American journal of epidemiology最新文献

The authors reply. 作者回复。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae097

Ashley I Naimi, Brian W Whitcomb

引用次数: 0

Assessing trends in internalizing symptoms among racialized and minoritized adolescents: results from the Monitoring the Future Study 2005-2020. 评估种族化和少数民族青少年内化症状的趋势：2005-2020 年监测未来调查的结果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae024

Navdep Kaur, Paris B Adkins-Jackson, Victoria Joseph, Mia N Campbell, Katherine M Keyes

{"title":"Assessing trends in internalizing symptoms among racialized and minoritized adolescents: results from the Monitoring the Future Study 2005-2020.","authors":"Navdep Kaur, Paris B Adkins-Jackson, Victoria Joseph, Mia N Campbell, Katherine M Keyes","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae024","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of depressive symptoms has rapidly accelerated among recent US adolescent birth cohorts, yet there remains little understanding of trends among racialized and minoritized groups. These groups may experience depressive symptoms due to the deleterious effects of structural racism. Using 2005-2020 Monitoring the Future survey data, we examine all racialized groups using within-group analyses to observe trends in high levels of depressive symptoms across cohorts. Generally, across racialized groups and ages, the odds of high depressive symptoms increased in recent birth cohorts. For example, among 15- to 16-year-old students racialized as American Indian or Alaska Native and Black Hispanic/Latine, the 2003-2006 birth cohort had 3.08 (95% CI, 2.00-4.76) and 6.95 (95% CI, 2.70-17.88) times' higher odds, respectively, of high depressive symptoms as compared with the 1987-1990 birth cohorts. Moreover, in a given year, 15- to 16-year-olds generally experienced the highest depressive symptoms compared with 13- to 14-year-olds and 17- to 18-year-olds, suggesting that age effects peaked during midadolescence. Depressive symptoms increased among US adolescents by birth cohort, within all racialized and minoritized groups assessed. Public health efforts to reduce disparities may consider barriers such as structural racism that may impact the mental health of racialized/minoritized adolescents while increasing access to culturally competent mental health providers and school-based services. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving nutrition science begins with asking better questions. 改进营养科学首先要提出更好的问题。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae110

Dalia Stern, Daniel B Ibsen, Conor James MacDonald, Yu-Han Chiu, Martin Lajous, Deirdre K Tobias

{"title":"Improving nutrition science begins with asking better questions.","authors":"Dalia Stern, Daniel B Ibsen, Conor James MacDonald, Yu-Han Chiu, Martin Lajous, Deirdre K Tobias","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae110","url":null,"abstract":"A priority of nutrition science is to identify dietary determinants of health and disease to inform effective public health policies, guidelines, and clinical interventions. Yet, conflicting findings in synthesizing evidence from randomized trials and observational studies have contributed to confusion and uncertainty. Often, heterogeneity can be explained by the fact that seemingly similar bodies of evidence are asking very different questions. Improving the alignment within and between research domains begins with investigators clearly defining their diet and disease questions; however, nutritional exposures are complex and often require a greater degree of specificity. First, dietary data are compositional, meaning a change in a food may imply a compensatory change of other foods. Second, dietary data are multidimensional; that is, the primary components (ie, foods) comprise subcomponents (eg, nutrients), and subcomponents can be present in multiple primary components. Third, because diet is a lifelong exposure, the composition of a study population's background diet has implications for the interpretation of the exposure and the transportability of effect estimates. Collectively clarifying these key aspects of inherently complex dietary exposures when conducting research will facilitate appropriate evidence synthesis, improve certainty of evidence, and improve the ability of these efforts to inform policy and decision-making.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The end of court-ordered desegregation and US children's health: quasi-experimental evidence. 法院下令取消种族隔离的终结与美国儿童的健康：准实验证据。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae082

Guangyi Wang, Justin S White, Rita Hamad

{"title":"The end of court-ordered desegregation and US children's health: quasi-experimental evidence.","authors":"Guangyi Wang, Justin S White, Rita Hamad","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae082","url":null,"abstract":"School racial segregation significantly affects racial disparities in US children's health. Recently, school segregation has been increasing, partially due to Supreme Court decisions since 1991 that have made it easier for school districts to be released from court-ordered desegregation. We investigated the association of the end of court-ordered desegregation with child health, using the 1997-2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (n = 8182 Black children; n = 16 930 White children). We exploited quasi-random variation in the timing of school districts' releases from court orders to estimate effects on general health, body weight, mental health, and asthma, using difference-in-differences and event-study methods (including traditional and heterogeneity-robust estimators). Heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences analyses show that release was associated with increased school segregation, improved mental health among Black children, and better self-reported health among White children. For heterogeneity-robust event-study analyses, school segregation increased steadily over time after release, with worse self-reported health and higher risk of asthma episodes among Black children aged 18 years or older after release. Black children's mental health temporarily improved in the short term. In contrast, White children had improved self-reported health, mental health, and risk of asthma episodes in some years. Interventions to address the harms of school segregation are important for reducing racial health inequities.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antidepressant drugs and risk of developing glioma: a national registry-based case-control study and a meta-analysis. 抗抑郁药物与罹患胶质瘤的风险：一项基于国家登记处的病例对照研究和一项荟萃分析。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae100

Charlotte Malmberg, Barbro Numan Hellquist, Sajna Anand Sadanandan, Maria Sandström, Wendy Yi-Ying Wu, Benny Björkblom, Beatrice Melin, Rickard L Sjöberg

{"title":"Antidepressant drugs and risk of developing glioma: a national registry-based case-control study and a meta-analysis.","authors":"Charlotte Malmberg, Barbro Numan Hellquist, Sajna Anand Sadanandan, Maria Sandström, Wendy Yi-Ying Wu, Benny Björkblom, Beatrice Melin, Rickard L Sjöberg","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae100","url":null,"abstract":"Whether use of antidepressants is related to the risk of developing lower-grade (WHO grades 2-3) and higher-grade (WHO grade 4) glioma was investigated in this study. A registry-based case-control study was performed with 1283 glioma case patients and 6400 age-, sex-, and geographically matched control participants who were diagnosed in Sweden during 2009-2013. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or non-SSRIs were associated with the risk of developing lower- or higher-grade glioma in the study population. Our results show that use of antidepressant medication was not associated with the risk of developing glioma. We also performed a meta-analysis in which the data set from the present study was combined with results from 2 previous epidemiologic studies to answer the same questions. The meta-analysis showed a modest risk reduction of developing glioma in relation to antidepressant treatment (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97) when all glioma subgroups and all forms of antidepressant medications were combined. In conclusion, it remains possible that antidepressants may have common monoaminergic mechanism(s) that reduce the risk of developing glioma.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: a new look at the AJE Classroom. AJE 课堂新面貌。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae089

Enrique F Schisterman, Brian W Whitcomb, Ashley I Niami

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: it's not all about residual confounding-a plea for quantitative bias analysis for epidemiologic researchers and educators. 不全是残余混杂：流行病学研究人员和教育工作者的 QBA 呼吁。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae075

Matthew P Fox, Nedghie Adrien, Maarten van Smeden, Elizabeth Suarez

{"title":"Invited commentary: it's not all about residual confounding-a plea for quantitative bias analysis for epidemiologic researchers and educators.","authors":"Matthew P Fox, Nedghie Adrien, Maarten van Smeden, Elizabeth Suarez","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae075","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiologists spend a great deal of time on confounding in our teaching, in our methods development, and in our assessment of study results. This may give the impression that uncontrolled confounding is the biggest problem observational epidemiology faces, when in fact, other sources of bias such as selection bias, measurement error, missing data, and misalignment of zero time may often (especially if they are all present in a single study) lead to a stronger deviation from the truth. Compared with the amount of time we spend teaching how to address confounding in data analysis, we spend relatively little time teaching methods for simulating confounding (and other sources of bias) to learn their impact and develop plans to mitigate or quantify the bias. Here we review the accompanying paper by Desai et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(11):1600-1608), which uses simulation methods to quantify the impact of an unmeasured confounder when it is completely missing or when a proxy of the confounder is measured. We discuss how we can use simulations of sources of bias to ensure that we generate better and more valid study estimates, and we discuss the importance of simulating realistic datasets with plausible bias structures to guide data collection. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A simulation-based bias analysis to assess the impact of unmeasured confounding when designing nonrandomized database studies. 基于模拟的偏差分析，用于评估设计非随机数据库研究时未测量混杂因素的影响。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae102

Rishi J Desai, Marie C Bradley, Hana Lee, Efe Eworuke, Janick Weberpals, Richard Wyss, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert Ball

{"title":"A simulation-based bias analysis to assess the impact of unmeasured confounding when designing nonrandomized database studies.","authors":"Rishi J Desai, Marie C Bradley, Hana Lee, Efe Eworuke, Janick Weberpals, Richard Wyss, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert Ball","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae102","url":null,"abstract":"Unmeasured confounding is often raised as a source of potential bias during the design of nonrandomized studies, but quantifying such concerns is challenging. We developed a simulation-based approach to assess the potential impact of unmeasured confounding during the study design stage. The approach involved generation of hypothetical individual-level cohorts using realistic parameters, including a binary treatment (prevalence 25%), a time-to-event outcome (incidence 5%), 13 measured covariates, a binary unmeasured confounder (u1; 10%), and a binary measured \"proxy\" variable (p1) correlated with u1. Strengths of unmeasured confounding and correlations between u1 and p1 were varied in simulation scenarios. Treatment effects were estimated with (1) no adjustment, (2) adjustment for measured confounders (level 1), and (3) adjustment for measured confounders and their proxy (level 2). We computed absolute standardized mean differences in u1 and p1 and relative bias with each level of adjustment. Across all scenarios, level 2 adjustment led to improvement in the balance of u1, but this improvement was highly dependent on the correlation between u1 and p1. Level 2 adjustments also had lower relative bias than level 1 adjustments (in strong u1 scenarios: relative bias of 9.2%, 12.2%, and 13.5% at correlations of 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3, respectively, vs 16.4%, 15.8%, and 15.0% for level 1). An approach using simulated individual-level data is useful to explicitly convey the potential for bias due to unmeasured confounding while designing nonrandomized studies, and can be helpful in informing design choices. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re: "Defining and identifying local average treatment effects". RE: "定义和识别地方平均治疗效果"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae096

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

引用次数: 0

Daily heat and mortality among people experiencing homelessness in 2 urban US counties, 2015-2022. 2015-2022 年美国 2 个城市郡无家可归者的日热量和死亡率。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae084

Zihan Lin, Emma Weinberger, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Melissa Chinchilla, Gregory A Wellenius, Jonathan Jay

{"title":"Daily heat and mortality among people experiencing homelessness in 2 urban US counties, 2015-2022.","authors":"Zihan Lin, Emma Weinberger, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Melissa Chinchilla, Gregory A Wellenius, Jonathan Jay","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae084","url":null,"abstract":"High and low daily ambient temperatures are associated with higher mortality in the general population. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are thought to be particularly vulnerable, but there is almost no direct evidence available. We examined the temperature-mortality association among PEH in 2 populous, urban counties in hot-climate regions of the United States, focusing on heat effects. Study setting was Los Angeles County, CA, and Clark County, NV, which encompass the cities of Los Angeles and Las Vegas, respectively. Outcomes were 2015-2022 deaths among decedents categorized as homeless in county administrative records. We used quasi-Poisson distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the association of mortality with daily temperatures and with 7-day lagged temperatures, adjusting for day of week, seasonality, and long-term trends. We estimated the minimum mortality temperature and fraction of mortality attributable to temperatures above and below minimum mortality temperature. The association between daily temperature and PEH mortality was skewed towards greater risk at higher temperatures, especially in Clark County. Temperature-attributable mortality equaled 50.1% of deaths in Clark County (95% CI, 29.0-62.8) and 7.0% in Los Angeles County (95% CI, 1.4-12.1). In both counties, most temperature-attributable deaths were attributable to heat rather than cold. In these hot-climate urban counties, our estimates of heat-attributable mortality among PEH were orders of magnitude greater than those reported in prior research on the general population. These results indicate that temperature vulnerability, particularly heat vulnerability, requires stronger public health and policy responses. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0