Sensors & diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"A novel label-free EC aptasensor for early detection of H9N2 influenza using FFT-square wave voltammetry and validated by molecular docking","authors":"Negar Heidari, Nogol D. Moghaddam, Sharmin Kharrazi, Jahan B. Ghasemi, Melika F. Aghdam, Mahdi Amrollahi Bioyki, Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh and Parviz Norouzi","doi":"10.1039/D6SD00020G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD00020G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >H9N2 avian influenza threatens global poultry production and human health through cross-species transmission and its role as a genetic reservoir for emerging influenza strains, underscoring the need for rapid and reliable early detection. Here, we report a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on the B4 anti-H9N2 hemagglutinin (HA) aptamer, implemented for the first time as a biorecognition element in an electrochemical sensing platform. Compared to conventional antibody-based systems, the B4 aptamer offers high binding affinity, improved structural stability, and the ability to recognize intact viral particles, enabling reliable label-free detection. Computational modeling, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, was employed to evaluate aptamer–target interactions and to screen candidate sequences against structurally related viral targets, achieving predicted specificity of approximately 90–95%. This approach supports rational aptamer selection and reduces experimental trial-and-error. The sensing interface integrates cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<small>₂</small>), electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a conductive and stable nanostructured platform. A PolyA–PolyT-modified aptamer enables thiol-free, orientation-controlled immobilization <em>via</em> adenine–gold affinity, improving target accessibility and reducing steric hindrance, while CeO<small>₂</small> enhances biomolecule adsorption and immobilization stability. Signal transduction was performed using fast Fourier transform square-wave voltammetry (FFT-SWV) within a simplified, miniaturized potentiostat architecture, where part of the signal filtering is transferred from hardware to software. This approach suppresses capacitive background and noise in the frequency domain, improving signal-to-noise ratio and enabling lower detection limits while supporting portable implementation. Under optimized conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a linear response over 1.0 × 10<small>¹</small> to 1.0 × 10<small>⁵</small> PFU mL<small>⁻¹</small> with a detection limit of 0.25 PFU mL<small>⁻¹</small> (<em>R</em><small>²</small> ≈ 0.99). The sensor demonstrated high selectivity, excellent reproducibility (RSD &lt; 4%), and stable performance over ten days, with retained performance in allantoic fluid, confirming robustness in complex biological matrices. This work presents a sensitive and modular electrochemical sensing platform that integrates computationally guided aptamer design, engineered nanointerfaces, and advanced signal processing, offering strong potential for portable and point-of-care viral detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 868-883"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd00020g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication methods and applications of printed wearable sensors for real-time sweat analysis: a comprehensive review","authors":"Pegah Bavafa, Yahya Sorkhe, Lia A. Stanciu and Aytekin Uzunoglu","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00221D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00221D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sweat analysis has emerged as a new approach for non-invasive and continuous health monitoring. One of the significant advances in non-invasive sweat analysis has been leveraged by the implementation of printing technologies in electrochemical (bio)sensors. This in-depth review analyzes the fast-changing landscape of these cutting-edge sensors, emphasizing their strong potential to deliver continuous, real-time health information conveniently and affordably. We thoroughly examined various printing methods, including screen printing, inkjet printing, 3D printing, laser printing, roll-to-roll printing, and electrohydrodynamic jet printing, for the fabrication of the sweat sensors. In addition, an extensive section examines electrode and substrate materials, ranging from conventional carbon-based and metallic materials to advanced nanomaterials and conductive polymers. We also evaluated the shift from traditional carbon and metallic electrodes to advanced nanomaterials. A detailed assessment is provided of recent progress in the detection of critical analytes such as glucose, lactate, electrolytes, cortisol, and other ions across fitness and sports tracking, disease management, workplace health and safety, and personalized medicine. The last portion of the paper is devoted to unraveling the challenges against practical and commercial adaptation: long-term stability, sensitivity, and selectivity in complex bio-environments, and integration with communication technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 783-812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d5sd00221d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First annual Sensors & Diagnostics Emerging Investigators collection","authors":"None","doi":"10.1039/D6SD90005D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD90005D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":" 624-624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd90005d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributors to the Sensors & Diagnostics Emerging Investigators Collection 2025","authors":"None","doi":"10.1039/D6SD90006B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD90006B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 757-760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd90006b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement-aligned finite element modeling for predictive design of dual-port SAW resonators","authors":"Hongyang Guo, Xiaojing Zhang, Xinxin Li, Ping Wang, Hao Jia and Liujing Zhuang","doi":"10.1039/D6SD00016A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD00016A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are attractive building blocks for biomimetic olfaction and gustation arrays because their narrowband spectral features support sensitive resonance tracking. However, key metrics such as quality factor (<em>Q</em>) and ripple are highly sensitive to modeling assumptions and to the external measurement chain, which often leads to a gap between idealized simulations and experimental spectra. Here we present a measurement-aligned finite element method (MA-FEM) workflow for dual-port resonant Rayleigh-wave SAW devices that systematically drives the model toward real operating behavior. The approach combines stable domain and meshing settings, physically constrained loss calibration, and compact lumped element loading to capture dominant parasitic effects. Using the validated model, we perform parameter sweeps and build “the number of interdigital transducer (IDT) electrode pairs (<em>N</em><small>₁</small>) and reflector strips (<em>N</em><small>₂</small>) to <em>Q</em>” design maps that provide actionable selection windows and reveal high <em>Q</em> solutions under footprint constraints through trade-offs between transduction strength and cavity feedback. This work offers a reproducible simulation driven route to reduce fabrication trial and error and to support array-oriented SAW sensor design.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 848-857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd00016a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of avian influenza A virus (H5N1) via enzymatic reactions and glucometer test strips","authors":"Md Reazul Islam, Faisal Hossain, Michael A. Joyce, Mohamed Elaish, D. Lorne Tyrrell, Tom C. Hobman and Michael J. Serpe","doi":"10.1039/D6SD00003G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD00003G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A sensor capable of quantifying avian influenza A virus (subtype H5) was developed by targeting hemagglutinin (HA) protein. This was accomplished by designing a solution-based sandwich assay that generated orthophosphate (PO<small>₄</small><small>³⁻</small>) in proportion to the concentration of HA protein (and hence virus particles) present in a sample. Virus particles were captured and concentrated using an H5-specific primary antibody conjugated to magnetic microparticles. Following magnetic separation, an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated secondary antibody was introduced to bind to the captured virus. The resulting assembly was exposed to <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), producing PO<small>₄</small><small>³⁻</small> in proportion to the amount of virus present. The generated phosphate was subsequently converted to glucose through the addition of maltose and maltose phosphorylase, and the resulting glucose was quantified amperometrically using an off-the-shelf commercial glucose test strip interfaced with a mini-potentiostat. Using this approach, limits of detection of 7.78 × 10<small>⁵</small> RNA copies per mL in binding buffer, 1.46 × 10<small>⁶</small> RNA copies per mL in artificial saliva, and 1.26 × 10<small>⁶</small> RNA copies per mL in tap water were obtained. Selectivity was demonstrated against respiratory pathogen pools, representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This work presents a modular immunoassay-based strategy that leverages widely available glucose test strips for quantitative viral detection in a laboratory proof-of-concept format and may be adaptable to other targets through substitution of capture and detection antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":" 739-748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd00003g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-invasive blister fluid-based rapid test for point-of-care detection of varicella and herpes zoster: preliminary validation in a clinical setting","authors":"Fang-Ying Wang, Yi-You Huang and Chao-Min Cheng","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00231A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00231A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Varicella and herpes zoster, caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), remain prevalent worldwide and can cause severe complications if diagnosis is delayed. Early detection within the 72-hour therapeutic window is essential for initiating antiviral therapy to reduce transmission, postherpetic neuralgia, and other complications. Few non-invasive point-of-care tests for VZV are currently available. In this preliminary clinical validation of 30 cases, we developed and evaluated a blister fluid-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid VZV detection. The assay was tested using VZV standard solutions and blister fluid from patients and healthy controls. In real-world testing, direct visual interpretation achieved 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity within 15 minutes. Reflectance spectral analysis enabled quantitative measurement, with a limit of detection of 1.48 pg mL<small>⁻¹</small> and a limit of quantitation of 42.9 pg mL<small>⁻¹</small>; smartphone-assisted analysis produced comparable results without laboratory equipment. Its rapid turnaround, non-invasive sampling, and portability make this approach suitable for diverse healthcare settings, including community-based and at-home use. This “blister fluid biopsy” strategy may facilitate timely intervention, improve patient outcomes, and strengthen infection control, particularly in resource-limited environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":" 730-738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d5sd00231a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer- and DNAzyme-based biosensors for pathogen detection: diagnostic strategies and clinical applications","authors":"Yunting Fan, Ruiqin Jiang, Hongyan Liu, Wei Tian, Meng Liu and Zijie Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D6SD00023A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD00023A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pathogens that cause infectious diseases continue to pose threats to human health. The development of efficient and accurate diagnostic methods is essential for the prevention and control of pathogen infections. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), mainly aptamers and DNAzymes, offer unique advantages for diagnostic applications. FNA-based biosensors have been widely applied in pathogen detection. This review introduces recent advances in aptamer- and DNAzyme-based biosensors for pathogen detection, with a focus on diagnostic strategies targeting diverse pathogenic targets, including genomic nucleic acids, antigens, and intact bacterial cells or viral particles. We first introduce the major classes of infectious pathogens and their health risks, followed by an analysis of their potential diagnostic targets. We then discuss aptamer- and DNAzyme-based detection strategies, including DNAzymes for detecting genomic nucleic acids, the selection of bacterium-responsive DNAzymes, and the selection and engineering of aptamers for recognizing pathogen biomarkers and intact bacterial cells or viruses. Finally, we review recent progress toward the clinical translation of aptamer- and DNAzyme-based biosensors and outline current challenges and future directions in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 761-782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd00023a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-enzymatic sweat-based glucose sensors: progress, difficulties, and prospects","authors":"P. Kirubha, B. S. Sreeja and S. Fouziya Sulthana","doi":"10.1039/D6SD00042H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SD00042H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Effective diabetes therapy requires continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), yet existing blood-based measurement techniques are invasive and pose discomfort during prolonged use. Sweat's non-invasive collection, real-time secretion and compatibility with skin-conforming wearables have made it a promising substitute biofluid. Compared to enzyme-based platforms, non-enzymatic glucose sensors have attracted a lot of attention recently because of their greater stability, extended operating lifetime, and resistance to environmental deterioration. With an emphasis on the electrocatalytic mechanisms, novel materials, flexible substrates, and microfluidic integration techniques that allow precise detection of ultralow glucose concentrations in human sweat, this review provides a thorough overview of developments in non-enzymatic, sweat-based glucose sensing. Sensitivity, selectivity, and wearing compatibility are examined in connection to important material types, including as transition metals, metal oxides/hydroxides, noble metals, carbon nanomaterials, and hybrid composites. Along with commercially available sweat-sensing prototypes, recent advances in wireless communication, flexible electronics, and microfluidic sweat harvesting are discussed. The study critically analyses major barriers to clinical translation, such as sweat-rate variability, interference from electroactive species, sensor fouling, and challenges associated with accurate calibration. Lastly, future perspectives highlight the necessity of large-scale human validation, uniform calibration models, AI-based data processing, and multiparameter sensing. The purpose of this review is to direct the creation of wearable platforms for non-invasive glucose monitoring that are next-generation, dependable, and customized.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 6","pages":" 813-827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d6sd00042h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering anthraimidazoledione charge-transfer fluorophores for phospholipid detection through self-assembly-induced emission","authors":"Sourav Mondal and Nilanjan Dey","doi":"10.1039/D5SD00232J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SD00232J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, we report the design and synthesis of anthraimidazoledione-based fluorescent probes for the selective detection of cardiolipin (CL) at pH 7.0 in PBS buffer (phosphate buffered saline). Compound <strong>1</strong>, bearing a protonated tertiary amine moiety, exhibited a strong turn-on fluorescence response upon interaction with CL, with a rapid response time (&lt;15 s) and a detection limit of 5.8 nM. The probe also demonstrated high selectivity over other mitochondrial lipids and biomolecules, with minimal background interference. Also, the sensitivity towards CL was found to be dependent on the nature of the positively charged residue at the terminal position. Mechanistic studies revealed electrostatic complexation between the cationic probe and CL, supported by a 2 : 1 binding stoichiometry, increased anisotropy (0.147 → 0.595), and extended fluorescence lifetime (<em>τ</em> = 2.78 ns). These features highlight the potential of the probe for sensitive CL quantification and diagnostic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":" 697-704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/sd/d5sd00232j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}