American journal of epidemiology最新文献

Correction to: How to identify the healthy worker survivor effect empirically and how to interpret results from published studies: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ethylene oxide cohort as a case study. 更正：如何从经验上确定健康工人幸存者效应以及如何解释已发表研究的结果：国家职业安全与健康研究所环氧乙烷队列作为案例研究。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag202

引用次数: 0

Doubly Robust Methods for Recurrent Event Outcomes: Causal Effects of Blood Pressure Medications on Acute Kidney Injuries. 复发事件结局的双重可靠方法：降压药物对急性肾损伤的因果影响。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag214

Wenling Hang, Cecilia A Cotton, Lan Wen

引用次数: 0

Changes in COVID-19-related death certification practices and quality of cause-of-death reporting in the United States from 2020 to 2023. 2020年至2023年美国与covid -19相关的死亡证明做法和死因报告质量的变化

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag215

Shu-Yu Tai, Yu-Wen Chien, Ichiro Kawachi, Tsung-Hsueh Lu

{"title":"Changes in COVID-19-related death certification practices and quality of cause-of-death reporting in the United States from 2020 to 2023.","authors":"Shu-Yu Tai, Yu-Wen Chien, Ichiro Kawachi, Tsung-Hsueh Lu","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag215","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined changes in COVID-19-related death certification practices (ie, reporting COVID-19 in Part I of the death certificate) and the quality of cause-of-death (COD) reporting (acceptable and rejected causal sequences) in the United States from 2020 to 2023. In 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, 385 293, 463 273, 246 196, and 76 024 death certificates, respectively, mentioned COVID-19. COVID-19 was selected as the underlying COD in 91%, 90%, 76%, and 65% of these certificates, corresponding to reporting COVID-19 in Part I in 93%, 91%, 78%, and 67% of certificates, respectively. Acceptable causal sequences were reported in 51%, 51%, 45%, and 41% of certificates, whereas rejected causal sequences were reported in 21%, 22%, 23%, and 23%, respectively. Using 2020 as the reference year, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 2023 were 0.18 (0.18, 0.18) for reporting COVID-19 in Part I, 0.77 (0.76, 0.78) for reporting acceptable causal sequences, and 1.14 (1.12, 1.16) for reporting rejected causal sequences. In conclusion, COVID-19-related death certification practices changed substantially over the study period, paralleling the decline in the virulence of SARS-CoV-2. The quality of COVID-19-related COD reporting declined modestly from 2020 to 2023.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Sampling for computational efficiency when conducting analyses in big data. 修正：在进行大数据分析时为提高计算效率而进行抽样。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag152

引用次数: 0

Changes in PM2.5 exposure due to residential relocation and mortality among United States Veterans. 美国退伍军人住宅搬迁和死亡率对PM2.5暴露的影响。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag130

Andrea R Titus, Tarik Benmarhnia, Rania Kanchi, Byoungjun Kim, Rosana Aguilera, Jay Pendse, José O Aléman, Lorna E Thorpe

{"title":"Changes in PM2.5 exposure due to residential relocation and mortality among United States Veterans.","authors":"Andrea R Titus, Tarik Benmarhnia, Rania Kanchi, Byoungjun Kim, Rosana Aguilera, Jay Pendse, José O Aléman, Lorna E Thorpe","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag130","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution remains a leading cause of mortality. Few studies have leveraged residential relocation to examine impacts of intraindividual changes in PM2.5 exposure. As the largest integrated health system in the United States, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) is an ideal setting to examine relocation-induced changes in air pollution. We constructed a cohort of veterans who relocated from one ZIP code to another between 2011 and 2017 (N = 762 905). We linked spatially averaged annual PM2.5 estimates to each person based on residential address. We examined relocation-induced PM2.5 changes and post-move mortality in discrete-time models, accounting for individual-level and area-level confounding variables. We estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) over 5 years of follow-up and examined effect-measure modification by age (<65, 65+), sex, and neighborhood-level poverty. The pooled OR associated with a 2 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels between the origin and destination areas was 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01-1.03). Associations appeared more pronounced among older individuals when assessing potential additive effect-measure modification. Examining intraindividual changes in PM2.5 exposure and subsequent health outcomes can elucidate potential impacts of air pollution and pollution-reduction policies. Results suggest survival benefits from policies that further reduce PM2.5 levels.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2347-2354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical gestational windows of heat exposure associated with preterm birth: a nationwide observational study. 热暴露与早产相关的关键妊娠期窗：一项全国性的观察性研究。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag070

Shuhei Terada, Hisaaki Nishimura, Naoyuki Miyasaka, Nobutoshi Nawa, Takeo Fujiwara

{"title":"Critical gestational windows of heat exposure associated with preterm birth: a nationwide observational study.","authors":"Shuhei Terada, Hisaaki Nishimura, Naoyuki Miyasaka, Nobutoshi Nawa, Takeo Fujiwara","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag070","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence links high ambient temperature to an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), yet the critical gestational windows of heat exposure remain unclear. We analyzed data from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network (2016-2020), including 986 207 singleton live births. Weekly heat exposure was defined using the prefecture-specific annual 90th percentile of weekly mean temperature, with analyses restricted to May-September. Logistic regression models were fitted for each gestational week from -12 to 35, adjusting for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking status, history of PTB, the weekly moving average of relative humidity, and month and year of conception. Critical windows were identified using Bayesian hierarchical modeling with smoothing and variable selection. Heat exposure was associated with increased PTB risk during gestational weeks 16-22, peaking at week 19 (odds ratio: 1.16; 95% credible interval: 1.13-1.19). Subtype analyses indicated peak susceptibility at week 16 for extremely preterm (<28 weeks), week 18 for very preterm (28-31 weeks), and week 19 for moderate-to-late preterm (32-36 weeks) births. Modest inverse associations were observed in early gestation. These results indicate that the second trimester, particularly gestational weeks 16-22, may represent a critical window for heat-related PTB, underscoring the importance of targeted preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2364-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cumulative environmental burden and neurodegenerative disease mortality: a national ecological study in the United States. 累积环境负担和神经退行性疾病死亡率：美国的一项国家生态研究。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag114

Guoli Ma, Yu Shi, Junlan Qiu, Chao Ren, Konglan Shao, Xiaochen Shu

{"title":"Cumulative environmental burden and neurodegenerative disease mortality: a national ecological study in the United States.","authors":"Guoli Ma, Yu Shi, Junlan Qiu, Chao Ren, Konglan Shao, Xiaochen Shu","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag114","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a growing cause of mortality and disability among aging populations worldwide. However, the relationship between cumulative, multidomain environmental exposures, and NDD mortality remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to examine the association between comprehensive environmental quality and NDD mortality in the United States. We used the environmental quality index (EQI) from 2000 to 2005 to characterize cumulative environmental exposure. Associations between EQI quintiles and NDD mortality, including dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, were examined using Bayesian interval-censored mixed-effects models. During 2006-2020, among 3.66 million NDD deaths, poorer environmental quality (Q5 vs Q1) was associated with mortality rate differences of 24.72 (95% credible intervals [CrI]: 22.43, 27.06) per 100 000 at 5-year lag, 26.74 (95% CrI: 24.34, 29.21) at 10-year lag, and 22.74 (95% CrI: 20.49, 25.13) at 15-year lag. Within each lag period, a clear dose-response pattern was consistently observed across EQI quintiles. Furthermore, associations were most pronounced for the air quality, followed by sociodemographic disadvantage. In addition, demographic and geographic heterogeneity was observed across sex, race, census regions, urbanicity, climate zone, and county economic type. These findings underscore the need for integrated, place-based environmental health policies targeting neurodegeneration prevention.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2440-2449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: quantitative bias analysis for time-to-event data needs good validation data. 时间事件数据的定量偏倚分析需要良好的验证数据。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag104

Matthew P Fox, Richard MacLehose

{"title":"Invited commentary: quantitative bias analysis for time-to-event data needs good validation data.","authors":"Matthew P Fox, Richard MacLehose","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag104","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative bias analysis offers an approach to estimating and adjusting for the impact of residual systematic error, yet to date, most methods have focused on binary outcomes, leaving methods for time-to-event outcomes underdeveloped. Misclassification in time-to-event analyses is challenging because both the events and person-time may contain errors, which requires additional bias parameters. Recent work by Ackerman et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 0000;000(00):0000-0000) illustrates how methods for addressing misclassification of person-time outcomes can be used even when validation data are limited by using expert-informed ranges and simulation to define bias parameters. Although such approaches are better than qualitative assessments, they remain limited by lack of validation data, particularly data capturing person-time measurement error. Improving quantitative bias analysis will require emphasis on designing, conducting, and publishing validation studies that can generate generalizable estimates of misclassification parameters. It also requires methodological innovation and accessible software for person-time-based outcomes, including extensions of regression calibration and risk-based adjustment. Expanding quantitative bias analysis methods for time-to-event analyses will improve the validity, transparency, and interpretability of epidemiologic research and help ensure quantitative bias analysis becomes a routine component of study design and analysis.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2484-2486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time trends in susceptibility to scams in community-dwelling older adults. 社区居住老年人对诈骗易感性的时间趋势。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag168

Lei Yu, Lianlian Du, Tianhao Wang, Gary Mottola, Christopher C Stewart, Peter A Lichtenberg, Francine Grodstein, David A Bennett, Patricia A Boyle

{"title":"Time trends in susceptibility to scams in community-dwelling older adults.","authors":"Lei Yu, Lianlian Du, Tianhao Wang, Gary Mottola, Christopher C Stewart, Peter A Lichtenberg, Francine Grodstein, David A Bennett, Patricia A Boyle","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag168","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag168","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the time trends of susceptibility to scams across 4 birth cohorts in the United States that span between 1925 and 1944. Data came from community-dwelling older adults without dementia participating in an epidemiologic cohort study of aging and dementia. A 5-item instrument for scam susceptibility assessed participants' scam-related behaviors and perceptions, such as how they manage phone calls from telemarketers, and whether they agree with claims that are unrealistically good. To capture time trends, age- and education-standardized mean scam susceptibility score was computed for each birth cohort and compared across the cohorts. Of the 1037 participants included, 280 were born between 1925 and 1929, 248 between 1930 and 1934, 279 between 1935 and 1939, and 230 between 1940 and 1944. The mean scam susceptibility scores trended downward monotonically from the earliest to the most recent cohorts. The results are robust to age distributions, analytic approaches, or cognitive impairment status. In conclusion, older adults of more recent birth cohorts report fewer behaviors linked to scam susceptibility. This study suggests that scam susceptibility appears to be a function not only of individual-level factors but also reflective of shared life experiences. More broadly, scam susceptibility is amenable to interventions effective at the population level.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2327-2333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

List randomization for prevalence estimation of sensitive behavioral data among women with HIV of reproductive age in Lilongwe, Malawi. 马拉维利隆圭育龄艾滋病毒感染妇女敏感行为数据流行率估计随机化清单。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag091

Karen Diepstra, Daniel Westreich, Paul N Zivich, John Chapola, Clara Lemani, Agatha Bula, Chalimba Lusewa, Jennifer H Tang

{"title":"List randomization for prevalence estimation of sensitive behavioral data among women with HIV of reproductive age in Lilongwe, Malawi.","authors":"Karen Diepstra, Daniel Westreich, Paul N Zivich, John Chapola, Clara Lemani, Agatha Bula, Chalimba Lusewa, Jennifer H Tang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag091","url":null,"abstract":"Self-reported data are subject to reporting biases, including social desirability bias. List randomization is one method that can help mitigate the impact of such biases. Here, we examined the utility of list randomization among women of reproductive age living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Family Planning and Antiretroviral Therapy study, participants were randomized to answer 5 blocks of true/false statements via either direct or list response. Each block contained 3 nonsensitive statements and 1 sensitive statement related to either condom use or HIV disclosure. For each sensitive statement, we calculated the prevalence difference (PD) comparing list response to direct response overall and stratified by socioeconomic status. The PD for 4 of the sensitive statements was negligible. However, we found that self-report of always using a condom was reported by 53.1% at list response visits vs 34.7% at direct response visits (PD, 18.5%; 95% CI, 6.2%-30.7%), a difference that was attenuated among those with higher socioeconomic status. In this setting, list randomization did not meaningfully change the estimated prevalence for most questions, except for one question, which unexpectedly produced a higher estimate for a positive behavior. Examining this method in other settings and populations is warranted.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2408-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13160244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0