Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Impact of chitosan supplementation on metabolomic profiles and microbial community dynamics in total mixed ration silage and rumen fluid.","authors":"Ayu Septi Anggraeni, Anjar Windarsih, Suratno Suratno, Anuraga Jayanegara, Ahmad Sofyan, Erika Budiarti Laconi, Nur Rochmah Kumalasari","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of varying levels of chitosan supplementation in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on the abundance and dynamics of rumen microbial communities, as well as their associated metabolomic profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and LC/HRMS-based metabolomics were employed to assess alterations in rumen microbiota and metabolites composition in response to chitosan supplementation in TMR silage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 308 metabolites were identified in TMR silage, 144 of which had a variable importance in projection (VIP) scores greater than 1, marking them as distinguishing metabolites. Notably, chitosan supplementation increased L-valine levels, identifying it as a potential biomarker metabolite. In rumen fluid samples, 33 metabolites were identified, with 13 exhibiting VIP scores over 1, classifiying them as key metabolite indicators. Chitosan supplementation significantly elevated amine compounds, particularly Dibenzylamine and N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecanamide, in rumen fluid. The primary phyla affected by chitosan in TMR silage were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes. Additionally, the genera Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Prevotella decreased with chitosan supplementation, whereas Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group exhibited increased abundance. Predominantly negative correlations were observed between rumen fluid metabolites (particularly amines and indoles) and microbial populations belonging to Bacteroidota and Firmicutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that chitosan supplementation alters rumen metabolic activity and reduced microbial diversity within the rumen.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the functional role of corpus luteum cavity in recipient selection for bovine embryo transfer.","authors":"Jihyun Park, Ahmad Yar Qamar, Wonyou Lee, Kilyoung Song, Miyun Park, Leegon Hong, Seonggyu Bang, Younghye Ro, Sanghoon Lee, Minjung Kim, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The success of bovine embryo transfer (ET) programs largely depends on selecting optimal recipient cows, with a functional corpus luteum (CL) playing a critical role in the maintenance of pregnancy. While CL size and blood perfusion (CLBP) have been extensively studied, the presence of CL cavities (CLcav) and their impact on fertility remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the functional significance of CLcav in the selection of recipients for ET by evaluating its association with pregnancy outcomes, CLBP, and hormonal profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-eight Hanwoo cows underwent estrus synchronization and transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation. Eighty-five recipients were selected based on CL diameter (≥15 mm) and the absence of large dominant follicles (≥10 mm). CL type (compact vs. cavitary), CLBP (color Doppler), and hormone levels (estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4)) were recorded on Day 6.5 post-estrus. ET was performed using in vitro-produced fresh or vitrified embryos, and pregnancy status was assessed 40-60 days post-transfer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CLcav was detected in 18.8% of recipients, but pregnancy rates did not significantly differ between cows with and without CLcav (50.0% vs. 62.3%, p > 0.05). However, when CLcav occupied ≥40% of the CL volume (CLcav diameter 18mm or less), conception rates increased (62.5% vs. 37.5%), alongside elevated E2 levels. When CLBP was 40% or higher, CLcav size and P4 concentration were the highest, but excessive CLBP did not enhance conception rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that CLcav does not impair luteal function or pregnancy outcomes and may, in some cases, indicate enhanced luteal activity. Integrating CL morphology, vascularization, and hormonal balance into recipient selection criteria may improve ET efficiency. Future studies should further investigate the physiological mechanisms underlying CLcav formation and its role in reproductive success.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulbophyllum drymoglossum Aqueous Extract Modulates Immunometabolism and Oxidative Stress in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages.","authors":"Eun Hye Park, Jeongin Kim, Sung-Jo Kim","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the regulatory effects of Bulbophyllum drymoglossum aqueous extract (BDAE) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and metabolic reprogramming in porcine alveolar macrophages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BDAE was prepared by aqueous extraction and chemically characterized by GC-MS. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties were assessed in NIH/3T3 and 3D4/31 cells using viability assays, flow cytometry, and fluorescence imaging. Mitochondrial mass and membrane potential were measured by MitoTracker Red and JC-1 staining. Metabolic effects on glucose uptake, lipid accumulation, and gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial respiration were analyzed by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BDAE exhibited low cytotoxicity and effectively reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species under both basal and inflammatory conditions. It preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented PMA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. BDAE reversed PMA-triggered metabolic alterations by restoring glucose uptake, enhancing expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, lipogenesis, and mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and attenuated lipid accumulation in macrophages. The extract's chemical profile, rich in carbohydrate derivatives and polyols, correlated with these bioactivities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BDAE demonstrates potent antioxidative and metabolic regulatory effects in macrophages, suggesting its potential as a natural bioactive compound to modulate immunometabolism and oxidative stress in animal health. Further in vivo validation and mechanistic studies are warranted to advance its application in livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance, blood vitamin D status, and antioxidant capacity in weaning pigs.","authors":"Chan Ho Kwon, Eva S Safaie, Jannell A Torres, Zhaohui Yang, Xi Chen, Young Dal Jang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin D3 (VD₃) supplementation on growth performance, blood vitamin D, and antioxidant status in weaning pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty newly weaned piglets (6.02 ± 1.17 kg) were assigned to two treatments with five replicates over a 28-d period. Treatments were 1) NRC-VD3: NRC recommended levels [220 IU/kg in Phase 1 (d 0-14 postweaning) and 200 IU/kg in Phase 2 (d 14-28 postweaning)], and 2) High-VD₃: a high level of VD3 (2,000 IU/kg in Phase 1 and 2). Body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio were measured weekly. Blood samples were collected at d 14 and 28 postweaning for the analyses of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD₃), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Pearson correlation coefficients between plasma 25-OHD₃ and SOD, MDA, or T-AOC were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth performance did not differ in overall nursery period although feed intake was lower in the High-VD₃ group than the NRC-VD3 group in d 14-28 postweaning (p<0.05). Pigs fed High-VD₃ diets showed greater plasma 25-OHD₃ at d 14 and 28 postweaning (p<0.05), tended to have reduced plasma MDA (p = 0.06), and increased plasma SOD activity (p = 0.10) at d 14 postweaning compared with those fed NRC-VD3 diets with no effect in plasma T-AOC. At d 14 postweaning, plasma 25-OHD3 was positively correlated with plasma SOD activity (r = 0.532; p<0.05) and tended to be negatively correlated with plasma MDA levels (r = -0.491; p = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High VD₃ supplementation at 2,000 IU/kg did not enhance growth performance, while improving plasma vitamin D and antioxidant status in weaning pigs compared to NRC-level supplementation. Therefore, supplementing weaning pigs with higher-than-recommended levels of VD₃ could be beneficial to enhance their antioxidant status and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of exogenous glucoamylase on ruminal in situ and in vitro dry matter and starch degradability of cereal grains in beef cattle.","authors":"Lin Mu, Kleves V Almeida, Carlos Ninodeguzman, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Kathy Arriola, Halima Sultana, Nicolas DiLorenzo, Wenting Li, Diwakar Vyas","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of glucoamylase on ruminal in situ and in vitro dry matter degradability (DMD), in vitro starch degradability (IVSD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), gas production and methane production using cereal grains as substrates in beef cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six substrates (4 mm; 0.70 g per F57 bag) including sorghum (micronized and whole), barley (whole and steam-flaked), and corn (dry-rolled and steam-flaked); were incubated with exogenous glucoamylase (from Trichoderma reesei; 0.25 mg/g substrate DM) and buffered rumen fluid in six replicates per run in 3 independent runs. In vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), In vitro starch degradability (IVSD), In situ DMD (ISDMD), VFA, and methane production was measured after 7, and 12 h of incubation. In situ ruminal DMD (ISDMD) was measured after 0, 1, 3, 7, and 12 h of ruminal incubation in beef cattle fed high grain diets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exogenous glucoamylase increased IVDMD and gas production for all substrates except whole sorghum and barley while ISDMD was increased for all substrates except whole barley. Glucoamylase increased IVSD for steam flaked barley and corn. Glucoamylase supplementation increased molar proportion of propionate and decreased acetate-to-propionate ratio, regardless of substrates used. Similarly, glucoamylase supplementation increased methane production with steam-flaked corn.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glucoamylase supplementation can potentially improve DM and starch degradability in cereal grains commonly used as ingredients in beef cattle diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance and bone zinc concentration in broiler chickens with dietary supplementation of organic zinc.","authors":"Hansol Kim, Tuoying Ao, Jose Soto, Lauren Nolan, Michael Joseph Ford, Sunday Adetayo Adedokun","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine the optimal dietary organic zinc (Zn) concentration to maximize growth performance and skeletal Zn deposition in broilers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 240 one-d-old broiler chicks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for a 20-d feeding trial, with 8 cages per treatment. All diets met or exceeded recommended nutrient requirement estimates for broilers, except for Zn. The 5 treatments were as follows: (1) a corn-soybean meal-based diet with 40 mg/kg inorganic Zn from ZnSO4·7H2O; (2) a corn-soybean meal-based diet without supplemental Zn; (3-5) treatment 2 supplemented with 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg of organic Zn from Zn proteinate (Bioplex Zn®). Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured from d 0 to 20. On d 20, tibia samples were collected, and Zn concentration in tibia ash was determined. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to evaluate linear and quadratic responses to increasing supplemental organic Zn. Pairwise contrasts were performed between diets containing 40 mg/kg of inorganic Zn and those containing either 10 or 20 mg/kg of organic Zn. The optimal supplemental level of organic Zn for tibia Zn concentration was estimated using a one-slope broken-line model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average daily gain, feed intake, and tibia Zn concentration increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing organic Zn. Broilers fed 10 mg/kg organic Zn exhibited similar growth to those receiving 40 mg/kg inorganic Zn, but lower tibia Zn concentration (p<0.001). In contrast, 20 mg/kg organic Zn supported both growth and bone Zn deposition equivalent to the inorganic Zn group. A one-slope broken-line analysis indicated that 16.5 mg/kg organic Zn was the minimum level required to maximize tibia Zn concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioplex Zn® was more bioavailable than inorganic Zn from Zn sulfate, and 16.5 mg/kg was sufficient to optimize both growth and skeletal Zn deposition in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change overestimates annual nitrogen excretion from pigs in Korea.","authors":"Donghyeon Lee, Hansol Kim, Jongkeon Kim, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to validate the accuracy of representative body weight (BW) and annual nitrogen (N) excretion (Nex) of pigs suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and to estimate the annual Nex from pigs in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven crossbred barrows (initial BW = 56.6±2.3 kg) were used to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and N, and the fresh-to-dry fecal weight ratio. Daily BW, feed intake, and age data were collected from the National Research Council and the Korean Feeding Standard for Swine. Models for daily BW, feed intake, and fresh fecal excretion of pigs were developed to calculate the representative BW. Daily fecal Nex from a market pig was calculated using ATTD of N and daily N intake, and daily urinary Nex was estimated. Total Nex was calculated as the sum of fecal and urinary Nex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ATTD of dry matter and N was 88.4% and 88.8%, respectively, and the fresh-to-dry fecal weight ratio was 3.55. Based on the average daily feed intake of 1,602 g/day and fresh fecal excretion of 587 g/day, the representative BW for market pigs was determined to be 35.3 kg at 85 days of age. The daily fecal, urinary, and total Nex at the representative BW were 5.6, 15.3, and 20.9 g/day, respectively. The annual total Nex for a market pig was 7.6 kg/year. The annual Nex for a reproductive sow was 14.5 kg/year. Assuming a population of 91% market pigs and 9% breeding sows, the annual total Nex for all pigs in the Korean swine industry was 8.23 kg/year which is less than 18.0 kg/year suggested by the IPCC (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IPCC overestimated the representative BW of pig and Nex from pigs in Korea. The annual Nex from pigs is 8.23 kg/year in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals the key long non-coding RNAs and genes related to cashmere shedding in goats.","authors":"Yixing Fan, Tiantian Gong, Siyu Feng, Huiling Zhang, Ran Wang, Mingzhao Hu, Qi Zhang, Taiyu Hui, Jincheng Shen, Ruqing Xu, Yubo Zhu, Man Bai, Zeying Wang, Wenlin Bai","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cashmere goat is renowned for its superior characteristics of cashmere fibers. Cashmere shedding is closely related to the cashmere production in cashmere goats, but its molecular regulatory mechanism is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we collected skin tissues from already-shed cashmere goats (AS) and non-shed cashmere goats (NS). Morphological differences were observed and relative expression levels of indicator genes distinguishing anagen from telogen of hair follicles were assessed. Whole transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate key regulatory factors including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and different expression genes (DEGs) and followed by preliminary validation, interaction network construction and functional verification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative histological analysis found that density, depth, width, hair bulb width and activity of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) in AS individuals were significantly lower than those in NS individuals. Expression detection results of indicator genes distinguishing anagen from telogen indicated that the SHFs of NS individuals were predominantly in telogen phase, whereas those of AS individuals were more inclined towards anagen phase. Transcriptome sequencing analysis screened 450 DEGs with 338 upregulated and 112 downregulated, as well as 352 different expression lncRNAs including 168 upregulated and 184 downregulated. Regulatory networks of lncRNAs and their co-expression DEGs were constructed, and lncRNA LOC108637151 and its co-expression gene, Selenoprotein P (SEPP1), were identified as key regulatory factors of cashmere shedding in goats, and both of them showed high expression levels in AS individuals. The overexpression of LOC108637151 in dermal papilla cells (DPCs) led to the increasing expression of its target gene SEPP1 and promoted the proliferation of DPCs in cashmere goats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key lncRNAs and genes related to cashmere shedding in goats along with their regulatory relationships. The results provided a basis for revealing the potential molecular mechanisms of cashmere shedding in goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of AMPK/PGC-1α on gluconeogenesis in skeletal muscle of animals under overwintering starvation and its molecular mechanism.","authors":"Chao Yong Huang, Hui Yu Cheng, Bin Hong Wen, Wei Li, Bao Hua Luo, Du Bala Wu, Jing Shun Wang, Si Le Hu, Jiang Hong Wu","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During winter feed deprivation, animals activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. This activation enhances the transcriptional activity of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), upregulates the expression of gluconeogenic rate-limiting enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and improves the function of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and fatty acid transport protein (FATP). These molecular adaptations facilitate intramuscular fat oxidation and glycerol production for gluconeogenesis, thereby enhancing skeletal muscle gluconeogenic capacity to maintain energy homeostasis and vital functions under cold-starvation conditions. This review systematically examines the effects of overwintering starvation stress on the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and its regulatory mechanisms in skeletal muscle gluconeogenesis, providing a theoretical framework for developing sustainable breeding strategies in alpine regions and enhance animal production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of spray dried plasma in diets fed to young pigs increases the ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids of other ingredients in the diet.","authors":"Hannah M Bailey, Jimena A Ibagon, Joy M Campbell, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of spray dried plasma (SDP) increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and the AID and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) from other ingredients in diets for young pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty weanling barrows (body weight: 9.3±0.6 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 10×3 Youden square design with 10 diets and three periods of 7 d. Eight diets with ingredient combinations typically used in the U.S.A. [Corn and soybean meal (SBM)], Canada (wheat, barley, SBM, and fermented SBM), the European Union (corn, SBM, wheat, and barley), and Asia (corn, SBM, ground rice, and fermented SBM) were formulated. Four diets contained no SDP, and four diets contained 6% SDP. A diet with SDP as the sole source of AA and a nitrogen-free diet were also included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An interaction between region and SDP was observed for the AID and SID of CP and most AA. The SDP did not affect AID or SID of AA and CP in U.S.A. or Asian diets, but SDP increased (p<0.05) the AID of CP and the SID of Gly in the European Union diet. In the Canadian diet, SDP increased (p<0.05) the AID of starch and the SID of CP and most AA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addition of 6% SDP to diets based on wheat and barley (Canada and European Union diets) may increase the AID of starch and the SID of CP and AA from other ingredients in the diet. Therefore, the SID of CP and AA in diets containing SDP is not always additive in wheat and barley-based diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}