Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Impact of pH on the fabrication of egg white reinforced soy protein composite microgels for gastrointestinal delivery purposes.","authors":"Feng Liu, Yi Liu, Suyun Zhang, Gang Liu, Christos Ritzoulis, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03997a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03997a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein molecules such as soy protein isolate (SPI) and egg white (EW) are highly promising materials for developing hydrogels (especially micro/nanogels) for the encapsulation, protection and controlled release of bioactive substances. However, there are limited numbers of studies on the formulation and behavior of these two gelling materials as microgels. In our study, composite microgels of SPI and EW at various component ratios and pH conditions have been successfully prepared; the rheological behavior and structural properties of these composite microgels before, during and after <i>in vitro</i> digestion have been analyzed; and their performance in curcumin encapsulation and gastrointestinal delivery has also been investigated. It was concluded that the SPI-EW composites at a mass ratio of 50 : 50 showed the best gelling properties in terms of storage modulus. Composite microgels prepared at pH 4 had larger particle sizes with more compact structures than those prepared at pH 7, due to their acidic complex coacervation, and therefore were more resistant to gastrointestinal digestion. The results suggest that the SPI-EW composite microgel particles prepared at pH 4 could achieve better sustained-release of curcumin in the <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal tract, with preserved antioxidant activity. Our study shows promise for the utilization of protein-based composite micro/nanogels for oral delivery applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds regulate appetite through the melanocortin system: a review.","authors":"Yujia Niu, Wancong Yu, Xiaohong Kou, Shuqi Wu, Mengyi Liu, Chenlong Chen, Jiaxin Ji, Ying Shao, Zhaohui Xue","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04024d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4fo04024d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity, a significant health crisis, arises from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Enhancing appetite regulation has garnered substantial attention from researchers as a novel and effective strategy for weight management. The melanocortin system, situated in the hypothalamus, is recognized as a critical node in the regulation of appetite. It integrates long-term and short-term hormone signals from the periphery as well as nutrients, forming a complex network of interacting feedback mechanisms with the gut-brain axis, significantly contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis. Appetite regulation by bioactive compounds has been a focus of intensive research due to their favorable safety profiles and easy accessibility. These bioactive compounds, derived from a variety of plant and animal sources, modulate the melanocortin system and influence appetite and energy homeostasis through multiple pathways: central nervous system, peripheral hormones, and intestinal microbiota. Here, we review the anatomy, function, and receptors of the melanocortin system, outline the long-term and short-term regulatory hormones that act on the melanocortin system, and discuss the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action that exert a regulatory effect on appetite by targeting the melanocortin system. This review contributes to a better understanding of how bioactive compounds regulate appetite <i>via</i> the melanocortin system, thereby providing nutritional references for citizens' dietary preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A probiotic multi-strain mixture combined with hydroxyectoine improves intestinal barrier function by alleviating inflammation in lipopolysaccharide stimulated differentiated Caco-2 cells.","authors":"Azza Dabous, Antonietta Stellavato, Donatella Cimini, Valentina Vassallo, Maria D'Agostino, Chiara Schiraldi","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03130j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4fo03130j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies have highlighted the role of probiotics in re-establishing the gut microbiota balance and preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction. In fact, they can also contribute to the upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, which are known to contribute to the development of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine (HOE), to be used as a cryopreservant but also for its intrinsic biological properties, to obtain a new formula containing three probiotic strains (<i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> (<i>L. fermentum</i>), <i>Levilactobacillus brevis</i> SP-48 (<i>L. brevis</i>), and <i>Bifidobacterium lactis</i> HN019 (<i>B. lactis</i>)), and evaluate the latter for its ability to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in an <i>in vitro</i> bi-dimensional model of the intestinal barrier using a Caco-2 cell monolayer. The mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were analyzed by real-time PCR. Changes in the modulation of (TLR-4 and NF-<b>κB</b>) proteins were assessed by western blotting, and the effect of the HOE/PRO formula on the intestinal epithelial barrier function was also assessed using an immunofluorescence microscope for the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). This study found that this novel probiotic formulation containing HOE is capable of decreasing LPS-induced cytokines, as confirmed by the results of RT-PCR and ELISA and preserving the integrity of tight junctions as demonstrated by the relevant expression of ZO-1. HOE/PRO was shown to be effective in reducing the expression of TLR-4 and NF-<b>κB</b>. The latter plays a key role as an inflammation modulator as shown through experiments run with the THP-1/NF-<b>κB</b> reporter gene. Collectively, our data indicate that the HOE/PRO formula is a good candidate for potential preventive and/or therapeutic implementation in IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goat milk derived small extracellular vesicles ameliorate LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.","authors":"Feng Gao, Xin Zhang, Zhiming Xu, Kang Zhang, Fusheng Quan","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04067h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04067h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal injury is often accompanied by epithelial barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Previous research studies have demonstrated that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from animal milk play a crucial role in regulating intestinal injury. Nonetheless, there has been limited research on the impact of goat milk sEVs on intestinal damage. This study aims to explore the functional differences between proteins in colostrum-derived sEVs (CME) and mature milk-derived sEVs (MME) from goat and elucidate their effects and mechanisms on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in IEC-6. Proteomic analysis revealed that both CME and MME are rich in various bioactive proteins that have regulatory effects on cell damage. CME and MME significantly improved LPS-induced IEC-6 barrier dysfunction and oxidative stress. Additionally, CME and MME alleviated LPS-induced IEC-6 proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Notably, CME exhibited a more significant improvement effect. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that CME ameliorates IEC-6 injury by inhibiting multiple genes and signaling pathways associated with cell damage, particularly the MAPK signaling pathway. In summary, goat milk-derived sEVs improve LPS-induced IEC-6 injury by targeting the MAPK signaling pathway, significantly restoring the intestinal epithelial barrier function, reducing oxidative stress, and alleviating apoptosis. These findings offer scientific evidence supporting the potential application of goat milk-derived sEVs as protective agents against intestinal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and quantification of phenolic, anthocyanidin and terpene species in plant foods and plant food-based complementary products with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.","authors":"Naomi May, Jiahua Shi, Helen Clunas, Julianna Lys de Sousa Alves Neri, Celine Kelso, Jody Morgan, Yinghua Yu, Karen Charlton, Katrina Weston-Green","doi":"10.1039/d4fo02942a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo02942a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds and terpenes, are of interest for the treatment and prevention of conditions with oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathologies. Certain plant foods have shown beneficial effects for the brain; however, the specific phenolic and terpene species in these foods are unclear. The present study aimed to characterise and quantify the phenolic, anthocyanidin and terpene species in six plant foods (Queen Garnet plum (QGP, <i>Prunus salicina</i>); black pepper (BPF, <i>Piper nigrum</i>); clove (CF, <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>); elderberry (EF, <i>Sambucus nigra</i>); lemon balm (LBF, <i>Melissa officinalis</i>); and sage (SF, <i>Salvia officinalis</i>)) and six plant food-based complementary products (clove (CC), elderberry (EC), lemon balm (LBC), and sage (SC), plus two blends (<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> and lemon balm-rich, WC and R8)). The relationships between the concentration of phytochemical species in these samples and their antioxidant capacities (<i>i.e.</i> oxygen and nitrogen free radical scavenging, Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺ chelating capacities, and the ability to prevent H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y cells, <i>in vitro</i>) were also examined. WC had the highest concentration of phenolics, followed by QGP, EF, CC and CF. BPF had the highest total terpene concentration followed by CC, CF and SF. Correlations between certain compounds and antioxidant capacity were demonstrated. The results provide insight into the potential functional capabilities of species of phenolics and terpenes. Understanding the phytochemical profile of plant foods and their correlations may be important in understanding their potential therapeutic benefits for brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating serum concentration profiles of orally ingested short-chain fatty acid supplements.","authors":"Christopher G Green, Marilyn L Y Ong, Samantha N Rowland, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Lewis J James, Tom Clifford, Stephen J Bailey, Liam M Heaney","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04028g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04028g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are naturally-occurring short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary fibre and have been associated with numerous positive health outcomes. All three acids have been shown to offer unique physiological and metabolic effects and, therefore, could be targeted for co-ingestion as part of a nutritional/medicinal plan. However, a better understanding of the outcomes of supplementing in combination on circulating concentration profiles is necessary to confirm uptake efficacy. This study sought to investigate the acute circulating concentration profiles of acetate, propionate, and butyrate following oral supplementation. Three experimental trials were conducted including investigations to understand the impact of capsule coating on circulating concentration profiles, the effect of supplementation dose on uptake kinetics, and the outcome of a short, repeated, supplementation routine on circulating levels. Serum samples were analysed for SCFA content using a quantitative GC-MS assay. It was observed that an acid-resistant coated capsule caused a delayed and blunted blood concentration response, with the non-acid resistant trial displaying earlier and more intense peak serum concentrations. For dose comparison investigations, all SCFAs peaked within 60 min and returned to baseline concentrations by 120 min post-supplementation. A graded dose relationship was present for propionate and butyrate when considering the total circulating exposure across a 240 min monitoring period. In addition, a one-week, twice-daily, repeated supplementation protocol resulted in no changes in basal serum SCFA concentrations. Overall, these data indicate that acetate, propionate, and butyrate display relatively similar circulating concentration profiles following oral co-ingestion, adding knowledge to help inform supplementation strategies for future outcomes where acute elevation of circulating SCFAs is desired.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspartate restrains thermogenesis by inhibiting the AMPK pathway in adipose tissues.","authors":"Shengjun Dong, Mengxin Jiang, Qinglei Sun, Junqing Xu, Lei Zhang, Lei Han, Yan-Na Li, Zhengtong Zhou, Yingjiang Xu","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03614j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03614j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in obesity and related diseases. Great progress has been made in identifying positive regulators that activate adipocyte thermogenesis, but negative regulatory signaling of thermogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the potential effects of aspartate on the BAT function. We found that the circulating aspartate level is positively associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity in adults. Acute cold exposure significantly increases BAT aspartate as well as other amino acid levels in mice. In this regard, we speculate that aspartate may play a role in regulating the BAT function and systemic energy homeostasis. To verify the hypothesis, we altered aspartate availability to explore the effects on adipose tissue metabolism. Supplementation of aspartate exogenously inhibits the thermogenic gene expression and cold tolerance in mice. Intriguingly, aspartate bioavailability inhibits mitochondrial biosynthesis essentially through the suppression of mechanistic targeting of the AMPK cascade. Therefore, an evaluation of whether a diet deficient in aspartate will increase oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria to reestablish aspartate levels and therefore increase the energy expenditure will be interesting because these effects can prevent or ameliorate the development of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenols for stroke therapy: the role of oxidative stress regulation.","authors":"Yusong Luo, Ruolan Liu, Guoqiang Yuan, Yawen Pan","doi":"10.1039/d4fo01900h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo01900h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is associated with a high incidence and disability rate, which seriously endangers human health. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the underlying pathologic progression of cerebral damage in stroke. Emerging experimental studies suggest that polyphenols have antioxidant potential and express protective effects after different types of strokes, but no breakthrough has been achieved in clinical studies. Nanomaterials, due to small characteristic sizes, can be used to deliver drugs, and have shown excellent performance in the treatment of various diseases. The drug delivery capability of nanomaterials has significant implications for the clinical translation and application of polyphenols. This comprehensive review introduces the mechanism of oxidative stress in stroke, and also summarizes the antioxidant effects of polyphenols on reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress after stroke. Also, the application characteristics and research progress of nanomaterials in the treatment of stroke with antioxidants are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between vitamin D metabolic pathway-related gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Jiao Pang, Chunshuo Yang, Jiaqi Liu, Zhilin Wang, Xueshu Tao, Zhipeng Cao","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03234a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03234a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D plays important roles in various physiological processes such as cardiovascular health, calcium balance regulation, bone health, immune system support, neurological function regulation, muscle function maintenance, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, maintaining its adequate levels is essential for overall health. Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways have become a key factor affecting the susceptibility and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This article reviews the relationship between gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways and vitamin D levels or CVD. It is emphasized that the polymorphisms of key genes such as GC, VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 are related to the pathogenesis of CVD. These polymorphisms can regulate serum levels of vitamin D, thereby affecting the susceptibility, comorbidities and clinical manifestations of CVD. Despite the progress made, there are still inconsistencies and gaps in the literature. Thus, it is necessary to conduct large-scale, multicenter studies to verify these findings and deepen our understanding of the intricate interactions between gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolic pathways and CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on mechanisms of hypoglycemic effects of compounds from highland barley and potential applications.","authors":"Yanan Liu, Yuanqiang Jia, Yingying Wu, Huijuan Zhang, Feiyue Ren, Sumei Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d4fo00940a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo00940a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, presents a significant global health challenge. Dietary interventions, with their minimal side effects, hold great promise as effective strategies for blood sugar management. Highland barley (HB) boasts a comprehensive and unique nutritional composition, characterized by high protein, high fiber, high vitamins, low fat, low sugar, and diverse bioactive components. These attributes make it a promising candidate for alleviating high blood sugar. This review explores the mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering properties of HB, emphasizing its nutritional profile and bioactive constituents. Additionally, it examines the impact of common HB processing techniques on its nutrient composition and highlights its applications in food products. By advancing the understanding of HB's value and mechanisms in diabetes prevention, this review aims to facilitate the development of HB-based foods suitable for diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}