American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第10页

The effect of lifting eviction moratoria on fatal drug overdoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. 在美国COVID-19大流行的背景下，解除驱逐禁令对致命药物过量的影响。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf105

Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Iván Díaz, Giselle Routhier, Cameron C McKay, Ellicott C Matthay, Samuel R Friedman, Kely M Doran, Magdalena Cerdá

{"title":"The effect of lifting eviction moratoria on fatal drug overdoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US.","authors":"Ariadne Rivera-Aguirre, Iván Díaz, Giselle Routhier, Cameron C McKay, Ellicott C Matthay, Samuel R Friedman, Kely M Doran, Magdalena Cerdá","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf105","url":null,"abstract":"Between May 2020 and December 2021, there were 159,872 drug overdose deaths in the US. Higher eviction rates have been associated with higher overdose mortality. Amid the economic turmoil caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 43 states and Washington, DC, implemented eviction moratoria of varying durations. These moratoria reduced eviction filing rates, but their impact on fatal drug overdoses remains unexplored. We evaluated the effect of these policies on county-level overdose death rates by focusing on the dates the state eviction moratoria were lifted. We obtained mortality data from NCHS and eviction moratoria dates from the COVID-19 US State Policy Database. We employed a longitudinal targeted minimum-loss-based estimation with Super Learner to flexibly estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of never lifting the moratoria. Lifting state eviction moratoria was associated with a 0.14 per 100,000 higher rate of monthly overdose mortality (95%CI: -0.03, 0.32), although confidence intervals were wide and included zero. Eviction moratoria may not be sufficient to prevent overdose mortality during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of childhood and adult socioeconomic status with adult social connection: a mediation analysis. 儿童和成人社会经济地位与成人社会联系的关联：中介分析。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf106

Laura Cachón-Alonso, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Christian Hakulinen, Katja Pahkala, Suvi Rovio, Olli T Raitakari, Nina Hutri, Kaisla Komulainen, Marko Elovainio

{"title":"Association of childhood and adult socioeconomic status with adult social connection: a mediation analysis.","authors":"Laura Cachón-Alonso, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Christian Hakulinen, Katja Pahkala, Suvi Rovio, Olli T Raitakari, Nina Hutri, Kaisla Komulainen, Marko Elovainio","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf106","url":null,"abstract":"In this prospective cohort study, we explored associations of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) with social connection in adulthood, and to which extent these associations can be explained by SES in adulthood. We used data from the longitudinal Young Finns Study (n=1,775, 3-18 years at baseline). Childhood SES was assessed through parental income and educational attainment in 1980, and participants' own adult SES through income and educational attainment in 2007. The outcomes were three indicators of social connection measured in 2018-2020: 1) loneliness, 2) perceived social support and 3) frequency of social contact. SES indicators were analyzed separately using regression models and causal mediation analysis via marginal structural models. In the mediation analyses, low parental income was associated with higher loneliness, lower perceived social support, and less frequent social contact in adulthood while adjusting for parental and own educational attainment. The associations with loneliness and perceived social support were partially mediated by participants' income in adulthood. Conversely, the associations between parental educational attainment and social connection in adulthood were smaller, with confidence intervals including the null. These results emphasize that poor family financial conditions during childhood may have long-lasting implications for the development and maintenance of social connection throughout the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between maternal periconceptional dietary patterns and occurrence of orofacial clefts. 母亲孕产期饮食模式与唇腭裂发生的关系。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf102

Erin G Sley, Tania A Desrosiers, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Suzan L Carmichael, Joanna Maselko, Mollie E Wood, Elizabeth C Ailes, Wendy N Nembhard, Wei Yang, Andrew F Olshan, And The National Birth Defects Prevention Study

{"title":"Association between maternal periconceptional dietary patterns and occurrence of orofacial clefts.","authors":"Erin G Sley, Tania A Desrosiers, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Suzan L Carmichael, Joanna Maselko, Mollie E Wood, Elizabeth C Ailes, Wendy N Nembhard, Wei Yang, Andrew F Olshan, And The National Birth Defects Prevention Study","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf102","url":null,"abstract":"Orofacial clefts (OFC) are a common birth defect with few known risk factors (e.g., smoking). Maternal diet is associated with birth defects, though the relationship with OFC is less clear as studies typically only investigate single nutrients. We assessed the association between periconceptional maternal diet and OFC in the United States, using the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011), including 3,649 cases (2,480 cleft lip with/without palate [CL/P] and 1,169 cleft palate [CP]) and 10,584 controls (infants without a birth defect). Using latent class analysis, we derived dietary patterns based on relative consumption of self-reported food items via food frequency data. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of dietary patterns on OFC. Four patterns were identified: Prudent (reference), Western, Low-Calorie Western, and Mexican. The Western diet had increased odds of CL/P (aOR: 1.3, CI: 1.2-1.5) and CP (aOR: 1.2, CI: 1.1-1.4). Low-Calorie Western (CL/P aOR: 1.2, CI: 1.0-1.4; CP aOR: 1.0, CI: 0.9-1.2) and Mexican diets (CL/P aOR: 1.1, CI: 0.9-1.3; CP aOR: 0.8, CI: 0.6-1.1) had a weaker or null association. Findings underscore the importance of further investigation into the effect of periconceptional diet on OFC occurrence.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Happens to Your Manuscript: Characteristics of Papers Published in Volume 193 of the American Journal of Epidemiology. 你的手稿发生了什么：发表在《美国流行病学杂志》第193卷的论文的特点。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf104

Sara Daniel, Lorraine T Dean, Catherine R Lesko, Harriett Telljohann, Lori E Biddle, Enrique F Schisterman, On Behalf Of The Editorial Board

引用次数: 0

Comparing two-step approaches to measuring gender identity: the reliability and applications of asking about sex assigned at birth vs transgender self-identification. 比较测量性别认同的两步法：比较测量性别认同的两步方法：询问出生时指定的性别与变性者自我认同的可靠性和应用》（The Reliability and Applications of Asking About Sex Assigned at Birth versus Transgender Self-Identification.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae341

Diana M Tordoff, Brian Minalga, Nicole Ó Catháin, Atlas Fernandez, Bennie Gross, Sara N Glick

{"title":"Comparing two-step approaches to measuring gender identity: the reliability and applications of asking about sex assigned at birth vs transgender self-identification.","authors":"Diana M Tordoff, Brian Minalga, Nicole Ó Catháin, Atlas Fernandez, Bennie Gross, Sara N Glick","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae341","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae341","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusive measures of gender are critical for health equity research. This study compared the reliability and applications of 2 different approaches for measuring gender in response to emerging community concerns regarding the potential harms of asking about sex assigned at birth (SAAB) within transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations. Using data from a 2021 survey of LGBTQ+ people in Washington state, we compared approaches for measuring gender via a 2-step question that collected data on (1) current gender and SAAB vs (2) current gender and transgender self-identification. Among 2275 LGBTQ+ participants aged 9-81 years, 63% were cisgender, 35% TGD, and 2% were not categorized. There was near perfect agreement between the 2 methods in their ability to identify TGD participants (percent agreement = 99.7%, unweighted Cohen's Kappa = 0.99). Among gender diverse participants, stratification by SAAB revealed differences in sexual health outcomes, while stratification by transgender self-identification revealed differences in access to gender-affirming care and lifetime experiences of discrimination. Ascertaining SAAB may be most useful for identifying sexual health disparities, while transgender self-identification may better illuminate healthcare needs and social determinants of health among TGD people. Researchers and public health practitioners should critically consider the acceptability and relevance of SAAB questions to their research goals.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1255-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint associations of diet and physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes and hypertension: an analysis of 144 288 UK Biobank participants. 饮食和体育锻炼与 2 型糖尿病和高血压发病的共同关系：对 144 288 名英国生物库参与者的分析。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae180

Elif Inan-Eroglu, Matthew Ahmadi, Amanda Sainsbury, Michael Leitzmann, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates, Emmanuel Stamatakis

{"title":"Joint associations of diet and physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes and hypertension: an analysis of 144 288 UK Biobank participants.","authors":"Elif Inan-Eroglu, Matthew Ahmadi, Amanda Sainsbury, Michael Leitzmann, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates, Emmanuel Stamatakis","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae180","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae180","url":null,"abstract":"Studies examining the joint associations of lifestyle exposures can reveal novel synergistic and joint effects, but no study has examined the joint association of diet and physical activity (PA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. The aim of this study is to examine the joint associations of PA and diet with incidence of type T2D and hypertension, as a combined outcome and separately in a large sample of adults in the United Kingdom. This prospective cohort study included 144 288 UK Biobank participants aged 40-69. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a wrist accelerometer. We categorized PA and diet indicators (diet quality score [DQS] and energy intake [EI]) based on tertiles and derived joint PA and diet variables. Outcome was major cardiometabolic disease incidence (combination of T2D and hypertension). A total of 14 003 (7.1%) participants developed T2D, 28 075 (19.2%) developed hypertension, and 30 529 (21.2%) developed T2D or hypertension over a mean follow-up of 10.9 (3.7) years. Participants with middle and high self-reported MVPA levels had lower risk of major cardiometabolic disease regardless of diet (eg, among high DQS group, hazard ratios [HRs] in middle and high MVPA group were 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86-0.94), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92), respectively. Participants with jointly high device-measured MVPA and high DQS levels had lower major cardiometabolic disease risk (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-0.99). The equivalent joint device-measured MVPA and EI exposure analyses showed no clear pattern of associations with the outcomes. Higher PA is an important component in cardiometabolic disease prevention across all diet quality and total EI groups. The observed lack of association between diet health outcomes may stem from a lower DQS.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1362-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking Manuscript Categories to Reflect the Future of Epidemiology. 重新思考手稿分类以反映流行病学的未来。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf099

Enrique Schisterman, Catherine Lesko, Lorraine T Dean, John Jackson

引用次数: 0

The role of epidemiologists in addressing the public health consequences of the United States criminal legal system. 流行病学家在解决美国刑事法律制度的公共卫生后果方面的作用。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae477

Sara N Levintow, Molly Remch, Katherine LeMasters, Dana K Rice

{"title":"The role of epidemiologists in addressing the public health consequences of the United States criminal legal system.","authors":"Sara N Levintow, Molly Remch, Katherine LeMasters, Dana K Rice","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae477","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae477","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to the US criminal legal system-whether through contact with law enforcement, incarceration in a jail or prison, or community supervision-is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. There is mounting evidence that mass incarceration drives health inequities, particularly for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. However, relative to its outsized impacts on health and health inequities, the criminal legal system has received limited attention in epidemiology. In this commentary, we use a public health prevention framework to highlight opportunities for epidemiologic research aiming to (1) reduce the number of people entering the criminal legal system (primary prevention), (2) improve conditions of confinement (secondary), and (3) reduce recidivism and re-involvement in the system (tertiary). We describe common biases (confounding, selection, measurement, and missingness) encountered in research at each prevention level and identify ways in which epidemiologists can help to address these challenges. Our goal is to emphasize the unique strengths that epidemiologists can bring to investigating and intervening on the wide-ranging health consequences of a societal system that disproportionately impacts its most marginalized members.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1173-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in disability and limitations among US adults aged 18-44 years, 2000-2018. 2000-2018 年美国 18-44 岁成年人的残疾和限制趋势。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae262

Anna Zajacova, Rachel Margolis

{"title":"Trends in disability and limitations among US adults aged 18-44 years, 2000-2018.","authors":"Anna Zajacova, Rachel Margolis","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae262","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae262","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding disability trends is critical for health care and social policy. Although trends in disability and limitations have been studied extensively among older and middle-aged adults, little is known about trends in younger Americans, despite their importance for current and future population health. We present the first comprehensive evidence on disability trends among US adults age 18-44. We analyze 20 measures of disability and limitations collected in the nationally representative National Health Interview Survey 2000-2018 (n = 261 505). Robust Poisson models estimate age- and sex-adjusted trends and their covariates. Over one-quarter (27.4%) reported at least 1 disability or limitation; the age-adjusted prevalence increased by 5% from 2000 to 2018. However, trends for specific disabilities and limitations varied tremendously. Activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living limitations, cognitive, and social disabilities increased steeply (by 65%-89% over the study period). Mobility limitations were generally unchanged or increased modestly. Hearing and \"other\" limitations decreased significantly (25%-48% decrease). The trends are only partly explained by education, health behaviors, chronic conditions, and other covariates. Disability trends research must not be limited to older adults. Researchers and policy makers interested in health care policy, planning, and caregiving should pay attention to disability trends among young adults in the United States.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1381-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediagnostic whole-blood cadmium and molybdenum associated with pancreatic cancer in an American cohort. 美国队列中与胰腺癌相关的诊断前全血镉和钼。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae165

Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, David Jin, Wen-Yi Huang, John Brockman

{"title":"Prediagnostic whole-blood cadmium and molybdenum associated with pancreatic cancer in an American cohort.","authors":"Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, David Jin, Wen-Yi Huang, John Brockman","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae165","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae165","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposures to elements such as cadmium might be contributing to the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer. Few prospective studies have examined the association between trace elements and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a nested case-control study in participants aged 55-74 years at baseline from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort to examine the association between 12 trace elements measured in prediagnostic whole-blood samples and PDAC. From May 1998 through December 2014, 318 incident PDAC cases were identified during follow-up to 16.7 years. Of 636 control participants, 2 who were alive when each case patient was diagnosed were selected and matched by age (±5 years), sex, calendar date of blood sample collection (2-month blocks), and race and ethnic group. We used multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Cadmium and molybdenum were associated with PDAC (highest compared with lowest quintile: for cadmium, OR = 1.81 [95% CI, 01.12-2.95], P = .03 for trend; for molybdenum, OR = 0.50 [95% CI, 0.32-0.80], P = .02 for trend). The inverse molybdenum association was only observed among ever smokers (OR = 0.31 [95% CI, 0.17-0.58]; P = .003 for trend, P = .03 for interaction) with no association in never smokers. Lead, arsenic, and other trace elements were not associated with PDAC. Our results support that an increasing prediagnostic whole-blood level of cadmium is associated with increased PDAS risk, whereas that for molybdenum reduces PDAC risk.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1275-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0