: large straw (LS), and ground (6 mm sieve) and pelleted (8 mm granule diameter) straw (PS), both offered <em>ad libitum</em>. All animals were fitted in the dorsal sac of the rumen with a 15 mm internal diameter permanent cannula, and consumed the same concentrate <em>ad libitum</em>. Average daily gain, and intake of straw and concentrate, were recorded through a sixteen-week period. Digestibility was estimated using chromic oxide as marker, and rumen liquid and gas samples were obtained at different times of the day in two occasions during the experimental period to characterize rumen fermentation. Abundance of total bacteria, methanogens, protozoa and anaerobic fungi was also analysed. All animals were slaughtered at a target LW of 500 kg, and dressing percentage and carcass classification were obtained from the slaughterhouse. All data were analysed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The results showed that the particle size of straw had not a significant effect (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) on final live weight (LW), average daily gain, carcass dressing percentage, intake of straw, concentrate, dry matter or digestible organic matter, digestibility values, production of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), and abundance of microorganisms in the rumen. However, animals fed pelleted straw had lower rumen pH (5.97 vs 6.43, P = 0,0423), and tended to have lower rumen protozoal concentration (P = 0.0826), suggesting a higher risk of experiencing rumen acidosis than those fed long straw. In conclusion, reducing the particle size of straw does not seem a suitable strategy to reduce methane production or prevent rumen acidosis in feedlot cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary vitamin A supplementation on growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism in mid-stage Epinephelus coioides","authors":"Alatwinusa Yohana Mpwaga ,&nbsp;Ray Watson Gyan ,&nbsp;Ming Yan Ding ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a 70-day experiment, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of vitamin A supplementation on growth performance, immunology, and fat metabolites in mid-stage groupers (<em>Epinephelus coioides</em>). The experimental diets were enriched with six different levels of vitamin A: 0 (control group), 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 20,000 IUVAkg-1. Each group in the experiment consisted of three replicates, totaling 540 fish randomly distributed among 30 tanks, with an initial average weight of 81.50 ± 0.05 g. The findings of the study revealed that the group supplemented with 1000 IU/kg of vitamin A exhibited the highest weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). No mortality was observed in any of the treatment groups. Additionally, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased with higher levels of vitamin A supplementation, with the control group displaying the lowest value. The 1000 IU/kg treatment showed the highest serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating that adequate vitamin A intake can protect the antioxidant system from oxidative stress. Furthermore, fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA activity was up-regulated in fish fed with increasing dietary vitamin A. The broken-line regression model can accurately represent the correlation between WGR and the optimal vitamin A dosage in <em>E. coioides</em> during the mid-stage. This model indicates that the ideal vitamin A dose for optimal results is 1493 IU/kg. This dosage has enhanced growth performance, boosted immune response, and improved lipid metabolism in <em>E. coioides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytase top-coated onto extruded all-vegetable diets reduces the need for dicalcium phosphate and decreases phosphorus loss in fast-growing juvenile Nile tilapia","authors":"Tânia Cristina Pontes ,&nbsp;Johnny Martins de Brito ,&nbsp;Thais Pereira da Cruz ,&nbsp;Bruno Wernick ,&nbsp;Valéria Rossetto Barriviera Furuya ,&nbsp;Wilson Massamitu Furuya","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of reducing dietary dicalcium phosphate (DP) levels by supplementing liquid-form phytase (PHY) at 1000 PHY units (FTU)/kg diet on growth performance, vertebral mineralization, plasma parameters, and phosphorus (P) loss of juvenile Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Fish (<em>n</em> = 240; 12.1 ± 0.4 g) were distributed into 20–70 L each aquarium in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates of 12 fish each. Dietary treatments comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control diet containing 300.5 g/kg crude protein, 18.9 MJ/kg digestible energy and 8.6 g/kg available P (PC); a P-deficient negative control diet without DP or PHY (NC); and three additional diets based on the NC diet: one without DP (NC1) plus PHY, one with 10 g/kg DP (NC2) plus PHY, and one with 20 g/kg DP (NC3) plus PHY. Fish were hand-fed 6 times daily until apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Fish fed PC and NC2 diets displayed similar body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), whole-body ash, calcium (Ca) and P, vertebrae Ca, P and manganese (Mn), and plasmatic P levels, which were higher than those fed NC diet. Feed efficiency ratio (FER), vertebrae zinc (Zn), plasmatic Ca, and cholesterol responses were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared to PC diet, fish fed NC2 diet showed markedly reduced lower P loss by −0.4 g/kg of BWG. This study identified PHY enabling a 20 g/kg reduction in dietary DP without negatively impacting the growth performance and health of juvenile Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, and fatty acid accumulation in flesh of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) reared in freshwater","authors":"Siriporn Tola ,&nbsp;Mercy-Shalom Kehinde Adepoju ,&nbsp;Bundit Yuangsoi ,&nbsp;Siripavee Charoenwattanasak ,&nbsp;Kritsana Jatuwong ,&nbsp;Mintra Seel-audom","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of partial and complete replacement of fish oil with perilla oil on growth performance, feed efficiency, health status, proximate analysis, and fatty acid composition in flesh of Asian seabass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>) reared in freshwater. Five diets were prepared: a control diet based on a basal diet with 12 % fish oil (F12), two vegetable oil-based diets, in which fish oil was replaced entirely with soybean oil (S12) or perilla oil (P12), 8 % (P8), and 4 % (P4). Asian seabass were fed until satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Partial and total replacement of fish oil with perilla oil did not negatively affect feed intake, growth rate, FCR, PER, lipid and protein retentions, proximate composition, intraperitoneal fat index, and hepatosomatic index of Asian seabass (P &gt; 0.05). Total cholesterol of fish fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed P12 (P &lt; 0.05). While high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of Asian seabass fed S12 was higher than that of fish fed F12 (P &lt; 0.05). The other biochemical parameters analysed were similar between diets. Linolenic acid increased in fish flesh with increasing levels of fish oil replacement with perilla oil. In contrast, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Replacement or substituting fish oil with perilla oil changed the fatty acid profile of the flesh but did not impact the growth and health of Asian seabass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different dietary binders on growth, body composition, intestinal barrier and target of rapamycin pathway of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Ye Gong ,&nbsp;Zheng Chen ,&nbsp;Runwei Miao ,&nbsp;Shiwen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhang Sen ,&nbsp;Xuxiong Huang ,&nbsp;Naisong Chen ,&nbsp;Songlin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 8-week experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary binder sources on juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight: 32.00 ± 0.10 g). Five isolipidic diets were designed, supplementing with different binder sources: sodium alginate (SA), carrageenan (CG), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), gelatin (GT), and starch (SC). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups with 30 fish in each group twice daily. The results showed that dietary inclusion of GT significantly improved the growth performance of cultured fish. Meanwhile, the protein efficiency ratio in the GT group was significantly higher than that of other groups, while the feed conversion rate in GT group was significantly lower than that of other groups. Gene expression analysis showed that SA, CG and GT inclusion up-regulated the expression of <em>claudin-1</em> and <em>claudin-4</em> compared to other groups. The expression of mucin 2 (<em>muc2</em>) in the GT group was significantly higher than that in HPMC group and SC group, and the highest expression of <em>occluding</em> was also observed in this group. In addition, the relative expression levels of target of rapamycin (<em>tor</em>), protein kinase B α (<em>akt1</em>) and S6 kinase beta-1 isoform l (<em>s6kβ1</em>) in SA, CG and GT groups were higher compared to the other two groups. Meanwhile, the relative expression of ribosomal protein S6 (<em>s6</em>) in the GT group was significantly higher than HPMC and SC groups. In summary, in this experiment, consider the results on growth performance and intestinal barrier function, GT was the appropriate binder for juvenile largemouth bass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 116275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective efficacy of dietary rosmarinic acid and Bacillus subtilis on growth, health parameters and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Sahar Shahraki ,&nbsp;Ehsan Ahmadifar ,&nbsp;Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam ,&nbsp;Najmeh Sheikhzadeh ,&nbsp;Sedigheh Mohammadzadeh ,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ,&nbsp;Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probiotics and polyphenols are the functional ingredients for their antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth enhancing properties. However, the combined effects of these additives in fish species have rarely been evaluated. The present study was done to evaluate the effects of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> probiotic and rosmarinic acid alone or in combination on growth, digestive enzyme activities, serum antioxidant and immune indices as well as disease resistance to Aeromonas <em>hydrophila</em> in juvenile common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>). A total number of 240 Common carp with mean weight of 13.77 ± 0.78 (mean + SE) were randomly distributed into four groups with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) and fed with 5 × 10⁹ CFU <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>/g feed (BS), 600 mg rosmarinic acid/kg feed (RA), combination of these additives (BS+RA) or the control diet (C) by apparent satiation three times a day for 8 weeks. The results of the present experiment indicated that growth rates, digestive enzyme activities as well as serum immunological parameters were higher in all treated groups, especially BS+RA group, compared to the values achieved in the C group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Serum biochemical indices, including antioxidant-related enzyme activities were improved in the RA and BS+RA compared to the control fish (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The cumulative mortality rate was 50.00 %, 43.33 % and 40.00 % in BS, RA and BS+RA groups, respectively, compared to 60.00 % mortality in the control fish after challenging with <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This study indicated that the eight-week dietary administration of rosmarinic acid and <em>B. subtilis</em>, especially in combination, improved growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, serum immunological and antioxidant responses, and disease resistance to <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in common carp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of tributyrin and tricaproin into milk replacer on intake, growth, and health of Holstein calves","authors":"Í.R.R. Castro ,&nbsp;J.N. Wilms ,&nbsp;G.B.C. Leite ,&nbsp;M.I. Marcondes ,&nbsp;L.N. Leal","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fat composition of milk replacers (MR) for calves differs from milk fat leading to low levels of butyric and caproic acids in MR. This study investigated how the incorporation of tributyrin (TB4) and tricaproin (TC6) in MR affects feed intake, growth, and health of newborn calves (Experiment 1) and 18-d-old calves (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 24 male calves (0.90 ± 0.35 d; 42.8 ± 4.43 kg BW; mean ± SD) were blocked by arrival sequence. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to treatments consisting of a mixture of a control MR (CON) and an experimental MR containing TB4 and TC6 (TRI) at different mixing percentages being TRI0 (0 % TRI MR), TRI33, TRI67, and TRI100. The TRI100 MR contained 3.36 % C4:0 and 2.49 % C6:0 (as % total FA). All MR contained 237 g/kg of CP, 258 g/kg of fat, and 375 g/kg of lactose (DM basis). Calves were housed individually for 21 d. The daily MR allowance was 7.0 L/d (15 % solids) fed in 2 meals. Water and chopped straw were available <em>ad libitum</em>. Daily measurements included MR intake, fecal consistency scoring, and scoring of the need for drinking assistance. In Experiment 2, 60 calves (18.4 ± 2.4 d; 47.5 ± 1.46 kg) were blocked by BW at arrival and randomly assigned to treatments within a block, including 1) a control MR (CON) that did not include TB4 and TC6, 2) an MR containing TB4 with 3.36 % C4:0 of total FA, 3) an MR containing TC6 with 2.49 % C6:0, and 4) an MR with both TB4 and TC6 called TBTC with 2.41 % C4:0 and 2.10 % C6:0. All MR contained 292 g/kg of fat, 243 g/kg of CP, and 339 g/kg of lactose. Calves were individually housed for 28 d and then grouped in pairs or trios afterwards. The daily MR allowance was 7.0 L/d (13.5 % of solids) fed in 2 meals. Weaning was initiated on d 36 after arrival by feeding 4.0 L from d 36–49, and calves were completely weaned at d 50 and monitored until d 63. Calves had <em>ad libitum</em> access to starter feed, chopped wheat straw (3–7 cm), and water. Body weight was measured weekly. Daily measurements included feed intakes and fecal consistency (until d 28). In Experiment 1, the inclusion of TB4 and TC6 did not affect growth and MR refusals. Calves fed TRI0 and TRI33 tended to have higher abnormal fecal scores in wk 2 and 3 compared with other groups. In addition, higher TB4 and TC6 inclusion levels in MR reduced the need for drinking assistance in week 2. In Experiment 2, MR refusals were higher in calves fed TC6 and TBTC than in other treatments between wk 1 and 3 after arrival. Calves fed CON had a higher percentage of days with loose feces. In conclusion, higher levels of TB4 and TC6 reduced the need for drinking assistance in newborn calves, but TC6 inclusion increased MR refusals in older calves. Supplementing MR with TB4, TC6, or their combination improved the fecal consistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 116270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}