American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第4页

The complexities of comprehensive exams in epidemiology. 流行病学综合考试的复杂性。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag158

Hailey R Banack, Jay S Kaufman, Jacqueline E McLaughlin, Michael B Jarstfer, Lynne C Messer, Matthew P Fox

{"title":"The complexities of comprehensive exams in epidemiology.","authors":"Hailey R Banack, Jay S Kaufman, Jacqueline E McLaughlin, Michael B Jarstfer, Lynne C Messer, Matthew P Fox","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag158","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag158","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive exams are a standard component of doctoral-level training programs in epidemiology. In this manuscript, we describe current practices in the administration of comprehensive examinations across doctoral programs in epidemiology and discuss variation in the content, format, and structure of these exams. We present results from a survey of 33 epidemiology programs about the comprehensive exam process. We also discuss a symposium focused on comprehensive exams that was part of the 2025 Society for Epidemiologic Research annual meeting. The symposium included speakers with specific expertise in designing comprehensive exams, as well as faculty from several different epidemiology programs across North America. The survey found important differences in format (ie, written, oral, general epidemiology, substantive topics), when the exams are administered, and the level of epidemiology knowledge targeted. In this manuscript, we also discuss common challenges programs face, including developing and grading exams. By sharing this information with a wide audience of epidemiologists, we aim to facilitate discussion to improve the comprehensive exam process for doctoral students in our field. This work also fits with a broader goal to initiate discussion about doctoral-level training in epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2616-2621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response to letter to the editor, "Challenges of coding industry and occupation in epidemiologic studies". 对致编辑的信的回应，“流行病学研究中编码行业和职业的挑战”。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag167

Aarushi Joshi, Anissa I Vines

引用次数: 0

Depression at the intersection of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation in a nationally representative sample of US adults: a design-weighted intersectional MAIHDA. 美国成年人中具有全国代表性的种族/民族、性/性别和性取向交叉点的抑郁症：设计加权交叉MAIHDA

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag144

F Hunter McGuire, Ariel L Beccia, Ja Niene Peoples, Matthew R Williams, Megan S Schuler, Alexis E Duncan

{"title":"Depression at the intersection of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation in a nationally representative sample of US adults: a design-weighted intersectional MAIHDA.","authors":"F Hunter McGuire, Ariel L Beccia, Ja Niene Peoples, Matthew R Williams, Megan S Schuler, Alexis E Duncan","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag144","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation intersect under interlocking systems of oppression to socially pattern depression among US adults. With cross-sectional data from the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; n=234 722), we conducted design-weighted multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) under an intersectional framework to predict past-year and lifetime major depressive episode (MDE). With 42 intersectional groups constructed from seven race/ethnicity, two sex/gender, and three sexual orientation categories, we estimated age-standardized prevalence and excess/reduced prevalence attributable to two-way or higher interaction effects. Models revealed heterogeneity across groups, with prevalence ranging from 2.9-27.3% (past-year) and 5.9-43.1% (lifetime). Approximately 12.7% (past-year) and 12.5% (lifetime) of total individual variance were attributable to between-group differences, indicating key relevance of intersectional groups in describing the population distribution of depression. Main effects indicated, on average, people who were White, women, gay/lesbian, or bisexual had greater odds of MDE. Main effects explained most between-group variance. Interaction effects (past-year: 10.1%; lifetime: 16.5%) indicated a further source of heterogeneity around averages with groups experiencing excess/reduced prevalence compared to main effects expectations. We extend the MAIHDA framework to calculate nationally representative estimates from complex sample survey data using design-weighted, Bayesian methods.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2668-2680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The long half-life of neighborhood poverty: duration, timing, and biological aging. 社区贫困的长半衰期：持续时间、时间和生物老化。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag182

Beza A Taddess, Adam M Lippert

{"title":"The long half-life of neighborhood poverty: duration, timing, and biological aging.","authors":"Beza A Taddess, Adam M Lippert","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag182","url":null,"abstract":"Point-in-time measures of neighborhood poverty exposure suggest a link with physiological aging, but it remains unclear how histories and the timing of residential disadvantage connect to weathering. In this issue, D'Alessio et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2026;kwag176) use 25 years of prospective residential data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to link neighborhood poverty across adolescence, early adulthood, and early midlife to three epigenetic clocks. They identify selective dose-response relationships. Each additional life stage in a high-poverty tract is associated with accelerated biological aging, and exposure is distributed with sharp racial inequality. The per-stage effect is modest in individual terms but consequential at population scale. Its unequal allocation makes residential segregation a plausible epigenetic mechanism of population-level racial disparities in aging. We argue that-despite its considerable strengths-the study leaves 2 questions unresolved. First, does health-selective residential mobility drive part of the association? Second, does the prominence of midlife exposure reflect a true sensitive period, or the fact that midlife poverty is measured in close proximity to biospecimen collection? We outline potential follow-up work that could address these questions via structured life-course methods and better-powered cohorts with tract-linked data, including Add Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2558-2561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

US cardiovascular mortality before and during COVID-19: CDC WONDER vs GBD comparison. 美国在COVID-19之前和期间的心血管死亡率：CDC WONDER与GBD的比较

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag153

Mirza Mohammad Ali Baig, Muhammad Umar, Carol Wright Becker, Salim S Virani, Dmitry Abramov, Xiaoming Jia, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas

引用次数: 0

Validation of a self-harm prediction model in Black youth seeking outpatient mental health care. 寻求门诊精神卫生保健的黑人青年自我伤害预测模型的验证。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag162

Carlisha Hall, Robert Wellman, Maricela Cruz, Susan M Shortreed, Gregory E Simon, Brian D Williamson, Rodney Yeargans, Brian K Ahmedani, Jennifer M Boggs, Karen J Coleman, Yihe G Daida, Frances Lynch, Rebecca Rossom, Stacy Sterling, R Yates Coley

引用次数: 0

Epidemiologic research questions are too often a ticket to nowhere. 流行病学研究的问题往往是行不通的。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag248

Jeremy A Labrecque

引用次数: 0

Five misconceptions about categorizing exposure variables measured with error in epidemiological research. 流行病学研究中对暴露变量进行误差测量的五种误解。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag071

Anne C M Thiébaut, Hendriek C Boshuizen, Douglas Midthune, Michael P Wallace, Victor Kipnis, Paul Gustafson

{"title":"Five misconceptions about categorizing exposure variables measured with error in epidemiological research.","authors":"Anne C M Thiébaut, Hendriek C Boshuizen, Douglas Midthune, Michael P Wallace, Victor Kipnis, Paul Gustafson","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag071","url":null,"abstract":"In the analysis of epidemiological studies, categorizing continuous exposures, using either data-driven quantiles or predefined thresholds, is a common practice. Although an abundant literature describes pitfalls of categorization, substantial concerns which have not been adequately addressed arise when the original continuous exposure is measured with error. Measurement error in a continuous exposure leads to misclassification following categorization. This paper aims to dispel five misconceptions regarding the impact of measurement error in a continuous exposure that is categorized. First, that categorization could help infer the functional form of an exposure-outcome association. Second, that misclassification resulting from categorizing a continuous exposure with non-differential measurement error will also be non-differential (ie, independent from the outcome). Third, that categorization will necessarily mitigate the impact of measurement error compared to the continuous case. Fourth, that comparing extreme quantiles instead of comparing adjacent quantiles may reduce bias. Finally, that an estimated association is necessarily attenuated (toward the null), which we argue only holds in regressions with one mismeasured exposure (and may even be reversed in the presence of error-prone confounders). Consequently, epidemiologists who categorize continuous error-prone exposures should be aware of those misconceptions and appropriately discuss the expected impact of categorization on the estimated exposure-outcome associations.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2632-2639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mortality risk and loss in life expectancy associated with poor oral health: a population-based epidemiologic follow-up study. 与口腔健康不良相关的死亡风险和预期寿命减少：一项基于人群的流行病学随访研究

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag109

Ying Zhou, Juan Wang, Wen Hu, Shili Zhou, Hongkun Di, Qi Wu, Tianzhu Qin, Qingsong Ye, Zhilei Shan

{"title":"Mortality risk and loss in life expectancy associated with poor oral health: a population-based epidemiologic follow-up study.","authors":"Ying Zhou, Juan Wang, Wen Hu, Shili Zhou, Hongkun Di, Qi Wu, Tianzhu Qin, Qingsong Ye, Zhilei Shan","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag109","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag109","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that oral health is associated with mortality. However, evidence is lacking on the association between comprehensive oral health indicators and mortality and life expectancy. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018 (adults aged ≥40 years). Oral health was assessed based on tooth loss, periodontitis, self-rated oral health, and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Mortality status was linked to the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between oral health and mortality. Life expectancy was calculated using the life tables. Over 8.3 years (mean follow-up), 3345 deaths occurred. Compared to those with 0-1 tooth lost, no periodontitis, good self-rated oral health, and a very low DMFT index, the risk of all-cause mortality for individuals with 22-28 teeth lost, severe periodontitis, poor self-rated oral health, and high DMFT index increased by 59%-89%, resulting in an estimated loss of life expectancy of 4.6-6.4 years at age 50. This study found that poor oral health was associated with a higher risk of mortality and a shorter life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2537-2548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges of coding industry and occupation in epidemiologic studies. 流行病学研究中编码行业和职业的挑战。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag146

Laurel Harduar Morano, Dawn P Misra, Candice Y Johnson

引用次数: 0