American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第3页

The evolution of selection bias in the recent epidemiologic literature-a selective overview. 近期流行病学文献中选择偏差的演变--选择性概述》（The Evolution of Selection Bias in the Recent Epidemiologic Literature-A Selective Overview.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae282

Haidong Lu, Chanelle J Howe, Paul N Zivich, Gregg S Gonsalves, Daniel Westreich

引用次数: 0

Xu et al respond to "Invited commentary: improving spatial exposure data for everyone-life-course social context and ascertaining residential history". Xu 等人对 "改善每个人的空间暴露数据：生命过程的社会背景和确定居住历史 "的答复。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae243

Wei Xu, Michal Engelman, Kristen Malecki, Christina Kamis, Amy Schultz, Megan Agnew, Sarah Salas

引用次数: 0

The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths. 处方类阿片和大麻供应政策对阿片类药物过量死亡的影响。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae210

Magdalena Cerdá, Katherine Wheeler-Martin, Emilie Bruzelius, Christine M Mauro, Stephen Crystal, Corey S Davis, Samrachana Adhikari, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Katherine M Keyes, Kara E Rudolph, Deborah Hasin, Silvia S Martins

{"title":"The role of prescription opioid and cannabis supply policies on opioid overdose deaths.","authors":"Magdalena Cerdá, Katherine Wheeler-Martin, Emilie Bruzelius, Christine M Mauro, Stephen Crystal, Corey S Davis, Samrachana Adhikari, Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Katherine M Keyes, Kara E Rudolph, Deborah Hasin, Silvia S Martins","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae210","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae210","url":null,"abstract":"Mandatory prescription drug monitoring programs and cannabis legalization have been hypothesized to reduce overdose deaths. We examined associations between prescription monitoring programs with access mandates (must-query PDMPs), legalization of medical and recreational cannabis supply, and opioid overdose deaths in United States counties in 2013-2020. Using data on overdose deaths from the National Vital Statistics System, we fit Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate risk differences and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) in county-level opioid overdose deaths associated with enactment of these state policies. Must-query PDMPs were independently associated with on average 0.8 (95% CrI, 0.5-1.0) additional opioid-involved overdose deaths per 100 000 person-years. Legal cannabis supply was not independently associated with opioid overdose deaths in this time period. Must-query PDMPs enacted in the presence of legal (medical or recreational) cannabis supply were associated with 0.7 (95% CrI, 0.4-0.9) more opioid-involved deaths relative to must-query PDMPs without any legal cannabis supply. In a time when overdoses are driven mostly by nonprescribed opioids, stricter opioid prescribing policies and more expansive cannabis legalization were not associated with reduced overdose death rates. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"791-801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of different durations of treatment with antihypertensive drugs with anticholinergic effects on the risk of dementia: a target trial emulation study. 具有抗胆碱能作用的抗高血压药物不同疗程对痴呆症风险的影响：目标试验模拟研究

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae263

Jaume Aguado, Lia Gutierrez, Joan Forns, Julia Vila-Guilera, Kenneth J Rothman, Xabier García-Albéniz

{"title":"Effect of different durations of treatment with antihypertensive drugs with anticholinergic effects on the risk of dementia: a target trial emulation study.","authors":"Jaume Aguado, Lia Gutierrez, Joan Forns, Julia Vila-Guilera, Kenneth J Rothman, Xabier García-Albéniz","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae263","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae263","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the effect of duration of treatment on prognostic outcomes using real-world data is challenging because only people who survive for a long time can receive a treatment for a long time. Specifying a target trial helps overcome such challenge. We aimed to estimate the effect of different durations of treatment with antihypertensive drugs with anticholinergic properties (AC AHT) on the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease by emulating a target trial using the UK CPRD GOLD database (2001-2017). Comparing treatment for 3-6 years vs ≤3 years yielded null results for both types of dementia. Comparing a longer duration of treatment, >6 years vs ≤3 years, yielded a 10-year risk ratio of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54-0.90) for vascular dementia and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77-1.10) for Alzheimer's disease. For illustration, we performed an analysis that failed to emulate a target trial by assigning exposure categories using postbaseline information, obtaining implausible beneficial estimates. Our findings indicate a modest benefit of longer duration of treatment with AC AHT on vascular dementia and highlight the value of the target trial emulation to avoid selection bias in the evaluation of the effect of different durations of treatment. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"691-698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative risk of opioid overdose in patients who initiated antibiotics for urinary tract infection while on long-term opioid therapy. 长期阿片类药物治疗期间因尿路感染使用抗生素的患者阿片类药物过量风险的比较。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae248

Nazleen F Khan, Katsiaryna Bykov, Robert J Glynn, Seanna M Vine, Joshua J Gagne

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: target trial emulation-a call for more widespread use. 目标试验仿真：呼吁更广泛地使用。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae222

Amanda Hyre Anderson

{"title":"Invited commentary: target trial emulation-a call for more widespread use.","authors":"Amanda Hyre Anderson","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae222","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae222","url":null,"abstract":"Causal inference methods intended for use with observational data have been widely available for decades, but barriers to their widespread adoption exist. These likely include lack of familiarity with several methodological techniques often used in combination in these investigations, such as inverse probability of treatment weighting and g-estimation, and the intensity of computational effort needed to employ these techniques. Even with these methods, critical design flaws undermine the ability to make valid causal inference in some studies. Identification of the need to explicitly pair study design elements with these causal inference methods led to development of a methodological approach recently termed target trial emulation. This approach requires that investigators define a hypothetical randomized trial, emulate that hypothetical protocol in assembling the cohort and defining study elements, and then conduct an analysis that attempts to mirror random treatment assignment. In the accompanying article by Heindel et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2025;194(3):651-658), the authors successfully emulate a target trial of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation on short-term endpoints by utilizing data from 2 existing randomized trials with key confounders available. Target trial emulation provides a framework with which to promote valid inference and generate high-quality contributions to the literature, and its use should be expanded.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"659-661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor in response to "Variability in sleep duration and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease across the menstrual cycle". 致编辑的信，回应 "整个月经周期中睡眠时间和心血管疾病生物标志物的变化"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae312

Michaela E Larson

引用次数: 0

Re: "Soy intake and urinary sex hormone levels in preschool Japanese children". 回复：“日本学龄前儿童大豆摄入量和尿性激素水平”。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae351

引用次数: 0

Re: Estimation of opioid misuse prevalence in New York State counties, 2007-2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal abundance model approach.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae407

Heather Bradley, Trang Nguyen, Serveh Sharifi Far, Ashly E Jordan, Vivian Kamanu, Ruth King, Lanxin Li, Nicole Luisi, Stephanie Mack, Tomoko Udo, Eli S Rosenberg

引用次数: 0

Causal effects of competing obstetrical interventions: mediators of placental abruption and perinatal mortality. 相互竞争的产科干预措施的因果效应：胎盘早破和围产期死亡率的中介因素。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae273

Cande V Ananth, Wen Wei Loh

{"title":"Causal effects of competing obstetrical interventions: mediators of placental abruption and perinatal mortality.","authors":"Cande V Ananth, Wen Wei Loh","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae273","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae273","url":null,"abstract":"Placental abruption, the premature placental separation, confers increased perinatal mortality risk with preterm delivery as an important pathway through which the risk appears mediated. Although pregnancies complicated by abruption are often delivered through an obstetrical intervention, many deliver spontaneously. We examined the contributions of clinician-initiated (PTDIND) and spontaneous (PTDSPT) preterm delivery at < 37 weeks as competing causal mediators of the abruption-perinatal mortality association. Using the Consortium for Safe Labor (2002-2008) data (n = 203 990; 1.6% with abruption), we applied a potential outcomes-based mediation analysis to decompose the total effect into direct and mediator-specific indirect effects through PTDIND and PTDSPT. Each mediated effect describes the reduction in the counterfactual mortality risk if that preterm delivery subtype was shifted from its distribution under abruption to without abruption. The total effect risk ratio (RR) of abruption on perinatal mortality was 5.4 (95% CI, 4.6-6.3). The indirect effect RRs for PTDIND and PTDSPT were 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.6) and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.5-1.6), respectively; these corresponded to mediated proportions of 25% each. These findings underscore that PTDIND and PTDSPT each play essential roles in shaping perinatal mortality risks associated with placental abruption.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0