American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第7页

Emulating randomized trials: treading carefully and pushing the limits.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf023

Christel Renoux, Samy Suissa

引用次数: 0

The Puerto Rico Young Adults' Stress, Contextual, Behavioral, and Cardiometabolic Risk (PR-OUTLOOK) Study: design and methods. 波多黎各青年压力、环境、行为和心脏代谢风险（PR-OUTLOOK）研究：设计与方法。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae163

Cynthia M Pérez, Catarina I Kiefe, Sharina D Person, Katherine L Tucker, Polaris Torres, Estefanía Sandoval, Claudia Boneu, Zuleika Ramírez, Josiemer Mattei, José Rodríguez-Orengo, Israel Almodóvar-Rivera, Milagros C Rosal

{"title":"The Puerto Rico Young Adults' Stress, Contextual, Behavioral, and Cardiometabolic Risk (PR-OUTLOOK) Study: design and methods.","authors":"Cynthia M Pérez, Catarina I Kiefe, Sharina D Person, Katherine L Tucker, Polaris Torres, Estefanía Sandoval, Claudia Boneu, Zuleika Ramírez, Josiemer Mattei, José Rodríguez-Orengo, Israel Almodóvar-Rivera, Milagros C Rosal","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae163","url":null,"abstract":"The Puerto Rico (PR) Young Adults' Stress, Contextual, Behavioral and Cardiometabolic Risk Study (PR-OUTLOOK) is investigating overall and component-specific cardiovascular health (CVH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a sample of young Puerto Rican adults (aged 18-29 years) in PR (target n = 3000) and examining relationships between individual-, family- or social-, and neighborhood-level stress and resilience factors and CVH and CVD risk factors. The study researchers are conducting standardized measurements of CVH and CVD risk factors and demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, neighborhood, and contextual variables and establishing a biorepository of blood, saliva, urine, stool, and hair samples. The assessment methods are aligned with other National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded studies: the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends of adults aged 30-75 years; the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos; the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study; and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. PR-OUTLOOK data and the study biorepository will facilitate future longitudinal studies of the temporality of associations between stress and resilient factors and CVH and CVD risk factors among young Puerto Ricans. These resources have potential for advancing the scientific understanding of these conditions in a high-risk but understudied young population.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"587-597"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Could differential underreporting of loneliness between men and women bias the gender-specific association between loneliness duration and rate of memory decline? A probabilistic bias analysis of effect modification. 男性和女性对孤独感的低报是否会影响孤独感持续时间与记忆力衰退速度之间的性别相关性？效应修正的概率偏差分析。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae186

Xuexin Yu, Laura B Zahodne, Alden L Gross, Belinda L Needham, Kenneth M Langa, Tsai-Chin Cho, Lindsay C Kobayashi

{"title":"Could differential underreporting of loneliness between men and women bias the gender-specific association between loneliness duration and rate of memory decline? A probabilistic bias analysis of effect modification.","authors":"Xuexin Yu, Laura B Zahodne, Alden L Gross, Belinda L Needham, Kenneth M Langa, Tsai-Chin Cho, Lindsay C Kobayashi","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae186","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae186","url":null,"abstract":"Gender is an observed effect modifier of the association between loneliness and memory aging. However, this effect modification may be a result of information bias due to differential loneliness underreporting by gender. We applied probabilistic bias analyses to examine whether effect modification of the loneliness-memory decline relationship by gender is retained under three simulation scenarios with various magnitudes of differential loneliness underreporting between men and women. Data were from biennial interviews with adults aged ≥ 50 years in the US Health and Retirement Study from 1996-2016 (5646 women and 3386 men). Loneliness status (yes vs no) was measured from 1996-2004 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale loneliness item, and memory was measured from 2004-2016. Simulated sensitivity and specificity of the loneliness measure were informed by a validation study using the UCLA Loneliness Scale as a gold standard. The likelihood of observing effect modification by gender was higher than 90% in all simulations, although the likelihood reduced with an increasing difference in magnitude of the loneliness underreporting between men and women. The gender difference in loneliness underreporting did not meaningfully affect the observed effect modification by gender in our simulations. Our simulation approach may be promising to quantify potential information bias in effect modification analyses.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"811-819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A data harmonization project of 3 large prospective cardiovascular health-focused cohorts. 三个以心血管健康为重点的大型前瞻性队列数据协调项目。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae264

Matthew M Scarpaci, Jee Won Park, Laura Dionne, Belinda L Needham, Mario Sims, Alka M Kanaya, Namratha R Kandula, Joseph L Fava, Charles B Eaton, Chanelle J Howe, Akilah J Dulin

{"title":"A data harmonization project of 3 large prospective cardiovascular health-focused cohorts.","authors":"Matthew M Scarpaci, Jee Won Park, Laura Dionne, Belinda L Needham, Mario Sims, Alka M Kanaya, Namratha R Kandula, Joseph L Fava, Charles B Eaton, Chanelle J Howe, Akilah J Dulin","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae264","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae264","url":null,"abstract":"Few prospective studies examine multilevel resilience resources and psychosocial factors in relation to cardiovascular health and disease. Recent research indicates that resilience resources are associated with a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease-related events, but few studies have examined this relationship across different racial/ethnic populations or in large cohorts. Harmonization may address these limitations because it allows data from several cohorts to be analyzed together, potentially increasing sample size and in turn power overall and in minority populations. This article describes the process involved in combining 3 cardiovascular health-focused cohorts: Jackson Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study. Using a systematic process, we identified appropriate data harmonization techniques to use in harmonizing variables across cohorts. Variables included exposures (eg, resilience resources), outcomes (eg, American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7), and covariates (eg, race and ethnicity). Post-harmonization examinations included psychometric analyses of the harmonized variables. A total of 13 284 participants were included in the final harmonized data set. This project provides opportunities for future research in resilience resources and informs future studies that need to harmonize data. Results based on the harmonized data set could inform interventions and policies.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"608-624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential biases in test-negative design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness arising from the inclusion of asymptomatic individuals. COVID-19疫苗有效性试验阴性设计研究中因纳入无症状个体而产生的潜在偏差。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae288

Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela, Mabel Carabali, Cong Jiang, Joanna Merckx, Denis Talbot, Mireille E Schnitzer

{"title":"Potential biases in test-negative design studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness arising from the inclusion of asymptomatic individuals.","authors":"Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela, Mabel Carabali, Cong Jiang, Joanna Merckx, Denis Talbot, Mireille E Schnitzer","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae288","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae288","url":null,"abstract":"The test-negative design (TND) is a popular method for evaluating vaccine effectiveness (VE). A \"classical\" TND study includes symptomatic individuals tested for the disease targeted by the vaccine to estimate VE against symptomatic infection. However, recent applications of the TND have attempted to estimate VE against infection by including all tested individuals, regardless of their symptoms. In this article, we use directed acyclic graphs and simulations to investigate potential biases in TND studies of COVID-19 VE arising from the use of this \"alternative\" approach, particularly when applied during periods of widespread testing. We show that the inclusion of asymptomatic individuals can potentially lead to collider stratification bias, uncontrolled confounding by health and healthcare-seeking behaviors (HSBs), and differential outcome misclassification. While our focus is on the COVID-19 setting, the issues discussed here may also be relevant in the context of other infectious diseases. This may be particularly true in scenarios where there is either a high baseline prevalence of infection, a strong correlation between HSBs and vaccination, different testing practices for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, or settings where both the vaccine under study attenuates symptoms of infection and diagnostic accuracy is modified by the presence of symptoms.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"844-856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathur and Shpitser respond to "The evolution of selection bias in the recent epidemiologic literature-a selective overview". Mathur 和 Shpitser 回应 "近期流行病学文献中选择偏差的演变--选择性概述"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae287

Maya B Mathur, Ilya Shpitser

引用次数: 0

Enrolling high-acuity emergency general surgery patients in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. 在一项前瞻性纵向队列研究中招募高危急诊普外科患者。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae201

Holly Baselice, Whitney Kellett, Adara McCarty, Jon Wisler, Heena Santry

{"title":"Enrolling high-acuity emergency general surgery patients in a prospective longitudinal cohort study.","authors":"Holly Baselice, Whitney Kellett, Adara McCarty, Jon Wisler, Heena Santry","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae201","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae201","url":null,"abstract":"Over 3 million patients are admitted to hospitals annually with high-acuity conditions mandating emergency abdominal or skin/soft-tissue operations. Patients with these high-acuity emergency general surgery (HA-EGS) diseases experience significant morbidity and mortality, yet the quality-of-life impact on survivors is not well studied. Acuity, transfer patterns, and adverse social determinants of health documented in epidemiologic studies are cited reasons for inability to measure patient-reported outcomes among HA-EGS survivors. We conducted a feasibility study to understand facilitators/barriers to conducting prospective studies of changes in quality of life after surviving HA-EGS. From September 2019 to April 2021, we collected baseline (preadmission) and 30/60 days' postsurgery data on activities of daily living, depression, self-efficacy, resilience, pain, work limitations, social support, and substance use from patients who enrolled in the study during index hospitalization. One hundred patients consented to participate (71.9% enrollment rate). The retention rate was 65.9% for 30-day follow-up telephone calls and 53.8% for 60-day follow-up calls. Median time needed to complete each time point remained under 25 minutes. Patients with a longer length of stay and nicotine users had higher odds of not completing their 30-day interview, while those with systemic complications had higher odds of not completing their 60-day interview. These results lay the foundation for future patient-reported outcome studies.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"820-829"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to network meta-analysis: understanding what it is, how it is done, and how it can be used for decision-making. 网络荟萃分析简介：了解什么是网络荟萃分析、如何进行网络荟萃分析以及如何将网络荟萃分析用于决策。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae260

Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Gordon H Guyatt

引用次数: 0

Grace periods and exposure misclassification in self-controlled case-series studies of drug-drug interactions. 药物相互作用自我对照病例系列研究中的宽限期和暴露误分类。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae231

Hanxi Zhang, Warren B Bilker, Charles E Leonard, Sean Hennessy, Todd A Miano

{"title":"Grace periods and exposure misclassification in self-controlled case-series studies of drug-drug interactions.","authors":"Hanxi Zhang, Warren B Bilker, Charles E Leonard, Sean Hennessy, Todd A Miano","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae231","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae231","url":null,"abstract":"The self-controlled case-series (SCCS) research design is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiologic studies of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), with the target of inference being the incidence rate ratio (IRR) associated with concomitant exposure to the object plus precipitant drug vs the object drug alone. While day-level drug exposure can be inferred from dispensing claims, these inferences may be inaccurate, leading to biased IRRs. Grace periods (periods assuming continued treatment impact after days' supply exhaustion) are frequently used by researchers, but the impact of grace period decisions on bias from exposure misclassification remains unclear. Motivated by an SCCS study examining the potential DDI between clopidogrel (object) and warfarin (precipitant), we investigated bias due to precipitant or object exposure misclassification using simulations. We show that misclassified precipitant treatment always biases the estimated IRR toward the null, whereas misclassified object treatment may lead to bias in either direction or no bias, depending on the scenario. Further, including a grace period for each object dispensing may unintentionally increase the risk of misclassification bias. To minimize such bias, we recommend (1) avoiding the use of grace periods when specifying object drug exposure episodes and (2) including a washout period following each precipitant exposed period. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"802-810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam: S. Leonard Syme, 1932-2025.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf042

Michael Marmot

引用次数: 0