Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis: applications in the livestock and poultry industry in recent years.","authors":"Xin Zhang, Ji Cao, Shizhe Han, Zhilin Liu, Zelin Jia, Jiayu Cui, Yuhang Zhang, Huisheng Xiong, Xueli Wang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics, as an alternative to antibiotics, are one of the better choices for ensuring product quality and food safety. Bacillus subtilis is often used in different forms, such as powder, granule, and liquid, in the livestock and poultry industry to produce feed food additives and other products due to its advantages of high stability, low pathogenicity, high protein secretion capacity, and developed fermentation technology. This article reviews the biological characteristics, physiological functions, and effects on livestock and poultry production, as well as their mechanisms of action, to enhance the positive impact of the rational use of Bacillus subtilis as an additive in animal husbandry, such as feed and livestock food. In addition, this article also evaluates the potential of Bacillus subtilis in improving the adverse effects of livestock and agricultural cultivation on the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluate feeding effects of pelletized total mixed ration on Hu sheep: growth, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial community.","authors":"Chuankai Zhang, Xiaohui Kong, Peijun Hou, Tong Fu, Tengyun Gao, Huaijun Zheng, Wenqing Li, Liyang Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to compare the growth performance, rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial community of fattening Hu sheep fed either total mixed ration (TMR) or pelleted total mixed ration (PTMR), and to assess the feeding efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 58-day feeding experiment, forty-eight Hu sheep were randomly assigned to two groups (TMR and PTMR), with six pens per group and four sheep per pen. Body weight and feed intake were measured throughout the experiment to assess growth performance. On the final day of the experiment, rumen fluid was collected from sheep using a rumen fluid collector two hours post-feeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sheep in the PTMR group exhibited significantly higher body weight (p<0.05), average daily gain (p<0.01), and dry matter intake (p<0.05) compared to those in the TMR group. No statistically significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters between the TMR and PTMR groups. However, analysis of rumen bacteria revealed that the Sob, Ace, Bootstrap, Shannon, and Chao indices were significantly lower in the PTMR group compared to TMR group (p<0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant bacteria in all groups, with the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 was significantly lower in the PTMR group. The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, and Streptococcus, was significantly higher in the TMR group than in the PTMR group (p<0.05). Bacterial function prediction showed downregulation of energy production and conversion pathway in the PTMR group (p<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that norank_f_Bacteroidales_RF16 positively correlated with butyric acid (p<0.05), while Anaerovibrio negatively correlated with acetic, propionic acids, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acids (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study demonstrated that PTMR, while reducing rumen bacterial abundance in Hu sheep, significantly increased their average daily gain and dry matter intake, indicating its potential for practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of IL-1β gene expression and its function of defense mechanism in rumen epithelial cells from pre- and postweaning calves.","authors":"Huseong Lee, Naoto Sugiyama, Koki Nishihara, Minji Kim, Satoshi Haga, Sanggun Roh","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) gene expression regulation and its function of defense mechanism in rumen epithelial cells of calves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rumen tissues from six Holstein male calves were sampled at pre- (5 weeks of age, n = 3) and post-weaning (9 weeks of age, n = 3). IL-1β localization was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Primary bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) were treated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), lactic acid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and flagellin, and IL-1β gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Additionally, bovine IL-1β-treated BRECs were assessed for cell proliferation, tight junction (TJ) protein expression, and chemokine mRNA expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IHC revealed IL-1β expression across all rumen epithelial layers. SCFAs, LPS, and flagellin significantly increased IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Regarding the gene expression of rumen TJ proteins, CLDN4 and OCLN in suckling and weaned calves, as well as ZO-1 in weaned calves, showed significant decreases (P < 0.05), while CLDN1 in weaned calves showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in IL-1β-treated BRECs. Regarding the gene expression of chemokines, the CCL2 expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the CCL5 expression significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both suckling and weaned IL-1β treated BRECs. IL-1β treatment enhanced cell proliferation (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that IL-1β induction by SCFAs, LPS, and flagellin, which increase in the rumen due to environmental changes, promotes cell proliferation in damaged rumen epithelium and contributes to its defense mechanism by upregulating CCL5 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine promotes bovine AD-MSCs proliferation and differentiation via Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway for cultured meat production.","authors":"Sajida Naseem, Mei-Fu Xuan, Huan Hua, Sungkwon Park, Abid Manzoor, Hailong Teng, Huaina Jin, Xiangzi Li, Qiang Li","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traditional meat production is insufficient to meet the increasing protein requirements; necessitating cultured meat, which is safe, worthwhile, and scalable. Fat is crucial for making cultured meat more acceptable to consumers by enhancing flavour and providing a natural appearance. Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue are a promising source for this purpose, but in vitro expansion of cells decreases their proliferation ability and increases cellular senescence. The objective of this study was to improve the proliferation and differentiation abilities of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, vitamin C (VC) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antioxidants were used to treat AD-MSCs from Yanbian cattle testicles. CCK8, EdU staining, RT-qPCR, and western blot were used to test the cell viability and proliferation ability of AD-MSCs, ORO staining, triglycerides assay, and adipogenic specific markers expression were determined to analyse the adipogenic differentiation ability. Furthermore, oxidative stress parameters and activation of the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway were also studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that VC and NAC both increased proliferation and differentiation ability of AD-MSCs by increasing the expression of cell cycle regulatory and differentiation genes and proteins expression, and decreasing the expression of cell cycle inhibitory factors, and up-regulating stemness markers expression, while co-treatment showed enhanced effect. Oxidative stress was reduced by decreased ROS production, malondialdehyde content, and enhanced glutathione activity, as well as declined cellular senescence. Subsequently, the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway was activated by VC and VC+NAC treatment in AD-MSCs, while NAC only activates Akt expression, indicating its role in controlled cell growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research concludes that NAC (2 mM) and VC (200 μM) improved the proliferation, differentiation potential, and stemness by decreasing oxidative stress and senescence, parallelly activating Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway, while combined treatment (NAC+VC) enhanced these effects, providing bases for their utilisation to culture fat in cultivated meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking intestinal microbes and the immune system as opportunities to maintain the intestinal health of piglets.","authors":"Xiaohong Hou, Yue Chen, Fengming Chen, Kang Xu, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous commensal microbes colonize in the pig gut, while the microbiota gets benefits from the gut environment, it additionally assists significantly with the host's development, metabolism, and immunity. The immune system can regulate the homeostasis of gut microorganisms by secreting a variety of effector factors. Similarly, gut microorganisms can also regulate the intestinal immune system via specific components or metabolites. Despite their close relationship, microbes and immune cells have their own individual ecological niche in the gut. Microbes are confined to the intestinal lumen, while immune cells are located in the intestinal tissues, and the mechanisms of how they interact with each other to promote intestinal health have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This article focuses on the different mechanisms by the interaction between intestinal immune system, gut microorganisms and microbial metabolites to regulate the intestinal health of piglets, and discusses the strategies to enhance the intestinal health of piglets through dietary interventions in order to provide theoretical support promoting the healthy growth of piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acid supplementation levels on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal sore and metabolites in nursery pigs.","authors":"Chan Ho Kwon, Jannell A Torres, Madison J Mejia, Eva S Safaie, Joseph G Usack, Young Dal Jang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of increasing medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) supplementation levels on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal score, and metabolites in nursery pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 newly weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.68 ± 0.97 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in 5 replicates, with 4 pigs per pen for a 28-d feeding trial. Treatments were MCFA supplementation levels at 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6%. The 2% soybean oil in the basal diet was replaced with MCFA (a 50:50 blend of free caproic and caprylic acids) on a weight-to-weight basis. Growth performance, fecal score, blood, and fecal characteristics were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing MCFA supplementation levels tended to linearly increase the final body weight (p=0.06) and average daily gain in the overall period (p=0.06), with no difference in overall average daily feed intake. The gain-to-feed ratio increased linearly in d 7-14 (p=0.06, tendency) and 14-21 postweaning (p<0.05). Fecal score linearly decreased in d 0-7, 7-14, and 14-21 (p<0.05) postweaning, resulting in a linear reduction in the overall period (p<0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde levels at d 28 postweaning showed a quadratic decrease with increasing MCFA levels with the lowest value at 0.8% (p<0.05). Plasma free fatty acid levels at d 14 postweaning linearly decreased with increasing MCFA supplementation levels (p<0.05). Fecal total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations tended to be lower (p=0.09, tendency) in the MCFA treatments (0.4-1.6%) than the control treatment (0.0%). There were no differences in plasma superoxide dismutase activity and fecal ammonia concentrations among dietary treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing MCFA supplementation levels up to 1.6% could improve growth rate, feed efficiency, and fecal consistency without affecting feed intake and have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and free fatty acid levels in weaning pigs, while fecal SCFA concentrations could be slightly reduced by MCFA supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on growth performance, blood vitamin D and antioxidant status in nursery pigs.","authors":"Chan Ho Kwon, Eva S Safaie, Savannah L Locke, Jannell A Torres, Zhaohui Yang, Xi Chen, Young Dal Jang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) supplementation on growth performance, blood 25-OHD3 level, and antioxidant parameters in nursery pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 48 newly weaned piglets (5.27 ± 1.42 kg initial body weight) were allotted to 3 treatments in 4 replicates with 4 pigs per pen for a 28-d feeding trial in two phases for d 0-14 (Phase 1) and d 14-28 (Phase 2) postweaning with basal diets without supplemental vitamin D3 (VD3). Treatments were: 1) basal diet + 2,000 IU/kg VD3 supplementation, 2) basal diet + 1,000 IU/kg 25-OHD3 supplementation, and 3) basal diet + 2,000 IU/kg 25-OHD3 supplementation. Growth performance, plasma 25-OHD3 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in growth performance among dietary treatments until d 21 postweaning. Dietary 25-OHD3 supplementation increased feed intake (p<0.07) and growth rate (p<0.05) greater than the VD3 treatment in d 21-28 and d 14-28 postweaning, resulting in a greater growth rate in the overall period (p = 0.10). Increasing levels of 25-OHD3 supplementation resulted in greater plasma 25-OHD3 concentrations at d 14 and 28 postweaning (p<0.05), while decreasing plasma MDA levels at d 28 postweaning (p<0.05) with no differences in plasma superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. In the broken-line analysis, the estimated plasma 25-OHD3 concentration for plasma MDA concentration to reach the minimum level was 23.7 ng/mL (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing 25-OHD3 in nursery diets increased blood vitamin D status and had potential to enhance feed intake and growth rate in the late nursery period, while reducing oxidative stress compared with VD3 supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sodium alginate active films containing different lotus rhizome root powders on physicochemical properties and shelf-life of pork patties.","authors":"Zhuang Zhuang Qiu, Koo Bok Chin","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was done to investigate the film properties and antioxidant activities of sodium alginate films (SAFs) added with different levels (0.5, 1, and 2%) of oven-dried (100C) lotus rhizome root powder (ODLRRP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After pork patties were wrapped with different SAFs, the physiochemical properties and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pork patties were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAFs containing ODLRRP decreased the pH, lightness, and equilibrium water content but increased the redness, yellowness, transparency, moisture content, and antioxidant activities. SAFs containing ODLRRP increased the color values, but lightness, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), microbial counts, and water content decreased. In pork patties wrapped with SAFs containing ODLRRP at levels greater than 1% ODLRRP, the lightness, volatile basic nitrogen, and total bacterial counts decreased, whereas yellowness increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicated that pork patties wrapped with SAFs containing more than 1% ODLRRP could inhibit microbial growth and reduce protein denaturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inhibiting prolactin secretion on secondary hair follicle development in cashmere goats.","authors":"Chunhui Duan, Xuejiao Yin, Kexing Hao, Lechao Zhang, Yuchun Xie, Xueru Li, Yueqin Liu, Yingjie Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of inhibiting prolactin (PRL) secretion on secondary hair follicle (SHF) development in cashmere goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 cashmere goats were randomly assigned to either a bromocriptine (PRL inhibitor, BCT, 0.06 mg/kg BW) treatment (BCT+) or a control (BCT-) group. Blood and skin samples were collected monthly in telogen, and cashmere samples were collected after the cashmere grew. Furthermore, the dermal papilla cells (DPCs) were isolated from SHF and cultured with PRL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the percentage of active SHF in telogen was decreased (p < 0.05) in the BCT+ group. The inhibition of PRL secretion reduced (p < 0.05) the serum PRL concentration, and the expression of the PRL, SPRLR, Kit, and Fos genes. Transcriptome analysis of skin tissues identified differentially expressed genes. The results of the in vitro experiment indicated that 150 ng/mL PRL promoted (p < 0.05) the proliferation and migration of DPCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Kit gene mediates PRL's regulation of the activation of SHF by stimulating the activation of Fos. It demonstrated that inhibiting PRL secretion in telogen could reduce the number of activated SHF and hair bulb widths.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression involved in fetal myogenesis of Min pig.","authors":"Xinhua Hou, Naiqi Niu, Xin Liu, Ligang Wang, Lixian Wang, Longchao Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chinese fat-type pig breeds possess good meat quality, but their growth rate and lean meat percentage are not dominant. Investigating the dynamic transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle development could help improve meat yield in these breeds. However, little is known about chromatin accessibility and its association with gene expression during prenatal skeletal muscle development in these pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ATAC-seq and RNA-seq were performed to profile chromatin accessibility and transcriptome in skeletal muscle at 45, 70, and 100 days post-coitus (E45, E75, and E100) from two male and two female full-sib fetuses of Min pig.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that the majority of ATAC-seq peak signals were located within 3 kb of transcription start sites. Notably, a greater number of genes associated with differential peaks were observed in the E100 vs. E45 comparison, relative to the E70 vs. E45 and E100 vs. E75 comparisons. This finding was consistent with the RNA-seq data, where the E100 vs. E45 comparison also exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the RNA-seq data demonstrated that genes involved in skeletal muscle contraction, muscle fiber development, and energy metabolism were up-regulated during fetal development, while those associated with cell cycle regulation and proliferation were down-regulated. Integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data identified a few differentially expressed genes associated with chromatin accessibility, with the overlapping genes primarily related to cell proliferation in the early fetal stage and metabolism in later stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fetal skeletal muscle development in Chinese indigenous pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}