American journal of epidemiology最新文献

Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on the distribution of later-life memory score levels and decline: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment. 越战时期退伍军人资格对晚年记忆分数水平分布和下降的影响：来自越战抽签自然实验的证据。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag097

Aayush Khadka, Lucia Pacca, Jillian Hebert, Justin S White, Rita Hamad, Willa D Brenowitz, M Maria Glymour, Anusha M Vable

{"title":"Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on the distribution of later-life memory score levels and decline: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.","authors":"Aayush Khadka, Lucia Pacca, Jillian Hebert, Justin S White, Rita Hamad, Willa D Brenowitz, M Maria Glymour, Anusha M Vable","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag097","url":null,"abstract":"We estimated the distributional impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility, a federal policy that subsidized education, impacting approximately 6 million veterans, on later-life memory levels and rate of age-related decline. We used Health and Retirement Study data (1998-2018) for men born 1947-1953 with at least one outcome assessment (n = 2337;15 433 person-waves). We proxied Bill eligibility using draft eligibility based on birthdate and self-reported veteran status. We used an algorithmic measure of memory as the outcome. We fit intention-to-treat and instrumental variables models at the mean and different outcome quantiles. We assessed effect modification using a childhood socioeconomic status index and self-reported race and ethnicity. Although imprecise, results are consistent with eligibility increasing memory levels but accelerating age-related decline, especially at lower quantiles. The magnitude of estimated effects were especially pronounced for men from low childhood socioeconomic backgrounds and Black men. For White men, eligibility was associated with uniformly accelerated decline across the distribution. Overall, our results paint a complex picture: eligibility may have improved overall memory score levels but also may have slightly increased the rate of age-related decline, especially among those with worse memory function. Further research is necessary to investigate the mechanisms by which such policies impact later-life memory.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of safety advisories on the prescribing of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives in the United Kingdom: an interrupted time series analysis. 安全咨询对处方含螺环酮口服避孕药在英国的影响：中断时间序列分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf180

Reem Masarwa, Samuel Igweokpala, Pauline Reynier, Robert W Platt, Kristian B Filion

引用次数: 0

(Re-)match: adjusting for matching factors in case-control studies may be unnecessary or insufficient. （再）匹配：在病例对照研究中调整匹配因素可能是不必要的或不充分的。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf116

Maria E Kamenetsky, Alexander P Keil

引用次数: 0

An adaptive method of emergency department syndromic surveillance to nowcast the frequency of presentations that will have a severe 28-day outcome following influenza or COVID-19 infection: a retrospective analytical record linkage study. 一种适应性的急诊科综合征监测方法，以预测流感或COVID-19感染后28天内将产生严重后果的出现频率：一项回顾性分析记录关联研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag028

David J Muscatello, Nectarios Rose, Kishor Kumar Paul, Alexandra B Hogan, Amalie Dyda, Michael M Dinh, Jen Kok, Sandra Ware, Adam T Craig, James G Wood

{"title":"An adaptive method of emergency department syndromic surveillance to nowcast the frequency of presentations that will have a severe 28-day outcome following influenza or COVID-19 infection: a retrospective analytical record linkage study.","authors":"David J Muscatello, Nectarios Rose, Kishor Kumar Paul, Alexandra B Hogan, Amalie Dyda, Michael M Dinh, Jen Kok, Sandra Ware, Adam T Craig, James G Wood","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag028","url":null,"abstract":"During epidemics, emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance of patient arrivals provides timely but nonvirus-specific assessment of epidemic intensity. Surveillance of severe infection outcomes (intensive care admission or death) is less timely because outcomes can take weeks to occur. Time series models can be used to estimate the frequency of severe infection outcomes due to viruses. We developed and evaluated daily time series modeling applied to linked ED, infection, and outcomes data from Australia to better predict population and health system burden during acute respiratory virus epidemics. In retrospective daily surveillance emulation, generalized additive models nowcasted (short-term forecast) the frequency of ED arrivals attributable to each of influenza and COVID-19 that will have a severe infection outcome within 28 days. Daily nowcasts spanned days -29 to -4 from each date for which surveillance was emulated. To validate the method, nowcasts were compared with subsequently observed severe infection outcome frequencies for December 2021 through February 2023. During this period, the mean daily day-4 nowcast error was 2.7 (34.2%), compared with 3.5 (43.8%) if outcomes known at day-1 were used. With increasing real-world data availability, this method could improve rapid, automated epidemic assessment for timely public health action.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1379-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13148989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of nonfatal overdose surveillance data with concurrent and future overdose deaths in Rhode Island. 罗德岛州非致命性药物过量监测数据与并发和未来药物过量死亡的关联

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag018

Alexandra Skinner, Yu Li, Benjamin D Hallowell, Claire Pratty, William C Goedel, Bennett Allen, John C Halifax, Alexandria Macmadu, Jennifer Ahern, Magdalena Cerdá, Brandon D L Marshall

{"title":"Association of nonfatal overdose surveillance data with concurrent and future overdose deaths in Rhode Island.","authors":"Alexandra Skinner, Yu Li, Benjamin D Hallowell, Claire Pratty, William C Goedel, Bennett Allen, John C Halifax, Alexandria Macmadu, Jennifer Ahern, Magdalena Cerdá, Brandon D L Marshall","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag018","url":null,"abstract":"Given substantial reporting delays in overdose deaths, state health departments increasingly use nonfatal overdose data to inform geographically targeted rapid overdose response efforts. We evaluated the extent to which nonfatal overdose events were associated with concurrent and future overdose deaths in Rhode Island. We aggregated nonfatal overdose data from emergency medical services records (2019-2023) and fatal overdose data from the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (2020-2023) in 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals at census block group and census tract levels. Rates of fatal overdose were estimated, relative to nonfatal overdose lagged by 0-12 months, using negative binomial regression, and relative to monthly spikes in nonfatal overdose burden, using zero-inflated Poisson regression. Estimation was implemented using integrated nested Laplace approximation. Each additional nonfatal overdose event per census block group was associated with fatal overdose rates that were 48% higher (95% credible interval, 1.37-1.59) than expected in concurrent months, with smaller associations at the census tract level, in wider time intervals, and when nonfatal overdose data were lagged. Spikes in nonfatal overdose activity were associated with elevated overdose mortality in concurrent periods with fine temporal and geographic granularity, but not in longer time frames and larger geographic areas.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":"195 5","pages":"1475-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural tube defect risk in relation to opioid analgesic exposure during early pregnancy. 妊娠早期阿片类镇痛药物暴露与神经管缺损风险的关系。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf079

Denise M Boudreau, Gaia Pocobelli, Jennifer F Bobb, Craig Cheetham, Sascha Dublin, Susan E Andrade, Ladia Albertson-Junkans, Marie R Griffin, De-Kun Li, Marsha A Raebel, Rulin C Hechter, Pamala A Pawloski, Sengwee Toh, Wei Hua, Rita Ouellet-Hellstrom, Pamela Horn, Miriam Dinatale, Carrie Ceresa, Mat Soukup, Yong Ma, James P Trinidad

{"title":"Neural tube defect risk in relation to opioid analgesic exposure during early pregnancy.","authors":"Denise M Boudreau, Gaia Pocobelli, Jennifer F Bobb, Craig Cheetham, Sascha Dublin, Susan E Andrade, Ladia Albertson-Junkans, Marie R Griffin, De-Kun Li, Marsha A Raebel, Rulin C Hechter, Pamala A Pawloski, Sengwee Toh, Wei Hua, Rita Ouellet-Hellstrom, Pamela Horn, Miriam Dinatale, Carrie Ceresa, Mat Soukup, Yong Ma, James P Trinidad","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf079","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated neural tube defect (NTD) risk associated with prescription opioid analgesic use during early pregnancy. We conducted a cohort study of liveborn singletons during 2001-2014 among 9 U.S. health plans. Risks of medical chart-confirmed primary NTD (anencephaly and select spina bifida) and any NTD (primary and other NTD) were compared among singletons with maternal new use of opioids during 18-56 days after last menstrual period to those with no maternal use during this period or pre-pregnancy. In a sensitivity analysis, singletons exposed during the second or third trimesters only (\"negative control exposure\") were compared to those never exposed. The main analysis adjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with exposure was 3.0 (95% CI, 0.7-12.7) for primary NTD and 2.3 (95% CI, 0.8-6.7) for any NTD. The sensitivity analysis ORs were similar 2.4 and 1.6, respectively. Our results do not support or refute the hypothesis that prescription opioid analgesic exposure in early pregnancy increases risk of NTD. Although ORs were increased in the main analysis, the sensitivity analysis suggested the presence of residual confounding. Future studies that are sufficiently powered and adjust for confounders beyond those in the present study are warranted but likely challenging.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1242-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune-selection stability is a neglected property of the causal risk ratio. 免疫选择稳定性是因果风险比中一个被忽视的特性。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf086

Marco Piccininni, Mats J Stensrud

引用次数: 0

Mediation of chronic pain and disability on opioid use disorder risk by pain management practices among adult Medicaid patients, 2016-2019. 2016-2019年成人医疗补助患者疼痛管理实践对阿片类药物使用障碍风险的调节作用

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf093

Kara E Rudolph, Shodai Inose, Nicholas T Williams, Katherine L Hoffman, Sarah E Forrest, Rachael K Ross, Floriana Milazzo, Iván Díaz, Lisa Doan, Hillary Samples, Mark Olfson, Stephen Crystal, Magdalena Cerdá, Y Nina Gao

{"title":"Mediation of chronic pain and disability on opioid use disorder risk by pain management practices among adult Medicaid patients, 2016-2019.","authors":"Kara E Rudolph, Shodai Inose, Nicholas T Williams, Katherine L Hoffman, Sarah E Forrest, Rachael K Ross, Floriana Milazzo, Iván Díaz, Lisa Doan, Hillary Samples, Mark Olfson, Stephen Crystal, Magdalena Cerdá, Y Nina Gao","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf093","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf093","url":null,"abstract":"We estimated the extent to which different pain management practices, considered together as well as individually, mediated the relationship between chronic pain or physical disability and new-onset opioid use disorder (OUD) in a large cohort of adult Medicaid patients. Considering the plausibility of the assumptions required to identify different mediational estimands, we estimated natural indirect effects when considering mediation through the group of mediators together and estimated interventional indirect effects when considering mediation through each pain management practice individually. We estimated each effect using a nonparametric one-step estimator. The pain management variables we examined mediated all of the total effect of chronic pain on OUD risk and nearly half of the total effect of physical disability on OUD risk. High-dose, long-duration opioid prescribing and co-prescription of opioids with benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, and muscle relaxants each contributed substantially to the increased risk of OUD due to chronic pain (contributing to 10-37% of the overall effect) and more moderately to the increased risk of OUD due to physical disability (contributing to 3-19% of the overall effect). Antidepressant or anti-inflammatory prescribing and physical therapy generally did not contribute to increased OUD risk, and, in some cases, even contributed to small reductions in risk.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1447-1457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of causal inference methods in case-control studies: a methodology review. 病例对照研究中因果推理方法的应用：方法学综述。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf182

Miceline Mésidor, Mengting Xu, Awa Diop, Canisius Fantodji, Marie-Élise Parent, Alexander Keil

{"title":"Use of causal inference methods in case-control studies: a methodology review.","authors":"Miceline Mésidor, Mengting Xu, Awa Diop, Canisius Fantodji, Marie-Élise Parent, Alexander Keil","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf182","url":null,"abstract":"The use of causal inference methods in cohort studies has increased considerably in recent years. However, their use has been limited in case-control studies. This report aimed at providing a detailed review of causal inference methods used in case-control studies and to review and examine their applications in previous studies. Several methods have been used to facilitate causal inference in case-control studies, including intercept-adjustment, propensity scores, and weight-based and doubly robust estimators. We used the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online database to identify original peer-reviewed case-control studies conducted from March 2014 to March 2024 that applied these methods. We identified 418 studies, 23 of which met the inclusion criteria. Most studies involved case-control matching (individual or frequency) and included incident cases. The covariate-conditional odds ratio was the most frequently reported estimated parameter. Sixty-five percent of included studies considered an adjustment for sampling bias, most often using inverse-probability of observation weighting and case-control targeted maximum likelihood approaches. We are still in the early stages of development and application of causal inference methods for case-control studies. Their implementation and new techniques to address time-varying confounding can improve the validity of study findings and should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1438-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Firearm control regulations and firearm-related mortality: a cross-national ecological study. 枪支管制条例和枪支相关死亡率：一项跨国生态学研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf141

Siddhesh Zadey, Leah E Roberts, Brady Bushover, Adam M Whalen, Christina A Mehranbod, Stan Chihuri, Evan L Eschliman, Christopher N Morrison

引用次数: 0