American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第2页

Understanding inequitable healthcare: Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae454

Theresa E Matson, Sandro Galea

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in male twins with discordant cardiorespiratory fitness: a nationwide cohort study".

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae311

Marcel Ballin, Anna Nordström, Peter Nordström

引用次数: 0

Towards Robust Causal Inference in Epidemiological Research: Employing Double Cross-fit TMLE in Right Heart Catheterization Data. 在流行病学研究中实现可靠的因果推断：在右心导管检查数据中采用双交叉法 TMLE。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae447

Momenul Haque Mondol, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim

{"title":"Towards Robust Causal Inference in Epidemiological Research: Employing Double Cross-fit TMLE in Right Heart Catheterization Data.","authors":"Momenul Haque Mondol, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae447","url":null,"abstract":"Within epidemiological research, estimating treatment effects from observational data presents notable challenges. Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) emerges as a robust method, addressing these challenges by accurately modeling treatment effects. This approach uniquely combines the precision of correctly specified models with the versatility of data-adaptive, flexible machine learning algorithms. Despite its effectiveness, TMLE's integration of complex algorithms can introduce bias and under-coverage. This issue is addressed through the Double Cross-fit TMLE (DC-TMLE) approach, enhancing accuracy and reducing biases inherent in observational studies. However, DC-TMLE's potential remains underexplored in epidemiological research, primarily due to the lack of comprehensive methodological guidance and the complexity of its computational implementation. Recognizing this gap, our paper contributes a detailed, reproducible guide for implementing DC-TMLE in R, aimed specifically at epidemiological applications. We demonstrate the utility of this method using an openly available clinical dataset, underscoring its relevance and adaptability for robust epidemiological analysis. This guide aims to facilitate broader adoption of DC-TMLE in epidemiological studies, promoting more accurate and reliable treatment effect estimations in observational research.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition Typology and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae451

Meera Sangaramoorthy, Yuqing Li, Joseph Gibbons, Juan Yang, Ugonna Ihenacho, Katherine Lin, Pushkar P Inamdar, Fei Chen, Anna H Wu, Christopher A Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Lynne R Wilkens, Salma Shariff-Marco, Iona Cheng

{"title":"Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition Typology and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.","authors":"Meera Sangaramoorthy, Yuqing Li, Joseph Gibbons, Juan Yang, Ugonna Ihenacho, Katherine Lin, Pushkar P Inamdar, Fei Chen, Anna H Wu, Christopher A Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Lynne R Wilkens, Salma Shariff-Marco, Iona Cheng","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae451","url":null,"abstract":"Living in racially and ethnically segregated neighborhoods may increase the risk of breast cancer. We examined associations between neighborhood racial and ethnic composition typology and incident primary invasive breast cancer risk in a population-based sample of 102,615 African American/Black, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, Latino, and White females residing in California and Hawaii from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study between 1993-2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. In California, African American/Black females in predominantly White neighborhoods had decreased breast cancer risk compared to African American/Black females in predominantly Black neighborhoods (HR=0.71, 95% CI=0.50-0.99). Latino females in mixed White and Asian American/Pacific Islander neighborhoods had increased breast cancer risk (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.20-2.11) in comparison to Latino females in predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods. In Hawaii, Japanese American females in multiethnic neighborhoods had increased breast cancer risk (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.24-1.78) compared to Japanese American females in predominantly Asian American neighborhoods. Native Hawaiian females in predominantly Asian American neighborhoods had increased breast cancer risk (HR=1.23, 95% CI=1.04-1.45) compared to Native Hawaiian females in mixed Native Hawaiian neighborhoods. Our findings can inform future studies to identify specific pathways through which segregation influences cancer risk in multiethnic populations.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School Closures and Respiratory Infections Transmission and Mortality: Evidence from School Holidays in Poland.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae453

Krzysztof Zaremba

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Risk of Gastrointestinal Perforation Associated with COVID-19: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae448

Takayuki Okura, Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno, Toshiki Fukasawa, Satomi Yoshida, Koji Kawakami

{"title":"Assessing the Risk of Gastrointestinal Perforation Associated with COVID-19: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study.","authors":"Takayuki Okura, Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno, Toshiki Fukasawa, Satomi Yoshida, Koji Kawakami","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae448","url":null,"abstract":"Although some case reports have reported gastrointestinal perforation after COVID-19, epidemiological studies investigating this association are scarce. We aimed to assess the risk of gastrointestinal perforation associated with COVID-19. We conducted a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study using a Japanese nationwide, large-scale claims database. We identified patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and October 2022 who had undergone surgery for gastrointestinal perforation. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastrointestinal perforation during the 4-week risk period compared with the control period. Our SCCS study included 276 patients. The IRR for gastrointestinal perforation was 6.62 (95% CI 3.52 to 12.47) for the first week, 3.27 (95% CI 1.51 to 7.09) for the second week, and 1.45 (95% CI 0.63 to 3.33) for the third and fourth weeks following COVID-19. The risk was lower in female patients than in male patients. In a subgroup analysis, the results were consistent regardless of age. This study suggests a significant association between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal perforation, particularly during the first 2 weeks. These findings highlight the need to recognize COVID-19 as a risk factor for gastrointestinal perforation.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunity and risk interventions: Distinct mechanisms to reduce disease burden.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae456

Jonathan M Snowden, Julia L Marcus

引用次数: 0

Slavery, homeownership, and contemporary perinatal outcomes in the southeast: a test of mediation and moderation. 东南部的奴隶制、房屋所有权和当代围产期结果：中介和调节作用的检验。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae138

Kaitlyn K Stanhope, Michael R Kramer, Izraelle McKinnon, Sierra Carter, Sheree L Boulet

{"title":"Slavery, homeownership, and contemporary perinatal outcomes in the southeast: a test of mediation and moderation.","authors":"Kaitlyn K Stanhope, Michael R Kramer, Izraelle McKinnon, Sierra Carter, Sheree L Boulet","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae138","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of geographic variation in historic slavery on perinatal outcomes (chronic hypertension, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP], very preterm birth [VPTB], or very low birth weight birth [VLBW]) among Black people living in states where slavery was legal in 1860; and to test mediation by Black homeownership. We linked data on the proportion of enslaved residents from the 1860 Census to natality data on outcomes (2013-2021) using resident county. The percentage of Black residents in a county who owned their home was a potential mediator. We fit log binomial models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) representing total and controlled direct effects (accounting for Black homeownership) of the proportion enslaved on outcomes, accounting for potential confounding, using marginal structural models. Among 2 443 198 included births, 8.8% (213 829) experienced HDP, 4.1% (100 549) chronic hypertension, 3.3% (81 072) VPTB, and 2.6% (62 538) VLBW. There was an increase in chronic hypertension and VPTB risk, but not HDP or VLBW, in counties with a 10% greater proportion of enslaved residents in 1860 (adjusted RR [95% CI], chronic hypertension: 1.06 [1.02-1.1]; VPTB: 1.02 [1.00-1.05]; HDP: 1.00 [0.98-1.02]; and VLBW: 1.01 [1.00-1.03]). There was not evidence of mediation by Black homeownership. We conclude that historic slavery remains relevant for perinatal health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1692"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High traffic roads and adverse birth outcomes: comparing births upwind and downwind of the same road. 交通繁忙的道路与不良出生结果：比较同一条道路上风向和下风向的新生儿。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae120

Andrew Larkin, Mary D Willis, Lena Harris, Beate Ritz, Elaine L Hill, Perry Hystad

{"title":"High traffic roads and adverse birth outcomes: comparing births upwind and downwind of the same road.","authors":"Andrew Larkin, Mary D Willis, Lena Harris, Beate Ritz, Elaine L Hill, Perry Hystad","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae120","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic-related air pollution is a major concern for perinatal health. Determining causal associations, however, is difficult because high-traffic areas tend to correspond with lower socioeconomic neighborhoods and other environmental exposures. To overcome confounding, we compared pregnant individuals living downwind and upwind of the same high-traffic road. We leveraged vital statistics data for Texas from 2007 to 2016 (n = 3 570 272 births) and computed hourly wind estimates for residential addresses within 500 m of high-traffic roads (ie, annual average daily traffic >25 000 vehicles) (10.9% of births). We matched pregnant individuals predominantly upwind with pregnant neighbors downwind of the same road segment (n = 37 631 pairs). Living downwind was associated with a decrease of 11.6 g (95% CI, -18.01 to -5.21) in term birth weight. No associations were observed with low term birth weight, preterm birth, or very preterm birth. In distance-stratified models, living downwind within 50 m was associated with a decrease of 36.3 g (95% CI, -67.74 to -4.93) in term birth weight and living 51-100 m downwind was associated with an odds ratio of 3.68 (95% CI, 1.71-7.90) for very preterm birth. These results suggest traffic air pollution is associated with adverse birth outcomes, with steep distance decay gradients around major roads. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1720-1728"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 试验阴性研究中的既往感染与 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的有效性：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae142

Tim K Tsang, Sheena G Sullivan, Xiaotong Huang, Can Wang, Yifan Wang, Joshua Nealon, Bingyi Yang, Kylie E C Ainslie, Benjamin J Cowling

{"title":"Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tim K Tsang, Sheena G Sullivan, Xiaotong Huang, Can Wang, Yifan Wang, Joshua Nealon, Bingyi Yang, Kylie E C Ainslie, Benjamin J Cowling","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae142","url":null,"abstract":"Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 can provide protection against infection and severe COVID-19. We aimed to determine the impact of preexisting immunity on vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed 66 test-negative design studies that examined VE against infection or severe disease (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or death) for primary vaccination series. Pooled VE among studies that included people with prior COVID-19 infection was lower against infection (77%; 95% CI, 72-81) and severe disease (86%; 95% CI, 83-89) compared with studies that excluded people with prior COVID-19 infection (pooled VE against infection: 87% [95% CI, 85-89]; pooled VE against severe disease: 93% [95% CI, 91-95]). There was a negative correlation between VE estimates against infection and severe disease, and the cumulative incidence of cases before the start of the study or incidence rates during the study period. We found clear empirical evidence that higher levels of preexisting immunity were associated with lower VE estimates. Prior infections should be treated as both a confounder and effect modificatory when the policies target the whole population or are stratified by infection history, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1868-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0