Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"Group exercise in long-term care facilities, alignment with World Health Organization recommendations: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Salud Poveda-López,&nbsp;Carmen Lillo-Navarro,&nbsp;Joaquina Montilla-Herrador","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02954-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02954-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Maintaining functional status in institutionalized older people is a challenge for long-term care (LTC) institutions. In this regard, exercise may have positive effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines which include recommendations of exercise for each population group. Nonetheless, the literature shows that the levels of exercise among institutionalized population are still low.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study sought to determine: (1) the characteristics of exercise programs for older people performed by health professionals in LTC facilities, (2) the knowledge and use of the WHO recommendations and guidelines for exercising among older people in LTC facilities; (3) the limitations identified by health professionals regarding the application of the WHO guidelines.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional national survey following STROBE guideline was performed. Sample: professionals developing exercise programs for institutionalized older people. A Delphi study was conducted to create the survey which included sociodemographic data, exercise characteristics, knowledge about WHO recommendations and limitations regarding their application. Descriptive statistics were used on the data, such as Pearson’s χ2 and independent t- test.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Many professionals do not know (27,5%) or do not follow (52%) the guidelines proposed by the WHO. There is a low weekly frequency for strength exercises (30%) and aerobic exercise (51%). The professional contract influences the weekly frequency of exercise. Most identified limitations for using the WHO recommendations were the lack of time and large groups.</p><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><p>Recommendations of WHO guidelines are familiar to many professionals, however, some are difficult to implement in exercise programs in LTC facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02954-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunistic muscle density assay during CT lung cancer screening for low muscle quality evaluation in older adults: a multicenter study","authors":"Xin Chen,&nbsp;Xifa Gao,&nbsp;Rongzhou Wang,&nbsp;Zicheng Wei,&nbsp;Jiangchuan Wang,&nbsp;Miaomiao Wang,&nbsp;Chao Xie,&nbsp;Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02933-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02933-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intramuscular adiposity, which can be reflected by muscle computed tomography (CT) attenuation, may be a marker of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate muscle attenuation across the life course and thresholds of muscle attenuation for evaluating low muscle quality in older adults.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective multicenter study included 9701 subjects aged 20 years and older who underwent CT lung cancer screening from 2019 to 2021 at our institutions in cohort 1. Muscle attenuation (Hounsfield units [HUs]) of the bilateral erector spinae and spleen attenuation at the middle level of the T11 vertebra were measured. The T score, which is analogous to that used to define osteoporosis, was calculated on the basis of absolute muscle attenuation and the muscle‒spleen ratio (M/S). A T score &lt; -2.5 was used to define low muscle density. The cutoff points for muscle CT attenuation and M/S were subsequently calculated to define low muscle density. Another cohort (cohort 2) of 2006 subjects aged 50 years or older was included to explore the association between low muscle quality and vertebral compression fracture (VCF).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean [SD] age of cohort 1 was 51.8 [15.5] years, and 5896 [60.8%] men were included. The mean [SD] age of cohort 2 was 62.4 [9.6] years, and 1162 [57.9%] men were included. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age was associated with muscle CT attenuation (β = -0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.18) and the M/S ratio (β = -0.004, 95% CI: -0.004 to -0.003). The prevalence of low muscle density was dependent on the cutoff point and increased with age. A cutoff point of 32 HU for women and 37 HU for men and an M/S of 0.65 for women and 0.75 for men were used to define low muscle density. Low muscle density defined by those cutoff points was associated with the risk of VCF [muscle attenuation: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.422 (95% CI: 0.256–0.696) for women; aHR = 0.391 (95% CI: 0.173–0.883) for men; M/S: aHR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23–0.68) for women; aHR = 0.23 (95% CI: 0.09–0.58) for men].</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Muscle density decreases with age. The muscle attenuation of 32 HU for women and 37 HU for men, an M/S of 0.65 for women and 0.75 for men, may be used to define low muscle density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02933-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing in-hospital mortality prediction in older patients with sepsis: the role of frailty indices and multidrug-resistance status in non-ICU wards—a proof-of-concept study","authors":"Chukwuma Okoye,&nbsp;Andrea Piazzoli,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Ferrara,&nbsp;Alberto Finazzi,&nbsp;Alice Margherita Ornago,&nbsp;Elena Pinardi,&nbsp;Beatrice Tonus,&nbsp;Paolo Mazzola,&nbsp;Andrea Ticinesi,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bellelli","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02955-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02955-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prognostic stratification in older patients with sepsis is challenging due to frailty and the role of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>To test the predictive accuracy of different frailty measures, blood routine tests and MDR infection status for in-hospital mortality among older patients with sepsis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years with qSOFA ≥ 2 and positive cultures admitted to a tertiary care hospital were enrolled. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), the Primary Care–Frailty Index (PC-FI), and a 50-item FI. A base logistic regression model including age, sex, WBC count, platelets, creatinine, hs-CRP, and lactate predicted mortality. Frailty indices and MDR status were sequentially added, and model performance was compared using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC). A nomogram was developed to visualize mortality probabilities.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 93 patients (median age 80, IQR [72–84] years, 63.4% males), in-hospital mortality was 16.1%. Deceased patients were frailer and had a higher number of comorbidities. By logistic multivariable regression, the base model achieved an AUROC of 0.771 for predicting in-hospital mortality. Adding frailty indices improved model performance to 0.800 (PC-FI), 0.817 (CFS), and 0.823 (FI). Incorporating MDR status further increased AUROC to 0.890 (PC-FI + MDR), 0.907 (CFS + MDR), and 0.922 (FI + MDR), outperforming the base model (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 for all).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Incorporating frailty indices and MDR status of culture isolates into traditional prognostic parameters improves mortality prediction in older patients admitted with sepsis, enabling more accurate risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02955-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalised screening tool for early detection of sarcopenia in stroke patients: a machine learning-based comparative study","authors":"Huan Yan,&nbsp;Juan Li,&nbsp;Yujie Li,&nbsp;Lihong Xian,&nbsp;Huan Tang,&nbsp;Xuejiao Zhao,&nbsp;Ting Lu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02945-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02945-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sarcopenia is a common complication in patients with stroke, adversely affecting recovery and increasing mortality risk. However, no standardised tool exists for its screening in this population. This study aims to identify factors influencing sarcopenia in patients with stroke, develop a risk prediction model and evaluate its predictive performance.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from 794 patients with stroke were analysed to assess demographic and clinical characteristics. Variable selection was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, followed by multivariate regression analysis. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms were used to construct prediction models, with the optimal model subjected to external validation. Internal validation was conducted via bootstrap resampling, and external validation involved an additional cohort of 159 patients with stroke. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Seven variables were identified through LASSO and multivariate regression analysis. The LR model achieved the highest AUC (0.805), outperforming the RF (0.796) and XGBoost (0.780) models. Additionally, the LR model exhibited superior accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F1-score. External validation confirmed the LR model’s robustness, with an AUC of 0.816. Calibration and DCA curves demonstrated their accuracy and clinical applicability.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A predictive model, presented as a nomogram and an online risk calculator, was developed to assess sarcopenia risk in patients with stroke. Early screening using this model may facilitate timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02945-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical implication of anemia in older patients with dementia with lewy bodies","authors":"Abdulkadir Karismaz,&nbsp;Pinar Soysal,&nbsp;Rafet Eren,&nbsp;Istemi Serin,&nbsp;Irem Bilgic,&nbsp;Irem Tanriverdi,&nbsp;Lee Smith","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02958-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02958-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This research sought to investigate the possible connection between anemia and various parameters of comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly individuals diagnosed with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). To our knowledge, this investigation represents the first attempt to examine how anemia impacts patients suffering from DLB.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study encompassed 147 DLB patients from a single geriatric outpatient clinic. The study defined anemia as hemoglobin levels under 12 g/dL for women and 13 g/dL for men. Patients’ demographic information, coexisting medical conditions, and results from comprehensive geriatric evaluations were also recorded.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants in the study had an average age of 85.4 ± 7.1 years. Anemia was present in 46.9% of the patients. Significant disparities were noted between individuals with and without anemia regarding the occurrence of congestive heart failure (CHF), polypharmacy, geriatric depression, and insomnia (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). After controlling for age, gender, and CHF in the multivariate analysis, the association between anemia and both the quantity of medications used [OR: 1.15 (95% CI:1.01-1,31)] and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores [OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.98] remained statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) when comparing anemic patients to non-anemic individuals.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the present study almost one in two older patients with DLB were anemic. Anemia is associated with presence of CHF, higher number of drugs and depressive mood in DLB. It is recommended that healthcare providers should recognize the importance of anemia and its associated effects when treating older adults with DLB. This approach may lead to more effective management and treatment of this complex condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02958-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial size and echocardiographic diastolic parameters as predictors of incident atrial fibrillation in older hospitalized patients","authors":"Yan Yin,&nbsp;Yanguang Li,&nbsp;Lili Wang,&nbsp;Qiaoyuan Li,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Zhipeng Hu,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhuo Liang,&nbsp;ShaoMin Chen,&nbsp;Yunlong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02936-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02936-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The associations between left atrial (LA) size, echocardiographic diastolic parameter (E/A ratio), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in older inpatients remain underexplored.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between LA size, E/A ratio, and AF risk in older hospitalized patients.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Between January 2015 and May 2023, a total of 2,615 older inpatients (aged ≥ 65 years) were enrolled in this retrospective longitudinal study. Left atrial diameter (LAD) and E/A ratio were measured using transthoracic echocardiography.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Over a median follow-up of 844 days (IQR: 331–1355 days), 209 patients (8.0%) experienced at least one incident of AF. After adjusting for covariates, large LA and high E/A ratio were significantly associated with incident AF, with an 11% increase in risk for each 1 mm increase in LAD over 35 mm (adjusted HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10–1.13) and a 30% increased risk per standard deviation increase in E/A ratio when E/A ratio exceeded 0.65 (adjusted HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23–1.37), P &lt; 0.001. The influence of LA size and E/A ratio on incident AF was more pronounced in the younger subgroup of older adults. Incorporating LAD and E/A ratios into the CHA2DS2-VASc score improved its predictive accuracy (AUC _increase = 0.168, P &lt; 0.001).</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This study shows that LA size and E/A ratio are key predictors of AF in hospitalized older patients, with age influencing their predictive value. Incorporating these factors into the CHA2DS2-VASc score enhances risk stratification and highlights the need for early AF screening in this group.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In hospitalized older patients, large LA and high E/A ratio are associated with incident AF, and these associations are more pronounced in younger individuals. LAD and E/A ratios provide incremental predictive value for AF beyond the CHA2DS2-VASc score.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>LA, left atrium; ASE: American Society of Echocardiography; E, mitral inflow velocity in the early diastolic phase; A, mitral inflow velocity in the late diastolic phase; AF: Atrial Fibrillation.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02936-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic short version of the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES): Assessing concern about falling among older adults","authors":"Maha M. Almarwani,&nbsp;Worood M. Alharbi,&nbsp;Walid A. Alkeridy","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02949-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02949-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Concern about falling is a significant issue among older adults, affecting their quality of life and functional independence. Culturally adapted and validated assessment tools are essential for accurately evaluating concern about falling. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic short version of the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The translation and cultural adaptation process followed established guidelines. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and known-groups validity of the scale were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 123 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 69.54 ± 3.48 years; 53.7% male) participated. The Arabic short version of Icon-FES demonstrated strong structural validity, with EFA supporting a unidimensional structure accounting for 73.47% of the variance. It exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach’s <i>α</i> = 0.95) and excellent test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.97). Convergent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with the Arabic Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I; <i>r</i>_<i>s</i> = 0.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), Single Leg Stance (SLS; <i>r</i>_<i>s</i> =  − 0.34, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS; <i>r</i>_s = 0.44, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Known-groups validity showed higher scores in females, those with lower education, and a history of falls.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Arabic short version of Icon-FES is a reliable and valid tool for assessing concern about falling among community-dwelling older adults. It offers an innovative approach through culturally adapted visual elements that could enhance applicability, enabling accurate assessment and supporting targeted interventions among Arabic-speaking older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02949-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 12-month physical and cognitive training on sarcopenia determinants in older adults: a subgroup analysis of a randomised clinical trial","authors":"Onni Oskari Hämäläinen,&nbsp;Tiina Marketta Savikangas,&nbsp;Anna-Katriina Tirkkonen,&nbsp;Markku Juhani Alén,&nbsp;Arto Jorma Hautala,&nbsp;Sarianna Sipilä","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02935-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02935-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low physical activity is a major risk for sarcopenia. Whether training according to physical activity guidelines accompanied with cognitive training is effective on sarcopenia, remains unclear.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>We investigated whether the effects of 12-month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) and physical training (PT) on grip and knee extension strength, muscle mass, and walking speed differed between older adults with and without sarcopenia.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Community-dwelling older adults (<i>N</i> = 314, mean age 74.5 ± 3.8 years, 60% women) who did not meet physical activity guidelines were randomized to PTCT and PT groups. PT for both groups included supervised and home-based multicomponent physical training. Cognitive training (CT) included computer-based exercises for executive functioning. Sarcopenia was determined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2019 criteria. Generalized estimation equation analysis were conducted.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to PT, PTCT had no additive effect on strength, muscle mass, or walking speed in participants with or without sarcopenia. In pooled data (PT + PTCT) change in the grip strength was greater in sarcopenia (<i>n</i> = 49) group compared to non-sarcopenia (<i>n</i> = 264) group (interaction, <i>p</i> =.014). Both groups improved knee extension strength, and walking speed, but no statistically significant difference between the groups were observed. Muscle mass did not change in either group.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Physical training according to physical activity recommendations improves muscle strength, walking speed, and maintains muscle mass in sarcopenia. Additional cognitive training had no benefits on these outcomes.</p><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p>ISRCTN52388040 and date of registration 20/1/2017.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02935-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stair-descent phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults determined using high-level balance tasks","authors":"Takahiro Tanaka,&nbsp;Kimitaka Hase,&nbsp;Kimihiko Mori,&nbsp;Masanori Wakida,&nbsp;Yasuaki Arima,&nbsp;Takanari Kubo,&nbsp;Meguru Taguchi","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02929-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02929-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Falls on stairs are a major cause of severe injuries among older adults, with stair descent posing significantly greater risks than ascent. Variations in stair descent phenotypes may reflect differences in physical function and biomechanical stability, and their identification may prevent falls.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study aims to classify stair descent phenotypes in older adults and investigate the biomechanical and physical functional differences between these phenotypes using hierarchical cluster analysis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-two older adults participated in this study. Stair descent was measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Physical function was assessed using measures of muscle strength, walking speed, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&amp;M).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed on kinematic data obtained during stair descent. Three phenotypes were identified: neutral (N-type; 24%), extension (E-type; 52%), and rotation (R-type; 23%). There were no significant differences in lower limb muscle strength or walking speed among the different types, and TUG scores showed no differences in terms of mobility or balance abilities. However, CB&amp;M scores were significantly lower for E-type and R-type compared to N-type. Sub-analyses revealed that while there were no differences in the mobility factor of CB&amp;M between E-type and R-type, the strength factors were significantly lower compared to those for N-type.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These results suggest that E-type and R-type stair-descent patterns may be influenced by declines in standing balance ability and muscle strength.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings may inform fall-prevention training programs related to stair descent among older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between preoperative lacunar infarcts and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study","authors":"Danni Li,&nbsp;Pan Gu,&nbsp;Yuhao Wang,&nbsp;Yuchen Yao,&nbsp;Dan Fan","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02909-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02909-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The primary goal was to investigate whether the presence of preoperative lacunar infarcts (LACI) was associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery.</p><h3>Design</h3><p>A prospective cohort study.</p><h3>Setting and participants</h3><p>Patients aged ≥ 65 years from a tertiary level A hospital in China.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The POD was assessed once daily within the first postoperative 3 days using the Confusion Assessment Method. Neurocognitive tests using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scales were carried out within 3 days before surgery and 4–7 days after surgery. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO₂) was recorded in the operating room. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of preoperative LACI on POD and to explore the risk factors for POD.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 369 participants were analyzed, 161 in the preoperative LACI-positive group (P group), and 208 in the preoperative LACI-negative group (N group), respectively. The incidence of POD was 32.7% in our study. The incidence of POD was significantly higher in the P group than in the N group (39.1 vs 27.9%, risk ratio, 1.66; 95% CI 1.07–2.58; <i>P</i> = 0.022). Furthermore, the P group exhibited lower mean rScO₂ values during the procedure (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In exploratory analysis, the advanced age (<i>P</i> = 0.005), sex (<i>P</i> = 0.038), and lower preoperative MMSE score (<i>P</i> = 0.019) were independent risk factors for POD in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.</p><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><p>Preoperative LACI was common, and constituted a risk factor for POD in older patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Despite the frequent subclinical nature, the preoperative LACI led to lower mean rScO₂ during the procedure. These findings could help early identification of high-risk POD patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}