Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Milk Composition Changes and Alterations in Bacteria, Serum, and Gut Metabolome Over Time in Lactating Naks and Simmental Cows.","authors":"Runze Wang, Xu Yunxiang, Allan Degen, Xuefeng Han, Xinsheng Zhao, Qunying Zhang, Yayu Huang, Bingqiang Bai, Yingkui Yang, Shujie Liu, Yanfeng Xue, Lizhuang Hao","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying milk composition divergence between naks (female yaks) and Simmental cows (S-cows) by integrating longitudinal multi-omics analyses of gut microbiota and metabolomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined the gut microbiota and metabolites of both species over a 54-day period (day 26 to 80 of lactation), with ten naks and ten S-cows. Gut microbiota dynamics were assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing, while serum and fecal metabolomes were profiled using UHPLC-MS/MS. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, LEfSe (LDA > 2, p < 0.05), and Spearman correlations (r > 0.70).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Milk yield was lesser (0.53-0.91 vs. 2.07-3.88 kg/d) but concentrations of fat (5.63-6.30% vs. 3.30-3.74%), protein (5.66-6.30% vs. 3.39-3.74%), and conjugated linoleic acid（CLA） (1.74-2.35% vs. 1.40-1.75%) were greater (p < 0.001) in nak than S-cow milk. Species-specific microbial signatures emerged. In naks, the g-Family-XIII-AD3011-group and g-norank-Ruminococcaceae were correlated with bile acid metabolism and CLA synthesis via 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid transport. Additionally, the naks gut had a greater concentration of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, a precursor of CLA, which may be transported to mammary cells via phosphatidylcholine and converted to CLA under the catalysis of fatty acid desaturase2(FADS2). S-cows harbored g-Succinivibrio and g-Eubacterium-ruminantium-group, which are linked to galactose utilization and mTOR-mediated amino acid allocation. Metabolomics revealed naks-enriched steroid biosynthesis and taurine pathways (FDR < 0.05), while S-cows exhibited a lactating network associated with greater milk yield.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Host-specific gut microbiota mediated nutrient allocation trade-offs. Naks optimized lipid-rich milk through bile acid and CLA metabolic networks, whereas S-cows enhanced yield via microbial-galactose synergies. This research underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in mediating milk composition and suggests that microbiome manipulation could be a promising strategy to enhance milk quality in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray-dried porcine plasma improves piglets' performance and modulates gut immune-related genes in the first week post-weaning.","authors":"Zacharia Waithaka Ng'ang'a, Núria Tous, Muzahir Hussain, Maria Ballester, Javier Polo, Raúl Beltrán-Debón, Joan Tarradas, David Torrallardona","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in pre-starter feed of piglets on performance, fecal consistency, gut integrity biomarkers, and gene expression patterns related to intestinal function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety piglets (18 pens; 5 pigs/pen; 8.16 ± 1.29 kg initial body weight) were offered pre-starter feed with either soy protein concentrate (control) or SDPP for 14 d post-weaning, and a common commercial starter feed between 14 and 35 d. Pigs' performance was recorded at 0, 7, 14 and 35 d of trial and their fecal consistency was assessed on the first 2 weeks. At 7 d, one piglet per pen (18 in total) was sampled for blood, intestinal mucosa, and bile. Blood plasma calprotectin and citrulline and bile sIgA were quantified with ELISA, and gene expression in the mucosa from ileum, jejunum, and caecum was analyzed with high-throughput microfluidic technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative to control, SDPP improved feed intake (215 vs 280 g/d; p<0.05), weight gain (133 vs. 205 g/d; p<0.05) and gain-to-feed ratio (0.61 vs. 0.74; p<0.05) between d 0 to 7. Plasma calprotectin and citrulline, and bile sIgA at d 7 were not affected. Piglets fed SDPP had higher expressions of IL-1β (p = 0.033) in jejunal mucosa, and of IL-1β (p = 0.018), IL-8/CXCL8 (p = 0.010), GBP1 (p = 0.014) and TGF-β1 (p = 0.015) in ileal mucosa, at 7 d post-weaning. No effects on fecal scores were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that the administration of SDPP during the pre-starter phase improves piglet's performance during the first week post-weaning. These SDPP associated benefits appear to have been achieved through the modulation of gut homeostasis, potentially involving the regulation of inflammatory factors in the small intestinal mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of β-mannanase supplementation in low-energy and low-protein diets on performance, intestinal morphology, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens.","authors":"Kang Hyeon Kim, Eun Cheol Lee, Charline Mugeniwayesu, Tae Hyun An, Dong Yong Kil","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary β-mannanase supplementation in low-energy and low-protein diets containing palm kernel meal and copra meal on productive performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of four hundred 26-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates. The positive control (PC) diet was prepared with corn and soybean meal, whereas the negative control (NC) diet was formulated with decreased AMEn by 100 kcal/kg and CP by 0.85% than PC diets. High-mannan NC diet was also prepared by inclusion of 2.5% palm kernel meal and 2.5% copra meal, which was designed to contain energy and nutrient concentrations equal to those in the NC diet. Finally, dietary β-mannanase was supplemented to the high mannan NC diet at the levels of 0.05% and 0.10%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most productive performance and egg quality were not affected by dietary treatments. For jejunal morphology, villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio for hens fed PC diets or NC diets was greater (p<0.05) than those fed high-mannan NC diets, but supplementation of β-mannanase in high-mannan NC diets did not affect VH:CD ratio in hens. Hens fed NC diets had a greater (p<0.05) subjective color score in the liver than those fed PC diets or high-mannan NC diets supplemented with 0.05% and 0.10% β-mannanase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>: Most productive performance and egg quality in laying hens were not affected by reduction in dietary energy and protein levels, inclusion of high-mannan ingredients, and dietary β-mannanase supplementation. No considerable benefits of dietary β-mannanase supplementation in low-energy and low-protein diets containing high-mannan ingredients on productive performance and health were observed in laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiRNA-24 Downregulates KLF6 Affecting STAT3 Protein Expression and Phosphorylation Regulating Melanogenesis in Cashmere Goat coat.","authors":"Baoyu Zhang, Runlai Liu, Yuxin Zhao, Xinyu Li, Huixian Su, Shufang Li, Jianping Li, Huaizhi Jiang, Qiaoling Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study revealed how miRNA-24 downregulates KLF6, regulating melanogenesis in the Cashmere goat coat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The correlation between miRNA-24 and coat color was determined by Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). GO/KEGG analysis and bioinformatics tools were used to screen for target genes. Targeted interactions were confirmed using the dual luciferase assay. The expressions of miRNA-24 and KLF6 on different colored skins of Cashmere goats, and the KLF6 expression in B16-F10 transfected with miRNA-24 mimics/inhibitors/NC were detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence. To investigate the pathway that KLF6 influenced, KLF6 was silenced by RNA interference (RNAi), and the melanogenesis pathway's gene expression was examined. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 protein in the pathway were inhibited. RNAi and Stattic were utilized to downregulate its protein expression and phosphorylation for detecting tyrosine expression. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with antagomiRNA-24, a miRNA-24 inhibitor. And the influence of miRNA-24 downregulating KLF6 on melanogenesis was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MiRNA-24 relates to coat color. KLF6 was chosen as the target gene, and the targeted interaction was confirmed. The expression trends of miRNA-24 and KLF6 were opposing in the skin. The mRNA and protein expression of KLF6 were decreased/increased in the cytoplasmic nucleus of B16-F10 transfected with miRNA-24 mimics/inhibitors. These suggest that KLF6 is downregulated by miRNA-24. When KLF6 was silenced, genes linked to the melanogenesis pathway, including WNT1, WNT2, PRKACA, MAPK1, TYR, and STAT3, were downregulated. When the protein and phosphorylation levels of STAT3 were suppressed, the mRNA level of TYR was decreased, suggesting that KLF6 influences TYR expression by mediating STAT3 expression and phosphorylation. BALB/c mice's skin injected with antagomiRNA-24 showed increased melanin content and decreased KLF6 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MiRNA-24 regulates melanogenesis in the Cashmere goat coat by downregulating the KLF6, mediating the STAT3 expression and phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of enzyme-treated soy oligopeptide on intestinal health, feed preference, and growth performance in nursery pigs.","authors":"Lan Zheng, Jung Yeol Sung, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with enzyme-treated soy oligopeptide (ESO) in nursery pig diets on intestinal health, growth performance, and feed preference.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Exp. 1, 128 pigs (average 5.2 kg) were housed in pens (4 pigs/pen), assigned to 4 diets supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 3% of ESO, and fed for 32 d. On d 32, blood, and tissues and mucosa from the duodenum and jejunum were collected. In Exp. 2, 24 pigs (average 6.2 kg) were assigned to 6 pens (4 pigs/pen). Each pen had two separate feeders containing two diets with 0 or 2% of ESO for 27 d.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing dietary ESO tended to quadratically change serum tumor necrosis factor-α (p=0.059; minimum at 1.6% of ESO) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p=0.062; maximum at 1.8% of ESO). Increasing dietary ESO linearly reduced feed intake both linearly and quadratically (p<0.05) during phase 2 (maximum at 0.9% of ESO). Increasing dietary ESO both linearly and quadratically changed (p<0.05) weight gain during phase 2 (maximum at 1.0% of ESO). Increasing dietary ESO linearly changed (p<0.05) and tended to quadratically change (p=0.077) weight gain during the overall phase. Increasing dietary ESO tended to linearly change (p = 0.059) gain to feed ratio during phase 1 and quadratically change (p< 0.05) gain to feed ratio during phase 2 (maximum at 1.4% of ESO). Feed preference of the diet containing 2% of ESO was negatively associated with post-weaning days (R2 = 0.542).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gradually replacing soybean meal with enzyme-treated soy oligopeptide at levels from 1.4 to 1.8% enhanced intestinal health and gain to feed ratio, whereas exceeding 0.9 to 1.0% reduced feed intake and weight gain, suggesting that optimal level of enzyme-treated soy oligopeptide in nursery pig diets is 0.9%.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oils alleviate coccidiosis impact in broiler chickens: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, Melia Afnida Santi, Nuraini Nuraini, Mustofa Hilmi, Mirzah Mirzah, Cecep Hidayat, Arief Darmawan, Khairani Khairani, Rita Mutia, Mirnawati Mirnawati, Anuraga Jayanegara, Agung Irawan","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aims to examine the efficacy of essential oils (EO) as an anticoccidial alternative on broiler chickens under coccidia challenged trials, focusing on performance indicators including average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), final body weight (BW), mortality, and intestinal lesion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A random-effects model was performed using the metafor package in R software. In a subgroup meta-analysis, treatment groups including coccidia-infected birds [C+], C+ group treated with EO [C+EO] or antibiotics [C+AB], and a non-infected control group treated with EO or AB, were compared against the control group [CON].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, C+ birds had lower (p<0.001) final BW and ADG as well as higher (p<0.001) FCR. Administration of either EO or AB on birds with coccidiosis infection resulted in similar final BW, ADG, FI, and FCR with CON birds, suggesting the comparable effectiveness of EO and AB to alleviate the adverse effects of coccidiosis. Broilers on the C+ group exhibited increased small intestine damage as shown by the greater (p<0.001) lesion score, but the mortality was not different from CON and other treatment groups. The Eimeria oocyst count was lower on birds treated with EO than on the infected birds, with an average suppression of 42.11%. Meta-regression demonstrated that C+ birds had inferior FI and ADG than CON and C+EO birds. However, high heterogeneity between studies was identified in all measured outcomes as shown by I² > 75%, suggesting wide variability among study conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Essential oils may serve as an alternative antibiotic to mitigate the negative impacts of coccidiosis infection in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction effects of the naked neck gene and housing system on egg production, egg quality, blood biochemical parameters and immunity of laying hens under hot climate.","authors":"Osama Abou-Emera, Ibrahim Al-Homidan, Gamal Rayan, Moataz Fathi","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Poultry producers use alternative housing arrangements, such as free-range systems, to allow birds to express their natural behaviors and to enhance consumer confidence in poultry products. Free-range systems provide hens with access to open spaces and better airflow, offering opportunities for thermoregulation through natural behaviors such as seeking shade or dust bathing. Compared to confined cage conditions, this can help reduce the negative effects of heat stress. In this study, we examined the productivity of laying hens segregated for the naked neck gene (Na) and raised in two distinct housing systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 540 laying hens, 24 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial design consisting of three genotypes (NaNa, Nana, and nana) and two housing systems (wire cages and free-range pens). Productive performance, egg quality characteristics, immune response, and blood parameters were evaluated over a three-month period during the hot summer season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that introducing the Na gene into chickens raised under hot climate conditions improved egg production, cell-mediated immunity, and eggshell strength. A significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels and the cumulative percentage of broken eggs was observed in naked neck genotypes (NaNa and Nana) compared to the normally feathered genotype (nana). Hens kept in cages produced significantly heavier eggs compared to those in the free-range system. Laying hens kept in a free-range system exhibited a higher relative yolk weight and an increased shell percentage. Additionally, a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol levels was found in layers raised in free-range systems compared to those in wire cages. Eggs produced by hens reared in free-range systems also had a darker yellow yolk color compared to those from caged hens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Introducing the Na gene into laying hens raised in free-range housing could be beneficial for improving egg production, immunity, and egg quality under high ambient temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cecropin supplementation improves growth performance by regulating immune function, rumen fermentation and microbiota in goats.","authors":"Xinhong Zhou, Xiaoyun Shen","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effects of cecropin on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen microbiota of goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve male Yudong black goats were randomly divided into two groups, with 6 replicates per group. The control group (CON) was fed a basic diet, while the antimicrobial peptide group (AMP) received a diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg cecropin. The experimental period lasted for 60 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the CON group, the AMP group showed significantly improved FW (35.46 vs. 37.33 kg, p < 0.05), ADG (205.19 vs. 234.78 g/d, p < 0.05), and reduced F/G (6.45 vs. 5.66, p < 0.05). The AMP group presented significantly higher SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities and T-AOC levels in the serum, while the MDA content was significantly lower (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the CON group, the levels of IgG, IgA, and IL-10 in the AMP group were significantly increased, while the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the rumen fluid, the AMP group presented significantly greater propionate and TVFA levels, with a significantly lower acetate/propionate ratio (P<0.05). Microbial analysis revealed differences in rumen microbiota diversity and composition between the two groups. At the phylum level, the AMP group presented significantly greater abundances of Bacteroidota, Fibrobacterota, Desulfobacterota, and Elusimicrobiota, whereas the Firmicutes abundance was significantly lower than that in the CON group (P<0.05). At the genus level, the AMP group presented significantly greater abundances of Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, F082, Fibrobacter, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Bacteroidales_RF16_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and UCG-010, whereas the abundances of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Butyrivibrio were significantly lower (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these results suggest that adding 500 mg/kg cecropin to the diet promotes goat growth performance by improving serum antioxidant capacity and immune function, optimizing rumen fermentation parameters, and modulating rumen microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined supplementation with probiotics and enzymes regulates the performance and microbiota of goats.","authors":"Jiawei Lu, Zili Chen, Feng Wang, Honghui Lu, Yanli Zhang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effects of B. subtilis C-3102, B. licheniformis SF5-1, and enzyme supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, and rumen microbiota of fattening goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy Yangtze River Delta white goats (body weight: 14.36 ± 2.24 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups with ten goats in each group. The groups were as follows: control group (CON); probiotics group (PRO); and combination group (COM). The feed period lasted for 80 days after a 20-day preparation period. Consequently, growth performance, slaughter performance, serum indexes, rumen fermentation parameters, and microbiota were assessed in goats with added B. subtilis C-3102, B. licheniformis, and a multi-enzyme complex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that supplementation with B. subtilis C-3102, B. licheniformis SF5-1, and a combination with a multi-enzyme complex significantly improved the growth performance (p < 0.05) and the GR value (p = 0.001). Compared with the CON group, PRO and COM groups significantly increased the contents of TNF-α (p < 0.05) and IL-10 (p < 0.01) in the serum, the PRO group significantly increased the isobutyrate concentration of rumen fluid (p < 0.05), the COM group significantly increased the abundance of Ruminococcus_1 and Succiniclastium (p < 0.01), the COM group greatly enriched nitrogen metabolism, glycolysis, and TCA cycle (p < 0.05), in contrast, nucleotides biosynthesis was notably reduced (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing goats with B. subtilis C-3102, B. licheniformis SF5-1, and multi-enzyme complex improved the performance and immunity of the goats via regulating the rumen microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of cornstarch or fermented soybean meal in lactation diet improved sows' nutrient utilization and litter performance during lactation.","authors":"Li Zhe, Hongmei Wen, Fangyuan Chen, Yong Zhuo, Yan Ling, Shengyu Xu, Xuemei Jiang, Lingjie Huang, Lianqiang Che, Bin Feng, De Wu, Takele Feyera, Zhengfeng Fang","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of cornstarch (CS) and fermented soybean meal (FSM) substitutions for conventional corn and soybean meal, respectively, on sow's performance, nutrient digestibility, milk composition, and oxidative status during lactation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four lactating sows (8 sows/treatment) were assigned to either a standard lactation diet (CON), a CS diet in which pure CS substituted 60% of starch provided by conventional corn, or FSM diet in which FSM substituted 60% of crude protein provided by soybean meal. The experiment lasted from day 2 to 28 of lactation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with CON, the CS and FSM groups increased piglet live weight (p<0.05) and average daily gain (p<0.10), elevated milk superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05), respectively, on day 28, and reduced (p<0.05) milk somatic cell counts on day 28; the CS group had higher (p<0.05) coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and ash but lower (p<0.05) serum β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids on day 28.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the use of CS is much more robust in relieving body mobilization although both CS and FSM diets had beneficial effects on piglet performance by improving nutrient digestibility and milk quality of lactation sow.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}