Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"Neuropsychological tests and machine learning: identifying predictors of MCI and dementia progression","authors":"Carlotta Cazzolli,&nbsp;Marco Chierici,&nbsp;Monica Dallabona,&nbsp;Chiara Guella,&nbsp;Giuseppe Jurman","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early prediction of progression in dementia is of major importance for providing patients with adequate clinical care, with considerable impact on the organization of the whole healthcare system.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>The main task is tailoring robust and consolidated machine learning models to detect which neuropsychological tests are more effective in predicting a patient’s mental status. In a translational medicine perspective, such identification tool should find its place in the clinician’s toolbox as a support throughout his daily diagnostic routine. A second objective involves predicting the patient’s diagnosis based on the results of the cognitive assessment.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>281 patients with MCI or dementia diagnosis were assessed through 14 commonly administered neuropsychological tests designed to evaluate different cognitive domains. A suite of machine learning models, trained on different subsets of data, was used to detect the most informative tests and to predict the patient’s diagnosis. Two external validation datasets containing MMSE and FAB tests were involved in this second task.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The tests qualitatively and statistically associated to a cognitive decline are MMSE, FAB, BSTR, AM, and VSF, of which at least three were considered the most informative also by machine learning. 73% average accuracy was obtained in the diagnosis prediction on three subsets of original and external data.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Detecting the most informative tests could reduce the visits’ time and prevent the cognitive assessment from being biased by external factors. Machine learning models’ prediction represents a useful baseline for the clinician’s actual diagnosis and a reliable insight into the future development of the patient’s cognitive status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of psychosocial and health-seeking behaviour on the risk of falling among persons living with type 2 diabetes in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) cohort","authors":"Sheron Sir Loon Goh,&nbsp;Foong-Ming Moy,&nbsp;Sumaiyah Mat,&nbsp;Shazeea Mohamed Ali,&nbsp;Zi Xin Hoo,&nbsp;Sai Ganesh Rao Apparoo,&nbsp;Maw Pin Tan","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02961-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02961-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Older persons with diabetes have an increased falls risk that could lead to serious complications including death.</p><h3>Aim</h3><p>To determine the influence of psychosocial factors and health-seeking behaviour on the risk of falling among individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective study included community-dwelling adults aged ≥55 years selected through stratified random sampling from three neighbouring parliamentary constituencies. Data was collected at baseline in 2013–2015 with computer-assisted home-based interviews and follow-up in 2019 via telephone interviews.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Data on diabetes status and falls were available for 908 participants at baseline and follow-up. Diabetes was present in 42.2% of included participants at follow-up, of whom 22.8% at baseline and 25.3% at 5-year follow-up had at least one fall within the last 12 months. Diabetics had a higher risk of falls at baseline (OR: 1.484; 95% CI: 1.060–2.077) and follow-up (OR: 1.424; 95% Cl: 1.038–1.954) than non-diabetics. It was found that female gender, arthritis, alcohol and presence of depression anxiety or stress were associated with increased risk of falls in diabetics. The presence of any depression, anxiety or stress remained significantly associated with falls in diabetics (OR: 1.947; 95% Cl: 1.115–3.402) after adjustments for age, gender, ethnicity, and education but this relationship was attenuated after additional adjustment for arthritis (OR: 1.763; 95% CI: 0.996–3.122).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggest that psychological issues are significantly associated with increased risk of falls at five-year follow-up in individuals aged 55 years and over with diabetes. These findings highlight the potential importance of psychosocial support among diabetics to reduce the risk of falls, improve patient outcomes and quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02961-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between muscle loss and the severity of vascular stenosis in elderly patients with peripheral artery disease: a retrospective analysis utilizing computed tomography","authors":"Yangyang Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhao,&nbsp;Zuoguan Chen,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang,&nbsp;Xihao Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Chang,&nbsp;Yongjun Li,&nbsp;Jihong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02996-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02996-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a globally prevalent atherosclerotic disease associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a poor prognosis. Skeletal muscle loss (sarcopenia) is particularly common in patients with PAD and is closely associated with poor prognosis.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the area, density and fat infiltration of skeletal muscle in patients with PAD by CT, and to analyze their relationship with the degree of vascular stenosis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 233 PAD patients who underwent lower extremity CTA in Beijing Hospital were included in this study. Image segmentation was performed using Slice-O-Matic® software, and parameters such as skeletal muscle area, density, and fat infiltration were measured at L3, L4, mid-thigh, and maximum soft tissue cross section of the lower leg. At the same time, the degree of lower extremity arterial stenosis was evaluated by CTA. The lower extremity arterial stenosis severity was graded as 0 (0–30%), 1 (31–50%), 2 (51–70%), 3 (71–99%), or 4 (occlusion).Then the CTA-score was calculated by summing the stenosis scores of the abdominal aorta and the lower limb arteries.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients were categorized into high (n = 113) and low (n = 120) CTA score groups. Among males, those in the low score group had higher muscle indices at L3, though not statistically significant. However, thigh and calf muscle areas were significantly larger in low score males (P &lt; 0.001). High score patients had greater intermuscular fat indices. Regression analysis indicated that vascular stenosis accounted for 5% of the variance in muscle mass, with SFA, PoA, and PTA stenosis having the strongest correlations.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our study reveals how vascular stenosis affects muscle mass and composition in PAD patients, with the SFA, PoA, and PTA having the greatest impact due to their key role in lower limb blood supply. Severe stenosis leads to muscle mass reduction and increased fat infiltration, possibly due to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings highlight the need to address muscle health in PAD management, as targeting muscle atrophy and fat infiltration could enhance patient outcomes.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PAD severity had a significant effect on the muscles of the lower limbs, especially the stenosis of the SFA, PoA, and PTA. CT evaluation provides a new perspective for understanding muscle loss in patients with PAD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02996-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sex-specific difference in age-related aortic regional morphological changes","authors":"Zixuan Meng,&nbsp;Lele Cheng,&nbsp;Wenjun Liu,&nbsp;Yue Yu,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Guolin Yao,&nbsp;Jian Yang,&nbsp;Yue Wu,&nbsp;Zhijie Jian","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02981-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02981-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aims to investigate the influence of sex on age-related changes in aortic morphology using computed tomography (CT) imaging.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal CT between July 2021 and April 2022 were enrolled and stratified into six groups. Sex-specific comparisons of body surface area (BSA)-adjusted aortic diameters and tortuosity were performed across different groups. To validate the consistency of sex differences on age-related arterial changes, particularly regarding stiffness, relevant data were extracted from a previously published study to analyze the correlation between age and arterial stiffness in both sexes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 208 participants (59.6% males, overall mean age: 60.13 ± 16.33 years) were enrolled. The BSA-adjusted diameters showed a positive correlation with age in both sexes, with females exhibiting a more rapid increase than males. In the age groups of 60–69 years and above 80 years, females had significantly larger BSA-adjusted diameters of the ascending aorta than males. Additionally, after 40 years old, females had significantly greater BSA-adjusted tortuosity in all aortic segments than males. Both aortic and descending thoracic aortic tortuosity exhibited a notable increase with aging, particularly in females. Furthermore, branchial-pulse wave velocity (baPWV) showed a similar age-related progression pattern, with baPWV increasing at an accelerated rate in females.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A sex-based variation in the rate of aortic morphological aging is observed throughout the lifespan, with females showing more pronounced changes in aortic tortuosity. It highlights the importance of prioritizing preventive measures for females, who may benefit more due to sex-specific disparities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02981-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoporotic fractures: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ming-xin Chen,&nbsp;Li-long Feng,&nbsp;Ke Lu,&nbsp;Chong Li,&nbsp;Yin-lin Wei,&nbsp;Jian Jin,&nbsp;Wen-bin Hu,&nbsp;Yue-qin Guo,&nbsp;Hui-qiang Shan","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02978-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02978-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The number of patients with osteoporotic fractures (OPFs) is on the rise because of global aging. However, few studies have examined the connection between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and overall mortality among inpatients with OPFs. Thus, our research seeks to investigate the link between GNRI and overall mortality in inpatients with OPFs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective cohort study was investigated on 3143 Kunshan OPFs residents aged ≥ 50 years. Participants were stratified into malnutrition (GNRI ≤ 98) and no malnutrition groups (GNRI &gt; 98). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the connection between GNRI and overall mortality. No non-linear association was detected through smoothed curve fitting and threshold analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves were employed to compare the cumulative risk of mortality across varying nutritional conditions. Subgroup analyses were conducted to further investigate the effects of age, sex and other clinical and laboratory factors on the link between GNRI and mortality.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>3,143 qualified inpatients with OPFs were involved in the final evaluation. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that the cumulative risk of mortality was markedly elevated in malnutrition group compared to no malnutrition group. In complete adjustments model, malnutrition group showed an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.42 [95% CI 1.05, 1.90; <i>P</i>-value = 0.021]. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that no substantial interactions were detected among all variables. (<i>P-</i>interaction &gt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Reduced GNRI scores are linked to higher mortality in inpatients with OPFs. The GNRI potentially serve as a predictor for overall mortality risk in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02978-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences across the adult lifespan: a comparison of six field assessments of physical function","authors":"Lien Meulemans,&nbsp;Jolien Deboutte,&nbsp;Jan Seghers,&nbsp;Christophe Delecluse,&nbsp;Evelien Van Roie","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02965-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02965-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Age-related declines in physical capabilities often result from decreased lower-limb muscle strength and power, which are measurable through field tests. Various tests can detect functional declines in older adults, but their responsiveness to age-related differences is less understood in those without substantial impairments. Therefore, this study evaluated and compared the ability of field tests to detect age-related changes in physical and muscle function across adulthood.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>304 participants (52% female; 19–85 years) completed six field tests: handgrip strength (HGS), maximal gait speed (MGS) over a 10-m course, 5-repetition sit-to-stand power (STSP), timed up and go (TUG), countermovement jump (CMJ), and stair climbing power (SCP). Segmented regression analysis determined the relationship between age and field test performance, and identified the age at which the rate of decline increased. A multilevel linear mixed model compared decline rates between tests.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Before 60 years, SCP and CMJ were responsive to age-related differences (-0.70 to -0.81%/year, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas TUG and STSP (lower age-related decline, -0.18% to -0.52%/year, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and HGS and MGS (no significant age-related decline) exhibited lower responsiveness. After 60, most tests (except the STSP) demonstrated increased responsiveness to age-related differences, although these differences remain most pronounced in SCP and CMJ (-1.61 to -1.75%/year, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings imply that most field tests are responsive to age-related declines in physical and/or muscle function after 60. In younger age groups, field tests that evaluate lower-limb power and have minimal ceiling effects, such as SCP and CMJ, should be prioritized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02965-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denosumab for osteoporosis treatment: when, how, for whom, and for how long. A pragmatical approach","authors":"Olivier Lamy,&nbsp;Judith Everts-Graber,&nbsp;Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02991-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02991-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Denosumab produces a continuous increase in bone mineral density over ten years, associated with a low risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Denosumab is well tolerated and easy to manage in daily clinical practice. For all these reasons, this treatment has a huge success. On the other hand, discontinuation of treatment is associated with a severe rebound effect including a sharp increase in bone turnover markers, loss of the bone density gained and a risk of nearly 20% of multiple vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. High doses of potent bisphosphonates are needed to maintain bone turnover markers in the low range of premenopausal women, to mitigate this rebound effect. Prolonged treatment with denosumab is associated with a greater rebound effect and increases the risk of an early rebound effect. The occurrence of rare side effects such as osteonecrosis of the jaw or atypical femoral fracture, as well as the onset of severe renal failure, leave clinicians at a therapeutic impasse. Continuing denosumab or switching to bisphosphonates remains suboptimal and, currently, no evidence clarifies the optimal treatment approach for these patients. The aim of this review is to give a very practical clinical approach to the use of denosumab (duration of treatment), and to the management of rebound effect and possible adverse effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02991-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal associations between Sarcopenia-related traits and obstructive sleep apnea: a mendelian randomization study","authors":"Huixian Sun,&nbsp;Xin Zeng,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Xiang Lu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02963-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02963-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evidence for a causal relationship between sarcopenia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between sarcopenia-related traits and OSA utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>MR analyses were conducted using genetic instruments for sarcopenia-related traits, including hand grip strength, muscle mass, fat mass, water mass, and physical performance. Data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized to identify genetic variants associated with these traits. Causal associations with OSA were assessed using various MR methods, including the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median approaches. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity were evaluated through MR-PRESSO and other sensitivity analyses.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Low hand grip strength in individuals aged 60 years and older exhibited a positive correlation with the risk of OSA (IVW, OR = 1.190, 95% CI = 1.003–1.413, <i>p</i> = 0.047), while no significant causal effects were observed for grip strength in the left and right hands. Muscle mass, fat mass, and water mass were significantly associated with OSA, even after adjusting for multiple testing. Notably, higher levels of body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, and limb fat percentage were strongly correlated with increased risk of OSA. Physical performance indicators such as walking pace demonstrated an inverse association with OSA, while a higher risk of OSA was observed with increased log odds of falling risk and greater frequency of falls in the last year. Additionally, a causal effect was found between long-standing illness, disability, or infirmity and OSA.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This comprehensive MR analysis provides evidence of a significant causal relationship between characteristics associated with sarcopenia, including low hand grip strength, muscle mass, fat mass, and physical performance, and the risk of OSA. These findings underscore the importance of addressing sarcopenia-related factors in the management and prevention of OSA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02963-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic immune inflammation mediates the association of serum omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with biological aging: a national population-based study","authors":"Fei Shan,&nbsp;Yu Xiong,&nbsp;Pearl Pai,&nbsp;Mingya Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02964-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02964-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to explore the association between serum omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and biological aging, along with the potential mediating role of systemic immune inflammation (SII).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were used for analyses. Accelerated aging in participants was assessed by calculating the difference between phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and chronological age. Weighted multivariate linear regression models and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the correlation between serum n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and accelerated aging, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was applied to explore potential nonlinear relationships. We further conducted mediation analyses to assess the role of SII in these relationships. Additionally, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile g-computation (QGC) models were conducted to investigate the mixed effects of serum PUFAs and identify the key contributor.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 3376 participants were enrolled in this study. In multivariate linear regression models, eight of the twelve individual serum PUFAs showed a significantly negative association with PhenoAge acceleration, Specifically, per-unit increases in linoleic acid (LA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (AA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic acid (SDA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were all associated with reduced PhenoAge acceleration (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively). Subgroup analysis demonstrated robust consistence results when stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. L-shaped nonlinear relationships were observed between PhenoAge acceleration with total n-6 PUFAs, LA and ALA (all <i>P</i> for nonlinear &lt; 0.05). Mediation analyses indicated that SII mediated the relationship between serum PUFAs and reduced PhenoAge acceleration. Mixed-effects analysis using WQS and QGC models revealed that the combined effect of serum PUFAs on reducing PhenoAge acceleration, with DHA showing the strongest significant contribution.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrated that higher levels of certain PUFAs were associated with a reduction in PhenoAge acceleration either individually or in combination, with DHA having the most prominent effect in mixed effects. The SII mediated these relationships, suggesting that PUFAs may slow biological aging by reducing inflammation. These findings highlighted the potential role of PUFAs in mitigating accelerated aging and their implications for aging-related health interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02964-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of social isolation with memory and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults","authors":"Ting Feng,&nbsp;Rui Qiang Li,&nbsp;Lin Xu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02987-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02987-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although social isolation has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, its potential impact relative to other documented risk factors has not been comprehensively quantified, leading to its underestimation in public health strategies. We aimed to address this gap by quantifying the contribution of social isolation to cognitive decline in the context of other risk factors.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Social isolation was evaluated using a modified Social Network Index (SNI) and cognitive function through the Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the associations between social isolation and cognitive outcomes, adjusting for demographic and health-related factors. Additionally, the XGBoost algorithm with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to quantify the relative importance of predictors.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 25,981 participants were recruited from 2003 to 2008. The mean age was 62.0 years, with 28.4% being men. Higher social isolation was significantly associated with lower DWRT (β=-0.15; 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.09) and MMSE scores (β=-0.34; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.19), and higher odds of memory impairment (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.40) and poor cognitive function (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.99). XGBoost analysis ranked social isolation as the fifth most important predictor for MMSE scores (SHAP value = 0.175) and the eighth for memory impairment (SHAP value = 0.0133). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations among older adults, and individuals with lower education or manual occupation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings showed that social isolation is an important risk factor for cognitive outcomes. This underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions addressing social isolation, alongside other key risk factors, to preserve cognitive health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02987-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}