Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Estimating Calculation of the Displacement Current Density and Its Influence on Electromagnetic Processes in a Metallic Conductor with Alternating Conduction Current","authors":"M. I. Baranov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700364","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of an approximate calculation of the density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and an assessment of the influence of the density on electromagnetic processes in an isotropic nonmagnetic metal (alloy) of a continuous cylindrical conductor of finite dimensions (radius <i>r</i>₀ and length <i>l</i>₀ <span>( gg )</span> <i>r</i>₀) with an electric alternating (pulsed) axial conduction current <i>i</i>₀(<i>t</i>) with various amplitude–time parameters. The obtained theoretical data on the quantized (discrete) spatiotemporal distributions of standing longitudinal waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in this conductor allow one to conclude that electrodynamic calculations of variable (pulsed) electromagnetic processes occurring both in the conductor and in the electric circuit connected to it can ignore the influence of the longitudinal waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) itself in the conductor, and these quantities in practical field calculations can be neglected. It was determined that the waves (half-waves) of density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) of displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) itself preserve the solenoidality (closeness) of the total electric current <i>i</i>_<i>i</i>(<i>t</i>) = <i>i</i>₀(<i>t</i>) + <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in the conductor and its circuit. It was shown by calculation that the displacement current <i>i</i>_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) and its density δ_<i>s</i>(<i>t</i>) in the nonmagnetic metal (alloy) of the conductor do not suffer thermal (Joule) energy losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"781 - 791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Influence of Limited Volume on the Pulsation of a Vapor-Gas Cavity during a High-Voltage Electrical Explosion in a Liquid","authors":"A. P. Smirnov,&nbsp;O. V. Khvoshchan,&nbsp;T. D. Denisyuk","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700376","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700376","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of a limited volume on the hydrodynamic postdischarge processes during a high-voltage electric explosion (HVEE) and an explosion of a thin initiating conductor (ETIC) in a liquid is estimated, and the dynamics of a vapor-gas cavity (VGC) under those conditions is studied. Experimental studies have shown the advantage of the HVEE in comparison with the ETIC in terms of the energy contributed into the VGC expressed in an increase of the period of the VGC pulsation up to 55%. With the ETIC in a limited volume of the discharge chamber, the period of pulsation of the VGC decreases up to 7.5 times compared to the ETIC in an unlimited space under the same initial conditions. A method for calculating the quasi-static pressure during an electric explosion in a limited volume with limited geometric parameters was proposed. The correlation between the calculated quasi-static pressure and the amplitude of the generated first compression wave is mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"792 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Optical Properties of Thin Films of ZnIn2S4 (I, III) Polytypes","authors":"E. D. Arama,&nbsp;D. I. Ozol,&nbsp;V. A. Pintea,&nbsp;T. D. Shemyakova,&nbsp;N. A. Gasitoi","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700406","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological conditions were identified and thin layers of the ZnIn₂S₄ compound were obtained by vacuum deposition in a quasi-closed volume on non-orienting and orienting substrates made of various materials such as glass, fused quartz, glass-ceramic, transparent conducting SnO₂ layers on glass, copper and steel plates, and mica. Thin layers of one- and three-packet polytypic modifications of the ZnIn₂S₄ compound with the crystallite plane (0001) parallel to the substrate were obtained on glass substrates. The microstructure of the films obtained under different deposition modes was studied. The optical absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra were investigated. It was found that the layer parameters were close to those of single crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"814 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Monitoring of Isoproturon from Biochar Derived Controlled Released Formulations","authors":"Shiwang Pandey,&nbsp;Rahul Patwal,&nbsp;Diksha Palariya,&nbsp;Tanveer Irshad Siddiqui,&nbsp;M. G. H. Zaidi,&nbsp;Sameena Mehtab","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700340","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, controlled release formulations (CRF) were developed to gradually release isoproturon (IPU) herbicide (HB) into soil over a prolonged period. This technology has emerged as a promising solution to address concerns associated with conventional agrochemical use. For this purpose, CRF was derived from biochar (BC), called IPU (IBC) and IPU/bentonite/polyvinyl alcohol (IBPBC). Scanning electron microscopy studies showed a multi-phase surface morphology of IBC and IBPBC due to the uniform dispersion of IPU and other components within the BC matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated successful formation of IBC and IBPBC by binding IPU with the BC matrix. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the desired 2θ° values in the microstructures of BC, bentonite (BT), IPU, IBC, and IBPBC. The time-dependent release behavior of IPU from the IBC- and IBPBC-based CRF was investigated using square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. Both IBC and IBPBC showed controlled release of IPU with a good limit of detections over glassy carbon electrodes. IBC released 0.170% of IPU over 100 min, and IBPBC released 0.073% of IPU over 120 min. These results indicate that both IBC and IBPBC effectively release IPU in a controlled manner, providing gradual and sustained release within the specified time frames.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"761 - 771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Wave Fields in a Metal Melt under the Action of Magnetic-Pulse Loading and Discharge Current Pulses","authors":"V. M. Kosenkov,&nbsp;A. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700443","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on mathematical modeling, a study of the wave fields in molten aluminum formed by the action of a pulse, electric discharge and combined sources was carried out. A comparative analysis of their influence on the wave fields in the melt was performed. An increase in the intensity of the wave fields under the influence of a combined method of loading the melt was registered. The occurrence of cavitation in the melt under the influence of the considered sources of pressure pulses has been determined. The energy features of the action of pressure fields on the melt are noted. The influence of the mass of the melt on the pressure fields arising in it is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"838 - 843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon with Binary GexSi1 – x Compounds","authors":"N. F. Zikrillaev,&nbsp;K. S. Ayupov,&nbsp;N. Narkulov,&nbsp;F. E. Urakova,&nbsp;G. A. Kushiev,&nbsp;O. S. Nematov","doi":"10.3103/S106837552470039X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106837552470039X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the results of studies of the electrophysical, photoelectric, and magnetic properties of silicon samples doped by a diffusion of germanium impurity atoms. It has been shown that impurity germanium atoms form in silicon binary compounds of the Ge_<i>x</i>Si_{1 – <i>x</i>} type, the concentration of which varies with the depth of the original silicon. The developed diffusion technology of silicon doping with impurity germanium atoms made it possible to obtain a material with different concentrations of impurity germanium atoms, resistivity, and the type of conductivity. The optimal electrophysical parameters of the obtained samples for studying the electrophysical parameters and the magnetic properties were determined, which made it possible to show the possibilities of creating new types of sensors and devices for semiconductor electronics. The presented studies make it possible to develop respective directions in the field of materials science with magnetic properties and the creation of efficient photovoltaic cells for photo-energetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"806 - 813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porosity of Additive Manufacturing Products Obtained by Selective Electron Beam Melting","authors":"E. V. Krasnova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Morgunov,&nbsp;B. P. Saushkin,&nbsp;N. V. Khomyakova","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700352","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The porosity of the material of samples manufactured by selective electron beam melting from Ti–6Al–4V alloy powders was studied. The influence of parameters of the hatching mode on the porosity of the samples was investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography. The shapes and sizes of pores were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the technological factors contributing to the formation of pores were refined. It was shown that large discontinuities are formed mainly in the overlapping area of the contouring and hatching zones at a distance of up to 2 mm from the sample surface. Selective formation of pores in the surface layer was not detected. It was found that, in the range of linear energy densities of the electron beam of 180–300 J/m, the minimum porosity is achieved within this range.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"772 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Electrophysical Parameters of Nickel-Doped Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Z. T. Kenzhaev,&nbsp;Kh. M. Iliev,&nbsp;V. B. Odzhaev,&nbsp;G. Kh. Mavlonov,&nbsp;V. S. Prosolovich,&nbsp;E. Zh. Kosbergenov,&nbsp;B. K. Ismaylov,&nbsp;S. B. Isamov,&nbsp;Sh. Z. Ollambergenov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700467","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the studies of changes in the electro-physical parameters (<i>V</i>_oc, open circuit voltage; <i>I</i>_sc, short-circuit current density; τ, lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers) of photocells made on plates of monocrystalline silicon of the <i>p</i>-type conductivity with the specific resistance ρ 0.5 Ohm cm, doped with nickel, under irradiation with γ-quanta from ⁶⁰Co source are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of the solar energy conversion in nickel-doped photovoltaic cells remains higher than in standard cells up to irradiation doses of 10⁸ rad. It was established that radiation stability of electrophysical parameters of photovoltaic cells also increases with increasing diffusion temperature of nickel atoms. A decrease in the concentration of recombination-active radiation defects is due to the gettering by nickel atoms of technological (background) impurities and the action of nickel clusters as effluents for radiation-induced vacancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"851 - 856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Performance of Formaldehyde Detection Based on Fluorescent Material Carbon Quantum Dots-Cu Nanoparticles as Working Electrode","authors":"Ismaun Ismaun,&nbsp;Halmuniati Halmuniati,&nbsp;Balda Balda,&nbsp;Irwan Irwan,&nbsp;Zul Arham","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700339","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) incorporated with Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs), abbreviated as CQDs-CuNPs, were successfully synthesized by using a facile hydrothermal treatment of an economical approach. Furthermore, the nanocomposite CQDs-CuNPs were modified mechanically with graphene becoming Gr/CQDs-CuNPs, and then used as an electrode. The optical structural properties, morphology, crystal structure, and functional group of the CQDs have been studied by using several analytical techniques such as ultraviolet—visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray detection, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the Gr/CQDs-CuNPs electrode exhibits a sensitive electrochemical response to formaldehyde, with a linear current response to formaldehyde concentration in a wide concentration range. In addition, the Gr/CQDs-CuNPs electrode also showed significant catalytic activity towards formaldehyde reduction. This study also considers factors that influence the response of electrodes to formaldehyde, such as the pH of the electrolyte solution, the measurement rate, and the working potential. The results of this research have broad potential applications in formaldehyde detection in various fields, including environmental monitoring, food analysis, and detection of formaldehyde toxicity in consumer products. In addition, the Gr/CQDs-CuNPs electrode concept can be used as a basis for the development of more sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for various other organic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"752 - 760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospark Deposition of Hard, Wear-Resistant and Anti-Friction Coatings on γ-TiAl Substrates in a Controlled Gas Environment","authors":"E. I. Zamulaeva,&nbsp;K. A. Kuptsov,&nbsp;M. I. Petrzhik,&nbsp;S. K. Mukanov,&nbsp;P. A. Loginov,&nbsp;E. A. Levashov","doi":"10.3103/S1068375524700315","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375524700315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of hard, wear-resistant, and anti-friction Ti–Zr–Al-based coatings via electrospark deposition for the protection of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy using a Zr electrode in controlled gaseous environments was carried out. In the Ar atmosphere, a 50 µm thick coating based on β-Zr solid solution with low values of Young’s modulus (83 GPa) and of hardness (6.2 GPa) is formed. In C₂H₄, a coating with a β‑Zr_ss matrix, in which (Zr,Ti)C grains (20–400 nm) of the carbide phase and the Laves phase h-Zr₂Al are uniformly distributed, is formed, characterized by moderate hardness (10.6 GPa) and Young’s modulus (144 GPa) values. In the N₂ atmosphere, a bilayer coating based on (Ti,Zr)N grains with a TiAl matrix in the lower and TiAl₃ in the upper layer of the coating is formed. The upper layer is characterized by a higher content of (Ti,Zr)N grains, with the grain size being smaller than in the bottom layer. The coating has high wear resistance, a low friction coefficient (0.12), high hardness (14.6 GPa) and Young’s modulus (40 GPa). The thickness of the coatings deposited in C₂H₄ and N₂ atmospheres was 25–35 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"60 6","pages":"728 - 741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}