Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Ruminal methanogen abundance and associated physiological characteristics in Japanese Black-Holstein F1 calves.","authors":"Huseong Lee, Yuta Suetomi, Satoshi Haga, Sanggun Roh","doi":"10.5713/ab.260205","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated associations among ruminal total methanogen abundance, rumen microbiota, fermentation characteristics, feed intake, growth performance, and blood biochemical parameters in Japanese Black-Holstein F1 calves during early life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three male Japanese Black-Holstein F1 calves were raised as a single cohort under identical feeding conditions from one to nine weeks old. All calves were fed the same milk replacer until weaning and had ad libitum access to starter and hay throughout the trial. Based on ruminal total methanogen abundance measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at the end of the experiment, calves in the upper and lower quartiles were retrospectively classified as high- and low-methanogen groups, respectively (n = 6 per group). Rumen microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Growth performance, feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and rumen microbial profiles were compared between groups, and correlations with total methanogen abundance were assessed using all calves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total methanogen abundance was higher in the high-methanogen group compared to the low-methanogen group (6.56 vs. 5.53 log copy number/ng DNA; p<0.001). Average daily gain did not differ between groups (0.64 vs. 0.69 kg/d). Starter intake was higher in the high-methanogen group at 6 weeks (p<0.05) and was positively correlated with total methanogen abundance (r = 0.42; p<0.05). Molar percentage of ruminal propionate was higher in the low-methanogen group (28.59% vs. 20.58%; p<0.05). Methanobrevibacter was enriched in the high-methanogen group (p<0.05), whereas Prevotella (p<0.01), Succinivibrio (p<0.05), and Selenomonas (p<0.05) were enriched in the low-methanogen group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that ruminal total methanogen abundance during early life is related with distinct rumen fermentation patterns and microbial signatures, highlighting potential microbial and nutritional factors linked to methanogen abundance in calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of Hanwoo oviduct epithelial cell line for heat stress study.","authors":"Ismail Shaleh, Sung Woo Kim, Tae Sub Park, Joonghoon Park","doi":"10.5713/ab.250962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.250962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Heat-induced stress (HS) amid global warming compromise cattle reproductive performance causing economic loss including the vulnerable Korean native beef cattle, Hanwoo. Nevertheless, knowledge of response and effect in cattle oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) under HS remains lacking due to restricted commercial cell line and multi-omics data available. This research attempts to develop immortalized OEC derived from Hanwoo cattle as HS cell culture model and to investigate its HS-specific response by utilizing biomarkers comprising transcriptomic and proteomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary OEC was isolated from fresh Hanwoo oviduct and immortalized by using piggyBac transposon-mediated SV40T expression system. HS optimization was performed by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers under varied HS and recovery time (4, 12, and 24 h). Optimized period was applied to generate differentially expressed genes (DEG) and protein (DEP) analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immortalized OEC was successfully developed with high CDH1 positivity (98.2%) sorting. Increased intracellular ROS was detected at 4 h HS followed by rapid substantial upregulation of HSP70 and BiP protein and delayed upregulation of oxidative stress genes (SOD1, CAT, GPX1) peaked at 24 h HS period. In total, 510 DEG (fold change ≥|2|) and 258 DEP (fold change ≥|1.5|) were significantly altered under 24 h HS condition. Furthermore, GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEG-DEP list revealed upregulation processes related to oxidative-thermal stress and protein folding. Other altered processes involve immune response, cellular senescence, response to starvation, and extracellular matrix structures as enriched terms suggesting possible hindering effects to OEC reproductive role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The immortalized OEC provides a stable system to evaluate HS response in cattle oviducts. Transcriptomic and proteomic data from this study offer valuable resources for targeted molecular approach to attenuate detrimental HS effect in cattle reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and prediction of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of wheat shorts for pullets during the brooding and growing phases.","authors":"Chong Chen, Shiqian Liu, Kaiyue Ren, Liang Zhao, Tong Xing, Liren Ding, Feng Gao, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.260107","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of ten wheat shorts (WS) originating from different regions by determining their standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (SID AA) in pullets during the brooding (d 28-31) and growing (d 92-95) phases, and to establish SID AA prediction equations based on their chemical composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 990 pullets were used, with 594 in the brooding phase and 396 in the growing phase. In each phase, birds were randomly assigned to one of 11 dietary treatments, including one nitrogen-free diet and ten test diets each formulated with an individual WS sample as the sole protein source. All diets contained 0.5% titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial variation (CV>10%) was observed in ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber, and total starch (TS) among the WS samples. During the brooding phase, SID was lowest for cysteine (74.10%) and highest for glutamic acid (90.06%). During the growing phase, cysteine was again lowest (70.33%) and glutamic acid highest (90.22%). Except for tryptophan, the WS source significantly affected SID AA (p<0.05). In the brooding phase, ADF, TS, and gross energy (GE) were identified as significant predictors of SID AA. Similarly, ADF and GE were reliable predictors in the growing phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considerable variation was observed in the chemical composition of WS from different origins, and the origin had a significant effect on SID AA. During the brooding phase, the equation with the highest R2 was SID Met = 51.929+1.015TS-0.494NDF (R2 = 0.976; p<0.001). During the growing phase, the equation with the highest R² was SID His = -511.489-2.095ADF+23.722GE+1.652NFE (R² = 0.900; p<0.001).</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that glutamine promotes chicken primordial germ cell‑like cell specification potentially through α-ketoglutarate.","authors":"Qingqing Geng, Lei Zhang, Zhe Wang, Kunyu Liang, Fufu Cheng, Jing Chen, Yifan Xi, Xinyue Jiao, Junqiang Hou, Farooq Mazhar, Sheng Cui, Yani Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.260260","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for germline transmission and preservation of genetic resources in poultry. Despite identification of several genes and signaling pathways involved in PGC specification, the upstream regulatory mechanisms, including metabolic regulation and epigenetic modification, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic landscape underlying chicken PGC development and to identify key metabolic regulators involved in BMP4-induced specification of primordial germ cell‑like cells (PGCLCs) in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed to examine metabolic profiles and gene expression patterns between chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and PGCs. Differential metabolites and metabolism-related genes were identified through integrated multi-omics analysis. Functional experiments, including glutamine deprivation and metabolite supplementation, were conducted to verify the role of glutamine metabolism in PGCLC specification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 194 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, mainly enriched in amino acid, nucleotide, energy metabolism, and antioxidant pathways. Compared with ESC, PGC contained elevated levels of amino acids, peptides, and benzoic acid derivatives, while carbohydrates were more abundant in ESC. Transcriptomic analysis of 14,405 annotated genes revealed similar metabolic gene expression patterns in male and female samples. Integrated analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, particularly glutamine metabolism, is crucial in PGC formation. Glutamine deprivation significantly inhibited PGCLC specification, disrupted the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and altered H3K4me2 epigenetic modification. Supplementation with the glutamine-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) markedly restored the reduced efficiency of PGCLC specification caused by glutamine depletion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glutamine promotes the specification of chicken PGCLC and correlates with alterations in cellular metabolism and increased H3K4me2 levels during differentiation. These findings suggest a potential association between glutamine metabolism, α-KG, and epigenetic regulation in germ cell development, providing new insights into the metabolic basis of PGC formation and a foundation for improving PGC culture and expansion in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanisms of lncBMP4 mediating BMP4 promoter activity to regulate the proliferation of dermal papilla cells in Hu sheep.","authors":"Hui Zhou, Shanhe Wang, Rui Su, Yuxuan Song, Xiyun Zhang, Xiaoyang Lv, Wei Sun","doi":"10.5713/ab.250991","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.250991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are the regulatory center of hair follicle (HF) development, and their proliferation is critical in HF growth studies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to regulate the HF growth cycle. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA regulates HF formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on previous RNA sequencing results, this study identified differentially expressed lncRNA-lncBMP4 in Hu sheep skin tissues with distinct patterns. The lncBMP4 was characterized by using nuclear-cytoplasmic localization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Its effect on DPCs proliferation was validated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, CCK-8, and EdU assays. Subsequently, we further investigated the regulatory role of lncBMP4 on BMP4 using a Dual Luciferase Assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found that lncBMP4 is primarily localized in the cell nucleus and can inhibit the proliferation of Hu sheep DPCs. It acts by modulating the BMP4 promoter activity, which influences BMP4 expression and, consequently, the proliferation of Hu sheep DPCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study elucidates the role and molecular mechanism of lncBMP4 in the pattern development of Hu sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"250991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive performance and its risk factors in Hanwoo cattle: a large-scale field study.","authors":"Hyun-Gu Kang, Jae-Kwan Jeong, Ill-Hwa Kim","doi":"10.5713/ab.260249","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify factors affecting reproductive performance in Hanwoo cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,656 artificial insemination (AI) records were analyzed to evaluate factors associated with pregnancy per AI, pregnancy loss, the number of inseminations per conception, and the time to pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The probability of pregnancy per AI was lower in cattle inseminated during spring than in those inseminated during winter, and lower in heifers than in cows. In contrast, pregnancy probability was higher in cattle with synchronization protocols including PGF2α-GnRH, modified Double-Ovsynch, and modified Presynch-Ovsynch, compared with insemination after detected estrus. The risk of early pregnancy loss between 31 and 59 days of gestation was higher following the first insemination than after the second, while the risk of late pregnancy loss between 60 and 260 days was higher in heifers than in cows. The number of inseminations per conception was higher in heifers and in cattle experiencing early or late pregnancy loss. The implementation of modified Double-Ovsynch and modified Presynch-Ovsynch during the first insemination was associated with fewer inseminations compared to AI after detected estrus. The probability of pregnancy by 360 days postpartum was reduced in cows with intervals from calving to first insemination of 61 to 80 days or 81 days or more, compared with those inseminated within 60 days, as well as in cows that experienced early or late pregnancy loss. Conversely, the likelihood was higher in cows that calved during spring than those that calved during winter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heifer status, insemination during spring, and pregnancy loss adversely affected reproductive performance in Hanwoo cattle. In contrast, the use of synchronization protocols, earlier postpartum insemination, and spring calving were associated with improved reproductive outcomes. These findings support the necessity for targeted interventions to improve reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13547611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple pomace addition improves fermentation quality, nutritive value and bacterial community succession of alfalfa silage.","authors":"Wei Wang, Minglu Zuo, Xiao Xiao, Le Wang, Jiayi Han, Siran Wang, Tianrong Zhou","doi":"10.5713/ab.260566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of apple pomace addition on the nutritional composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community succession of alfalfa silage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Alfalfa (357 g/kg fresh weight (FW)) was harvested at the early flowering stage and ensiled with no apple pomace (CK), 5%FW apple pomace (AL), and 10%FW apple pomace (AH) for 60 days at room temperature (23±1℃). The nutritional composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AH significantly improved silage quality compared with CK, evidenced by higher (P<0.05) lactic acid (28.41 vs. 15.24 g/kg DM), acetic acid (6.8 vs. 2.3 g/kg DM), dry matter (498 vs. 358 g/kg FM), crude protein (193 vs. 154 g/kg DM), and water-soluble carbohydrates (57.7 vs. 45.1 g/kg DM), and lower (P<0.05) pH (3.75 vs. 4.81) and ammonia nitrogen (38.4 vs. 69.8 g/kg TN). At the phylum level, Pseudomonadota (35.94%) and Bacillota (64.06%) dominated CK, whereas apple pomace supplementation increased Bacillota to 87.78% and decreased Pseudomonadota to 3.93%. At the genus level, apple pomace boosted Weissella, Lactiplantibacillus, and Bacillus. AL was dominated by Weissella (42.65%) and Bacillus (95.91%), while AH was predominantly colonized by Weissella (38.89%), Lactiplantibacillus (20.04%), Levilactobacillus (10.53%), and Lacticaseibacillus (8.79%), forming a more diverse lactic acid bacteria consortium. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lactiplantibacillus and Weissella were positively correlated (P<0.05) with lactic acid and nutritional parameters, and negatively correlated (P<0.05) with pH. Functional profiling indicated that apple pomace reshaped metabolic functions and upregulated enzymes related to carbohydrate degradation, energy metabolism, and substrate transport, promoting lactic acid accumulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Apple pomace enhanced fermentation performance and nutrient retention in alfalfa silage, and a 10% inclusion rate is recommended for practical production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host genetic and gut microbiota interactions regulating intramuscular fat deposition in livestock: mechanistic insights and implications for meat quality.","authors":"Ifeanyi Solomon Ahamba, Naqash Goswami, Lionel Kinkpe, Haodong Han, Chinyere Mary-Cynthia Ikele, Qianting Duan, Ogechi Kadurumba, Xianggui Dong, Zhanjun Ren","doi":"10.5713/ab.260478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a major determinant of meat quality, influencing tenderness, juiciness, flavor, oxidative stability, and nutritional value in livestock products. Increasing evidence indicates that IMF deposition is regulated by complex interactions between host genetics and gut microbial metabolism. This review summarizes current advances in the molecular and metabolic mechanisms linking host genetics and gut microbiota to IMF accumulation and meat quality traits. At the host level, IMF deposition is regulated by coordinated adipogenic networks involving PPARγ-C/EBPα signaling, lipogenic regulators, nutrient-sensitive pathways, and epigenetic modifications that control adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage. In parallel, the gut microbiota acts as an important metabolic regulator by producing bioactive metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, which influence adipogenesis, inflammation, nutrient partitioning, and metabolic flexibility. Emerging evidence further demonstrates that microbial metabolites can modulate host transcriptional and epigenetic programs, thereby linking microbial activity with tissue-specific lipid metabolism. Integrative multi-omics approaches are increasingly revealing the mechanistic basis of host-microbiome interactions underlying variation in carcass composition and meat quality across livestock species. This review further highlights the translational potential of precision nutrition, microbiome modulation, and microbiome-informed breeding strategies for sustainable meat production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idebenone improves post-thaw motility and mitochondrial function of buck sperm.","authors":"Min Jung Kim, Seungjun Lee, Ahmad Yar Qamar, Jaeuk Cho, Minwoo Sin, Chanjin Woo, Inhwan You, Muhammad Bilal, Yunju Ha, Seeun Kim, Sang-Hee Lee, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.5713/ab.260339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was performed to evaluate the effects of idebenone (ID) supplemented freezing extender on the post-thaw quality of buck sperm, with particular focus on sperm kinematic parameters, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial function, and antioxidant-related gene expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semen samples collected from five sexually active bucks were diluted in freezing extender supplemented with different concentrations of ID (0, 1, 5, and 10 μM). Post-thaw sperm kinematic parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), whereas sperm viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and mitochondrial membrane integrity were assessed by flow cytometry using SYBR-14/DRAQ7, FITC-PNA/DRAQ7, MitoTracker Green/DRAQ7, and Rhodamine 123/DRAQ7 staining, respectively. Relative mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by real-time PCR using β-actin as a reference gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the tested concentrations, the ID5 group showed improved total and progressive motility compared with the control group. Based on these findings, ID5 was selected as optimal concentration for cryoprocessing and used for further functional evaluation. Sperm viability was not significantly different between the control and ID5 groups. In contrast, sperm acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial activity were significantly improved in the ID5 group compared with the control. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was not significantly different between the control and ID5 groups. In gene expression analysis, GPX expression was significantly lower in the ID5 group, whereas SOD2 expression was not significantly changed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that freezing extender supplemented with optimum level of ID (5 µM) can improve the post-thaw quality of buck sperm. The beneficial effects of ID5 appear to be associated with improved motility, acrosomal status, and mitochondrial function, indicating its potential as a useful additive for buck sperm cryoprocessing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate in Supplemental Feed on Lactation Performance of Grazing Yak Cows.","authors":"Yuhong Bao, Zhenyu Zhu, Jia Zhou, Ke Feng, Ali Mujtaba Shah, Lizhuang Hao, Yangci Liao","doi":"10.5713/ab.260356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Yak milk serves as crucial source of dairy products for pastoralists on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This study investigated the effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) in supplemental feed on lactation performance, milk composition, serum biochemical parameters, and free amino acid profiles in grazing yaks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven late-lactation Niangya yaks (2.33±0.68 parity; 164.85±9.58 days in milk; 239.50±36.37 kg BW) were randomly assigned to three groups (n=9). Yaks grazed naturally by day and were penned individually at night to receive a 1% BW supplement: Control, NCG1 (7.5 g/d), or NCG2 (15 g/d). Following a 7-day adaptation, the experimental trial lasted 60 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that NCG supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) milk yield compared with the control group. On day 60, the NCG1 group had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk fat percentage than both the control and NCG2 groups. On day 30, the NCG1 group exhibited significantly elevated (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of arginine, alanine, and valine relative to the control group, along with higher (P < 0.05) valine, isoleucine, and leucine levels compared to the NCG2 group. Both the NCG1 and NCG2 groups had increased (P < 0.05) levels of serum alanine compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, milk yield increased linearly with NCG dosage and was highest at 15 g/d, whereas milk fat percentage exhibited a quadratic response, peaking at 7.5 g/d. This suggests that moderate NCG supplementation (7.5 g/d) optimally promotes milk fat synthesis, while a higher dose (15 g/d) further enhances milk volume without conferring additional benefits on fat content. The dose‑specific responses point to a potential dissociation between pathways regulating mammary lipogenesis and amino acid‑driven lactogenic signaling; nevertheless, these mechanistic hypotheses require direct experimental confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}