{"title":"Suggestions for the decision making in subjective cognitive complaints","authors":"Benedetta Basagni, Eduardo Navarrete","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02875-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02875-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the increasing life expectancy has underscored the importance of cognitive health alongside physical well-being, particularly because healthy adults may report subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), often related to memory. These complaints may or may not align with objective cognitive impairments, fueling ongoing debates about whether SCC could serve as an early indicator of dementia. While some studies suggest SCC as a potential precursor to dementia, others propose that these complaints may merely co-occur with cognitive decline. Despite the lack of consensus, addressing SCC remains crucial for early intervention, especially as emerging treatments for dementia show promise when applied at early stages. Risk factors associated with dementia, such as age, education, family history, and comorbid conditions like depression and diabetes, have been incorporated into predictive models. However, clinical practice continues to rely heavily on neuropsychological assessments to bridge subjective complaints with objective cognitive performance and may often require additional investigations, such as neuroimaging. Factors such as cognitive reserve, depression, stress, sleep disturbances, and personality traits also play significant roles in the interpretation of SCC. Some of these conditions may potentially mask underlying cognitive decline. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, integrating neuropsychological testing with a thorough anamnesis, can help distinguish between cognitive disorders and other contributing factors. Here, we propose a flowchart to guide clinicians in the management of SCC, integrating key factors to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Despite the challenges involved, a careful and holistic approach remains essential for effective patient care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02875-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Zhang, Zhuqing Li, Meng Wang, Yanxin Wang, Chengzhi Lu
{"title":"Association of non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol to highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and subsequent hypertension and heart diseases: findings from the CHARLS cohort","authors":"Feng Zhang, Zhuqing Li, Meng Wang, Yanxin Wang, Chengzhi Lu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02919-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02919-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>NHHR, the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is a novel lipid marker associated with the risk of heart diseases and various health conditions. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between NHHR and the onset of hypertension and heart diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NHHR and the new-onset hypertension and heart diseases among the Chinese middle-aged and older general population.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective cohort study utilized data from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 and older, sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The primary outcomes of the study were new-onset hypertension and heart diseases. To investigate the relationship between the NHHR and the risk of new-onset hypertension and heart diseases, multivariate logistic regression models and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method were employed. Additionally, the mediating effects of hypertension on the association between NHHR and heart diseases were assessed using the bootstrap method.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 5349 participants were included in the final analysis and three groups of NHHR were identified, including low-stable, medium-stable, and high-stable NHHR. By 2020, 1,631 participants (30.5%) had been newly diagnosed with hypertension, while 1233 (23.1%) developed heart diseases. Compared to those with a low-stable NHHR, individuals in the other two groups showed a significantly increased risk of developing hypertension and heart diseases. The findings remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses. According to the RCS analysis, a partial U-shaped relationship existed between the NHHR and the risk of developing hypertension and heart diseases (P for nonlinear < 0.001). Furthermore, hypertension was found to partially mediate the association between NHHR and heart diseases.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The NHHR was closely associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension and heart diseases. In addition, the NHHR partially mediated the development of heart diseases by promoting hypertension progression. In the prevention and treatment of heart diseases, managing both lipid levels and blood pressure is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02919-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyi Yang, Yani Su, Ke Xu, Pengfei Wen, Jiale Xie, Xianjie Wan, Wensen Jing, Zhi Yang, Lin Liu, Peng Xu
{"title":"Viral infections of the central nervous system increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study","authors":"Mingyi Yang, Yani Su, Ke Xu, Pengfei Wen, Jiale Xie, Xianjie Wan, Wensen Jing, Zhi Yang, Lin Liu, Peng Xu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02927-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02927-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) represents a condition under the influence of central nervous system (CNS) regulatory mechanisms. This investigation aims to examine the causal association between viral infections of the central nervous system (VICNS) and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (IDCNS) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) at the genetic level.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this investigation, VICNS and IDCNS were considered as primary exposure variables, while KOA served as the primary outcome. Employing a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we conducted an analysis utilizing summary data derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS summary data pertaining to VICNS and IDCNS were procured from the Finnish consortium, whereas the IEU OpenGWAS database furnished the requisite data for KOA. To ensure the robustness of our genetic causal assessment, a comprehensive array of sensitivity analyses was undertaken, encompassing evaluations of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, outlier identification, leave-one-out analyses, and assessment of the normal distribution.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the MR analyses revealed a suggestive positive genetic causal relationship between VICNS and KOA (<i>P</i> = 0.012, odds ratio [OR] with a 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.033 [1.007–1.059]). Conversely, the MR analyses did not indicate any evidence of genetic causation between IDCNS and KOA (<i>P</i> = 0.575, OR 95% CI = 0.986 [0.940–1.035]). Importantly, the genetic causal assessment of the exposure and outcome variables did not demonstrate any indications of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or outliers. Furthermore, this assessment remained robust against the influence of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and exhibited adherence to a normal distribution.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The result of this study has elucidated a suggestive positive genetic causal link between the VICNS and KOA. However, no such genetic causal relationship was observed between the IDCNS and KOA. These findings substantiate the genetic underpinnings supporting the association between the CNS and OA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02927-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing Tan, Yan Cheng, Junfeng Li, Yuhao Zheng, Cong Xiao, Haoning Guo, Bing Wang, Jianyuan Ouyang, Wenmin Wang, Jisheng Wang
{"title":"Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomic profiling reveals principal differences between osteopenia, Osteoporosis and healthy controls","authors":"Bing Tan, Yan Cheng, Junfeng Li, Yuhao Zheng, Cong Xiao, Haoning Guo, Bing Wang, Jianyuan Ouyang, Wenmin Wang, Jisheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02923-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02923-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteopenia (ON) and osteoporosis (OP) are highly prevalent among postmenopausal women and poses a challenge for early diagnosis. Therefore, identifying reliable biomarkers for early prediction using metabolomics is critically important.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Initially, non-targeted metabolomics was employed to identify differential metabolites in plasma samples from cohort 1, which included healthy controls (HC, <i>n</i> = 23), osteonecrosis (ON, <i>n</i> = 36), and osteoporosis (OP, <i>n</i> = 37). Subsequently, we performed targeted metabolomic validation of 37 amino acids and their derivatives in plasma samples from cohort 2, consisting of healthy controls (HC, <i>n</i> = 10), osteonecrosis (ON, <i>n</i> = 10), and osteoporosis (OP, <i>n</i> = 10).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed an increase in differential metabolites with the progression of the disease, showing abnormalities in lipid and organic acid metabolism in ON and OP patients. Several substances were found to correlate positively or negatively with bone mineral density (BMD), for example, N-undecanoylglycine, sphingomyelins, and phosphatidylinositols exhibited positive correlations with BMD, while acetic acid, phenylalanine, taurine, inosine, and pyruvic acid showed negative correlations with BMD. Subsequently, targeted validation of 37 amino acids and their metabolites revealed six amino acids related to ON and OP.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Significant metabolomic features were identified between HC and patients with ON/OP, with multiple metabolites correlating positively or negatively with BMD. Integrating both targeted and non-targeted metabolomic results suggests that lipid, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism may represent important metabolomic characteristics of patients with OP, offering new insights into the development of metabolomic applications in OP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02923-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenyue Fu, Yajiao Wang, Lu Zhao, Yumeng Li, Qingqiao Song
{"title":"Seeking optimal non-pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Zhenyue Fu, Yajiao Wang, Lu Zhao, Yumeng Li, Qingqiao Song","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02920-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02920-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the acceleration of aging, sarcopenia has become a reality of concern today. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various non-pharmacologic interventions and find the optimal interventions for sarcopenia.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Medline OVID, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched from 1 January 2000 to 25 October 2023, with language restrictions to English. We analyzed the data through the Bayesian network meta-analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined by the PICOS principles, we identified 47 eligible clinical trials engaging 4889 individuals (including treatment group = 2835, control group = 2054). The results showed that resistance exercise (low-moderate load) significantly increased muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass) and that exercise plus nutrition improved physical activity indices (handgrip strength, gait speed, TUG test, chair standing).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Resistance exercise (low-moderate load), exercise plus nutrition, and nutritional supplementation (fatty acids, etc.) may be protective against sarcopenia.</p><p><i>Systematic Review Registration</i> https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=474799, ID: CRD4202347479.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02920-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Romosozumab adverse event profile: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2019 to 2023","authors":"Luyu Liu, Shaobo Wu, Liangliang Wei, Zhihao Xia, Jiajia Ji, Dageng Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02921-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02921-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to analyze adverse drug events (ADE) related to romosozumab from the second quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2023 from FAERS database.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The ADE data related to romosozumab from 2019 Q2 to 2023 Q3 were collected. After data normalization, four signal strength quantification algorithms were used: ROR (Reporting Odds Ratios), PRR (Proportional Reporting Ratios), BCPNN (Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network), and EBGM (Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Screening for romosozumab-related AEs (adverse events) included 23 system organ categories (SOCs). PT (preferred terms) levels were screened for adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals. A total of 7055 reports with romosozumab as the primary suspect (PS) and 14,041 PTs induced by romosozumab as PS were identified. Common significant signals of general disorders and administration site conditions, musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders have emerged. Specifically, unexpected AEs such as gastrointestinal disorder, respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders also occur. Notably, fracture (n = 503, ROR = 107.8, PRR = 103.83, IC = 6.6, EBGM = 97.02) and bone density abnormal (n = 429, ROR = 343.65, PRR = 332.77, IC = 8.08, EBGM = 271.34) exhibited relatively high occurrence rates and signal strengths.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study identifies potential new AE signals and provides broader data support for the safety of romosozumab. In clinical application, doctors are provided with a warning to closely monitor adverse reactions to support their rational use in diseases such as osteoporosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02921-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author response to comment by Can & Tufan","authors":"Mustafa Güldan","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02910-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02910-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02910-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang Zhang, Xiao Dai, Yuelin Chen, Song Wang, Hao Yang, Bo Qu, Hong Luo, Hongsheng Yang
{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage in adults aged 65 years and older, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Xiao Dai, Yuelin Chen, Song Wang, Hao Yang, Bo Qu, Hong Luo, Hongsheng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02926-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02926-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aims to delineate the global, regional, and national burden of malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage (MNBAC) among individuals aged 65 years and older from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We harnessed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with MNBAC among individuals aged 65 years and older across 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. The socio-demographic Index (SDI) served as a metric to examine the influence of socioeconomic development on the burden of MNBAC. Furthermore, joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify the years marked by the most significant temporal changes over the study period.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In 2021, an estimated 163,561 prevalent cases of MNBAC were recorded among individuals aged ≥ 65 years, alongside 28,100 newly diagnosed cases, 27,588 deaths, and 508,202 DALYs. The age-standardized rates per 100,000 population were 21.30 for prevalence, 3.69 for incidence, 3.66 for mortality, and 65.85 for DALYs. Notably, Cuba reported the highest prevalence rate (42.42), while the Philippines exhibited the greatest DALY burden (161.78). Egypt demonstrated the highest incidence (7.44) and mortality rates (8.90). A significant inverse correlation was observed between age-standardized DALY rates and SDI across regions.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This analysis underscores the substantial global burden of MNBAC among older adults, accentuating the imperative for tailored public health interventions, alongside advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, particularly within resource-constrained settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02926-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction models for sarcopenia risk in dialysis patients: a systematic review and critical appraisal","authors":"Zhuoer Hou, Xiaoyan Li, Lili Yang, Ting Liu, Hangpeng Lv, Qiuhua Sun","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02911-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02911-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many studies have developed or validated predictive models to estimate the risk of sarcopenia in dialysis patients, but the quality of model development and the applicability of the models remain unclear.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To systematically review and critically evaluate currently available predictive models for sarcopenia in dialysis patients.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We systematically searched five databases until March 2024. Observational studies that developed or validated predictive models or scoring systems for sarcopenia in dialysis patients were considered eligible. We included studies of adults (≥ 18 years of age) on dialysis and excluded studies that did not validate the predictive model. Data extraction was performed independently by two authors using a standardized data extraction table based on a checklist of key assessments and data extraction for systematic evaluation of predictive modeling research. The quality of the model was assessed using the Predictive Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 104,454 studies screened, 13 studies described 13 predictive models. The incidence of sarcopenia in dialysis patients ranged from 6.6 to 34.4%. The most commonly used predictors were age and body mass index. In the derivation set, the reported area under the curve or C-statistic is between 0.81 and 0.95. The area under the curve reported by the external validation set is between 0.78 and 0.93. All studies had a high risk of bias, mainly due to poor reporting in the outcome and the analysis domains, and three studies had a high risk of bias in terms of applicability.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Future research should focus on validating and improving existing predictive models or developing new models using rigorous methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02911-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Sousa-Fraguas, G. Rodríguez-Fuentes, D. Lastra-Barreira, N. M. Conejo
{"title":"Associations between frailty and cognitive impairment in Parkinson´s disease: a cross-sectional study","authors":"M. C. Sousa-Fraguas, G. Rodríguez-Fuentes, D. Lastra-Barreira, N. M. Conejo","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02922-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02922-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The presence of frailty is common in people with Parkinson’s disease, as is cognitive dysfunction. Previous research on frailty has focused on the physical aspects of the pathology.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>To analyze the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease and to know which disease characteristics are associated with frailty.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>An observational, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were recruited from a Home Rehabilitation Service and two Parkinson’s Associations. An individualized assessment was carried out by means of a structured interview. Frailty was assessed with the Fried scale and cognitive function with the Mini Mental State Examination and the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>90 patients were recruited, 60% men, with a mean age of 73.50 (6.71) years. Frailty was associated with age and disease severity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Frail patients presented worse cognitive performance relative to pre-frail and robust patients. A negative correlation (coefficient − 0.503) was observed between frailty and measures of patients’ cognitive function (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The coexistence of frailty and cognitive impairment should be assessed, as PD patients with both conditions are more vulnerable and have a higher chance of experiencing adverse effects.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Frail patients with Parkinson’s disease present an impairment of cognitive functions dependent on cortical and subcortical regions, being these regions more preserved in the case of robust. The development of programs for early detection of frailty and cognitive function in these patients is necessary to implement strategic intervention plans focused on reversing frailty and cognitive impairment.</p><h3>Protocol registration number</h3><p>http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05388526.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02922-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}