American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第2页

Experiencing unfair treatment is associated with incident cardiovascular disease among older Black adults. 经历不公平待遇与老年黑人心血管疾病发病率相关

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag035

Jessica R Fernandez, Juliana S Sherchan, Roma Dhingra, Symielle A Gaston, Chandra L Jackson, Allana T Forde

{"title":"Experiencing unfair treatment is associated with incident cardiovascular disease among older Black adults.","authors":"Jessica R Fernandez, Juliana S Sherchan, Roma Dhingra, Symielle A Gaston, Chandra L Jackson, Allana T Forde","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag035","url":null,"abstract":"Experiencing discrimination may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which disproportionately impacts Black adults in the United States. With the few prospective, time-varying investigations, evidence of everyday discrimination impacting incident CVD is sparse, especially among older Black adults. This study examined the association between everyday discrimination and incident CVD across a 12-year period using a nationally representative population of older Black adults from the Health and Retirement Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the association between everyday discrimination (measured on a continuous scale) and incident CVD. Supplemental analyses examined the association between everyday discrimination and incident CVD among those who experienced racial versus nonracial discrimination. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and CVD risk factors. At baseline, participants (N = 988) were 65 years old on average and 57.3% were female. During the 12-year period, 16.3% of participants developed CVD. Each increase in everyday discrimination was associated with a higher incidence of CVD in fully adjusted models (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.59). Older Black adults who experience frequent everyday discrimination may be at higher risk of developing CVD. Clinical and nonclinical interventions assessing and addressing experiences of discrimination may help in CVD prevention efforts among Black adults.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1268-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of the test-negative design to estimate the protective effect of a scalar immune measure: a simulation analysis. 使用阴性试验设计来估计标量免疫措施的保护效果：模拟分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag036

Ziyuan Zhang, Christopher B Boyer, Marc Lipsitch

{"title":"Use of the test-negative design to estimate the protective effect of a scalar immune measure: a simulation analysis.","authors":"Ziyuan Zhang, Christopher B Boyer, Marc Lipsitch","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag036","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure-proximal antibody levels, or scalar correlates of protection (COPs), are increasingly used to assess infection risk following vaccination or prior infection. A version of the test-negative design (TND), adapted from vaccine effectiveness studies, has been proposed to estimate this relationship, but its validity for continuous immune measures under realistic epidemic conditions remains unclear. We used individual-based transmission models incorporating waning and boosting immunity and simulated two scenarios: one with homogenous baseline risk and another with a high-risk group. Infection risk was modeled as a function of COP, both linearly and nonlinearly. Test-negative design samples were drawn from single or multiple days and analyzed using logistic regression and generalized additive models (GAMs). Model validity, defined as the ability to recover the true COP-infection incidence rate ratio relationship, was evaluated using mean absolute error. Transformed logistic regression recovered the true relationship when the correct functional form was known, including in the presence of confounding. When the parametric model was misspecified, GAMs outperformed logistic regression, particularly with large sample sizes and broad COP coverage. Because the true functional form is often unknown, flexible semiparametric approaches may be preferred in well-powered TND studies with antibody measurements.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1388-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of chemical hair straighteners in relation to incidence and growth of uterine leiomyomata: a prospective ultrasound study. 使用化学直发器与子宫平滑肌瘤的发病率和生长有关：一项前瞻性超声研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf286

Lauren A Wise, Samantha Schildroth, Sharonda M Lovett, Ruth J Geller, Stacy A Patchel, Symielle A Gaston, Chandra L Jackson, Traci N Bethea, Chad M Coleman, Ganesa Wegienka, Amelia K Wesselink, Quaker E Harmon, Donna D Baird, Nyia L Noel

引用次数: 0

Changing educational attainment as a driver of cohort changes in healthy longevity: a decomposition analysis of US birth cohorts. 教育程度的变化是健康寿命队列变化的驱动因素：对美国出生队列的分解分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf066

Tianyu Shen, Alyson van Raalte, Collin F Payne

{"title":"Changing educational attainment as a driver of cohort changes in healthy longevity: a decomposition analysis of US birth cohorts.","authors":"Tianyu Shen, Alyson van Raalte, Collin F Payne","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf066","url":null,"abstract":"An anticipated health boost from the increasing educational attainment of the US population has not materialized, with life expectancy and healthy longevity both stagnating over the past decade. We seek to understand how changes in the level of educational attainment across successive birth cohorts in the United States have impacted disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) among older Americans. We analyze data from the US Health and Retirement Study spanning 2000 to 2020, focusing on four consecutive 10-year birth cohorts. We then decompose changes in population-level expectancies into contributions from shifts in educational composition, health status at midlife, and health and mortality transitions at older ages across different educational groups. Disability-free life expectancy increased notably for females but not for males, with disabled life expectancy (DLE) remaining stable. Shifts in educational composition primarily drove increases in DFLE and total life expectancy. However, deteriorating midlife health among those without a high school diploma reduced DFLE for this group, which tempered overall population-level gains. Health and mortality transitions among the less educated contributed to increased DLE. Our findings show that educational attainment is a major structural factor influencing the US population's health. Expanding access to higher education and reducing education inequality will play a significant role in future changes to healthy longevity.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1222-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Damp housing conditions as a determinant of psychological distress: a longitudinal analysis of the British Household Panel Survey. 潮湿的住房条件作为心理困扰的决定因素：英国家庭小组调查的纵向分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf263

Maria Rosa Gatto, Ang Li, Erika Martino, Rebecca Bentley

{"title":"Damp housing conditions as a determinant of psychological distress: a longitudinal analysis of the British Household Panel Survey.","authors":"Maria Rosa Gatto, Ang Li, Erika Martino, Rebecca Bentley","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf263","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf263","url":null,"abstract":"Limited evidence exists regarding whether damp housing contributes to psychological distress. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between damp housing exposure and psychological distress. Data from the British Household Panel Survey (1996-2008) were used to assess the effect of damp housing on psychological distress in British households (n = 9189 at baseline). Indoor dampness exposure was measured using multiple indicators (condensation, leaky roof, rot, and damp walls/floors) and a measure of severity that quantified the number of exposures. Psychological distress was measured using a binary variable derived from the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariate fixed effects logistic regression models analyzed the hypothesized associations. Exposure to damp housing was associated with increased odds of psychological distress (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14; P < .01). Condensation was the strongest predictor (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13; P < .01). With each additional dampness indicator, odds of psychological distress increased by 4% (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P < .01). Among combinations of dampness indicators, the strongest association was for condensation and rot in windows/floors (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.40; P < .01). These findings suggest damp housing exposure may increase the risk of psychological distress. Further research should investigate underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1284-1291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building the mountain mama & baby cohort: study design, protocol, and early prenatal clinic-based recruitment outcomes. 建立山区母婴队列：研究设计、方案和早期产前临床招募结果。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag030

Bethany Barone Gibbs, Kathryn Chmelik, Elly M Marshall, Waylon K Henggeler, I Mark Olfert, Shon Rowan, Christa Lilly, Sally L Hodder, Amna Umer

{"title":"Building the mountain mama & baby cohort: study design, protocol, and early prenatal clinic-based recruitment outcomes.","authors":"Bethany Barone Gibbs, Kathryn Chmelik, Elly M Marshall, Waylon K Henggeler, I Mark Olfert, Shon Rowan, Christa Lilly, Sally L Hodder, Amna Umer","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag030","url":null,"abstract":"Prenatal e-cigarette and cannabis use are increasing. Though concerning, the risks associated with these emerging exposures are unclear due to methodological limitations of available research. To address these gaps, the Mountain Mama & Baby Study prospectively enrolled a cohort of pregnant women in their first trimester during their initial telehealth visit with a nurse navigator at West Virginia University Medicine obstetric clinics. The study's goals were to (1) demonstrate the feasibility of our recruitment methodology and the representativeness of the sample, (2) establish first and third trimester exposure rates and describe the epidemiology of prenatal e-cigarette and cannabis use, and (3) explore associations between prenatal e-cigarette and cannabis exposure and adverse maternal-infant outcomes. This report describes the rationale, study design, protocol, and the feasibility and generalizability of recruitment. We enrolled 417 of 920 eligible participants (45.3%; 95% CI, 42.1% to 48.6%), exceeding our 20% benchmark. Enrolled participants and those nonenrolled were similar across most sociodemographic characteristics (eg, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, rurality, area deprivation). The Mountain Mama & Baby Study will provide clinicians, pregnant women, and public health practitioners with critical information on the potential harms of prenatal e-cigarette and cannabis use, guiding the design of interventions and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1429-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in obesity-related cardiovascular and cancer mortality in Switzerland 1995-2019: an analysis of multiple causes of death. 1995-2019年瑞士与肥胖相关的心血管和癌症死亡率趋势：对多种死亡原因的分析

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag003

Bernadette W A van der Linden, Célia A Viehl, Nazihah Noor, Tim Adair, Salvatore Vaccarella, Cristian Carmeli

{"title":"Trends in obesity-related cardiovascular and cancer mortality in Switzerland 1995-2019: an analysis of multiple causes of death.","authors":"Bernadette W A van der Linden, Célia A Viehl, Nazihah Noor, Tim Adair, Salvatore Vaccarella, Cristian Carmeli","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag003","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality risk, with prevalence rising globally over recent decades. In the United States, steep obesity increases contributed to adverse trends in obesity-related mortality and to slowing decline in overall CVD mortality, particularly among younger generations. Switzerland experienced slower obesity increases, but the contribution of obesity to mortality trends remains uncharacterized. We analyzed all adult deaths recorded in Swiss mortality statistics between 1995 and 2019. Obesity-related CVD and cancer deaths were identified using multiple cause of death approaches. Annual changes in age-standardized mortality rates were estimated via segmented regression. Age-period-cohort models assessed cohort variations. Overall, CVD mortality declined steadily while cancer mortality decline attenuated after 2005, primarily reflecting slower declines in obesity-unrelated cancer mortality. Obesity-related mortality increased from 1995 to 2005 and then decreased, while obesity-unrelated rates decreased throughout 1995-2019. These diverging trends did not slow overall CVD mortality decline. Age-period-cohort modeling revealed lower obesity-related mortality rates in younger versus older generations. In Switzerland, unlike in the United States, trends in obesity-related mortality did not slow the decline of overall CVD mortality. Obesity-related mortality rates did not increase in younger generations, highlighting the role of reduced childhood obesity prevalence and improved management of obesity-related conditions in Switzerland.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1319-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Predicting cohort-specific cervical cancer incidence from population-based surveys of human papilloma virus prevalence: a worldwide study". 更正“从基于人群的人乳头瘤病毒流行率调查预测特定人群宫颈癌发病率：一项全球研究”。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae310

Rosa Schulte-Frohlinde, Damien Georges, Gary Clifford, Iacopo Baussano

引用次数: 0

Paid family leave and reduced acute respiratory infections in young infants: does everyone benefit equally? 带薪家庭假和减少婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染：每个人都能平等受益吗？

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf124

Katherine A Ahrens, Jennifer A Hutcheon, Erin C Strumpf, Arijit Nandi, Justin R Ortiz, Teresa Janevic

{"title":"Paid family leave and reduced acute respiratory infections in young infants: does everyone benefit equally?","authors":"Katherine A Ahrens, Jennifer A Hutcheon, Erin C Strumpf, Arijit Nandi, Justin R Ortiz, Teresa Janevic","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf124","url":null,"abstract":"To examine whether the effect of a paid family leave program on acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections among young infants differed by subgroups. We examined 52 943 hospitalizations and emergency department visits between October 2015 and February 2020 among infants aged ≤8 weeks in New York, which introduced paid family leave in January 2018, and four New England control states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine). We conducted a controlled time series analysis that compared observed counts in New York during the putative respiratory virus season (October to March) in each population subgroup to those predicted in the absence of the policy. Absolute reductions in respiratory tract infection-related acute care encounters among young infants were greater for Hispanic as compared to non-Hispanic White infants (5.60 fewer cases per 1000 infants [95% CI, -8.74 to -2.51]) and for encounters paid for by Medicaid as compared to private payer (4.22 fewer cases per 1000 [95% CI, -6.45 to -2.18]). Findings by Child Opportunity Index 2.0 quintiles showed no clear pattern. Our findings suggest the program may have larger benefits for infants from less advantaged groups.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1492-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 mitigation policies were associated with increased gun violence during 2020-2021. 2019冠状病毒病缓解政策与2020-2021年期间枪支暴力增加有关。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf288

Douglas A Wolf, Emily W Wiemers, Iliya Gutin, Jennifer Karas Montez, Shannon M Monnat

引用次数: 0