American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第7页

Risk of COVID-19 reinfection and vaccine breakthrough infection, Madera County, California, 2021. 2021 年加利福尼亚州马德拉县 COVID-19 再感染和疫苗突破感染的风险。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae308

Minhphuong Nguyen, Eric Paul, Paul K Mills, Simon Paul

{"title":"Risk of COVID-19 reinfection and vaccine breakthrough infection, Madera County, California, 2021.","authors":"Minhphuong Nguyen, Eric Paul, Paul K Mills, Simon Paul","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae308","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae308","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 vaccine efficacy has been evaluated in controlled clinical trials and serves as a benchmark for evaluating the protection acquired from prior COVID-19 infection (\"natural immunity\"). A cohort of persons with a prior COVID-19 infection was matched to a cohort of COVID-19 vaccinated persons, and the risk of reinfection post-COVID-19 infection was compared to the risk of a COVID-19 infection postvaccination. The hazard ratio (HR) for risk of reinfection from day 90 to 300 after initial COVID-19 infection vs vaccine breakthrough infection was 0.48, (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.73). Thus from 90 to 300 days after COVID-19 infection, the post-COVID-19 infection cohort had a lower risk of COVID-19 infection compared with those fully vaccinated. The risk of death associated with the initial COVID-19 infection requisite for acquiring post-COVID-19 immunity was also assessed. The hazard ratio for deaths from all causes among those acquiring immunity via COVID-19 infection vs vaccination was 14.9 (95% CI, 7.27-30.4). Thus, while post-COVID-19 immunity was on a level comparable to that of vaccination, there was a 15-fold higher mortality resulting from achieving \"natural immunity\" vs acquiring vaccine-provided immunity.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1595-1602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allostatic load and cancer risk, progression, and mortality in epidemiologic studies. 流行病学研究中的适应负荷与癌症风险、进展和死亡率。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf038

Naoko Ishibe, Gary L Ellison, Divi Rao, Tram Kim Lam

引用次数: 0

Analyses using multiple imputation need to consider missing data in auxiliary variables. 使用多重估算进行分析时需要考虑辅助变量中的缺失数据。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae306

Paul Madley-Dowd, Elinor Curnow, Rachael A Hughes, Rosie P Cornish, Kate Tilling, Jon Heron

{"title":"Analyses using multiple imputation need to consider missing data in auxiliary variables.","authors":"Paul Madley-Dowd, Elinor Curnow, Rachael A Hughes, Rosie P Cornish, Kate Tilling, Jon Heron","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae306","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae306","url":null,"abstract":"Auxiliary variables are used in multiple imputation (MI) to reduce bias and increase efficiency. These variables may often themselves be incomplete. We explored how missing data in auxiliary variables influenced estimates obtained from MI. We implemented a simulation study with 3 different missing data mechanisms for the outcome. We then examined the impact of increasing proportions of missing data and different missingness mechanisms for the auxiliary variable on bias of an unadjusted linear regression coefficient and the fraction of missing information. We illustrate our findings with an applied example in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We found that where complete records analyses were biased, increasing proportions of missing data in auxiliary variables, under any missing data mechanism, reduced the ability of MI including the auxiliary variable to mitigate this bias. Where there was no bias in the complete records analysis, inclusion of a missing not at random auxiliary variable in MI introduced bias of potentially important magnitude (up to 17% of the effect size in our simulation). Careful consideration of the quantity and nature of missing data in auxiliary variables needs to be made when selecting them for use in MI models.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1756-1763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A propensity score approach and a partitioned approach for the self-controlled case series design to evaluate safety of a 2-dose vaccine series: comment. 倾向得分法和分区法用于自控病例系列设计，以评估两剂疫苗系列的安全性：评论。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae258

Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkkit

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary on interventional pharmacoepidemiology: origins, current status, and future possibilities. 介入药物流行病学：起源、现状和未来的可能性。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae383

Jerry Avorn

{"title":"Invited commentary on interventional pharmacoepidemiology: origins, current status, and future possibilities.","authors":"Jerry Avorn","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae383","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae383","url":null,"abstract":"Interventional pharmacoepidemiology applies quantitative analysis of patterns of medication use and outcomes to help design, guide, and then evaluate programs to improve prescription drug use and outcomes. Surveillance of prescribing and drug-taking in large populations is increasingly practical because of the proliferation of detailed data on medication use decisions, often based on paid claims billing data. At the same time, increasingly granular clinical information is available on patient characteristics and outcomes. This can offer important opportunities to identify problematic use, focus interventions to address them, and measure their impact. Alexander et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2025;194(4):1052-1057) review the need for such research and provide methodological guidance for its performance. While randomized controlled trials of such interventions are ideal, real-world considerations often require other evaluation strategies, including stepped-wedge designs and interrupted time-series analysis. As drug therapy becomes more powerful and more costly, and the risks of poor medication choices as well as underuse of effective treatments become even better understood, the health care system will increasingly rely on such approaches to assess current patterns of prescribing and patient adherence, target programs to address problem areas, and measure the effectiveness of such interventions.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1501-1503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why use methods that require proportional hazards? 特邀评论：为什么使用需要比例危害的方法？

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae361

Mats J Stensrud, Miguel A Hernán

引用次数: 0

Estimating additive interaction in 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis. 估算两阶段个体参与者数据元分析中的相加交互作用

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae325

Maartje Basten, Lonneke A van Tuijl, Kuan-Yu Pan, Adriaan W Hoogendoorn, Femke Lamers, Adelita V Ranchor, Joost Dekker, Philipp Frank, Henrike Galenkamp, Mirjam J Knol, Nolwenn Noisel, Yves Payette, Erik R Sund, Aeilko H Zwinderman, Lützen Portengen, Mirjam I Geerlings

{"title":"Estimating additive interaction in 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"Maartje Basten, Lonneke A van Tuijl, Kuan-Yu Pan, Adriaan W Hoogendoorn, Femke Lamers, Adelita V Ranchor, Joost Dekker, Philipp Frank, Henrike Galenkamp, Mirjam J Knol, Nolwenn Noisel, Yves Payette, Erik R Sund, Aeilko H Zwinderman, Lützen Portengen, Mirjam I Geerlings","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae325","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae325","url":null,"abstract":"Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis provides important opportunities to study interaction and effect modification for which individual studies often lack power. While previous meta-analyses have commonly focused on multiplicative interaction, additive interaction holds greater relevance for public health and may in certain contexts better reflect biological interaction. Methodological literature on interaction in IPD meta-analysis does not cover additive interaction for models including binary or time-to-event outcomes. We aimed to describe how the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) and other measures of additive interaction or effect modification can be validly estimated within 2-stage IPD meta-analysis. First, we explain why direct pooling of study-level RERI estimates may lead to invalid results. Next, we propose a 3-step procedure to estimate additive interaction: (1) estimate effects of both exposures and their product term on the outcome within each individual study; (2) pool study-specific estimates using multivariate meta-analysis; (3) estimate an overall RERI and 95% confidence interval based on the pooled effect estimates. We illustrate this procedure by investigating interaction between depression and smoking and risk of smoking-related cancers using data from the PSYchosocial factors and Cancer (PSY-CA) consortium. We discuss implications of this procedure, including the application in meta-analysis based on published data.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1661-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fostering public health and academic partnerships during and beyond a public health emergency: lessons learned from COVID-19. 在突发公共卫生事件期间和之后加强公共卫生和学术伙伴关系：从COVID-19吸取的经验教训。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf007

Tomás M León, Lauren A White, Hilary Spindler, Joshua Schwab, Maya L Petersen, Jason Vargo, William Wheeler, Priya B Shete, Seema Jain, James Watt, Erica S Pan, A Marm Kilpatrick

引用次数: 0

Bidirectional associations between probable eating disorders and mental health conditions among military service members and veterans. 军人和退伍军人中可能存在的饮食失调与心理健康问题之间的双向关联。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae205

Neika Sharifian, Travis N Ray, Isabel G Jacobson, Patrycja Klimek-Johnson, Hope S McMaster, Toni Rose Geronimo-Hara, Rudolph P Rull, Shira Maguen

{"title":"Bidirectional associations between probable eating disorders and mental health conditions among military service members and veterans.","authors":"Neika Sharifian, Travis N Ray, Isabel G Jacobson, Patrycja Klimek-Johnson, Hope S McMaster, Toni Rose Geronimo-Hara, Rudolph P Rull, Shira Maguen","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae205","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae205","url":null,"abstract":"Although prior research has examined the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) such as binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) among military personnel, less is known regarding temporal associations between EDs and other mental health conditions. Using longitudinal data from 179 694 service members and veterans from the Millennium Cohort Study, temporal associations between EDs (BN and BED) and mental health conditions (posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and problem drinking) were investigated using a cross-lagged panel model approach. Results indicated consistent bidirectional associations between most mental health conditions and EDs; however, the magnitude of these cross-lagged associations varied across BN and BED. Cross-lagged effects of mental health conditions on subsequent BED were significantly stronger than BED to mental health condition cross-lagged effects. In contrast, cross-lagged effects of BN on subsequent mental health conditions were stronger than mental health conditions to BN. Preventive screening for those at risk for BN may have a stronger impact on mitigating downstream mental health conditions, whereas interventions among those with mental health conditions may play a greater role in eliminating maladaptive coping strategies including binge eating. Study findings underscore the importance of early detection of mental health conditions and EDs to maximize readiness among service members.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1621-1630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk and protective factors of probable binge eating disorder in US military spouses: findings from the Millennium Cohort Family Study. 美国军人配偶可能患暴饮暴食症的风险和保护因素：千年队列家庭研究》的发现。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae206

Travis N Ray, Alejandro P Esquivel, Hope S McMaster, Isabel G Jacobson, Shira Maguen

{"title":"Risk and protective factors of probable binge eating disorder in US military spouses: findings from the Millennium Cohort Family Study.","authors":"Travis N Ray, Alejandro P Esquivel, Hope S McMaster, Isabel G Jacobson, Shira Maguen","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae206","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae206","url":null,"abstract":"Binge eating disorder (BED) is a public health concern that has received little research attention in military families. More research is needed to identify risk and protective factors to inform intervention and prevention efforts. This longitudinal study examined predictors of probable BED in a sample of US military spouses (n = 5269). Data were derived from the Millennium Cohort Family Study, which included baseline assessments of risk and protective factors and a follow-up assessment of probable BED approximately 3 years later. Results of a multivariable logistic regression model indicated that spouses with probable posttraumatic stress disorder, adverse childhood experiences, or who were former smokers had increased risk of probable BED at follow-up. Spouses of service members who had a deployment with combat exposure and spouses of those who had not deployed had higher risk of probable BED than spouses whose service member deployed without combat exposure. Age > 34 years was the only protective factor to emerge as significant in the adjusted model. Results highlight the need for interventions to improve psychoeducation and coping skills of military spouses, which may mitigate BED symptoms stemming from military-related stressors (eg, combat deployment) or prior trauma, especially once maladaptive coping mechanisms (eg, smoking) have ceased.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1631-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0