Stress biology最新文献

{"title":"A G-type lectin receptor-like kinase TaSRLK confers wheat resistance to stripe rust by regulating the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway.","authors":"Erbo Niu, Yibin Zhang, Henghao Xu, Bingliang Xu, Qiaolan Liang, Huixia Li, Jiahui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00225-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00225-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat stripe rust, caused by an obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) seriously threatens wheat production. Discovering and utilizing of wheat resistance genes is the most effective and economical method to control diseases. The G-type lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLKs) involved in biotic stress perception, while their roles in wheat resistance to Pst remain elusive. In our study, we identified 398 G-type LecRKs in wheat through BLAST and HMM profiling. The transcript level of 16 random selected G-type LecRKs from each subfamily were analyzed and found TaSRLK is highly induced by avirulent Pst CYR23 infection. TaSRLK-silenced wheat plants showed reduced resistance to Pst with increased hyphal length and decreased H₂O₂ accumulation. Surprisingly, TaSRLK was localized to the chloroplast and can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, TaSRLK was shown to interact with and phosphorylate a peroxidase TaPrx1. Importantly, TaPrx1 involved in wheat resistance to Pst through regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together these findings demonstrate that TaSRLK positively modulates ROS-associated wheat resistance by binding with TaPrx1.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of peptides discovery and function in resistance to abiotic stress in plant.","authors":"Yucong Cao, PingFang Yang, Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00220-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00220-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant peptides play crucial roles in various biological processes, including stress responses. This study investigates the functions of plant peptides in response to different adversity stresses, focusing on drought, salt, high temperature, and other environmental challenges. In drought conditions, specific peptides such as CLE25 and CLE9 were found to regulate stomatal closure and root architecture to enhance the efficiency of water utilization. Salt stress induces the expression of CAPE1 and CEP3, which are involved in ion homeostasis and osmoregulation, thereby contributing to salt tolerance in plants. Heat stress triggers the expression of peptides such as CEL45, which contributes to the heat tolerance of cells. Besides, we have also verified a new class of non-conventional peptides, and a large number of non-conventional peptides have been identified in rice seedlings. Understanding the origin and functions of these peptides presents both challenges and opportunities for developing stress-resistant crops. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms of peptide-mediated stress responses and exploring their potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of efficient Trichosanthes mottle mosaic virus-derived gene silencing in cucurbit plants.","authors":"Cheng Chen, Zhu Fang, Min Du, Changkai Yang, Yukui Yang, Xueping Zhou, Xiuling Yang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00238-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cucurbitaceae family includes a wide range of economically important fruits and vegetables; however, the laborious and highly inefficient genetic transformation efficacy of cucurbits has hindered the exploration of their gene functions. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, employed from the antiviral RNA silencing defense, has emerged as a viable alternative for high-throughput study of plant gene function. In this study, we successfully established a VIGS system utilizing Trichosanthes mottle mosaic virus (TrMMV), a new member of the genus Tobamovirus. We demonstrated the high efficacy and durability of gene silencing mediated by the TrMMV-VIGS vector in Nicotiana benthamiana, as well as in several cucurbit species, including Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus, C. lanatus, and C. melo. The insertion of 90-400 bp fragments into the vector led to effective silencing of the target gene in both C. sativus and C. melo, with a notably higher silencing efficiency observed in C. melo. Furthermore, the TrMMV-VIGS vector induced a pronounced photobleaching phenotype in the flowers of C. melo, underscoring its potential application in functional genomic research concerning floral traits in this particular species. Taken together, the TrMMV-VIGS system developed herein will facilitate rapid and high-throughput identification of gene functions in cucurbit crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of NADPH oxidases in regulating redox homeostasis and pathogenesis of the poplar canker fungus Cytospora chrysosperma.","authors":"Quansheng Li, Rongrong Guo, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00223-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00223-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poplar canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma, results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China. Although NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi, their roles in C. chrysosperma remain unclear. In this study, we characterized three NOX genes (CcNox1, CcNox2, and CcNoxR) in C. chrysosperma. All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection, and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches. Furthermore, deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae, enhanced influx of Ca²⁺, the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants. Taken together, our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C. chrysosperma.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current impacts of elevated CO₂ on crop nutritional quality: a review using wheat as a case study.","authors":"Jiata Ugwah Ekele, Richard Webster, Fatima Perez de Heredia, Katie E Lane, Abdulmannan Fadel, Rachael C Symonds","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00217-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00217-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review synthesises current research findings and modelling approaches to explore the impact of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) concentrations on crop productivity, water and nutrient use efficiency, plant nutritional quality, and the implications for global food security. Over recent decades, rising atmospheric CO₂ levels have sparked significant concern due to their role in driving climate change. While some studies highlight the potential benefits of eCO₂, such as increased crop yields and improved water-use efficiency, many recent investigations reveal a concerning decline in crop nutritional quality. eCO₂ has been shown to reduce concentrations of key nutrients, including nitrogen, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, and other non-nutrient compounds, as well as alter gene expression. These changes are further complicated by interactions with heat stress and drought, presenting significant challenges in predicting sustainable future crop productivity. These nutritional declines exacerbate the global crisis of malnutrition and hidden hunger, threatening the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2), which aims to end hunger and ensure food security. Addressing these challenges requires further research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovative approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of eCO₂ on crop physiology and nutritional content while maximising agricultural sustainability. This review aims to provide insights into the complex mechanisms governing crop responses to eCO₂ using wheat as a model and proposes pathways for future research and agricultural practices. These strategies are critical for tackling the intricate dynamics of climate variability, ensuring nutrient-rich food production, and securing food security in the face of a rapidly changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional investigation of Zur in metal ion homeostasis, motility and multiple stresses resistance in cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.","authors":"Han Jin, Xiaoru Han, Chen Zheng, Jingling Xu, Wenjing Zhang, Yanchao Gu, Ying Peng, Jiaxin Han, Lei Xu, Xihui Shen, Yantao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00224-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00224-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zur (zinc uptake regulator), a member of the Fur (ferric uptake regulator) family of transcriptional regulators, plays multifaceted roles by regulating the gene expressions, such as modulating zinc ion uptake by regulating the znuABC gene cluster and influencing bacterial motility by modulating genes associated with flagella or pili. The photosynthetic autotroph Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is frequently used as an indicator organism for water pollution and a cell factory for high-value biochemical production in synthetic biology. During its growth, this organism often encounters various abiotic stresses, including oxidative, salt, and antibiotic stress. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analysis on both Δzur mutant and wild-type (WT) strains to identify potential Zur-regulated genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. These genes primarily participate in multiple pathways such as inorganic ion transport, carbohydrate transport, energy production and conversion, and cell motility. Zur not only controls zinc ion homeostasis within the cell but also influences the iron balance by directly regulating the expression of the fur gene. In terms of motility, Zur regulates the expression of bacterial pili gene cluster and other motility-related genes, thereby affecting the twitching motility of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Furthermore, Zur plays a crucial role in promoting biofilm formation and enhancing resistance to salt, oxidative, and antibiotic stresses by modulating relative gene expression. In conclusion, as a global transcriptional regulator, Zur plays pivotal roles in metal ion homeostasis, motility, and resistance to multiple stresses in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This study illustrates the Zur regulons in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and underscores the importance of Zur in enhancing the environmental adaptability of cyanobacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking genetic potential: a review of the role of CRISPR/Cas technologies in rapeseed improvement.","authors":"Asif Mukhtiar, Saeed Ullah, Bo Yang, Yuan-Qing Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00229-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00229-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally important oil crop, providing edible vegetable oil and other valuable sources for humans. Being an allotetraploid, rapeseed has a complex genome that has undergone whole-genome duplication, making molecular breeding rather difficult. Fortunately, clustered regularly interspacedshort palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) technologies have emerged as a potent tool in plant breeding, providing unprecedented accuracy as well as effectiveness in genome editing. This review focuses on the application and progresses of CRISPR/Cas technologies in rapeseed. We discussed the principles and mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems focusing on their use in rapeseed improvement such as targeted gene knockout, gene editing and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, we summarized the regulatory frameworks governing CRISPR-edited crops as well as the challenges and opportunities for their commercialization and adoption. The potential advantages of CRISPR-mediated traits in rapeseed such as increased yield, disease and stress resistance and oil quality are discussed along with biosafety and environmental implications. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into the transformative role of CRISPR/Cas technologies in rapeseed breeding and its potential to address global agricultural challenges while ensuring sustainable crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance risk asssement and molecular basis of metconazole in Fusarium pseudograminearum.","authors":"Guixiang Li, Yiwen Li, Ling Zhang, Han Jiang, Kang Yuan, Jianqiang Miao, Xili Liu","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00221-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00221-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungicide metconazole, which acts as a sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI), can exhibit strong inhibitory effects on Fusarium pseudograminearum. However, the resistance mechanism as well as the risk that F. pseudograminearum develops resistance to metconazole is yet to be fully assessed. In this study, metconazole displayed a mean EC₅₀ value of 0.0559 μg/mL against 105 F. pseudograminearum isolates. Ten sensitive parental isolates were then subjected to fungicide adaptation to generate resistant mutants, with in vitro experiments subsequently highlighting the inferior fitness of the mutants. In addition, metconazole exhibited positive cross-resistance with both mefentrifluconazole and tebuconazole. Altogether, the results confirmed the low risk that F. pseudograminearum develops resistance to metconazole. Finally, a mutation genotype (M151T) was identified in FpCYP51B, with the mutants also overexpressing the FpCYP51 genes. Subsequent molecular docking and transformation-based experiments indicated that M151T substitution and overexpression in FpCYP51 genes conferred resistance to metconazole in F. pseudograminearum.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid isolation of Yr9 via MutIsoSeq and QTL analysis of durable stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104.","authors":"Yibo Zhang, Shuo Huang, Yuqing Li, Shuaiwei Cao, Hui Ren, Mingjie Xiang, Haitao Dong, Jiangna Han, Ying Zhao, Xiangxue Zhang, Xunying Yuan, Qilin Wang, Yajun Wang, Yi Ouyang, Zujun Yang, Zhensheng Kang, Shengjie Liu, Jianhui Wu, Qingdong Zeng, Dejun Han","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00226-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00226-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is the causal agent of wheat stripe rust which constitutes a major limitation to wheat production. Cloning and applying disease-resistant genes are considered as an effective solution. Chinese wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ9104) has exhibited durable resistance across multiple environments since its release. Through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, eight QTL were found on chromosome arms 1BS, 1BL, 2AL, 2BL, 3BS, 4BL, 5BL and 7BL. YrXZ identified as 1RS.1BL translocation conferred race-specific all-stage resistance to Pst race CYR23. QYrxz.nwafu-1BL.6 and QYrxz.nwafu-3BS.7 were considered as the adult plant resistance genes Yr29 and Yr30, respectively. Notably, QYrxz.nwafu-2BL.5 accounted for 15.75-47.63% of the phenotypic variation across diverse environments and its pyramiding with Yr29 and Yr30 can confer high level of resistance. Other QTL were environment-dependent with minor effects. To clone the above resistance genes, we created a population of over 2,000 M₅ mutants in XZ9104 using ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and screened various types of susceptible mutants. Using the MutIsoseq approach with five mutant lines susceptible to race CYR23, we rapid isolated a candidate gene for YrXZ encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) protein. Integrating cytological analysis, gene-based association analysis, transcriptomic profiling and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we confirmed that the causal gene for YrXZ was indeed Yr9. This study demonstrated that multiple QTL with different effects contributed to the durable resistance in XZ9104. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in plant defense can inform future strategies for deploying resistance gene and engineering of genetic resistance against evolving diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-aphid interactions: recent trends in plant resistance to aphids.","authors":"Kifle Gebreegziabiher Gebretsadik, Zhixin Liu, Jincheng Yang, Hao Liu, Aizhi Qin, Yaping Zhou, Enzhi Guo, Xiao Song, Peibo Gao, Yajie Xie, Ninkuu Vincent, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Xuwu Sun","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00214-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00214-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are highly destructive agricultural pests characterized by complex life cycles and phenotypic variability, facilitating their adaptation to diverse climates and host plants. Their feeding behavior leads to plant deformation, wilting, stunted growth, disease transmission, and significant yield losses. Given the economic risks aphids pose, regular updates on their seasonal behaviors, adaptive mechanisms, and destructive activities are critical for improving management strategies to mitigate crop losses. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent studies on aphids as plant pests, the extrinsic factors influencing their life cycles, and the intricate interactions between aphids and their hosts. It also highlights recent advancements in biological control measures, including natural enemies, antibiosis, and antixenosis. Additionally, we explore plant defense mechanisms against aphids, focusing on the roles of cell wall components such as lignin, pectin and callose deposition and the genetic regulations underlying these defenses. Aphids, however, can evolve specialized strategies to overcome general plant defenses, prompting the development of targeted mechanisms in plants, such as the use of resistance (R) genes against specific aphid species. Additionally, plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize compounds in aphid saliva, which triggers enhanced phloem sealing and more focused immune responses. This work enhances understanding of aphid-plant interaction and plant resistance and identifies key research gaps for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}