American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第3页

Inverse Probability Weighting for Categorical Exposures. 分类暴露的逆概率加权。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf050

Ashley I Naimi, Brian Whitcomb

引用次数: 0

A Time-Series Approach for Estimating Emergency Department Visits Attributable to Seasonal Influenza: Results from Six U.S. Cities, 2005-06 to 2016-17 Seasons.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf045

Xucheng Fred Huang, A Danielle Iuliano, Stefanie Ebelt, Carrie Reed, Howard H Chang

{"title":"A Time-Series Approach for Estimating Emergency Department Visits Attributable to Seasonal Influenza: Results from Six U.S. Cities, 2005-06 to 2016-17 Seasons.","authors":"Xucheng Fred Huang, A Danielle Iuliano, Stefanie Ebelt, Carrie Reed, Howard H Chang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf045","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency department (ED) visits during influenza seasons represent a critical yet less examined indicator of the acute burden of influenza. This study investigates the burden of influenza-associated ED visits in six U.S. cities during influenza seasons from 2005-06 to 2016-17. Using a time-series design, we estimated associations between daily ED visits and weekly influenza activity data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). A counterfactual approach was then used to calculate attributable expected ED. Highest influenza-associated rates were observed among the youngest (0-4 years) and oldest (65+ years) age groups. Combining estimates across seasons, the influenza-associated ED visit rate for respiratory diseases was almost six times larger compared to the subset of ED visits that resulted in hospitalization: 364 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 294-435) for total ED visits versus 58 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 45-71) for hospitalization. This difference was particularly large for the 0-4 year age group: 911 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 558-1,263) for total ED visits versus 43 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 15-71) for hospitalization. This study highlights the substantial burden of influenza on emergency healthcare services and the importance of integrating such data into public health planning and influenza management strategies.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caution in Handling Switchers in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies Estimating Treatment Effects: The Example of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf044

Tiansheng Wang, Jeanny Wang, Zoey Song, Elyse Miller, Virginia Pate, Qoua Her, Jeff Yang, Sarah H R Charlier, Pascal Egger, Edward L Barnes, John B Buse, Claudia Becker, Robert S Sandler, Christoph Meier, Susan Jick, Til Stürmer

{"title":"Caution in Handling Switchers in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies Estimating Treatment Effects: The Example of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Tiansheng Wang, Jeanny Wang, Zoey Song, Elyse Miller, Virginia Pate, Qoua Her, Jeff Yang, Sarah H R Charlier, Pascal Egger, Edward L Barnes, John B Buse, Claudia Becker, Robert S Sandler, Christoph Meier, Susan Jick, Til Stürmer","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf044","url":null,"abstract":"Real-world evidence assessing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i)'s risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is conflicting. One study modelling DPP4i as a time varying exposure (TVE) observed a harmful effect in a UK population, while an active-comparator new-user (ACNU) study observed a null effect in a US population. To assess the impact of study design in estimating treatment effect, we implemented both designs in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink population from 2007-2022. We conducted three ACNU analyses: DPP4i vs. sulfonylureas (SU) (43,204 vs 86,411), DPP4i vs. thiazolidinediones (TZD) (67,288 vs 22,474), and DPP4i vs. sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) (54,253 vs 30,993). The propensity score adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DPP4i were 1.12 (95% CI 0.83-1.50) vs SU, 1.15 (0.66-2.01) vs TZD, and 1.43 (0.83-2.48) vs SGLT2i, over a median follow-up of 2.2 to 6.1 years. In TVE analyses, patients who switched from the comparator to DPP4i were censored at switching and accrued person-time on DPP4i thereafter. We observed similar or higher aHRs for DPP4i vs SU 1.06 (0.80-1.41), TZD 1.76 (0.84-3.78), and SGLT2i 1.62 (0.91-2.90) . Our findings suggest DPP4i does not increase IBD risk and emphasize the crucial role of study design in assessing treatment effect.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principles and practices of returning individual research results to participants in large studies of pregnancy and childhood. 将个人研究成果返还给大型妊娠和儿童研究参与者的原则和做法》（Principles and Practices of Returning Individual Research Results to Participants in Large Studies of Pregnancy and Childhood）。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae228

Clay Mash, Kimberly A McAllister, Sundania Wonnum, Ashley J Vargas, Gaya Dowling, S Sonia Arteaga, Carol J Blaisdell, Kristina K Hardy, Irene Prabhu Das, Tonse N K Raju, Matthew W Gillman

{"title":"Principles and practices of returning individual research results to participants in large studies of pregnancy and childhood.","authors":"Clay Mash, Kimberly A McAllister, Sundania Wonnum, Ashley J Vargas, Gaya Dowling, S Sonia Arteaga, Carol J Blaisdell, Kristina K Hardy, Irene Prabhu Das, Tonse N K Raju, Matthew W Gillman","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae228","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae228","url":null,"abstract":"Investigators conducting human subject research have typically conveyed only clinically actionable results back to individual participants. Shifting scientific culture around viewing participants as partners in research, however, is prompting investigators to consider returning as much data or results as the participant would like, even if they are not clearly actionable. Expanding return of individual results may add value for individual participants and their communities, refine future research questions and methods, build trust, and enhance retention of participants. Yet, gaps remain in understanding the implications of these changes for groups of \"vulnerable\" participants, including pregnant and pediatric participants. Here we present the findings of a National Institutes of Health workshop on returning individual research results, particularly as applicable to pregnant and pediatric participants. Research participants who were panelists at the workshop agreed that they desired to receive their results. Workshop findings and current literature indicate that participants have differing preferences for what results they receive. One way to address the limits of current practice is to develop flexible digital platforms that convey individual results along with researchers' availability to answer questions, and to provide as much information as possible about actionable steps for controlling environmental exposures associated with disease risk.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"830-836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of anticoagulant choice with death in the primary treatment of noncancer venous thromboembolism: Medicare 2011-2018. 抗凝剂选择与非癌症静脉血栓栓塞症初级治疗死亡率的关系：2011-2018年医疗保险。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae268

Rob F Walker, Neil A Zakai, Richard F Maclehose, Faye L Norby, Alvaro Alonso, Pamela L Lutsey

{"title":"Association of anticoagulant choice with death in the primary treatment of noncancer venous thromboembolism: Medicare 2011-2018.","authors":"Rob F Walker, Neil A Zakai, Richard F Maclehose, Faye L Norby, Alvaro Alonso, Pamela L Lutsey","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae268","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae268","url":null,"abstract":"Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; namely, rivaroxaban and apixaban) and warfarin are approved for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. Few direct comparisons exist of DOACs on risk of death among patients with VTE, and for patients with concomitant conditions (eg, kidney disease, liver disease), clinical guidelines are unclear. We evaluated 6-month all-cause mortality by anticoagulant prescribed for primary treatment of VTE. Using data from a 20% sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we created a propensity score-matched analytic data set of 47 860 beneficiaries with noncancer incident VTE. We used Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of OACs with 6-month mortality, and tested interactions by liver and kidney disease. There were 3422 deaths over 6 months of follow-up. In adjusted models, patients prescribed rivaroxaban (HR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90) had lower mortality rates than those prescribed warfarin. There was no association when comparing apixaban with warfarin (HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07). In head-to-head comparisons of apixaban and rivaroxaban, the HR was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Findings were similar among patients with liver and kidney disease. Overall, risk of death was similar by OAC prescribed. Though it is possible residual confounding remained, there was some suggestion of lower risk with rivaroxaban than warfarin. Treatment with DOACs appears safe among patients with VTE who have concomitant kidney or liver disease. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"699-708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal patterns of excess mortality from non-COVID causes of death in the United States, March to December 2020. 2020 年 3 月至 12 月美国非 COVID 死因超额死亡率的时空模式。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae166

Lauren C Zalla, Catherine R Lesko

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of excess mortality from non-COVID causes of death in the United States, March to December 2020.","authors":"Lauren C Zalla, Catherine R Lesko","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae166","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the burden of excess mortality from 17 underlying causes of death between March and December 2020 in the United States and to compare trends in excess deaths from non-COVID causes vs from COVID-19. Using time-series models, we estimated monthly counts of all-cause and cause-specific excess deaths. We stratified by geographic region and compared temporal trends in excess deaths from non-COVID causes to trends in deaths attributed to COVID-19. Of approximately 500 000 excess deaths, 70% were attributed to COVID-19. We observed increases in several underlying causes of death, ranging from a 3% increase in kidney disease deaths to a 24% increase in homicides, as well as decreases in deaths from cancer (-0.3%), influenza and pneumonia (-2%), chronic lower respiratory disease (-3%), and suicide (-7%). Trends in excess deaths from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease closely mirrored trends in deaths from COVID-19. Trends in excess liver disease, homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accident deaths were negatively correlated with trends in deaths from COVID-19. There was wide regional variation in excess death rates for some causes of death, including a disproportionate increase in homicide and motor vehicle accident deaths in the Great Lakes and a sustained reduction in cancer deaths in the Mideast and New England. Increases in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease deaths from March to December 2020 likely reflect health care system disruptions or acute complications of COVID-19. Excess deaths from homicide and liver disease are more likely to reflect social and economic effects of the emerging pandemic or other separate causes.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"779-790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women's Health Study (WENDY)-a protocol of a population-based study assessing gynecological and metabolic health in women in their mid-30s. 妇女健康研究（WENDY）--一项以人群为基础的研究方案，评估 30 岁左右妇女的妇科和新陈代谢健康状况。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae230

Terhi T Piltonen, Maria Ohtamaa, Riikka K Arffman, Lotta Vuokila, Elisa Hurskainen, Minna Männikkö, Laura Huilaja, Suvi-Päivikki Sinikumpu, Tero Rautio, Katariina Kilpivaara, Jari Jokelainen, Eetu Kiviniemi, Pekka Pinola, Minna Törnävä, Elina Komsi, Marika H Kangasniemi, Maria Rajecki, Kaisu Luiro, Jenni Kinnunen, Susanna M Savukoski

{"title":"Women's Health Study (WENDY)-a protocol of a population-based study assessing gynecological and metabolic health in women in their mid-30s.","authors":"Terhi T Piltonen, Maria Ohtamaa, Riikka K Arffman, Lotta Vuokila, Elisa Hurskainen, Minna Männikkö, Laura Huilaja, Suvi-Päivikki Sinikumpu, Tero Rautio, Katariina Kilpivaara, Jari Jokelainen, Eetu Kiviniemi, Pekka Pinola, Minna Törnävä, Elina Komsi, Marika H Kangasniemi, Maria Rajecki, Kaisu Luiro, Jenni Kinnunen, Susanna M Savukoski","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae230","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae230","url":null,"abstract":"The Women's Health Study (WENDY) was conducted to improve insights into women's health and health burden. It provides a unique, comprehensive data source that can be broadly utilized to understand gynecological symptoms, diseases, and their relation to metabolic and overall health more deeply in a population-based setting. The study was conducted in Finland from May 2020 to October 2022. It included 1918 women (33-37 years old) who were born in northern Finland between July 1985 and December 1987. Data collection comprised one 3- to 4-hour study visit that included clinical measurements, biological samples, ultrasound examinations and an extensive questionnaire on gynecological and reproductive history, physical and mental health, quality of life, lifestyles, current life situations, health awareness, and opinions. The study also included a menstrual cycle follow-up and cognitive testing up to 3 months via a mobile application. Given that all participants' data can be linked to all Finnish national registers, and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort participants' data can be linked to the birth cohort data set collected from gestational week 24 onward, WENDY study forms one of the largest data sets worldwide to investigate gynecological and metabolic health burden in women.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"598-607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of selection bias in the recent epidemiologic literature-a selective overview. 近期流行病学文献中选择偏差的演变--选择性概述》（The Evolution of Selection Bias in the Recent Epidemiologic Literature-A Selective Overview.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae282

Haidong Lu, Chanelle J Howe, Paul N Zivich, Gregg S Gonsalves, Daniel Westreich

引用次数: 0

Xu et al respond to "Invited commentary: improving spatial exposure data for everyone-life-course social context and ascertaining residential history". Xu 等人对 "改善每个人的空间暴露数据：生命过程的社会背景和确定居住历史 "的答复。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae243

Wei Xu, Michal Engelman, Kristen Malecki, Christina Kamis, Amy Schultz, Megan Agnew, Sarah Salas

引用次数: 0

The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths. 处方类阿片和大麻供应政策对阿片类药物过量死亡的影响。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae210

Magdalena Cerdá, Katherine Wheeler-Martin, Emilie Bruzelius, Christine M Mauro, Stephen Crystal, Corey S Davis, Samrachana Adhikari, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Katherine M Keyes, Kara E Rudolph, Deborah Hasin, Silvia S Martins

{"title":"The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths.","authors":"Magdalena Cerdá, Katherine Wheeler-Martin, Emilie Bruzelius, Christine M Mauro, Stephen Crystal, Corey S Davis, Samrachana Adhikari, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Katherine M Keyes, Kara E Rudolph, Deborah Hasin, Silvia S Martins","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae210","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae210","url":null,"abstract":"Mandatory prescription drug monitoring programs and cannabis legalization have been hypothesized to reduce overdose deaths. We examined associations between prescription monitoring programs with access mandates (must-query PDMPs), legalization of medical and recreational cannabis supply, and opioid overdose deaths in United States counties in 2013-2020. Using data on overdose deaths from the National Vital Statistics System, we fit Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate risk differences and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) in county-level opioid overdose deaths associated with enactment of these state policies. Must-query PDMPs were independently associated with on average 0.8 (95% CrI, 0.5-1.0) additional opioid-involved overdose deaths per 100 000 person-years. Legal cannabis supply was not independently associated with opioid overdose deaths in this time period. Must-query PDMPs enacted in the presence of legal (medical or recreational) cannabis supply were associated with 0.7 (95% CrI, 0.4-0.9) more opioid-involved deaths relative to must-query PDMPs without any legal cannabis supply. In a time when overdoses are driven mostly by nonprescribed opioids, stricter opioid prescribing policies and more expansive cannabis legalization were not associated with reduced overdose death rates. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"791-801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0