American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第3页

Morris responds to "Critical analyses concerning COVID-19 vaccines need to be consistently critical, and informed". 莫里斯回应说：“关于COVID-19疫苗的批判性分析需要始终保持批判性和知情性。”

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf015

Jeffrey S Morris

引用次数: 0

Bespoke instrumental variables with nonideal reference populations. 使用非理想参考人口的定制工具变量。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae247

Arvid Sjölander, Erin E Gabriel

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: race, ethnicity, and racism in epidemiologic research-perspectives from Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP). 特邀评论：流行病学研究中的种族、民族和种族主义--来自公共卫生种族批判实践（PHCRP）的观点。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae064

Chandra L Ford, Whitney N L Pirtle

{"title":"Invited commentary: race, ethnicity, and racism in epidemiologic research-perspectives from Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP).","authors":"Chandra L Ford, Whitney N L Pirtle","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae064","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, Martinez et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(3):483-496) examined trends in the inclusion, conceptualization, operationalization, and analysis of race and ethnicity among studies published in US epidemiology journals. Based on a random sample of articles (n = 1050) published from 1995-2018, the authors describe the treatment of race, ethnicity, and ethnorace in the analytic sample (n = 414, 39% of baseline sample) over time. The review supplies stark evidence of the routine omission and variability of measures of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic research. Between 32% and 19% of studies in each time stratum lacked race data; 61%-34% lacked ethnicity data. Informed by public health critical race praxis (PHCRP), this commentary discusses the implications of 4 problems the findings suggest pervade epidemiology: (1) a general lack of clarity about what race and ethnicity are; (2) the limited use of critical race or other theory; (3) an ironic lack of rigor in measuring race and ethnicity; and (4) the ordinariness of racism and White supremacy in epidemiology. The identified practices reflect neither current publication guidelines nor the state of the knowledge on race, ethnicity and racism; therefore, we conclude by offering recommendations to move epidemiology toward more rigorous research in an increasingly diverse society.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"927-935"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and sex-specific estimated fetal size. 产前有机磷农药暴露与胎儿性别估计大小。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae265

Eleanor A Medley, Leonardo Trasande, Mrudula Naidu, Yuyan Wang, Akhgar Ghassabian, Linda G Kahn, Sara Long, Yelena Afanasyeva, Mengling Liu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Shilpi S Mehta-Lee, Whitney Cowell

{"title":"Prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and sex-specific estimated fetal size.","authors":"Eleanor A Medley, Leonardo Trasande, Mrudula Naidu, Yuyan Wang, Akhgar Ghassabian, Linda G Kahn, Sara Long, Yelena Afanasyeva, Mengling Liu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Shilpi S Mehta-Lee, Whitney Cowell","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae265","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae265","url":null,"abstract":"Prenatal organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure may be associated with reduced fetal growth, although studies are limited and have mixed results. We investigated associations between prenatal OP pesticide exposure and fetal size and modification by fetal sex. Maternal urinary concentrations of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured at 3 time points. Fetal biometrics were obtained from ultrasounds in the second (n = 773) and third (n = 535) trimesters. Associations between pregnancy-averaged ΣDAP and fetal biometry z scores were determined through multiple linear regression. Modification by sex was investigated through stratification and interaction. In the second trimester, one ln-unit increase in ΣDAP was associated with lower estimated fetal weight (-0.15 SD; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.01), head circumference (-0.11 SD; CI, -0.22 to 0.01), biparietal diameter (-0.14 SD; CI, -0.27 to -0.01), and abdominal circumference (-0.12 SD; CI, -0.26 to 0.01) in females. In the third trimester, one ln-unit increase in ΣDAP was associated with lower head circumference (-0.14 SD; CI, -0.28 to 0.00) and biparietal diameter (-0.12 SD; CI, -0.26 to 0.03) in males. Our results suggest that prenatal OP pesticide exposure is negatively associated with fetal growth in a sex-specific manner, with associations present for females in mid-gestation and males in late gestation. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"954-962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Separable effects for adherence. 可分离的坚持效果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae277

Kerollos Nashat Wanis, Mats Julius Stensrud, Aaron Leor Sarvet

引用次数: 0

Venkatapuram responds to "Positive epidemiology, revisited: the case for centering human rights and economic justice". Venkatapuram 回应 "重新审视积极流行病学：以人权和经济正义为中心的案例"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae281

Sridhar Venkatapuram

{"title":"Venkatapuram responds to \"Positive epidemiology, revisited: the case for centering human rights and economic justice\".","authors":"Sridhar Venkatapuram","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae281","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae281","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary responds to the article by Qureishi et al (Am J Epidemol. 2024;193(10):1313-1317) that criticizes a new proposal for \"positive epidemiology.\" They argue that positive epidemiology, as it is being proposed and conducted, ignores supraindividual social contextual factors that constrain the well-being of some individuals more than others, and it could exacerbate inequalities if applied at a population level, among other harms. They offer an alternative approach to defining causal factors that are helpful for well-being and seek to ground their view in human rights and economic justice frameworks. This commentary considers their criticisms of positive epidemiology and suggests that their alternative, as well as all research into positive health and well-being, would benefit from drawing on the ongoing debates and literature in health equity and justice philosophy. A coherent conception of health and well-being, the link between health/well-being and theories of justice, and the capabilities approach are discussed. The efforts at conducting epidemiology for the causes and distribution of good health and well-being grounded in justice are welcomed. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1140-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambient air pollution and depressed mood in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) wave 4. 全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）第四波中的环境空气污染和抑郁情绪。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae314

Wuyue Yu, George Thurston, Yongzhao Shao, Yian Zhang, William E Copeland, Cheryl R Stein

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and depressed mood in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) wave 4.","authors":"Wuyue Yu, George Thurston, Yongzhao Shao, Yian Zhang, William E Copeland, Cheryl R Stein","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae314","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae314","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. There is limited understanding of how environmental exposures may contribute to depression etiology. We used wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine associations between low-level ambient air pollution exposure and depressed mood in a generally healthy population of over 10 000 24-32 year olds. Annual mean PM2.5 levels in the 2008-2009 study were close to the current US standard. In fully adjusted quasibinomial logistic regression models, there were no meaningful associations between IQR increases in air pollutant and change in depressed mood status regardless of specific pollutant or moving average lags. In interaction effects models, an IQR increase in lag day 0-30 PM2.5 resulted in 1.20 (95% CI, 1.02-1.41) times higher likelihood of having depressed mood but only for persons with chronic lung disease (interaction P = .04); the association was null for participants without chronic lung disease (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.05). Our findings suggest that among persons with a lifetime history of chronic lung disease, greater exposure to even low-level PM2.5, PM10, and sulfate may be associated with modest increases in the likelihood of having depressed mood. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"975-983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thirty-five years of leaky vaccines. 特邀评论：疫苗泄漏三十五年。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae379

M Elizabeth Halloran, Claudio J Struchiner

引用次数: 0

The healthy participant effect: insights and results from a population-based case-control study on breast cancer. 健康参与者效应：一项基于人群的乳腺癌病例对照研究的启示和结果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae155

Kevin Maldonado-Cañón, Annika Möhl, Nadia Obi, Sabine Behrens, Fabian Flaßkamp, Petra Seibold, Jenny Chang-Claude, Heiko Becher

{"title":"The healthy participant effect: insights and results from a population-based case-control study on breast cancer.","authors":"Kevin Maldonado-Cañón, Annika Möhl, Nadia Obi, Sabine Behrens, Fabian Flaßkamp, Petra Seibold, Jenny Chang-Claude, Heiko Becher","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae155","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae155","url":null,"abstract":"Agreement to participate in case-control studies has become low. Healthy participant bias resulting from differential response proportions in cases and controls can distort results; however, the magnitude of bias is difficult to assess. We investigated the effect in a large population-based case-control study on breast cancer, with a participation rate of 43.4% and 64.1% for controls and cases, respectively. We performed a mortality follow-up in 2020 for 3813 cases and 7335 controls recruited during 2002-2005. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for overall mortality and selected causes of death were estimated. The mean age at recruitment was 63.1 years. The overall mortality for controls was 0.66 times lower (95% CI, 0.62-0.69) than for the reference population. For causes of death other than breast cancer, SMRs were similar in cases and controls (0.70 and 0.64). Higher education was associated with lower SMRs in both cases and controls. Options for adjusting the healthy participant bias are limited if the true risk factor distribution in the underlying population is unknown. However, a relevant bias in this particular case-control study is considered unlikely since a similar healthy participant effect was observed for both controls and cases.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of social engagement and loneliness with the progression and reversal of frailty: longitudinal investigations of 2 prospective cohorts from the UK and the USA. 社会参与和孤独感与虚弱的发展和逆转之间的关系：对英国和美国两个前瞻性队列的纵向调查。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae221

Ziyi Cai, Anna Olia Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon, Peter H Whincup, Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee, Eleanor M Simonsick, John C Mathers, Sheena E Ramsay

{"title":"Associations of social engagement and loneliness with the progression and reversal of frailty: longitudinal investigations of 2 prospective cohorts from the UK and the USA.","authors":"Ziyi Cai, Anna Olia Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon, Peter H Whincup, Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee, Eleanor M Simonsick, John C Mathers, Sheena E Ramsay","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae221","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae221","url":null,"abstract":"Social connections may impact the dynamic trajectory of frailty. Using data from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) in the UK (n = 715) and the US Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study (n = 1256), we conducted multinominal regression analyses to examine the association of baseline and change in social engagement and loneliness with progression to prefrailty and frailty, as well as their association with reversal to prefrailty and robust status among older adults. A higher level of social engagement at baseline (BRHS: relative risk ratio [RRR] 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.85]; Health ABC: 0.56 [0.45-0.70]) and an increase in social engagement (BRHS: 0.73 [0.59-0.90]; Health ABC: 0.51 [0.41-0.63]) were associated with a lower risk of developing frailty. In BRHS, a higher level of loneliness at baseline (1.42 [1.10-1.83]) and an increase in loneliness (1.50 [1.18-1.90]) raised the risk of developing frailty. For reversal of frailty, higher social engagement at baseline (Health ABC: 1.63 [1.08-2.47]) and an increase in social engagement (BRHS: 1.74 [1.18-2.50]; Health ABC: 1.79 [1.17-.274]) were beneficial. Social connections may be potentially important and modifiable factors in both preventing and reversing progression of frailty in older adults.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"984-993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0