American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第3页

To what extent can attributable fractions in occupational epidemiology be estimated in the absence of key data? 在缺乏关键数据的情况下，职业流行病学的归因分数可以估计到什么程度？

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf188

Isabelle Niedhammer, Hélène Sultan-Taïeb, Yamna Taouk, Anthony D LaMontagne

{"title":"To what extent can attributable fractions in occupational epidemiology be estimated in the absence of key data?","authors":"Isabelle Niedhammer, Hélène Sultan-Taïeb, Yamna Taouk, Anthony D LaMontagne","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf188","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent paper, Ghoroubi et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2025 Jan 8;194(1):302-310) used the indirect attributable fraction (AF) method to provide estimates of fractions of all-cause mortality attributable to work-related factors. This commentary discusses the limitations and potential of this paper, and provides insights and guidance to make optimal use of indirect AF estimation in occupational epidemiology. The crucial steps are the choice of the datasets and input data related to the prevalence of exposure and relative risk (RR), requiring comparability of time period, population characteristics, and the definition and measurement of exposure. Published systematic literature reviews with meta-analyses are essential or, if not available, conducting meta-analyses to provide estimates of RR. Finally, it is important to verify the assumptions for the chosen AF formula including evidence of causality, consideration of confounding and (in)dependence between exposures when several exposures are studied at the same time. We conclude by suggesting that the paper by Ghoroubi et al. may have provided a proof of concept for one work-related factor only, but considerable additional research will be required to represent work-related factors overall.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing PM2.5 Exposure Lowers Dyslipidemia Risk: A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study. 减少PM2.5暴露降低血脂异常风险：一项纵向准实验研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf192

Dezhong Chen, Yiyue Yin, Dongmei Yu, Ling Zhang, Weiyi Chen, Jian Xu, Ting Xiao, Hung Chak Ho, Neil Thomas, Yu Huang, Xiang Qian Lao

{"title":"Reducing PM2.5 Exposure Lowers Dyslipidemia Risk: A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Dezhong Chen, Yiyue Yin, Dongmei Yu, Ling Zhang, Weiyi Chen, Jian Xu, Ting Xiao, Hung Chak Ho, Neil Thomas, Yu Huang, Xiang Qian Lao","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf192","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of improved air quality on lipid health is scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining whether reducing PM2.5 exposure can decrease the risk of dyslipidemia. We conducted a longitudinal quasi-experimental study using the Taiwan MJ and Hong Kong MJ cohorts from 2000 to 2018. A total of 8,808 adults with consistently high PM2.5 exposure (≥ 25 μg/m3) were paired with 4,612 adults whose PM2.5 exposure decreased from high to low levels (< 25 μg/m3) using propensity score matching. Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to analyze the associations between PM2.5 reduction and the risk of dyslipidemia, as well as individual lipid abnormalities. We found that participants with reducing PM2.5 exposure had a significantly lower risk of dyslipidemia compared to their counterparts (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.84). Non-linear concentration-response relationships were observed. Similar associations were found for elevated TC (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.74) and LDL-C (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84), and decreased HDL-C (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.75). Reducing PM2.5 exposure significantly lowers the risk of dyslipidemia and improves lipid profiles, providing direct evidence of the health benefits associated with air quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining the list-experiment and direct question to improve estimation of abortion incidence. 将清单实验法与直接问题法相结合，改进人工流产率的估计。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf185

Heide M Jackson, Michael S Rendall

{"title":"Combining the list-experiment and direct question to improve estimation of abortion incidence.","authors":"Heide M Jackson, Michael S Rendall","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf185","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion has been found to be severely underreported overall, and underreported differentially across groups, when using a direct question. The list-experiment method attempts to overcome these reporting biases indirectly by asking how many items an individual has experienced, but not which, where abortion is one of the items asked to a randomly-assigned 'treatment' group but not to a control group. Abortion incidence is estimated as the difference in the mean number of items reported between the treatment and control groups. If list-experiment respondents are also asked a direct abortion question, a combined-data estimator can be constructed from respondents with and without affirmative responses to the direct question. We assess for four U.S. states how this combined estimator may improve estimation of cumulative lifetime abortion incidence relative to the direct question or the list experiment alone. Our combined-data estimate across the four states is 12.9% (95% CI: 10.5, 15.4), which is substantively and statistically higher than both the list-experiment estimate (11.0%, CI: 8.9, 13.2) and the direct-question estimate (9.6%, CI: 8.6, 10.5). Bias by state is much more variable for the direct question than for the list experiment. We conclude that the combined-data estimator improves estimation especially over the direct question.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using Mobility Devices: A Cross-National Comparison between the United States and China. 社区居住老年人使用移动设备的患病率和特征：美国和中国的跨国比较。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf173

Xinran Liu, Sara E Baumann, Andrea L Rosso, Elizabeth M Venditti, Yao Yao, Steven M Albert

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using Mobility Devices: A Cross-National Comparison between the United States and China.","authors":"Xinran Liu, Sara E Baumann, Andrea L Rosso, Elizabeth M Venditti, Yao Yao, Steven M Albert","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf173","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility disability is a significant global issue, particularly affecting older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to mobility devices and national statistics on their use is limited. Additionally, research on mobility device usage often overlooks cross-national and cultural perspectives. This study aims to address this gap by comparing mobility device usage and associated characteristics among community-dwelling older adults in the United States and China, using harmonized, nationally representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). U.S. older adults exhibited a higher prevalence of mobility device use than those in China (22.2% vs. 16.3%, P<0.001), particularly in the use of walkers (9.9% vs. 0.5%, P<0.001) and wheelchairs (5.0% vs. 1.9%, P<0.001). In both countries, older mobility devices users were significantly more disadvantaged than non-users (Ps<0.001). The sensitivity analysis further reveals that U.S. users were more likely to be obese with a higher burden of chronic diseases, while Chinese users were more likely engaged in work and caregiving tasks rather than recreational activities (Ps<0.001). These findings underscore the widespread disadvantages faced by older mobility devices users in community settings, highlighting the global needs for targeted supports.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Staying sharp: Gendered work-family life courses and later-life cognitive functioning across four European welfare states. 保持敏锐：四个欧洲福利国家的性别工作-家庭生活课程和晚年认知功能。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf194

Giulia Tattarini, Damiano Uccheddu, Ariane Bertogg

{"title":"Staying sharp: Gendered work-family life courses and later-life cognitive functioning across four European welfare states.","authors":"Giulia Tattarini, Damiano Uccheddu, Ariane Bertogg","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf194","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive functioning in later life is influenced by reserves accumulated through employment and family roles over the life course. This study examined men's and women's combined employment, parenthood, and partnership roles between ages 15 and 49, and their associations with later-life memory. We used retrospective and prospective data from nine waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for 5,638 men (24,199 observations) and 6,371 women (27,114 observations) in Italy, France, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Multichannel sequence analysis (MCSQA) and hierarchical clustering identified six work-family life course types for men and nine for women. Random-effects linear regression models indicate that weak labor market attachment is associated with lower memory performance among women, whereas the absence of family roles is more strongly negatively associated with memory among men. Women's cognitive gaps were most pronounced in Italy and least in Sweden and the Netherlands, while men's gaps were greater in Sweden and France. These findings suggest that gendered life courses contribute to different patterns of cognitive and relational reserve accumulation for men and women, and that welfare states buffer the negative consequences of adverse life courses on cognitive health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent and Joint Associations of Key Social Exposome Components with Cognitive Aging: Triangulating Evidence Through Cross-National Data. 关键社会暴露成分与认知衰老的独立和联合关联：通过跨国数据的三角测量证据。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf189

Ruijia Chen, Harold Lee, Jingxuan Wang, Yulin Yang, Sakurako S Okuzono, Kristen Nishimi, Lindsay Kobayashi, M Maria Glymour, Laura D Kubzansky

{"title":"Independent and Joint Associations of Key Social Exposome Components with Cognitive Aging: Triangulating Evidence Through Cross-National Data.","authors":"Ruijia Chen, Harold Lee, Jingxuan Wang, Yulin Yang, Sakurako S Okuzono, Kristen Nishimi, Lindsay Kobayashi, M Maria Glymour, Laura D Kubzansky","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf189","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the independent and joint associations of five key social exposome components, including financial strain, neighborhood disorder, perceived discrimination, social strain, and traumatic life events, with cognitive function levels and decline. Data were from adults aged > 50 in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n=13,795; 2008-2020) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n=9,469; 2006-2019), and adults aged ≥ 65 in their Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) subsamples (HRS-HCAP: n=2,749; 2016; ELSA-HCAP: n=955; 2018). Using linear mixed-effects models and quantile-based g-computation, we found that all components, except traumatic life events, were associated with lower cognitive function. Simultaneously lowering all components by one quartile could improve cognitive function by 0.09 SD units (95% CI: 0.07-0.11) in the HRS, 0.13 SD units (95% CI: 0.10-0.16) in the ELSA, and 0.07 SD units (95% CI: 0.02-0.13) in the HRS-HCAP. Neighborhood disorder had the strongest negative association with cognitive function in the U.S., while financial strain had the strongest association in England. No social exposome components were associated with faster cognitive decline. The associations of key social exposome components with cognitive function were consistent across countries, although the magnitude of the joint association was greater in England.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inequalities in the association Between lifestyles and disability: prospective cohort studies in South Korea and China. 生活方式与残疾之间的不平等关系：韩国和中国的前瞻性队列研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf177

Chengxu Long, Yao Yao, Dongfeng Tang, Yichao Li, Fangfei Chen, Yinghua Xie, Shangfeng Tang

{"title":"Inequalities in the association Between lifestyles and disability: prospective cohort studies in South Korea and China.","authors":"Chengxu Long, Yao Yao, Dongfeng Tang, Yichao Li, Fangfei Chen, Yinghua Xie, Shangfeng Tang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf177","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (N=3,252) and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (N=8,281) from 2008 to 2018, this study employed fixed-effects panel data regressions to examine the differential association between healthy lifestyles and disability across education, income, and place of residence. Our results indicate that adopting one more healthy lifestyle was associated with a 0.1-0.2 point lower disability score among older adults in South Korea (β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.09) and China (β=-0.24, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.21). Specifically, this association was more pronounced among older adults with higher income, lower education, and urban residents, with a significant difference based on the Chow test (p < 0.05). Clinical and public health policies could pay attention to reducing the socioeconomic disparities highlighted in this study through tailored interventions. Our findings suggest that promoting healthy lifestyles among less-educated individuals might yield significant benefits against disability. They underscore the potential of promoting healthy lifestyles to mitigate education-related inequalities in disability within aging societies. We recommend that policymakers consider simultaneously emphasizing the enhancement of health literacy to delay disability onset among vulnerable groups and prevent the risk of low-income households slipping back into poverty.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of safety advisories on the prescribing of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives in the United Kingdom: an interrupted time series analysis. 安全咨询对处方含螺环酮口服避孕药在英国的影响：中断时间序列分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf180

Reem Masarwa, Samuel Igweokpala, Pauline Reynier, Robert W Platt, Kristian B Filion

引用次数: 0

Racial Affinity Caucuses (RACs) as Anti-Racist Pedagogy in an Epidemiology Course. 种族亲和党团会议（RACs）作为流行病学课程中的反种族主义教学法。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf172

Wendy E Barrington, Ramya Kumar, Collrane Frivold, Anne E Massey, Cyrus Mugo, Sarah N Cox, Fredericka A Sesay, Anjum Hajat, Jennifer E Balkus

{"title":"Racial Affinity Caucuses (RACs) as Anti-Racist Pedagogy in an Epidemiology Course.","authors":"Wendy E Barrington, Ramya Kumar, Collrane Frivold, Anne E Massey, Cyrus Mugo, Sarah N Cox, Fredericka A Sesay, Anjum Hajat, Jennifer E Balkus","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf172","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Washington Department of Epidemiology launched a quarterly virtual anti-racism journal club in spring 2020. After two quarters, students expressed concerns that white students dominated discussions. Students and instructors worked together to amplify the voices of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) students using racial affinity caucuses (RACs) as a pedagogical intervention before classroom discussions. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to examine intervention process and determinants as described by students via anonymous course evaluations and the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) to identify \"how is racism operating here?\" across CFIR domains. On a scale of zero to five (0: Very Poor, 5: Excellent), the overall course effectiveness was rated just below 'Excellent' (average: 4.8), while the effectiveness of RACs was rated just below 'Very Good' (average: 3.7). Student comments endorsed the RAC intervention as a CFIR innovation that effectively supported BIPOC students while acknowledging the barriers and facilitators of its implementation. Student and instructor flexibility, humility, courage to engage in praxis, and willingness to learn from failure were essential to implementation. Yet, students rated the course and RAC intervention highly, suggesting that anti-racism praxis can foster classroom learning in an epidemiology classroom.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine therapies and mortality risk in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: benchmarking an observational analysis against a randomized trial. 绝经后乳腺癌妇女的内分泌治疗和死亡风险：针对随机试验的基准观察分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf183

Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Anna B C Humphreys, Camila Olarte Parra, Maria Feychting, Anthony A Matthews

{"title":"Endocrine therapies and mortality risk in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: benchmarking an observational analysis against a randomized trial.","authors":"Ali Al-Kassab-Córdova, Anna B C Humphreys, Camila Olarte Parra, Maria Feychting, Anthony A Matthews","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf183","url":null,"abstract":"Benchmarking an observational analysis against a randomized trial increases our confidence in the use of observational data for causal inference. The Breast International Group (BIG 1-98) randomized trial compared the effect of letrozole and tamoxifen on the risk of death in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. We designed a target trial that aimed to ask the same question as the one asked in BIG 1-98 and emulated it in Swedish registry data. The primary results from our observational analysis showed an increased risk of death in those who initiated aromatase inhibitors compared with tamoxifen [5-year risk difference = 2.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-4.6%)], which was discordant to the results from BIG 1-98. However, estimates were more closely aligned when our observational analysis was restricted to non-users of opioids or antidepressants [risk difference = -0.9 (95% CI, -4.2-2.0)]. In conclusion, when benchmarking an observational analysis against a trial, alignment of eligibility criteria with the index trial is not always sufficient and further study population restrictions may be required to address unmeasured confounding.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0