Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Aqueous Electrolyte Composition on the Efficiency of Electrochemical Machining of Additive Manufacturing Products Made of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy","authors":"E. V. Krasnova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Morgunov,&nbsp;B. P. Saushkin,&nbsp;I. A. Slyusar’,&nbsp;S. A. Smeyan","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700509","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the anionic composition of an aqueous electrolyte on the efficiency of the electrochemical leveling of the initial microgeometry of samples obtained by selective electron beam melting (SEBM) at the following mode parameters was studied: a current density of 20 A/cm², an initial interelectrode gap of 0.3 mm, and an average electrolyte pumping speed of 12 m/s. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and bisalt electrolytes based on them were studied. It was shown that aqueous solutions of sodium perchlorate have the best microleveling properties among the working media studied, which provides the ability to reduce the parameters <i>Ra</i> and <i>Rz</i> from values of 35 and 180 μm, respectively, to values of 3.2 and 20 μm within 30 s of electrolysis in a direct-flow electrolyzer. It was established that the microgeometry leveling corresponds to the model of the secondary distribution of dissolution rates; two main factors were identified that significantly influenced the result: polarization of the electrodes and a decrease in the oxidation state of metal ions passing into the solution during electrochemical machining in the vicinity of the depression in relation to the protrusion due to changes in the local conditions of electrolysis. Microetching along the grain boundaries in the studied electrolytes was not detected at the adopted electrolysis mode parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet Chemical Synthesis Optimisation and Characterisation of Nano Holmium Oxide for Photocatalytic and Dielectric Device Applications","authors":"K. U. Aiswarya,&nbsp;K. J. Arun,&nbsp;M. D. Aggarwal","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700522","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700522","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Holmium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the wet chemical method, a simple cost-effective chemical route. The effect of calcination on the structure, size, optical and electrical properties was studied in detail. Particle size was measured via X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy and analyzed using the Scherrer equation and the Williamson–Hall plot, agrees very well confirming the quality of the synthesis route adopted. Calcination increases the particle size and the crystalline quality. Absorption in the ultraviolet region was observed for all samples, and a decrease in the bandgap upon calcination was registered and explained. A large dielectric constant was observed for the calcinated sample indicating its profuse use as a dielectric material. Ferroelectric polarization-electric field hysteresis loop shows an increased loop area upon calcination meaning a better charge accommodation ability. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, the holmium oxide nanoparticles showed photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":"12 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-Induced Processes in Electron-Irradiated Films of Negative Phenol-Formaldehyde Photoresist on Silicon","authors":"D. I. Brinkevich,&nbsp;E. V. Grinyuk,&nbsp;S. D. Brinkevich,&nbsp;V. S. Prosolovich,&nbsp;Yu. N. Yankovskii,&nbsp;V. V. Kolos,&nbsp;O. A. Zubova,&nbsp;S. B. Lastovskii","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700625","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It was found that radiation-induced processes in films of negative photoresist <i>NFR</i> 016<i>D</i> at doses up to 2 × 10¹⁵ cm^–2 occur mainly with the participation of residual solvent molecules or on by-products of the photoresist film synthesis. After irradiation, absorption bands with maxima at 1717 (stretching vibrations of C=O bonds), 1068, and 1009 cm^–1 (vibrations of C–O–C bond in methyl-3-methoxypropylate solvent) disappear in the attenuated total internal reflection spectra of the photoresist. At irradiation doses above 1 × 10¹⁶ cm^–2, significant changes in the intensity of the bands associated with the main component of the photoresist (phenol-formaldehyde resin) were observed. A noticeable transformation of the spectrum occurs in the region of 1550–1700 cm^–1, in which stretching vibrations of C=O bonds are observed. At irradiation doses above 2 × 10¹⁶ cm^–2, the intensities of the bands caused by stretching vibrations of CH₂ and CH groups decrease (bands with maxima at 2925 and 3012 cm^–1, respectively). The experimental results indicate a change in the composition of substituents at the carbon ring and the formation of conjugated double C=O bonds when the photoresistive film is irradiated with electron doses above 2 × 10¹⁶ cm^–2.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":"130 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Calculation of the Displacement Current Density and Its Influence on Electromagnetic Processes in a Metallic Conductor with Alternating Conduction Current","authors":"M. I. Baranov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700364","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of an approximate calculation of the density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and an assessment of the influence of the density on electromagnetic processes in an isotropic nonmagnetic metal (alloy) of a continuous cylindrical conductor of finite dimensions (radius <i>r</i>₀ and length <i>l</i>₀ <span>( gg )</span> <i>r</i>₀) with an electric alternating (pulsed) axial conduction current <i>i</i>₀(<i>t</i>) with various amplitude–time parameters. The obtained theoretical data on the quantized (discrete) spatiotemporal distributions of standing longitudinal waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in this conductor allow one to conclude that electrodynamic calculations of variable (pulsed) electromagnetic processes occurring both in the conductor and in the electric circuit connected to it can ignore the influence of the longitudinal waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) itself in the conductor, and these quantities in practical field calculations can be neglected. It was determined that the waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) itself preserve the solenoidality (closeness) of the total electric current <i>i</i>_<i>i</i>(<i>t</i>) = <i>i</i>₀(<i>t</i>) + <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in the conductor and its circuit. It was shown by calculation that the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and its density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in the nonmagnetic metal (alloy) of the conductor do not suffer thermal (Joule) energy losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"781 - 791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Influence of Limited Volume on the Pulsation of a Vapor-Gas Cavity during a High-Voltage Electrical Explosion in a Liquid","authors":"A. P. Smirnov,&nbsp;O. V. Khvoshchan,&nbsp;T. D. Denisyuk","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700376","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of a limited volume on the hydrodynamic postdischarge processes during a high-voltage electric explosion (HVEE) and an explosion of a thin initiating conductor (ETIC) in a liquid is estimated, and the dynamics of a vapor-gas cavity (VGC) under those conditions is studied. Experimental studies have shown the advantage of the HVEE in comparison with the ETIC in terms of the energy contributed into the VGC expressed in an increase of the period of the VGC pulsation up to 55%. With the ETIC in a limited volume of the discharge chamber, the period of pulsation of the VGC decreases up to 7.5 times compared to the ETIC in an unlimited space under the same initial conditions. A method for calculating the quasi-static pressure during an electric explosion in a limited volume with limited geometric parameters was proposed. The correlation between the calculated quasi-static pressure and the amplitude of the generated first compression wave is mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"792 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Optical Properties of Thin Films of ZnIn2S4 (I, III) Polytypes","authors":"E. D. Arama,&nbsp;D. I. Ozol,&nbsp;V. A. Pintea,&nbsp;T. D. Shemyakova,&nbsp;N. A. Gasitoi","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700406","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological conditions were identified and thin layers of the ZnIn₂S₄ compound were obtained by vacuum deposition in a quasi-closed volume on non-orienting and orienting substrates made of various materials such as glass, fused quartz, glass-ceramic, transparent conducting SnO₂ layers on glass, copper and steel plates, and mica. Thin layers of one- and three-packet polytypic modifications of the ZnIn₂S₄ compound with the crystallite plane (0001) parallel to the substrate were obtained on glass substrates. The microstructure of the films obtained under different deposition modes was studied. The optical absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra were investigated. It was found that the layer parameters were close to those of single crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"814 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Monitoring of Isoproturon from Biochar Derived Controlled Released Formulations","authors":"Shiwang Pandey,&nbsp;Rahul Patwal,&nbsp;Diksha Palariya,&nbsp;Tanveer Irshad Siddiqui,&nbsp;M. G. H. Zaidi,&nbsp;Sameena Mehtab","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700340","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, controlled release formulations (CRF) were developed to gradually release isoproturon (IPU) herbicide (HB) into soil over a prolonged period. This technology has emerged as a promising solution to address concerns associated with conventional agrochemical use. For this purpose, CRF was derived from biochar (BC), called IPU (IBC) and IPU/bentonite/polyvinyl alcohol (IBPBC). Scanning electron microscopy studies showed a multi-phase surface morphology of IBC and IBPBC due to the uniform dispersion of IPU and other components within the BC matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated successful formation of IBC and IBPBC by binding IPU with the BC matrix. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the desired 2θ° values in the microstructures of BC, bentonite (BT), IPU, IBC, and IBPBC. The time-dependent release behavior of IPU from the IBC- and IBPBC-based CRF was investigated using square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. Both IBC and IBPBC showed controlled release of IPU with a good limit of detections over glassy carbon electrodes. IBC released 0.170% of IPU over 100 min, and IBPBC released 0.073% of IPU over 120 min. These results indicate that both IBC and IBPBC effectively release IPU in a controlled manner, providing gradual and sustained release within the specified time frames.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"761 - 771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Electrophysical Parameters of Nickel-Doped Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Z. T. Kenzhaev,&nbsp;Kh. M. Iliev,&nbsp;V. B. Odzhaev,&nbsp;G. Kh. Mavlonov,&nbsp;V. S. Prosolovich,&nbsp;E. Zh. Kosbergenov,&nbsp;B. K. Ismaylov,&nbsp;S. B. Isamov,&nbsp;Sh. Z. Ollambergenov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700467","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the studies of changes in the electro-physical parameters (<i>V</i>_oc, open circuit voltage; <i>I</i>_sc, short-circuit current density; τ, lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers) of photocells made on plates of monocrystalline silicon of the <i>p</i>-type conductivity with the specific resistance ρ 0.5 Ohm cm, doped with nickel, under irradiation with γ-quanta from ⁶⁰Co source are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of the solar energy conversion in nickel-doped photovoltaic cells remains higher than in standard cells up to irradiation doses of 10⁸ rad. It was established that radiation stability of electrophysical parameters of photovoltaic cells also increases with increasing diffusion temperature of nickel atoms. A decrease in the concentration of recombination-active radiation defects is due to the gettering by nickel atoms of technological (background) impurities and the action of nickel clusters as effluents for radiation-induced vacancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"851 - 856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Wave Fields in a Metal Melt under the Action of Magnetic-Pulse Loading and Discharge Current Pulses","authors":"V. M. Kosenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700443","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on mathematical modeling, a study of the wave fields in molten aluminum formed by the action of a pulse, electric discharge and combined sources was carried out. A comparative analysis of their influence on the wave fields in the melt was performed. An increase in the intensity of the wave fields under the influence of a combined method of loading the melt was registered. The occurrence of cavitation in the melt under the influence of the considered sources of pressure pulses has been determined. The energy features of the action of pressure fields on the melt are noted. The influence of the mass of the melt on the pressure fields arising in it is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"838 - 843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porosity of Additive Manufacturing Products Obtained by Selective Electron Beam Melting","authors":"E. V. Krasnova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Morgunov,&nbsp;B. P. Saushkin,&nbsp;N. V. Khomyakova","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700352","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The porosity of the material of samples manufactured by selective electron beam melting from Ti–6Al–4V alloy powders was studied. The influence of parameters of the hatching mode on the porosity of the samples was investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography. The shapes and sizes of pores were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the technological factors contributing to the formation of pores were refined. It was shown that large discontinuities are formed mainly in the overlapping area of the contouring and hatching zones at a distance of up to 2 mm from the sample surface. Selective formation of pores in the surface layer was not detected. It was found that, in the range of linear energy densities of the electron beam of 180–300 J/m, the minimum porosity is achieved within this range.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"772 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}