Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Milk profiles of selenoamino acids, selenoenzymes, and selenoproteins of peripartal dairy cows fed with different selenium sources.","authors":"Xiaoyu Ji, Xuejuan Deng, Ning Liu, Jianping Wang","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0571","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary nanoselenium (nanoSe) and sodium selenite (SS) on the concentrations of selenoamino acids, the activities of selenoenzymes, and the mRNA expressions of selenoproteins in the milk of peripartal dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three diets included a control (basal diet) with background selenium at 0.06 mg/kg and treatments with either SS or nanoSe added at the same selenium concentration of 1.00 mg/kg of diet. A total of 45 dairy cows were randomly allocated to three groups. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days from prenatal 21 days to postnatal 21 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NanoSe increased (p<0.05) milk yield compared to the control and SS. In milk, both SS and nanoSe increased (p<0.05) the concentrations of selenium, selenocysteine, and selenomethionine, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase 4, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and iodothyronine deiodinases (type 2 and 3). The nanoSe showed higher (p<0.05) effects on these parameters than SS. Also, dietary nanoSe upregulated (p<0.05) the mRNA expressions of selenoproteins P, W, S, F, M, N, K, O, H, and I in milk compared to the control. For most selenoproteins, there was no difference between SS and nanoSe, only selenoprotein K was higher (p<0.05) in nanoSe than in SS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, dietary nanoSe increased milk yield, milk selenoamino acids and selenoproteins in peripartal dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1175-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal dynamics of plasma bile acids and their associations with physiological parameters and fecal microbiome during the transition period in dairy cows.","authors":"Feixiang Fan, Liang Chen, Huizeng Sun, Jianxin Liu, Kailun Yang, Fengfei Gu","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0628","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes of plasma bile acids (BA) and their correlations with physiological parameters and fecal microbiome in transitional dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty multiparous dairy cows were selected, the blood and fecal samples were collected on d -21, -7, +7, and +21 of calving. The targeted metabolome and 16s rDNA ampicon sequencing were utilized to identify BA profiles and fecal microbial composition, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 BAs were found, comprising 9 primary BAs (PBA) and 23 secondary BAs (SBA). Majority of the PBAs (7 out to 9) and SBAs (15 out to 23) exhibited significant increases postpartum compared to prepartum levels. Notably, ursodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid showed higher importance. Correlation analysis showed the BAs concentrations positively correlated with the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase, while exhibiting substantial negative correlation with triglyceride concentrations. A decline in bacterial alpha diversity in postpartum and significantly different β-diversity were observed. Furthermore, 30 distingtive genera were identified over the transition period. Among these, six and eleven biomarkers such as Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 were identified at +7 d and +21 d, respectively. Furthermore, the abundances of choloylglycine hydrolase and 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which are involved in SBA biosynthesis were significantly higher postpartum as determined by PICRUSt2 analysis over the transition period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BA profile and concentrations underwent significant changes during the transition period in dairy cows and these changes are closely related to the periparturient health of the cows. Ursodeoxycholic acid and Alistipes was identified as the pivotal BA and microbial genus. Our study elucidates these metabolic processes, providing useful insights into strategies for enhancing the nutrition and well-being of perinatal dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of calcium lactate on in vitro fertilization and embryonic development in cattle.","authors":"Bo-Myeong Kim, Song-Hee Lee, Geun Heo, Ji-Dam Kim, Gyu-Hyun Lee, Jae-Min Sim, Kwang Taek Lim, Xiang-Shun Cui","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0636","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Growing demand for embryo transfer is steadily expanding and further studies on in vitro fertilization of cattle. To assess the effect of calcium lactate by replacing Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium composition during fertilization and embryonic development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sodium lactate and CaCl2 were replaced with 2.0, 3.0, 4.5 mM calcium lactate for TALP medium during fertilization in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the concentrations of sodium lactate and CaCl2 were re-modified as control, in comparison with the same concentration of calcium lactate at 4.5 mM. Zygotes were moved to sequential media to match early-and late-stage environments. Embryonic development was examined on day 8 after insemination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 4.5 mM calcium lactate enhanced the rate of fertilization and blastocyst formation (p<0.0001, p<0.01, respectively). It represented differences in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p<0.01) and glutathione (GSH) levels (p<0.05) and increased blastocyst diameter and total cell number (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, fertilization (p<0.05) and blastocyst formation rates (p<0.01) were increased in 4.5mM calcium lactate under same concentration effect of sodium lactate and CaCl2. Additionally, it reduced the ROS (p<0.01) and increased the GSH levels (p<0.05), leading increase embryo quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The replacement of calcium lactate in TALP medium enhances fertilization and embryonic development while also improving oxidative stress. Specifically, it has been determined that a concentration of 4.5 mM calcium lactate is the most effective, irrespective of the varying concentrations of sodium lactate and CaCl2. This study presents a novel formulation of a modified TALP medium intended for implantation withing the bovine embryo industry. The current implications of the study are discussed in relation to previously stated objectives and hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1150-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and prediction of net energy of soybean meal fed to pregnant sows by indirect calorimetry.","authors":"Lei Xue, Can Zhang, Bo Cheng, Qian Song, Lee J Johnston, Ling Liu, Fenglai Wang, Jianjun Zang","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0663","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study was conducted to investigate the appropriate substitution level of soybean meal (SBM) for determining its net energy (NE), and establish NE prediction equation of SBM based on the determined NE values for pregnant sows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Exp. 1, eighteen pregnant sows (Landrace×Yorkshire; parity, 2 to 3) with an initial body weight (BW) of 221.2±2.6 kg at mid-gestation were blocked by BW and randomly assigned into 3 groups. Three groups fed with a corn-SBM basal diet and two test diets with 15% and 30% energy-supplying components replaced by SBM, respectively. In Exp. 2, six diets were formulated including a corn-SBM basal diet and five SBM diets (based on the substitution level determined of Exp. 1) with different soybean sources and processing methods. Moreover, 12 pregnant pigs (BW = 209.0±3.0 kg; parity, 3 to 4) at mid-gestation were arranged in a 6×3 Youden square design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing substitution levels of SBM linearly increased (p<0.05) fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion and the ratio of urinary energy to digestible energy (DE), while linearly decreased (p<0.05) the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME) to DE and tended to linearly decrease dietary ME (p = 0.066) and NE (p = 0.074). The coefficient of variation for the NE of SBM was lower at a 15% substitution level compared to a 30% substitution level. The nutritional compositions of SBM are influenced by the soybean sources and processing methods. As dry matter basis, NE values of SBM ranged from 11.1 to 12.7 MJ/kg and the best-fitted prediction equation for NE of SBM was: NE (MJ/kg) = -91.71+5.35×gross energy (%)-0.03×neutral detergent fiber (%; R2 = 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A substitution level of 15% was more appropriate to determine NE of SBM. Furthermore, NE values of SBM can be predicted based on their chemical compositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1228-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative and comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome sequencing in circCOL1A1-knockdown and circCOL1A1-overexpressing goat hair follicle stem cells.","authors":"Jian Wang, Xi Wu, Liuming Zhang, Xiaomei Sun, Wei Sun, Kunzhe Dong, Yongjun Li","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0816","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hair morphogenesis is tightly related to hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) proliferation and hair follicle (HF) development. Yangtze River Delta white goats (YRDWG) HFSCs are important for producing superior-quality brush hair (SQBH). Nonetheless, the known regulatory mechanisms are not sufficient to explain YRDWG gHFSCs growth, HF development, and SQBH formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To deeply investigate the interaction networks and mechanisms of circCOL1A1 in the HF development and SQBH formation of YRDWG in detail, we applied whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of circCOL1A1-knockdown and circCOL1A1-overexpressing HFSCs from YRDWG. STRING and other databases were used to construct multiple interaction networks. Differentially expressed (DE) genes, DE-miRNAs, and DE-circRNAs were further confirmed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 87 genes, 96 miRNAs, and 135 circRNAs were DE between circCOL1A1-knockdown and circCOL1A1-overexpressing gHFSCs. Functional enrichment, gene ontology annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses identified marked enrichment of these DE- genes, DE-miRNAs, and DE-circRNAs in the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and focal adhesion signaling pathways, which are closely associated with gHFSCs growth and HF development. In addition, through interaction network construction, four important regulatory axes were obtained, namely, the chi-circCOL1A1-miR-149-5p-CMTM3-AR, chi-circACTN1- miR-671-5p-MAPK3/COL13A1, chi-circITGA6-miR-18a-5p-FGF1/MAP3K1 and chi-circ COBLL1-miR-30a-5p/miR-128-3p-ITGA6/MAPK14/FGF14 axes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These novel findings provide a valuable and comprehensive basis for investigating the complex mechanism by which circRNAs participate in and regulate HF development and SQBH formation in YRDWG.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1116-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on nitrogen metabolism in Hanwoo steers.","authors":"Sang Yeob Kim, Rajaraman Bharanidharan, Seyun Im, Kyoung Hoon Kim, Joonpyo Oh, Hyun Jin Kim, Jaesung Lee, Kamburawala Kankanamge Tharindu Namal Ranaweera, Jin Woo Jeong, Jun Seok Oh, Sang Hyun Lee, Myunggi Baik","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0592","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP): rumen degradable protein (RDP) ratio on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and rumen and blood parameters in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 393 kg) were allocated to two groups and fed with a high RUP:RDP ratio (46.9:53.1 based on crude protein) or a low RUP:RDP ratio (30.6:69.4) concentrate with iso-crude protein content in a 2×2 Latin square design in two successive periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high RUP:RDP group had higher (p<0.01) average daily gain, and lower (p<0.05) ruminal ammonia and plasma urea N concentrations than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had lower (p<0.05) urinary N excretion and urinary N per N intake and higher (p<0.1) tendency of retained N than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had higher (p<0.1) tendency of N utilization efficiency (retained N per N intake: 28.7% vs. 25.5%) than the low RUP:RDP group. The high RUP:RDP group had a lower (p<0.1) tendency of urinary N per total N excretion, but a higher tendency of fecal N per total N excretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high ratio of dietary RUP:RDP may improve N utilization efficiency by reducing urinary N excretion, which may be beneficial for the environment through reducing atmospheric ammonia emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1182-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-21-5p enhances differentiation and mitigates oleic acid-induced lipid droplet accumulation in C2C12 myoblasts by targeting FBXO11.","authors":"Yi Li, Jiayuan Fang, Yingying Jiao, Qinchuan Lv, Xingyu Xiao, Shuo Zheng, Xi Chen, Jie Song, Xunming Zhang, Libo Zhang, Ze Ma, Changhong Li, Linlin Hao","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0665","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of miRNA 21-5p in regulating the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and intramuscular lipid droplets accumulation in myotubes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The role of miR-21-5p in the proliferation and differentiation of myofibroblasts and intracellular lipid accumulation was analyzed using bioinformatics, CCK-8 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and Oil Red O staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of porcine BodyMap transcriptome data revealed differential expression of miRNA 21-5p in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Bioinformatics analysis combined with a dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that FBXO11 serves as a direct target of miR-21-5p. Transfection experiments involving a miR-21-5p mimic, miR-21-5p inhibitor, and si-FBXO11 in C2C12 cells showed that overexpression of miR-21-5p or silencing of FBXO11 significantly enhanced the proliferation of C2C12 cells, upregulated myogenesis-related factors, and promoted myotube formation. Furthermore, oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in myotubes was suppressed, accompanied by reduced expression of adipogenesis-related genes. Conversely, inhibition of miR-21-5p expression produced opposite effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that miR-21-5p promotes proliferation and differentiation while inhibiting intramyocellular lipid deposition by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of FBXO11 in myogenic cell. The results suggest that miR-21-5p could serve as a potential miRNA biomarker for regulating intramuscular adipogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of individual and combined doses of added nitrite and nitrate on the quality of dry-fermented sausage.","authors":"Suk Nam Kang, Donggyun Yim","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0561","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the impacts of nitrate and nitrite on the salami fermentation process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental groups of dry-fermented sausage were prepared with 100 ppm nitrite (T1), 150 ppm nitrite (T2), and 100 ppm nitrite+50 ppm nitrate (T3). Salami quality was evaluated after a 30-day fermentation-drying process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in residual nitrite levels between T1 and T2, while the T3 samples exhibited the highest residual nitrite. T2 (150 ppm nitrite) showed a significantly higher pH value compared to T1 (100 ppm nitrite). Water activity was lowest in the T2 sample. T1 had a higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value than other treatments. In the color analysis, the L* values of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those of T3, whereas the a* values were significantly higher in T3. In the texture analysis, T3 exhibited a higher shear force than T1 and T2. In the microbial analysis, adding 50 and 100 ppm of nitrite did not reduce the total plate count (TPC) and lactic acid bacteria count. However, T3 had a lower TPC than T1 and T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that different levels of nitrite/nitrate affect salami quality. This study is a valuable resource for understanding how using nitrite and nitrate alone or in combination affects quality in salami production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1272-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-protein concentrates with different rumen undegradable-to-degradable protein ratios on performance and carcass traits in 26-month-slaughtered Hanwoo steers.","authors":"Woo Hyeong Hong, Rajaraman Bharanidharan, Tae Hoon Kim, Jun Suk Byun, Geum Hwi Bang, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham, Joonpyo Oh, Ridha Ibidhi, Sun Sik Jang, Kyoung Hoon Kim","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0728","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of high-protein concentrates with two different rumen undegradable protein (RUP)-to-degradable protein ratios on the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers reared for 26 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two Hanwoo steers (217±13 kg) were randomly allocated to eight pens (four animals/pen) and assigned to one of two concentrate treatments (four pens/treatment), low-RUP concentrate (LRUP; RUP ratio of 37:63) or high-RUP concentrate (HRUP; RUP ratio of 47:53), with a dietary crude protein (CP) content of 20% dry matter (DM) during the growing stage (8 to 17 months) and 18% DM during the fattening stage (18 to 26 months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing the RUP ratio in the concentrate reduced (p = 0.062) rumen ammonia (NH3-N) levels during the growing stage. A decrease (p<0.05) in the molar proportions of acetate and valerate, and an increase (p = 0.097) in the proportions of iso-valerate, was observed in the HRUP group. Significant improvements (p<0.05) in the average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio were observed in the HRUP group during the fattening stage. Although there were no significant group differences in carcass yield or characteristics in steers slaughtered at 26 months, a trend (p = 0.081) toward an increased rib-eye area was observed in the HRUP group. Relative mRNA expression profiling revealed higher lipid biosynthesis and lipolysis in the HRUP group at slaughter. However, no effects on intramuscular fat content was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Raising the RUP level improved performance and intramuscular fat metabolism in Hanwoo steers. The final body weight of the steers in the HRUP group was comparable to that of Hanwoo steers raised under the conventional 30-month fattening period. Overall, feeding a high-CP concentrate with a higher RUP proportion (47% CP) may be a beneficial strategy to shorten the feeding period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1206-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates casein synthesis in dairy cows via the mTORC1-LAT1 pathway.","authors":"Yongding Ke, Ximeng Du, Binglan Chen, Xi Chen, Chengchuang Song, Xingtang Fang, Yanhong Wang, Chunlei Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0711","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.24.0711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) is an essential multifunctional enzyme in mammals, pivotal in maintaining cellular protein and amino acid balance. It facilitates tRNA aminoacylation, initiating intracellular protein synthesis, and serves as an intracellular leucine sensor. The sensor function enables LARS to activate the mTORC1 pathway via Rag GTPase binding, playing a critical role in the regulation of protein synthesis. Despite its significance, the precise mechanisms of these functions are yet to be fully delineated. This study examines LARS and its role in modulating milk protein synthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes stable bovine mammary epithelial cell lines, LARS overexpression and LARS knockdown, validated by using Cell Counting Kit-8, Click-iT EdU, Western blot, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoconfocal techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that LARS overexpression in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) enhances cell proliferation and resultes intracellular leucine levels, thereby increasing casein production through the mTORC1 pathway. LARS enhances casein expression via the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, L-type Amino Transporters 1 (mTORC1-LAT1) pathway. This interaction is supported by a positive feedback mechanism from LAT1, enhancing the activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Additionally, LARS overexpression leads to increased LAT1 expression, improved LAT1 stability, and augmented its localization at the membrane. Our research indicates that LARS's enhancement of LAT1 expression is contingent on its dual roles in translation and leucine sensing, whereas its impact on LAT1 localization is exclusively dependent on its leucine sensing function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LARS regulates LAT1 expression and membrane positioning through the mTORC1 pathway by detecting intracellular leucine levels, thereby influencing casein synthesis. These insights lay a theoretical groundwork for enhancing milk protein production and offer novel strategies for improving the quality of dairy products.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"1259-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}