Joint transcriptome-wide and proteomic analysis of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of sheep wool fiber diameter.

Objective: Wool fiber diameter is a crucial phenotypic trait of wool and a key determinant of its economic value. Deciphering the regulatory mechanisms that influence wool fiber diameter is a fundamental approach to optimizing wool fineness.

Methods: In this study, fine-wool Alpine Merino sheep exhibiting three distinct fiber diameter ranges were selected for comprehensive whole-transcriptome and proteome analyses of skin tissues.

Result: This led to the identification of key microRNAs (oar-miR-23a, oar-miR-23b, oar-miR-150, and oar-miR-218a), critical circular RNAs (circRNA3051, circRNA0315, and circRNA_1477), and multiple pivotal genes (LOC10112037, LOC105614079, IGFBP1, IGFBP4, and MAPK9). Correlation analysis employed to construct an integrative regulatory network suggested a strong association between modulation of wool fiber diameter and metabolism of energy and lipids.

Conclusion: These findings further elucidate the biological mechanisms governing the regulation of wool fiber diameter, providing a theoretical foundation for advancing the wool industry through refinement of wool diameter and enhancements in wool quality.