Sensors & diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Mode-directed photopatterning of whispering gallery mode optical resonators","authors":"Yuxiang Gao, Vladislav Frenkel, Stephen Arnold and Rastislav Levicky","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00008D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00008D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Multimodal optical resonators can integrate multiple sensing functions on a single device by assigning specific tasks to different modes. To facilitate such expanded functionality, this study demonstrates a photopatterning approach in which resonantly-amplified light within whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors is used to direct chemical modification of the corresponding surface region addressed by the mode. A Ru(<small>II</small>) metallo–organic complex containing a caged aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) moiety, [Ru(tpy)(biq)(APTES)](PF<small>₆</small>)<small>₂</small>, was synthesized and applied as a covalently immobilized layer to solid supports to be patterned, including spheroidal silica WGM resonators. Exciting a mode caused the area exposed to the light to be deprotected, leaving behind a pattern of reactive amine groups available for further derivatization. A two-photon deprotection process enabled the use of near-IR sources for patterning. The photopatterning technique was applied to self-referenced measurements, in which signals from two modes, a sensing and a reference mode, were used to detect specific binding of avidin against a much larger background of nonspecific adsorption. This was accomplished by patterning the sensing mode with biotin to specifically bind avidin while the reference mode tracked nonspecific adsorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 538-546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d5sd00008d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A label-free nanowell-based impedance sensor for ten-minute SARS-CoV-2 detection†","authors":"Zhuolun Meng, Liam White, Pengfei Xie, Hassan Raji, S. Reza Mahmoodi, Aris Karapiperis, Hao Lin, German Drazer, Mehdi Javanmard and Edward P. DeMauro","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00002E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SD00002E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work explores label-free biosensing as an effective method for biomolecular analysis, ensuring the preservation of native conformation and biological activity. The focus is on a novel electronic biosensing platform utilizing micro-fabricated nanowell-based impedance sensors, offering rapid, point-of-care diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection. The nanowell sensor, constructed on a silica substrate through a series of microfabrication processes including deposition, patterning, and etching, features a 5 × 5 well array functionalized with antibodies. Real-time impedance changes within the nanowell array enable diagnostic results within ten minutes using small sample volumes (&lt;5 μL). The research includes assays for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and artificial saliva buffers to mimic real human SARS-CoV-2 samples, covering a wide range of concentrations. The sensor exhibits a detection limit of 0.2 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> (1.5 pM) for spike proteins. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) spike proteins are differentiated from SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, demonstrating specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 511-518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel two-photon fluorescent probe for non-destructive imaging of Hg2+ in fresh plant tissues†","authors":"Xiao Liu, Zheng Zhu, Ruitao Sun, Jun Li and Shengzhen Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00023H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00023H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we developed a small-molecule fluorescent probe (termed as <strong>LJTP3</strong>) for the specific detection of Hg<small>²⁺</small> with high sensitivity in living plant tissues. <strong>LJTP3</strong> can not only effectively indicate the spatiotemporal distribution of Hg<small>²⁺</small> in the plant subcellular level, but also enable to realize 3D imaging of Hg<small>²⁺</small> in plant roots.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 7","pages":" 574-578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d5sd00023h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive studies to improve ultrasensitive detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen†","authors":"Evan Reboli, Ajoke Williams, Ankan Biswas, Tianwei Jia, Ying Luo, Mukesh Kumar and Suri Iyer","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00011D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00011D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Early and accurate detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings where traditional methods often lack the necessary sensitivity for early-stage detection or is expensive. Here, we developed a layer-by-layer signal amplification platform employing fluorescent silica nanoparticles functionalized <em>via</em> bioorthogonal TCO/TZ chemistry. We evaluated nanoparticles of different sizes (25, 50, and 100 nm) and two dye-doped nanoparticle formulations to optimize signal intensity, detection limits, and nonspecific binding. The 25 nm RITC-doped nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance, achieving an ultra-low detection limit of 7 fg mL<small>⁻¹</small> with a broad linear range up to 1 ng mL<small>⁻¹</small>. Compared to FITC-doped nanoparticles, RITC-doped nanoparticles provided enhanced brightness and signal strength. Further optimization revealed that using 50 μg of 25 nm nanoparticles yielded the best sensitivity while minimizing nonspecific binding. This nanoparticle-based assay significantly outperformed commercial ELISA kits, offering a broad dynamic range and improved sensitivity. Our platform presents a highly sensitive and adaptable approach for HIV-1 p24 antigen detection, with broad potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics and detection of other low-abundance biomarkers, ultimately enhancing early disease detection and treatment accessibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 7","pages":" 586-595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d5sd00011d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive electrochemical detection of DR1 based on gold nanoparticle-modified MoS2 and hyaluronic acid-based thionine","authors":"Yaping Zhang, Gao Si, Zhendong Wang, Yilong Wang, Xiaojing Cui, Huaixia Yang, Fuchun Si and Yanjiu Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4SD00286E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SD00286E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The analysis of down-regulator of transcription 1 (DR1) offers significant information for the rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In this study, we report a novel dual-signal amplification electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive detection of DR1. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified molybdenum disulfide (MoS<small>₂</small>@AuNPs), which has extremely strong electron transfer ability and abundant binding sites, is first modified on an electrode surface as a substrate material to implement the first signal amplification. After the formation of the sandwich structure based on the specific recognition of antigens and antibodies, the electroactive molecules hyaluronic acid-based thionine (HA@Thi) are introduced to achieve the second signal amplification. Using this dual-signal amplification strategy, the proposed biosensor achieves a linear range of 1 × 10<small>⁻⁴</small>–1 × 10<small>²</small> ng mL<small>⁻¹</small> with a low detection limit of 10.99 fg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. In addition, the electrochemical biosensor has high selectivity and good stability, and is applicable to the assay of DR1 in the presence of complex biological matrices, which is expected to provide a scientific approach for the clinical application of serum DR1 monitoring. More importantly, our method may extend the application of protein-based biosensors in disease diagnosis techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 529-537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d4sd00286e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in fluorescence-based chemosensing of pesticides","authors":"Giriraj Kalaiarasi, Ananthu Shanmughan, Yohaeswari Jegadeesan, Mannanthara Kunhumon Noushija, Alenthwar Vamshi Krishna, Harsha Gangadharan, Deivasigamani Umadevi and Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju","doi":"10.1039/D4SD00364K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SD00364K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poisoning of agricultural products through the use of pesticides has created a high risk to the environment and human health. In recent years, substantial research has been devoted to replacing harmful chemical pesticides with naturally derived organic compounds and the safer detection of pernicious pesticide residues by selective and sensitive methods using suitable sensor systems has also been given equal priority. Among various sensing methods that are currently available, fluorescence-based sensing has acquired widespread acceptance and become a feasible technique for the trace analysis of pesticide residues due to several practical advantages. In this review article, we provide a systematic overview of the recent progress made in using fluorescence-based chemosensing of different classes of pesticides and their success in real-world applications. Various fluorescence chemosensors highlighted in this article are categorized based on their sensing propensity for a particular class of pesticides. In the initial section of the article, we have highlighted a detailed discussion on the classification of pesticides, and various methods available for pesticide detection, and the later sections report various chemosensors reported to date for sensing different classes of pesticides. Finally, we put forward a short discussion on the advantages and existing practical difficulties in employing fluorescent chemosensors for pesticide detection and also state the future perspective of this field toward developing practically useful sensing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 460-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d4sd00364k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in nitroreductase-activatable small molecule-based photosensitizers for precise cancer therapy","authors":"Fahui Hu, Linjun Zhang, Weiqing Qiu, Jing Wang, Yonsheng Liu, Wanhe Wang and Jin-Biao Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00014A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00014A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an innovative and highly promising modality for tumor treatment, attracting considerable attention within the medical community. However, it still faces several challenges, including limited selectivity, inadequate tissue penetration of light, and suboptimal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The utilization of probes, which are activated by nitroreductase (NTR) , an enzyme that is overexpressed in hypoxic tumor tissues, for imaging and PDT represents a compelling strategy for diagnosing and treating cancerous tumors. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current progress in NTR-responsive photosensitizers for cancer imaging and therapy. We also discuss current challenges and perspectives for NTR-activatable photosensitizers. We believe these probes offer promising modalities for precise cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 451-459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d5sd00014a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical signal amplification for pathogen nucleic acid detection utilizing a cobalt-based DNA-binding metallo-intercalator†","authors":"Joshua Rainbow, Emily P. Judd-Cooper, Simon J. A. Pope, Niklaas J. Buurma and Pedro Estrela","doi":"10.1039/D4SD00322E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SD00322E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper reports the development of a highly sensitive and rapid electrochemical biosensor for the detection of pathogen nucleic acids. The primary objective was to enhance the detection sensitivity of DNA biosensors for pathogen nucleic acids commonly found in fresh and wastewaters, the food industry, and clinical samples. This enhanced sensitivity was achieved through the addition of a [Co(GA)<small>₂</small>(aqphen)]Cl intercalating complex to increase the electrostatic field at the sensor surface/solution interface. Voltammetric and impedance-based detection techniques were employed to characterize the intercalation and redox-active properties of the compound. Additionally, non-faradaic impedance and voltammetric methods were characterized as appropriate techniques for electrochemical detection. Implementing the [Co(GA)<small>₂</small>(aqphen)]Cl intercalator led to increased voltammetric signal output using DPV, facilitating the rapid and sensitive detection of target DNA sequences. Notably, the [Co(GA)<small>₂</small>(aqphen)]Cl permitted detection using non-faradaic impedance in the absence of [Fe(CN)<small>₆</small>]<small>^3−/4−</small>. Characterization by cyclic voltammetric measurements revealed a surface-controlled redox mechanism and reversible electrochemistry of the compound intercalated with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Upon binding of 1 μM target DNA and 200 μM [Co(GA)<small>₂</small>(aqphen)]Cl, a 2250% current peak increase was achieved. This increase enabled the sensitive detection of a target DNA sequence representative of <em>E. coli</em> DNA in buffer with an LOD of 67.5 pM, 100-fold more sensitive than the standard unlabeled assay while maintaining assay simplicity, low cost, and quick response. The use of [Co(GA)<small>₂</small>(aqphen)]Cl among similar compounds in DNA biosensors offers a cost-effective and sensitive method for detecting waterborne pathogens such as <em>E. coli</em>. This approach could significantly improve environmental monitoring and pollution control by enabling more reliable and rapid monitoring of pathogens in water sources. Additionally, it has the potential to be of great use within the food industry and in point-of-care clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 519-528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d4sd00322e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral flow assay-based detection of nuclear fusion oncoprotein: implications for screening of acute promyelocytic leukemia†","authors":"Maede Chabi, Binh Vu, Kristen Brosamer, Sophia Song, Vijay Maranholkar, Zihua Zeng, Youli Zu, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Jacinta C. Conrad, Richard C. Willson and Katerina Kourentzi","doi":"10.1039/D4SD00357H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SD00357H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the slow progression of most cancers, speed of diagnosis is not of primary concern. However, the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is unusually urgent because its hemorrhagic complications can result in death within a few days. APL is highly treatable, but the turnaround time for standard molecular testing often exceeds the window for life-saving treatment, even in advanced medical centers. The hallmark of APL is the fusion of the PML and RARα genes (t(15;17)) resulting in the expression of a growth-promoting PML–RARα fusion protein. Toward timely screening for APL, we have developed a sensitive europium-based lateral flow immunoassay for direct detection of nuclear PML–RARα fusion oncoprotein. We demonstrated a limit of detection of 11% fusion protein positive NB4 cells spiked into healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells and an integrated filter-based sample preparation workflow showcasing its potential for clinically actionable utility in prompt APL screening. With further validation with clinical human samples this lateral flow immunoassay has the potential to enable fusion-protein based cancer diagnostics at true point-of-care.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":" 416-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JUNO-Checked – a live cell electrochemical biosensor for sperm function diagnostics†","authors":"Kushagr Punyani, Ingela Liljeqvist Soltic, Maria Liljander, Panchami Pradeepkumar, Carolin Psota, Frida Lundbland, Tore Duvold, Donogh FitzGerald, Jaime Castillo-León and Jae Shin","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00009B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00009B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conventional diagnosis for male-factor infertility primarily comprises standard microscopic semen analysis, including sperm count or concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm. Unfortunately, this standard analysis offers limited predictive value for pregnancy or the success of assisted reproduction treatments. There is an urgent need for diagnostic tools that effectively probe sperm function. This study discloses a novel diagnostic tool, JUNO-<em>Checked</em>, comprising an electrochemical biosensor for sperm function inspired by the molecular mechanisms of fertilization, utilizing immobilized JUNO protein of oocyte origin. We show that the JUNO-<em>Checked</em> biosensor can quantify sperm binding to the JUNO functionalized biosensor, represented here as the JUNO<em>Score</em>. This score provides a unique insight into sperm function that is inaccessible through standard microscopic semen analysis. Our results underscore the novelty and potential utility of the JUNO-<em>Checked</em> biosensor in clinical settings for diagnostics and personalized assisted reproduction treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 7","pages":" 579-585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d5sd00009b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}