Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Practical Characteristics of Photosensors Based on Semiconductor–Electrolyte Contact","authors":"I. V. Demidenko","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020035","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The features of the deviation of the open circuit potential at the semiconductor–electrolyte contact where cadmium and zinc sulfides are used as semiconductor materials are considered. Models of equivalent electrical circuits that explain the observed phenomena are proposed. Some examples of devices designed on the basis of the research results are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"243 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4800874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Energy Storage Capacity of Surface Engineered Renewable Carbon Derived from Industrial Tea Waste by HNO3 and K2CO3","authors":"Gökçen Akgül,&nbsp;Kürşad Oğuz Oskay,&nbsp;Merve Buldu-Akturk,&nbsp;Ayşenur Karamustafa,&nbsp;Sözer Sözer,&nbsp;Tuğba Bolat Maden,&nbsp;Emre Erdem","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020084","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Direct electrical energy storage by supercapacitors is the leading energy storage technology. The performance of supercapacitors depends mainly upon the electrode material constituents. Carbon is the preferred energy storage material for its some main properties such as a large surface area, electrical conductivity, porosity, thermal stability, etc. Sustainable, green, renewable, low-cost and environmentally friendly carbon energy storage materials can be obtained from biomass. A larger surface area and tunable micro-porosity, which are the most important advantages, could be achieved by chemical activation of K₂CO₃ and HNO₃. In this work, the effect of K₂CO₃ and HNO₃ on the porosity and the electrochemical energy storage capacity of carbon derived from biomass made from the industrial tea waste were evaluated. A carbon material with a high performance of energy storage exhibiting 460 F g^–1, with a surface area of 1261 m² g^–1, could be developed by activation of K₂CO₃ in the 1 : 1 optimum ratio (w/w). The HNO₃ treatment also increased the capacitance but to a very low degree.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"199 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4802543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Manganese Atoms on the Magnetic Properties of Silicon","authors":"O. E. Sattarov,&nbsp;A. Mavlyanov,&nbsp;A. An","doi":"10.3103/S106837552302014X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106837552302014X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been shown that the state of manganese atoms in the silicon lattice can be controlled with a view to varying the state and pattern of the magnetoresistance of the material. The laws governing changes in the magnetoresistance of silicon with manganese atoms (single atoms and clusters) as a function of temperature, illumination, and electric field have been determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"216 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4800809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion of an Electrode during a High-Voltage Electric Discharge in a Liquid","authors":"A. P. Smirnov,&nbsp;O. V. Khvoshchan,&nbsp;V. G. Zhekul","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523020163","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523020163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the mass value of electrode (anode) erosion during a high-voltage electric discharge in a liquid. The obtained results made it possible to determine the influence of technological parameters and operating conditions of high-voltage electric discharge installations on the mass erosion of an anode. It is noted that a decrease in the value of the mass erosion of the anode is observed with an increase in the specific electrical conductivity of the working fluid and in the length of the interelectrode gap. The comparison of mass erosion of anodes made of copper, steel, and aluminum showed that, among them, the steel anode has the highest erosion resistance during an electric discharge in water. Based on the results of the performed experimental studies, an empirical technique was developed that allows one to estimate the mass erosion of the anode in a single electric discharge in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 2","pages":"116 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4805181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and Mechanism of Electroless Silver Deposition on a Polyurethane Substrate at Moderate to High Concentration of Metal Precursor and Reductant","authors":"Sasmita Mishra,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Nathsharma,&nbsp;Krushna Gopal Mishra,&nbsp;Raja Kishore Paramguru","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523010118","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523010118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical kinetics and mechanism of the electroless deposition of silver were studied in varying concentrations of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and [N₂H₄]—within moderate to high. The partial cathodic and anodic polarisation curves obtained from the steady state dual cell as well as under the potentiodynamic conditions were superimposed to generate the mixed potentials and the mixed currents. The real rate of silver deposition was determined gravimetrically and then compared with the mixed current obtained under the same bath conditions. The current values of mA/cm² obtained from the mass deposited in gravimetric study and those of the mixed current were close to each other. At moderate [Ag⁺] of 0.001 M and [N₂H₄] of 0.1 M, the position of the mixed potential was in the Tafel region of both cathodic and anodic polarization curves. The mechanism of the reaction was therefore indicated to be under a mixed control. At higher [Ag⁺] of 0.025 M and [N₂H₄] of 1 M, the mixed potential was located in the cathodic Tafel and anodic limiting current regions. The mechanism was therefore under the anodic diffusion control. The analysis of the partial polarization plots and the values of the mixed potential confirmed that irrespective of [Ag⁺] the cathodic reaction was under an activation control, and the anodic reaction was shifted from the activation to the diffusion control mechanism by varying moderate to high [N₂H₄]. The deposits were characterised by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to confirm that there was the formation of agglomerated Ag particles with crystal faces of (111), (200), and (311) planes and a uniform distribution of the nano spherical clusters of silver deposit. The agglomerated particles were of a relatively higher size in the electroless bath containing very high levels of [Ag⁺] and [N₂H₄] than when both ions were at a moderate level of concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"20 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4147454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Achievement of Superfilling Electroless Silver Deposition for Micrometer Trenches","authors":"Xu Wang,&nbsp;Weiwu Ma,&nbsp;Carlos Fernandez","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523010143","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523010143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electroless silver bottom-up filling has been designed and investigated by linear sweep voltammetry. It was found that the addition of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) had a good inhibitory effect on the electrode reaction. Experiments showed that PEG 4000 had a strong depressing action in electroless silver deposition. Specifically, when the PEG 4000 concentration was 1.0 mg/L, the plating rate of electroless silver decreased from 5.7 to 2.3 μm/h. The bottom-up silver fillings for different-sized trenches were achieved in an electroless plating bath with the addition of PEG 4000. The trenches analysis showed that all microtrenches with different widths were completely filled by electroless silver plating.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"15 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4147420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Etching of Cu98Be Alloy in Electrolyte Solutions","authors":"L. M. Egorova,&nbsp;V. I. Larin,&nbsp;V. V. Datsenko","doi":"10.3103/S1068375523010052","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375523010052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><h3>\u0000 <b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The process of chemical etching of Cu98Be alloy in solutions of various compositions was studied. The dilution rate of beryllium bronze in the solutions examined was determined, and its change with time was analyzed. The selectivity of Cu98Be components’ dissolution during the long-term etching in solutions with different electrolytes was established. A possibility of obtaining a Cu98Be uniform etching by varying the composition of the etching solution was shown. The concentrations of metal ions in the etching solutions used were determined, and the capacitance of those solutions was calculated. The compositions of solutions with a high capacity for both of the alloy components during long-term etching were determined. The optimal compositions of etching solutions ensuring the high-quality etching of beryllium bronze according to several criteria, such as a high process rate, uniform dissolution of the alloy components, and high capacity for both alloy components, were proposed. The morphology of the Cu98Be electrode surface after etching in solutions ensuring uniform dissolution for both alloy components was studied. The absence of surface passivation after chemical etching in those solutions was shown. The chemical nature of the compounds formed in the shape of small inclusions on the etched surface of the electrode was established. The obtained results are of great importance for the practical use because they allow selecting the appropriate composition of the etching solution, which, in turn, facilitates optimization of the technological etching process.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"7 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4148098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Electrohydrodynamic Flows on Intensification of Heat- and Mass-Transfer Processes: Part 3. Electroconvection and Electrohydrodynamic Pumps in the Cooling and Thermostating Systems","authors":"I. V. Kozhevnikov,&nbsp;M. K. Bologa,&nbsp;F. P. Grosu","doi":"10.3103/S106837552301009X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S106837552301009X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The efficiency of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) cooling and thermostating systems of electronic and electrical devices is investigated. A design of electroconvective cooling of an X-ray generator is proposed, the effectiveness of which is confirmed on laboratory models and full-scale samples. The anode temperature was reduced by a factor of two, the duration of the emitter operation increased, and the reliability of the device improved. Various methods of cooling a high-voltage transformer are presented allowing one to increase the specific power, to reduce the weight and size parameters and the temperature of the coolant, and to augment the resource. Studies have been conducted to establish the possibility of thermostating the heat-emitting element (block) by EHD methods when both external and internal conditions change. The design of an EHD thermostat with an automatic thermal stabilization system has been developed and tested (the temperature is maintained with an accuracy of ±0.05°С). A frame with an EHD liquid circuit and an EHD thermostat has been designed, which allows one to significantly reduce the longitudinal temperature differences and its deformation. The high efficiency of EHD cooling methods is shown by an example of a block of light-emitting diodes, small elements and components of electronic equipment, and the use of electrodes—wires with a perforated insulating coating when cooling flat heat-emitting surfaces; a sevenfold increase in the heat-transfer coefficient is achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"59 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4148070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Grain Size of Tungsten Carbide in the Anode Material VK8 on the Formation of Alloyed Steel Layer 35","authors":"A. A. Burkov,&nbsp;L. A. Konevtsov,&nbsp;M. I. Dvornik,&nbsp;N. M. Vlasova","doi":"10.3103/S1068375522060059","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375522060059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the grain size of tungsten carbide in tungsten-cobalt hard alloy, received as anode material for the electro-spark deposition (ESD) of steel 35, on its erosion resistance, on the weight gain of the substrate material, and on the coefficient of electro-mass transfer is studied. It is shown that a pressing charge with additives of 0.4% Cr₃C₂–0.4% VC grain growth inhibitors and grinding in alcohol and argon atmosphere at a grinding time of 20 to 320 min was used in the preparation of new anode materials with different structure, density, porosity, fracture strength, and grain size of tungsten carbide. The results of the erosion resistance and the use of the obtained new anode materials in the ESD of steel 35 are shown. When performing kinetic studies, a number of indicators of the efficiency of the formation of the doped layer were identified taking into account the obtained values of the of additional weight of the cathode, the time of the ESD, the specific surface area of 1 cm², and the coefficient of electro-mass transfer at the ESD of the studied anode materials. The results of the studies of the structure, thickness, composition of the doped layer, and of the heat resistance and wear resistance of the coating are shown. It was revealed that, among the created new anode materials, the best oxidation resistance of the coating after ESD with the selected processing modes were obtained using a new nanodispersed anode material WC8%Co–0.4%Cr₃C₂–0.4%VC, with an average grain size of 0.8 microns WC.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"58 6","pages":"567 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4052195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Voltage Degradation of Electrodes Caused by Electrochemical Injection in Liquid Dielectrics","authors":"A. I. Zhakin,&nbsp;A. E. Kuz’ko","doi":"10.3103/S1068375522060175","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068375522060175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of experimental studies on the electrode degradation caused by the electrochemical reactions under high voltage fields are presented. Technical hydrocarbon and polymethylsiloxane (PMS) liquids and their solutions with iodine (I₂) at chemically active (Cu) and indifferent (Ti) electrodes were examined. It was shown that, in hydrocarbon Cu, electrodes interact intensively with I₂ and, moreover, the cathodic degradation is more intense than that of anodic. Titanium electrodes do not degrade; however, the I₂ physical adsorption occurs in hydrocarbons on them and the polymer film forms on them in the PMS. The degradation kinetics in time was studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":782,"journal":{"name":"Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry","volume":"58 6","pages":"625 - 637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5173361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}