American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第2页

Characterizing state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories using sequence and cluster analysis, 1996-2016, 50 US states and Washington, DC, and associations with health status and health care outcomes. 利用序列和聚类分析描述 1996-2016 年美国 50 个州和华盛顿特区的州级结构性顺两性主义轨迹，以及与健康状况和医疗保健结果的关联。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae434

Dougie Zubizarreta, Ariel L Beccia, Anusha M Vable, Allegra R Gordon, S Bryn Austin

{"title":"Characterizing state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories using sequence and cluster analysis, 1996-2016, 50 US states and Washington, DC, and associations with health status and health care outcomes.","authors":"Dougie Zubizarreta, Ariel L Beccia, Anusha M Vable, Allegra R Gordon, S Bryn Austin","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae434","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae434","url":null,"abstract":"Structural cisheterosexism is a root cause of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health inequities. Amidst ongoing legal attacks on LGBTQ populations' rights, research is needed to examine changes in policy contexts over time and associated implications for population health and inequities. To address this gap, we constructed state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories for each US state and Washington, DC, for the period 1996 to 2016. We used sequence analysis to quantify differences between trajectories and cluster analysis to group similar trajectories. We evaluated associations between trajectory clusters and individual-level health outcomes (ie, self-rated health, frequent mental distress, lacking insurance, lacking a doctor, avoiding care due to cost) from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in the overall sample and by LGBTQ status (LGBTQ vs cisheterosexual), using multilevel logistic models. From 38 unique trajectories, we identified 5 trajectory clusters: \"consistently predominantly discriminatory\"; \"consistently fairly discriminatory\"; \"moderate with increasing protection\"; \"discriminatory change to fairly protective\"; and \"fairly discriminatory change to predominantly protective.\" Overall, health and health care was worse in states characterized by consistently discriminatory laws compared with states with increasingly protective laws, and disproportionately so for LGBTQ people. Findings underscore the need to abolish harmful, cisheterosexist state laws and enact protective laws to advance LGBTQ health equity. More broadly, this study demonstrates the utility of sequence and cluster analysis for assessing long-term population health impacts of structural-level determinants. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2608-2620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial and demographic heterogeneity in excess mortality in the United States, 2020-2023: a multimodel approach. 2020-2023 年美国超额死亡率的空间和人口异质性：一种多模型方法。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae422

Sasikiran Kandula, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Gunnar Rø, Marissa LeBlanc, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio

{"title":"Spatial and demographic heterogeneity in excess mortality in the United States, 2020-2023: a multimodel approach.","authors":"Sasikiran Kandula, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Gunnar Rø, Marissa LeBlanc, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae422","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae422","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we assessed the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States between 2020 and 2023 through estimates of excess all-cause mortality. Monthly mortality rates over a 19-year period, stratified by age, sex, and state of residence, were used to predict expected mortality for the pandemic years. A combination of models-2 timeseries, a spatial random-effects and a generalized additive-was used to better capture uncertainty. Results indicate that the national excess mortality for the United States decreased in 2023 to 157 000 (95% prediction interval: 35 000-282 000) from 502 000 (436 000-567 000), 574 000 (484 000-666 000) and 377 000 (264 000-484 000) during the years 2020-2022, respectively. Unlike in previous years, deaths with COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death possibly accounted for all excess deaths during 2023. While for the older age groups (>75 years), the year 2020-before vaccines were available-had the highest excess mortality rate, and the 2 younger age groups had the highest excess mortality in 2021. In each age group, women were estimated to have consistently lower excess mortality than men. West Virginia had the highest age-standardized excess mortality among all states in 2021 and 2022. Our findings demonstrate the value of a multimodel approach in capturing heterogeneity in excess mortality.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2560-2569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating heterogeneous effects of an expanded methadone access policy with opioid treatment program retention: a Rhode Island population-based retrospective cohort study. 调查扩大美沙酮获取政策与阿片类药物治疗计划保留的异质效应：罗德岛州基于人群的回顾性队列研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf092

Bennett Allen, Noa Krawczyk, Cale Basaraba, Victoria A Jent, Jesse L Yedinak, William C Goedel, Maxwell Krieger, Claire Pratty, Alexandria Macmadu, Elizabeth A Samuels, Brandon D L Marshall, Daniel B Neill, Magdalena Cerdá

{"title":"Investigating heterogeneous effects of an expanded methadone access policy with opioid treatment program retention: a Rhode Island population-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Bennett Allen, Noa Krawczyk, Cale Basaraba, Victoria A Jent, Jesse L Yedinak, William C Goedel, Maxwell Krieger, Claire Pratty, Alexandria Macmadu, Elizabeth A Samuels, Brandon D L Marshall, Daniel B Neill, Magdalena Cerdá","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf092","url":null,"abstract":"Following federal regulatory changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, Rhode Island expanded methadone access for opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in March 2020. The policy, which permitted take-home dosing for patients, contrasted with longstanding restrictions on methadone. This study used patient-level OTP admission and discharge records to compare six-month retention before and after the policy change. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1248 patients newly admitted to OTPs between March 18 and June 30 of 2019 (pre-policy) and 2020 (post-policy). We used logistic regression to estimate associations with retention before and after the policy and used a machine learning approach, the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE)-Scan, to explore heterogeneity in retention across subgroups. Overall, we found no change in retention following the policy, with an adjusted OR of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.80, 1.45) and adjusted RR of 1.03 (0.90-1.18). Using HTE-Scan, we identified two subgroups with significantly increased retention above the overall cohort: (1) patients with below high-school education and past-month arrest and (2) male, non-Hispanic white or Hispanic/Latino patients reporting heroin or fentanyl use with past-month arrest. We identified no subgroups with significantly decreased retention. Collectively, findings suggest that expanded methadone access may benefit vulnerable populations without harming overall retention.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2744-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco. 在旧金山对男男性行为者进行实体与虚拟场所招募时的样本组成和 HIV 预防指标差异。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae443

Izzy Chiu, Moranda Tate, Dillon Trujillo, Bow Suprasert, Alex Marr, Sean Arayasirikul, Erin C Wilson, Henry F Raymond, Willi McFarland

{"title":"Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco.","authors":"Izzy Chiu, Moranda Tate, Dillon Trujillo, Bow Suprasert, Alex Marr, Sean Arayasirikul, Erin C Wilson, Henry F Raymond, Willi McFarland","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae443","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae443","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue time-location sampling (TLS) to online or virtual venue TLS for men who have sex with men (MSM). We present differences in the samples of MSM recruited using physical venue TLS in 2017 and virtual venue TLS in 2021. We further assess changes in preventive and risk behaviors from 2017 to 2021 after controlling for differences in the sample compositions with multivariable Poisson models using generalized linear models with robust standard errors. Both sampling methods exceeded their targeted sample size of 500 (physical venue TLS n = 502, virtual venue TLS n = 505). Compared to physical venue TLS, the virtual venue TLS sample had fewer persons experiencing homelessness and incarceration, and more persons with health insurance and postgraduate degrees. After adjusting for these differences and age, race, and employment status, pre-exposure prophylaxis use increased from 2017 to 2021. The use of several noninjection drugs also increased, namely marijuana, poppers, ketamine, psilocybin, and LSD. We found virtual venue recruitment of MSM to be a viable approach for tracking trends in HIV-related behaviors, with notable appeal given possible future pandemic lockdowns of physical venues and changing socialization patterns.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2650-2658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The importance and challenges of using natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policy: a commentary on Schwartz and Chu's "Do laws protecting tenants' health work?: Implied warranties of habitability and respiratory health". 利用自然实验评估住房政策对健康的影响的重要性和挑战。施瓦茨和朱棣文《保护房客健康的法律有效吗？》：可居住性和呼吸健康的隐含保证”。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf134

Rebecca Bentley, Kate Mason

{"title":"The importance and challenges of using natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policy: a commentary on Schwartz and Chu's \"Do laws protecting tenants' health work?: Implied warranties of habitability and respiratory health\".","authors":"Rebecca Bentley, Kate Mason","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf134","url":null,"abstract":"Housing policy remains underutilized as a lever for better population health. This commentary discusses the intersection of housing policy and population health, focusing on the use of natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policies. We consider Schwartz and Chu's paper (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) in which they employ a natural experiment approach to quantifying health impacts of habitability warrants: state-based housing policy aimed at protecting renters in the United States. The paper's null findings highlight the complexities of evaluating health effects of housing policies. Findings could be explained by policy failure, that is, habitability warranties place the burden on tenants to act, requiring them to invest resources and potentially risk their tenancy to address suboptimal living conditions. Methodological challenges could also contribute including limited sample sizes, reliance on self-reported data, and potential confounding factors. We argue that failure to optimize housing policies for health outcomes leads to missed opportunities to improve population health using prevention strategies, potentially widening existing health inequalities. This review underscores the need for continued research into the health impacts of housing policies, advocating for a shift toward health-centric policy evaluation to better leverage housing as a key social determinant of health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2755-2757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of discrimination experiences with rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，美国成年人的歧视经历与焦虑和抑郁症状随后的快速变化之间的关系。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae433

Maricar Ordonez, Dayoung Bae, Melissa Wong, Adam M Leventhal, Hongying D Dai, Junhan Cho

{"title":"Association of discrimination experiences with rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Maricar Ordonez, Dayoung Bae, Melissa Wong, Adam M Leventhal, Hongying D Dai, Junhan Cho","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae433","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae433","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how discrimination experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic relate to anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults. Using a national representative intensive longitudinal survey, the study evaluates rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depression when individuals undergo heightened discrimination beyond their usual experiences. The study used 23 survey time points, primarily with 2-week intervals, from the Understanding America Study (n = 8198). Time-varying and time-lagged associations between discrimination experiences and anxiety and depression were modeled using multilevel logistic random-effect repeated-measures regression models. The results showed that discrimination experiences were associated with moderate-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as more than 1 comorbid psychological distress symptom (adjusted odds ratios [AORs], 1.10-1.13). The association remained significant regardless of interindividual differences in exposure to discrimination. Non-Hispanic Blacks, Asians, and other race/ethnicities exhibited stronger associations between discrimination and psychological distress (AORs, 1.63-1.93) compared to Hispanic and White respondents (AORs, 1.13-1.25). Our findings suggest that individuals experience a rapid deterioration in their emotional well-being when subjected to heightened levels of discrimination beyond their typical experiences.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2600-2607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia. 基于登记的方法估计乳腺癌死亡率的县一级种族差异：乔治亚州的一项分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae413

Rebecca Nash, Jeffrey M Switchenko, Kevin C Ward, Maret L Maliniak, Lindsay J Collin, Leah Moubadder, Michael R Kramer, Timothy L Lash, Anne Gaglioti, Rana Bayakly, Lauren E McCullough

{"title":"A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia.","authors":"Rebecca Nash, Jeffrey M Switchenko, Kevin C Ward, Maret L Maliniak, Lindsay J Collin, Leah Moubadder, Michael R Kramer, Timothy L Lash, Anne Gaglioti, Rana Bayakly, Lauren E McCullough","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae413","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae413","url":null,"abstract":"Despite similar incidence rates, nationwide breast cancer mortality is 40% higher among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. The racial disparity persists even among women who have early-stage disease, prognostically favorable subtypes, or indicators of high socioeconomic status, and is not evenly distributed throughout the United States. Understanding geographic differences may provide additional insight into the drivers of the disparity. However, current data are geographically limited, based primarily on death certificate information, do not incorporate incidence, and often do not provide estimates or account for areas with small populations or sparse case data. Using a Bayesian framework, we estimated the local racial disparity in 5-year mortality for nonmetastatic breast cancer diagnosed during 2005-2013 across counties in Georgia, a racially and geographically diverse state. Overall, during the study period, 5-year breast cancer mortality was 43% higher among NHB than NHW women. The racial disparity varied across Georgia with more pronounced disparity observed in the central and southeast and less pronounced disparity in the southwest. County-level rurality and the proportion of owner-occupied housing were associated with the magnitude of the disparity, but only after accounting for other area-level covariates. This approach can help guide decisions and resource allocation at the local level.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2698-2704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying critical periods of susceptibility for maternal exposure to biothermal stress and the risks of stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth in Western Australia. 确定西澳大利亚州孕产妇易受生物热应力影响的关键时期以及死产和自然早产的风险。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae431

Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Gizachew A Tessema, Ben Mullins, Antonio Gasparrini, Gavin Pereira

{"title":"Identifying critical periods of susceptibility for maternal exposure to biothermal stress and the risks of stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth in Western Australia.","authors":"Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Gizachew A Tessema, Ben Mullins, Antonio Gasparrini, Gavin Pereira","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae431","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae431","url":null,"abstract":"A few studies investigated critical periods of temperature and the risks of stillbirth and preterm birth. This study aimed to identify critical periods of composite biothermal stress (Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) for stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). From the Midwives Notification System, 415 271 singleton births between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, were linked to spatiotemporal UTCI in Western Australia. Covariate-adjusted weekly and monthly distributed lag nonlinear Cox regression from 12 weeks before conception to birth was performed. Relative to median exposure (14.2 °C), extreme UTCI levels (1st-10th and 90th-99th centiles) were associated with higher hazards of stillbirth and sPTB, especially stronger at lower than higher exposures. Critical susceptible periods at 1st centile (10.2 °C) exposure were found during gestational weeks 21 to 42, with the strongest hazard of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.27) in the 42nd week for stillbirth, and during gestational weeks 26 to 36, with the strongest hazard of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06-1.12) in the 36th week for sPTB. Monthly exposure showed a similar pattern but with greater magnitude. Mid to late gestation showed critical susceptible periods of biothermal stress on the birth outcomes, suggesting further studies and timely climate-related health care interventions.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2580-2589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reparations for African enslavement in the United States and Black survival using the panel study of income dynamics. 美国对非洲奴隶的赔偿与黑人的生存——基于收入动态的小组研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae444

Jourdyn A Lawrence, Jaquelyn L Jahn, Joy Shi, Kathryn E W Himmelstein, Justin M Feldman, Natalia Linos, Mary T Bassett

{"title":"Reparations for African enslavement in the United States and Black survival using the panel study of income dynamics.","authors":"Jourdyn A Lawrence, Jaquelyn L Jahn, Joy Shi, Kathryn E W Himmelstein, Justin M Feldman, Natalia Linos, Mary T Bassett","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae444","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae444","url":null,"abstract":"Activists, policymakers, and scholars increasingly have advocated for reparations payments to Black Americans to redress the harms of enslavement and discriminatory practices that followed. This study examined the effects of a hypothetical monetary reparations intervention on all-cause premature and overall mortality among Black adults in the United States. We used the Black-white wealth gap to calculate monetary costs, modeling the effects of wealth influxes of $905 426.10 (in 2019 USD) to each Black household (the amount necessary to eliminate the mean Black-white wealth gap), distributed over 10 years. We applied a target trial emulation framework to data in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (n = 16 010). Each Black household head or spouse/partner was followed from baseline until death, incomplete follow-up, 18 years after baseline, or the end of follow-up in 2019, whichever occurred first. Using the g-formula to account for time-fixed and time-varying confounders, we found a 29% reduction in premature mortality and a 25.6% reduction in overall mortality among Black adults under the reparations intervention. Our findings provide evidence that reparations are a lifesaving and justice-promoting social policy that could significantly contribute to efforts to eliminate health inequities. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2659-2666"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations between community social capital and posttraumatic growth among older survivors 11 years after a natural disaster. 社区社会资本与自然灾害 11 年后老年幸存者的创伤后成长之间的关系。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae432

Hiroyuki Hikichi, Katsunari Kondo, Ichiro Kawachi

{"title":"Associations between community social capital and posttraumatic growth among older survivors 11 years after a natural disaster.","authors":"Hiroyuki Hikichi, Katsunari Kondo, Ichiro Kawachi","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae432","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae432","url":null,"abstract":"We prospectively examined whether community-level social capital plays a significant role in developing posttraumatic growth (PTG) among older survivors of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster among residents of a city located 80 km west of the earthquake epicenter. The survey inquired about participants' health status and social capital (informal socializing and social participation, as well as social cohesion). Approximately 2.5 years after the disaster, we surveyed older survivors to assess their disaster experiences. A follow-up survey in 2022 inquired about PTG in the 11 years following experiences of the disaster (n = 1819). Multilevel linear regression analysis showed that predisaster community-level informal socializing and social participation was associated with higher PTG scores (coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.02-0.47). In cross-classified multilevel regression, maintenance of higher community-level informal socializing and social participation during the postdisaster period was associated with higher scores of PTG (coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.37). Predisaster community-level informal socializing and social participation were associated with higher PTG scores among older survivors. Interventions encouraging social interactions among neighbors may be effective in promoting PTG of survivors after natural disasters.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2590-2599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0