{"title":"Cellulose synthase TaCESA7 negatively regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust by reducing cell wall lignification.","authors":"Yanqin Zhang, Longhui Yu, Shuangyuan Guo, Xueling Huang, Yihan Chen, Pengfei Gan, Yi Lin, Xiaojie Wang, Zhensheng Kang, Xinmei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00244-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00244-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (CESAs) in plasma membrane-localized complexes, which act as a central component of the cell wall and influence plant growth and defense responses. Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an airborne fungus that causes stripe rust to seriously endanger wheat production. In this study, a CESA gene, TaCESA7, was identified to be significantly up-regulated during Pst infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TaCESA7 was localized on the plasma membrane in dimeric form, and the dimers interact to assemble into CESA complexes. Stable overexpression of TaCESA7 weakened the resistance of wheat to Pst. Knockdown of TaCESA7 by RNA interference (RNAi) and virus-induced gene silencing led to restricted hyphal spread, increased necrotic area, and simultaneously promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Transcriptome analysis of TaCESA7-RNAi plants revealed that the up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Moreover, silencing TaCESA7 promoted the deposition of lignin and the expression of genes related to lignin synthesis. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of TaCESA7 in wheat could confer broad-spectrum resistance against Pst without affecting agronomic traits. These findings provide valuable candidate gene resources and guidance for molecular breeding to improve the resistance of wheat to fungal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00219-8
Juan Wang, Lu Bai, Yuchen Xu, Xinhang Zheng, Wenfeng Shan, Xuetao Shi, Shoucai Ma, Jiangbo Fan
{"title":"Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases mediated signaling in plant immunity: convergence and divergence.","authors":"Juan Wang, Lu Bai, Yuchen Xu, Xinhang Zheng, Wenfeng Shan, Xuetao Shi, Shoucai Ma, Jiangbo Fan","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00219-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00219-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) function as a central player in plant receptor kinases-mediated signaling, which regulate various aspects of plant immunity and growth. RLCKs receive signals from pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, cellulose synthesis, phosphatidic acid (PA) production, hormone synthesis and signaling, and transcriptional remodeling. Besides, RLCK also participate in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and the interplay between ETI and PTI. Increasing evidences show that much more RLCKs are involved in plant immune responses and form an intertwined signaling network. This review summarizes the recent findings about RLCKs-mediated signaling in plant immune responses and emphasizes signal convergence and divergence involved which provides new insights into the RLCKs signaling network in diverse biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00237-6
Sizheng Li, Yuan Guo, Shengpei Zhang, He Li
{"title":"The transcription factor CfHac1 regulates the degradation of ubiquitin-mediated ER-associated misfolded proteins and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum fructicola.","authors":"Sizheng Li, Yuan Guo, Shengpei Zhang, He Li","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00237-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00237-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During interactions, pathogenic fungi are subjected to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress from the host plants, resulting in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. We identified the bZIP transcription factor CfHac1 in C. fructicola, which is a pathogenic organism implicated in a variety of plant diseases, and we found it to be crucial for the ER stress response and pathogenicity. However, the role of CfHac1 in regulating the degradation of ER-associated misfolded proteins remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that the CfHAC1 gene regulates conidial production, appressorium formation, response to ER stress, and pathogenicity through unconventional splicing. Further research revealed that the CfHAC1 gene also affects the ubiquitination of ER-associated misfolded proteins and mediates their degradation. We further identified two ubiquitin ligase genes, CfHRD1 and CfHRD3, that exhibit significant down-regulation in the ΔCfhac1 mutant strain. Subsequent investigations revealed that the CfHAC1 gene affects CfHRD1 and CfHRD3 expression through unconventional splicing, with both genes managing the degradation of ER-associated misfolded proteins via ubiquitination and influencing C. fructicola pathogenicity. Taken together, our results reveal a mechanism by which the transcription factor CfHac1 affects the expression of the ubiquitin ligase genes CfHRD1 and CfHRD3, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of ER-associated misfolded proteins and pathogenicity. This provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel agents targeting key genes within this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00227-8
Hu Su, Hu Jiang, Carly Anderson Stewart, Dina Clark, Sukuan Liu, Erin A Manzitto-Tripp
{"title":"Depth effects of trail development on herbaceous plant diversity and stress responses through flavonoid accumulation.","authors":"Hu Su, Hu Jiang, Carly Anderson Stewart, Dina Clark, Sukuan Liu, Erin A Manzitto-Tripp","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00227-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00227-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trail development is more prevalent as tourism develops globally. The depth effect of trail development on plant diversity and native species' stress response via tuning flavonoids in natural ecosystems remain relatively poorly understood. We investigated the depth effects by comparing plant species diversity and flavonoid contents (of six common native species) in sampling plots plots (Rabbit Mountain Open Space, Boulder County, CO, USA) with varying distances away from trail. We found plant diversity to be lowest in plots immediately proximal to trails and highest in intermediate plots. We also found the concentrations of total flavonoids to vary significantly between plots closer and away from trails. Specifically, we found the concentrations of isoorientin and myricetin higher in plots closer to trails. On the contrary, the concentrations of vitexin and kaempferol were higher in plots away from trails. Quercetin was higher in the intermediate plots. Overall, trail development negatively impacted herbaceous plant diversity, which was evident as depth effects. The plant species responded to environmental stresses imposed by trail development through fine-tuned flavonoid accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The mRNA-binding protein HLN1 enhances drought stress tolerance by stabilizing the GAD2 mRNA in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Chuangfeng Liu, Yang Wang, Jialin Peng, Zhengyu Shao, Yajie Liu, Zhiqing Zhang, Xiaoyu Mo, Yilin Yang, Tao Qin, Yiji Xia, Liming Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00239-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00239-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought is a common environmental condition that significantly impairs plant growth. In response to drought, plants close their stomata to minimize transpiration and meanwhile activate many stress-responsive genes to mitigate damage. These stress-related mRNA transcripts require the assistance of RNA-binding proteins throughout their metabolic process, culminating in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. In this study, we identified HLN1 (Hyaluronan 1), an RNA-binding protein with similarity to the animal hyaluronan-binding protein 4 / serpin mRNA binding protein 1 (HABP4/SERBP1), as crucial for plant drought tolerance. The hln1 loss-of-function mutant exhibited higher transpiration rates due to impaired stomatal closure, making it highly susceptible to drought. Drought stress increased HLN1 expression, and the protein underwent liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form mRNA-ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) condensates in the cytoplasm under osmotic stress. We identified GAD2 as a potential mRNA target of HLN1. GAD2 encodes the predominant glutamate decarboxylase synthesizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid that modulates stomatal movement. RIP-qPCR and EMSA showed that HLN1 binds GAD2 mRNA, which promotes HLN1 condensate formation. In hln1 mutants, GAD2 transcripts were less stable, reducing steady-state mRNA levels. As a result, hln1 accumulated less GABA and exhibited impaired stomatal closure under drought. Conversely, HLN1 overexpression stabilized GAD2 mRNA, increased GABA levels, and enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants. GAD2 overexpression in hln1 mutants also rescued the drought-sensitive phenotypes. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism whereby HLN1 stabilizes GAD2 mRNA to enhance GABA production and drought tolerance. These findings provide novel strategies for engineering drought-resistant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The synthesis, degradation and biological function of trehalose- 6-phosphate.","authors":"Yangzhi Liu, Boqiang Li, Tong Chen, Shiping Tian, Zhanquan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00235-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00235-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), an intermediate in trehalose metabolic pathways, is ubiquitously present in nearly all cellular organisms except vertebrates. The most well-characterized metabolic route involves its synthesis by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and dephosphorylation to trehalose by trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) in the TPS/TPP pathway. Besides, alternative trehalose metabolic pathways aslo exist. In addition to being the precursor of trehalose synthesis, T6P functions as a signal molecule regulating various biological processes. In plants, T6P inhibits SnRK1 (Sucrose-nonfermenting 1 Related Kinase 1), while in fungi, T6P primarily inhibits hexokinase and regulates glycolysis. Notably, TPS and TPP themselves also have some regulatory functions. Genetic studies reveal that deletion of TPS or TPP usually causes developmental and virulence defects in fungi, bacteria and invertebrates. Given that TPS and TPP have important biological functions in pathogenic fungi but are absent in humans and vertebrates, they are ideal targets for fungicide development. This review summarizes trehalose metabolic pathways and the multifaceted roles of T6P in plants, fungi and invertebrates, providing a comprehensive overview of its biological functions. Additionally, it discusses some reported TPS/TPP inhibitor to offer insights for pathogen control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A G-type lectin receptor-like kinase TaSRLK confers wheat resistance to stripe rust by regulating the reactive oxygen species signaling pathway.","authors":"Erbo Niu, Yibin Zhang, Henghao Xu, Bingliang Xu, Qiaolan Liang, Huixia Li, Jiahui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00225-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00225-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat stripe rust, caused by an obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) seriously threatens wheat production. Discovering and utilizing of wheat resistance genes is the most effective and economical method to control diseases. The G-type lectin receptor-like kinase (LecRLKs) involved in biotic stress perception, while their roles in wheat resistance to Pst remain elusive. In our study, we identified 398 G-type LecRKs in wheat through BLAST and HMM profiling. The transcript level of 16 random selected G-type LecRKs from each subfamily were analyzed and found TaSRLK is highly induced by avirulent Pst CYR23 infection. TaSRLK-silenced wheat plants showed reduced resistance to Pst with increased hyphal length and decreased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation. Surprisingly, TaSRLK was localized to the chloroplast and can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, TaSRLK was shown to interact with and phosphorylate a peroxidase TaPrx1. Importantly, TaPrx1 involved in wheat resistance to Pst through regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together these findings demonstrate that TaSRLK positively modulates ROS-associated wheat resistance by binding with TaPrx1.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-05-23DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00220-1
Yucong Cao, PingFang Yang, Ming Li
{"title":"Research progress of peptides discovery and function in resistance to abiotic stress in plant.","authors":"Yucong Cao, PingFang Yang, Ming Li","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00220-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00220-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant peptides play crucial roles in various biological processes, including stress responses. This study investigates the functions of plant peptides in response to different adversity stresses, focusing on drought, salt, high temperature, and other environmental challenges. In drought conditions, specific peptides such as CLE25 and CLE9 were found to regulate stomatal closure and root architecture to enhance the efficiency of water utilization. Salt stress induces the expression of CAPE1 and CEP3, which are involved in ion homeostasis and osmoregulation, thereby contributing to salt tolerance in plants. Heat stress triggers the expression of peptides such as CEL45, which contributes to the heat tolerance of cells. Besides, we have also verified a new class of non-conventional peptides, and a large number of non-conventional peptides have been identified in rice seedlings. Understanding the origin and functions of these peptides presents both challenges and opportunities for developing stress-resistant crops. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms of peptide-mediated stress responses and exploring their potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00238-5
Cheng Chen, Zhu Fang, Min Du, Changkai Yang, Yukui Yang, Xueping Zhou, Xiuling Yang
{"title":"Establishment of efficient Trichosanthes mottle mosaic virus-derived gene silencing in cucurbit plants.","authors":"Cheng Chen, Zhu Fang, Min Du, Changkai Yang, Yukui Yang, Xueping Zhou, Xiuling Yang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44154-025-00238-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cucurbitaceae family includes a wide range of economically important fruits and vegetables; however, the laborious and highly inefficient genetic transformation efficacy of cucurbits has hindered the exploration of their gene functions. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, employed from the antiviral RNA silencing defense, has emerged as a viable alternative for high-throughput study of plant gene function. In this study, we successfully established a VIGS system utilizing Trichosanthes mottle mosaic virus (TrMMV), a new member of the genus Tobamovirus. We demonstrated the high efficacy and durability of gene silencing mediated by the TrMMV-VIGS vector in Nicotiana benthamiana, as well as in several cucurbit species, including Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus, C. lanatus, and C. melo. The insertion of 90-400 bp fragments into the vector led to effective silencing of the target gene in both C. sativus and C. melo, with a notably higher silencing efficiency observed in C. melo. Furthermore, the TrMMV-VIGS vector induced a pronounced photobleaching phenotype in the flowers of C. melo, underscoring its potential application in functional genomic research concerning floral traits in this particular species. Taken together, the TrMMV-VIGS system developed herein will facilitate rapid and high-throughput identification of gene functions in cucurbit crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress biologyPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s44154-025-00223-y
Quansheng Li, Rongrong Guo, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang
{"title":"Roles of NADPH oxidases in regulating redox homeostasis and pathogenesis of the poplar canker fungus Cytospora chrysosperma.","authors":"Quansheng Li, Rongrong Guo, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s44154-025-00223-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-025-00223-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poplar canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora chrysosperma, results in tremendous losses in poplar plantations in China. Although NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play important roles in the development and pathogenicity of several pathogenic fungi, their roles in C. chrysosperma remain unclear. In this study, we characterized three NOX genes (CcNox1, CcNox2, and CcNoxR) in C. chrysosperma. All three genes were highly upregulated during poplar branch infection, and deletion of any of them severely reduced virulence on poplar branches. Furthermore, deletion of either CcNox1 or CcNoxR resulted in a significant increase in endogenous reactive oxygen species production in hyphae, enhanced influx of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, the disruption of redox homeostasis and compromised mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, biosynthesis and secretion of a known virulence factor oxalic acid was obviously defective and exogenous oxalic acid supplementation rescued the virulence of the mutants. Taken together, our findings reveal that NOXs play important roles in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity and pathogenicity in C. chrysosperma.</p>","PeriodicalId":74874,"journal":{"name":"Stress biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}