异常脂肪酸代谢驱动心血管疾病的分子机制:关键调控靶点和饮食干预。

IF 5.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Food & Function Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI:10.1039/d5fo01237f
Rui Yang, Jiao Pang, Xue Zhong, Shuyang Pang, Xuefeng Hu, Chenfei Wei, Weiqi Yan, Xueting Chen, Rui Zhao, Baojun Xu, Zhipeng Cao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,心血管疾病已成为全球主要的死亡危险因素之一。脂肪酸代谢作为心肌代谢的主要能量来源,其改变在心血管疾病患者心肌能量失衡中起着至关重要的作用。这些代谢紊乱可通过多种机制影响血管和心肌细胞功能,从而促进心血管疾病的发生和发展。此外,脂肪酸在日常饮食中含量丰富,进一步强调了调节脂肪酸代谢作为心血管疾病及其危险因素的潜在治疗和预防策略的重要性。本文系统地探讨了短链、中链和长链脂肪酸代谢与心血管疾病(包括动脉粥样硬化(AS)、冠心病(CHD)、高血压、心律失常、心肌病和心力衰竭(HF))之间的关系。它还深入研究了这些FAs影响CVD病理的潜在机制。有证据表明,短链FAs (SCFAs)通过激活GPR41/43受体,抑制炎症,减少氧化应激,改善内皮功能。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 PUFAs)通过调节脂质代谢、抑制血小板聚集和发挥抗炎作用来降低心血管疾病风险,而ω-6 PUFAs由于其促炎特性可能加剧疾病进展。饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)通过诱导脂肪毒性、氧化应激和血管重塑来促进心血管疾病。此外,FA代谢关键分子CD36、CPT1、ppar、AMPK等的失衡与心肌能量功能障碍、炎症和纤维化密切相关。这篇综述强调了饮食干预的潜力,如增加ω-3 PUFAs和scfa的摄入,以及靶向FA代谢途径(如FFARs, AMPK激活剂)在预防和治疗心血管疾病中的作用。它还强调需要进一步的临床研究来验证这些方法的疗效和机制。总之,这篇综述为理解FAs代谢在心血管疾病中的作用提供了一个全面的理论框架,并概述了开发新的治疗策略的方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Molecular mechanisms of aberrant fatty acids metabolism in driving cardiovascular diseases: key regulatory targets and dietary interventions.

In recent years, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as one of the leading global risk factors for mortality. As the primary energy source for myocardial metabolism, alterations in fatty acid (FAs) metabolism play a crucial role in myocardial energy imbalance in patients with CVDs. These metabolic disruptions can affect vascular and myocardial cell function through various mechanisms, thereby contributing to the onset and progression of CVDs. Additionally, FAs are abundant in the daily diet, further emphasizing the importance of regulating FA metabolism as a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy for CVDs and its risk factors. This review systematically examines the relationship between the metabolism of short-chain, medium-chain, and long-chain FAs and CVDs, including atherosclerosis (AS), coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure (HF). It also delves into the underlying mechanisms by which these FAs influence CVD pathology. Evidence suggests that short-chain FAs (SCFAs) inhibit inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function through the activation of GPR41/43 receptors. ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs (ω-3 PUFAs) reduce CVD risk by modulating lipid metabolism, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects, whereas ω-6 PUFAs may exacerbate disease progression due to their pro-inflammatory properties. Saturated FAs (SFAs) promote CVDs by inducing lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, the imbalance of key molecules in FA metabolism, such as CD36, CPT1, PPARs, and AMPK, is closely linked to myocardial energy dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review highlights the potential of dietary interventions-such as increased intake of ω-3 PUFAs and SCFAs-as well as the targeting of FA metabolic pathways (e.g., FFARs, AMPK activators) in the prevention and treatment of CVDs. It also emphasizes the need for further clinical studies to verify the efficacy and mechanisms of these approaches. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the role of FAs metabolism in CVDs and outlines directions for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

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来源期刊
Food & Function
Food & Function BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
6.60%
发文量
957
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: Food & Function provides a unique venue for physicists, chemists, biochemists, nutritionists and other food scientists to publish work at the interface of the chemistry, physics and biology of food. The journal focuses on food and the functions of food in relation to health.
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