Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Advances in plant-derived extracellular vesicles: isolation, composition, and biological functions.","authors":"Yao-Bo Zeng, Xun Deng, Li-Sha Shen, Yong Yang, Xing Zhou, Lianbao Ye, Sibao Chen, Da-Jian Yang, Guo-Qing Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04321a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04321a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are nanoscale vesicles released from plant cells into the extracellular space. While similar in structure and function to mammalian-derived EVs, PDEVs are unique due to their origin and the specific metabolites they carry. PDEVs have gained significant attention in recent years, with numerous reports isolating different PDEVs from various plants, each exhibiting diverse biological functions. However, the field is still in its early stages, and many issues need further exploration. To better develop and utilize PDEVs, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of their characteristics. This review provides an overview of recent advances in PDEV research. It focuses on the methods and techniques for isolating and purifying PDEVs, comparing their respective advantages, limitations, and application scenarios. Furthermore, we discuss the latest discoveries regarding the composition of PDEVs, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and various plant metabolites. Additionally, we detail advanced studies on the multiple biological functions of PDEVs. Our goal is to advance our understanding of PDEVs and encourage further exploration in PDEV-based science and technology, offering insights into their potential applications for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The co-fermentation of whole-grain black barley and quinoa improves murine cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet <i>via</i> altering gut microbial ecology and suppressing neuroinflammation.","authors":"Fenfen Wei, Huibin Jiang, Chuang Zhu, Lingyue Zhong, Zihan Lin, Yan Wu, Lihua Song","doi":"10.1039/d4fo02704c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo02704c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with various adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and an elevated risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This relationship is partially attributed to the influence of an HFD on the gut microbiota. The objective of this research was to evaluate the neuroprotective benefits of co-fermented black barley and quinoa with <i>Lactobacillus</i> (FG) against cognitive impairments triggered by an HFD and to investigate the microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms involved. C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups: the normal control group (NC, <i>n</i> = 10), the high-fat diet group (HFD, <i>n</i> = 10), the high-fat diet group supplemented with FG (HFG, 10 mL per kg BW, <i>n</i> = 10), and the high-fat diet group supplemented with <i>Lactobacillus</i> (HFL, 10 mL per kg BW, <i>n</i> = 10). Our results showed that the FG intervention enhanced the behavioral and locomotor skills of the mice, elevated the levels of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NPI) in brain tissues, and alleviated synaptic ultrastructural damage in the hippocampus. Furthermore, FG intervention was observed to exert a protective effect on both the blood-brain barrier and the colonic barrier, as evidenced by an increase in the mRNA levels of <i>Zona occludens-1</i> (<i>ZO-1</i>), <i>Claudin-4</i>, and <i>Occludin</i> in the hippocampus and colon. These beneficial effects may be attributed to FG's regulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis, which involves the restoration of intestinal flora diversity, reduction of the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> (F/B) ratio, and a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as <i>s_Escherichia coli E</i> and <i>g_Escherichia</i>; moreover, there was an increase in the abundances of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as <i>s_Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> and <i>s_Parabacteroides goldsteinii</i>. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the FG treatment downregulated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pathway and upregulated neurotransmitter biosynthetic pathways. These probiotic effects of FG resulted in reduced production and \"leakage\" of LPS and decreased mRNA expression of <i>Toll-like receptor 4</i> (<i>Tlr4</i>), <i>cluster of differentiation 14</i> (<i>CD14</i>), and <i>myeloid differentiation factor 88</i> (<i>Myd88</i>) in hippocampal and colon tissues. Consequently, a reduction was observed in the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, hippocampus, and colon, along with suppression of the immunoreactivity of microglia and astrocytes. Our results suggest that FG may serve as an intervention strategy for preventing cognitive impairments caused by an HFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xin Xia, Jinkai Zhang, Xinfang Wang, Ke Xiong, Zhaobao Pan, Jinyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03449j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03449j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High blood lipids, blood glucose, or blood pressure (\"3Bs\") are established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of vegetarian diets on these parameters were inconsistent in previous meta-analyses. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with comprehensive subgroup analyses, quality assessment, and sensitivity analyses to confirm the effects of vegetarian diets on 3Bs. The literature was searched from PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from the inception to February 2024. Human studies [both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] related to vegetarian diets and reporting 3Bs were included. The subjects were adults; the intervention/exposure was vegetarian diet which excludes the consumption of any meat, fish, and seafood and the control was an omnivorous diet; the minimum study length was two weeks. The results showed that the vegetarian diets significantly reduced the blood total cholesterol [WMD: -0.54 (95% CI: -0.60, -0.48) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for observational studies; WMD: -0.24 (95% CI -0.37, -0.10) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for RCTs], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [WMD: -0.41 (95% CI: -0.48, -0.34) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for observational studies; WMD: -0.25 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.12) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for RCTs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [WMD: -0.07 (95% CI: -0.09, -0.05) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for observational studies; WMD: -0.07 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.04) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for RCTs] level compared with the omnivorous diet in both healthy subjects and subjects with chronic diseases, while it had a null effect on the blood triglyceride level. In addition, the vegetarian diets significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) [WMD: -0.35 (95% CI: -0.50, -0.21) mmol L^-1, <i>p</i> < 0.001], glycated hemoglobin [WMD: -0.15 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.01) %, <i>p</i> = 0.034], and HOMA-IR [WMD: -0.98 (95% CI: -1.46, -0.51), <i>p</i> < 0.001] compared with the omnivorous diet, particularly when the duration was more than 12 weeks. The reduction effect on FBG was particularly significant by a vegan diet and/or in subjects with chronic diseases. The effects of the vegetarian and omnivorous diets on systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation has an immediate impact on the human milk fatty acid composition.","authors":"Yannan He, Lin Chen, Miao Miao, Yongmei Dai, Li Qin, Jing Lin, Yumei Qi, Huijuan Xiao, Yajun Qiu, Xiaohong Zhang, Hailan Sun, Jianing Wang, Meng-Yan Xu, Ping Tan, Bo Yang, Guiju Sun, Feng Zhao, Duo Li","doi":"10.1039/d4fo02548b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo02548b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. Fatty acids are essential components in breast milk with mutable characteristics. The fatty acid profiles of breast milk varied with lactating women's intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) including DHA, EPA, and ALA. <i>Objective</i>. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation and the hourly variation of the fatty acid compositions in breast milk. <i>Materials and methods</i>. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed in 600 human milk samples from 8 hospitals in 8 different Chinese areas. Blood and breast milk samples were obtained from a group of seventy-five lactating mothers, all within 6 to 9 months postpartum. Each mother collected 8 dried milk samples (DMSs) within 2 days: half an hour before breakfast; 2 and 3 hours after breakfast every day; and 2 and 3 hours after lunch on day 1. One fingertip blood sample was collected 10 minutes before the breakfast on the first day. The mothers took supplements containing about 3 grams of n-3 PUFAs at 10 minutes before the breakfast on day 2. <i>Results</i>. (1) In breast milk, oleic acid (C18:1n9c, OA) was the most abundant fatty acid (35.55%) followed by C18:2n6c (linoleic acid, LA, 24.45%); (2) the breast milk DHA of the inland participants (0.26%) was lower than that from coastal participants (0.57%), but compensated with much higher ALA (inland 3.19% <i>vs.</i> coastal 2.21%), and thus provided higher total milk n-3 PUFAs (inland 3.88% <i>vs.</i> coastal 3.28%); (3) the breast milk EPA and DHA increased from the baseline (EPA 0.17% and DHA 0.44%) after supplementation in 2 hours (EPA 0.18% and DHA 0.44%) and 3 hours (EPA 0.19% and DHA 0.46%). <i>Conclusions</i>. Dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs had an immediate impact on the breast milk fatty acid composition. The concentration of ALA, LA and OA was strengthened in breast milk compared to that in maternal blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Branched-chain amino acid modulation of lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and inflammation in a finishing pig model: targeting leucine and valine†","authors":"Xinbo Zhou, Junjie Zhang, Jian Shen, Baojing Cheng, Chongpeng Bi and Qingquan Ma","doi":"10.1039/D3FO03899H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO03899H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a regulatory role in adipogenesis and energy balance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of BCAA supplements, especially leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) supplementation, on lipid metabolism and related disorders in a finishing pig model. The results demonstrated that Leu (1%) and Val decreased serum as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, metabolomics and lipidomics analyses revealed that Leu and Val markedly downregulated the level of various lipid species in the liver. This outcome may be explained by Leu and Val promoting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) signaling pathways. Leu and Val altered the fatty acid composition in distinct adipose tissues and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors. Additionally, they significantly decreased back fat thickness, and the results of the fatty acid profiles demonstrated that Leu and Val significantly increased the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) while decreasing those of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), especially in back fat and abdominal fat. Besides, Leu and Val restored glucose homeostasis by suppressing gluconeogenesis through the serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling pathway in the liver and back fat. In summary, these results suggest that Leu and Val may serve as key regulators for modulating lipid metabolism and steatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 22","pages":" 10119-10134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the phosphorylation structure in casein phosphopeptides on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts and its mechanism","authors":"Wanying Zhong, Jian He, Wen Huang, Guangling Yin, Guo Liu, Yong Cao and Jianyin Miao","doi":"10.1039/D3FO03125J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO03125J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Our previous studies have shown that highly phosphorylated casein phosphopeptides (residues 1–25) P5 could efficiently bind calcium and promote intestinal calcium absorption, and enhanced bone development in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the phosphorylation structure in P5 on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and its mechanism. P5 was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and non-phosphorylated peptide P5-0 was obtained by chemical synthesis. Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of MC3T3-E1 cells treated by P5 was 1.10 times that of P5-0 at 200 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. P5 caused the cell cycle retention of MC3T3-E1 cells in the G2/M phase, while P5-0 had no significant difference in the G2/M phase. MC3T3-E1 cells incubated with P5 showed stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than with P5-0, suggesting a tendency to promote cellular differentiation. Compared to the P5-0 treatment group, the P5 treatment group at concentrations of 10 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small> showed significant differences in the mineralization rates (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). P5 significantly upregulated the expressions of Runx2, ALP, ColIα1, and OCN compared with the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, <em>in silico</em> molecular docking showed that the binding force of the P5-EGFR complex was stronger than that of the P5-0-EGFR complex, which was significantly related to the phosphorylation structure in P5 and might be an important reason for osteoblast proliferation. In conclusion, the phosphorylation structure and amino acid composition in P5 stimulated the osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells, and could be expected to be a functional food for the prevention of osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 22","pages":" 10107-10118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates the inflammatory response and recovers oral microbiota in acetic acid-induced oral inflammation mice†","authors":"Yani Pan, Helin Lv, Xinyu Feng, Su Zhou, Hao Hu, Shuxi Chen, Yan Cheng, Fangyuan Fan, Shuying Gong, Ping Chen and Qiang Chu","doi":"10.1039/D3FO03107A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO03107A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The oral microbiota, the second largest microbiome in the human body, plays an integral role in maintaining both the local oral and systemic health of the host. Oral microecological imbalances have been identified as a potential risk factor for numerous oral and systemic diseases. As a representative component of tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has demonstrated inhibitory effects on most pathogens in single-microbial models. In this study, the regulatory effect of EGCG on more complex oral microbial systems was further explored through a mouse model of acetic acid-induced oral inflammation. Acetic acid induces histological damage in the cheek pouch, tongue, and throat, such as broken mucosa, submucosal edema, and muscular disorders. These detrimental effects were ameliorated significantly following EGCG treatment. Additionally, EGCG reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α to alleviate the inflammation of the tongue, cheek pouch, and throat. According to the 16S rDNA gene sequencing data, EGCG treatment contributed to increased diversity of the oral microbiota and the reversal of oral microecological disorder. This study demonstrates the regulatory effect of EGCG on dysregulated oral microbiota, providing a potential option for the prevention and treatment of oral-microbiota-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 22","pages":" 10069-10082"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ability of supercritical CO2 carrot and pumpkin extracts to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS or MDA-MB-231 cell-conditioned media†","authors":"Luca Frattaruolo, Miriana Durante, Maria Stella Cappello, Anna Montefusco, Giovanni Mita, Anna Rita Cappello and Marcello Salvatore Lenucci","doi":"10.1039/D3FO03159D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO03159D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Supercritical fluid extraction with CO<small>₂</small> (SFE) is an alternative technology to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), to obtain food-grade bioactives from plants. Here, SFE and CSE extracts from carrot and pumpkin matrices, impregnated with hempseed or flaxseed oil as co-solvents, were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS, and their ability to counteract the inflammatory and oxidative phenomena underlying the onset of several pathologies was assessed <em>in vitro</em>. All extracts showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory potential and demonstrated an ability to interfere with the pro-inflammatory effects of breast cancer cell-conditioned media, and to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and nitrite production (NP) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is involved in these response mechanisms, as highlighted by the increased mRNA levels of its target genes revealed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. NP and ROS concentrations negatively correlated with α-tocopherol and most carotenoids, but positively with the total tocopherol/total carotenoid ratio, suggesting an idiosyncratic effect of these bioactives on cell responses and emphasizing the need to focus on extract constituents’ interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 22","pages":" 10083-10096"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49687628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrus peel extract protects against diesel exhaust particle-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like lung lesions and oxidative stress†","authors":"Zhang-fu Fang, Yu Fu, Yang Peng, Sheng-ren Song, Zhao-ni Wang, Yang Yang, Yi-chu Nie, Hai-long Han, Yan-bo Teng, Wei-min Xiao, Jia-ping Chen, Bao-jin Zhou, Guo-liang Ou, Jia-xing Xie, Xiao-yu Liu, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang and Nan-shan Zhong","doi":"10.1039/D3FO02010J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO02010J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and characterized by emphysema, small airway remodeling and mucus hypersecretion. Citrus peels have been widely used as food spices and in traditional Chinese medicine for chronic lung disease. Given that citrus peels are known for containing antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, we hypothesize that citrus peel intake can suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory response to air pollution exposure, thereby alleviating COPD-like pathologies. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of citrus peel extract, namely Guang Chenpi (GC), in preventing the development of COPD induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and its potential mechanism. DEP-induced COPD-like lung pathologies, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress with or without GC treatment were examined <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Our <em>in vivo</em> study showed that GC was effective in decreasing inflammatory cell counts and inflammatory mediator (IL-17A and TNF-α) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pretreatment with GC extract also significantly decreased oxidative stress in the serum and lung tissue of DEP-induced COPD rats. Furthermore, GC pretreatment effectively reduced goblet cell hyperplasia (PAS positive cells) and fibrosis of the small airways, decreased macrophage infiltration as well as carbon loading in the peripheral lungs, and facilitated the resolution of emphysema and small airway remodeling in DEP-induced COPD rats. An <em>in vitro</em> free radical scavenging assay revealed robust antioxidant potential of GC in scavenging DPPH free radicals. Moreover, GC demonstrated potent capacities in reducing ROS production and enhancing SOD activity in BEAS-2B cells stimulated by DEPs. GC treatment significantly attenuated the increased level of IL-8 and MUC5AC from DEP-treated BEAS-2B cells. Mechanistically, GC treatment upregulated the protein level of Nrf-2 and could function <em>via</em> MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways by suppressing the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and p65. Citrus peel extract is effective in decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of the peripheral lungs to DEP exposure. These protective effects further contributed to the resolution of COPD-like pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 21","pages":" 9841-9856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41230439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yak milk protects against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats†","authors":"Man Wang, Yanshi Jiang, Siying Wang, Lin Fu, Zujin Liang, Ying Zhang, Xiaodan Huang, Xin Li, Meiying Feng and Danfeng Long","doi":"10.1039/D3FO03675H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3FO03675H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The protective effects of yak milk (YM) against chronic alcoholic liver injury in rats were investigated in this study. Histologic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that YM consumption ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by increasing the liver antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing inflammation. Furthermore, microbiome and metabolomic analyses exploring YM's impact on gut microbiota and metabolism found that YM administration regulates gut microbiota composition. Specifically, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of <em>Helicobacter</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Peptococcus</em> and <em>Tyzzerella</em>, along with an increase in <em>Turisibacter</em> and <em>Intestinimonas</em>. Moreover, Pearson analysis indicated positive correlations between <em>Peptococcus</em> and <em>Tyzzerella</em> with ALT and AST levels, while showing a negative correlation with ADH levels. Furthermore, differential metabolite analysis of fecal samples from the YM group identified significant increases in the taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid), hypotaurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic Acid) and isethionic acid levels. Finally, KEGG topology analysis highlighted taurine and hypotaurine metabolism as the primary pathways influenced by YM intervention. Therefore, these findings collectively suggest that YM may protect alcohol-exposed rats against liver injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, gut microbiota disorder, and metabolic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 21","pages":" 9857-9871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49671768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}