American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第4页

Learning optimal dynamic treatment regimes from longitudinal data. 从纵向数据中学习最佳动态治疗方案。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae122

Nicholas T Williams, Katherine L Hoffman, Iván Díaz, Kara E Rudolph

{"title":"Learning optimal dynamic treatment regimes from longitudinal data.","authors":"Nicholas T Williams, Katherine L Hoffman, Iván Díaz, Kara E Rudolph","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae122","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae122","url":null,"abstract":"Investigators often report estimates of the average treatment effect (ATE). While the ATE summarizes the effect of a treatment on average, it does not provide any information about the effect of treatment within any individual. A treatment strategy that uses an individual's information to tailor treatment to maximize benefit is known as an optimal dynamic treatment rule (ODTR). Treatment, however, is typically not limited to a single point in time; consequently, learning an optimal rule for a time-varying treatment may involve not just learning the extent to which the comparative treatments' benefits vary across the characteristics of individuals, but also learning the extent to which the comparative treatments' benefits vary as relevant circumstances evolve within an individual. The goal of this paper is to provide a tutorial for estimating ODTR from longitudinal observational and clinical trial data for applied researchers. We describe an approach that uses a doubly robust unbiased transformation of the conditional ATE. We then learn a time-varying ODTR for when to increase buprenorphine-naloxone dose to minimize a return to regular opioid use among patients with opioid use disorder. Our analysis highlights the utility of ODTRs in the context of sequential decision-making: The learned ODTR outperforms a clinically defined strategy. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1768-1775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population attributable fraction of total stroke associated with modifiable risk factors in the United States. 美国与可改变的风险因素相关的总中风人口可归因比例。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae132

Mark Lee, Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, Sanaz Sedaghat, Behnam Sabayan, Lin Yee Chen, Michelle C Johansen, Rebecca F Gottesman, Susan R Heckbert, Jeffrey R Misialek, Moyses Szklo, Pamela L Lutsey

{"title":"Population attributable fraction of total stroke associated with modifiable risk factors in the United States.","authors":"Mark Lee, Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, Sanaz Sedaghat, Behnam Sabayan, Lin Yee Chen, Michelle C Johansen, Rebecca F Gottesman, Susan R Heckbert, Jeffrey R Misialek, Moyses Szklo, Pamela L Lutsey","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae132","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States across all race/ethnicity and sex groups, though disparities exist. We investigated the potential for primary prevention of total first stroke for Americans aged 20 years or older, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Specifically, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of first stroke for 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. Population attributable fractions are a function of (1) the relative risk of first stroke for people with the exposure and (2) the prevalence of the risk factor in the population. Relative risks came from recent meta-analyses, and sex- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence estimates came from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (for atrial fibrillation only). Approximately one-third of strokes (35.7% [95% CI, 21.6-49.0] for women; 32.7% [95% CI, 19.2-45.1] for men) were attributable to the 7 risk factors we considered. A 20% proportional reduction in stroke risk factors would result in approximately 37 000 fewer strokes annually in the United States. The estimated PAF was highest for non-Hispanic Black women (39.3%; 95% CI, 24.8-52.3) and lowest for non-Hispanic Asian men (25.5%; 95% CI, 14.6-36.2). For most groups, obesity and hypertension were the largest contributors to stroke rates.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1712-1719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio intakes and irritable bowel syndrome risk: a large-scale prospective cohort study from UK Biobank.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae412

Yan Zhuang, Laifu Li, Yan Ran, Yanqi Zhang, Jiamiao Chen, Xuna Liu, Beibei Zeng, Boxu Zhu, Fei Dai

{"title":"Dietary copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio intakes and irritable bowel syndrome risk: a large-scale prospective cohort study from UK Biobank.","authors":"Yan Zhuang, Laifu Li, Yan Ran, Yanqi Zhang, Jiamiao Chen, Xuna Liu, Beibei Zeng, Boxu Zhu, Fei Dai","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae412","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have suggested that dietary copper and zinc intakes may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), however, prospective evidence is lacking. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between dietary copper, zinc, and copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio intakes and the development of IBS in a long-term cohort. A total of 175,421 participants in the UK Biobank without IBS at baseline were included. Dietary intake was assessed by the Oxford WebQ. New-onset IBS was identified using ICD-10 codes (K58). Cox proportional hazard models were applied. During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 2240 individuals were newly diagnosed with IBS. Copper, zinc, and Cu/Zn ratio intakes all showed U-shaped relationships with IBS incidence. When copper intake <1.5 mg/day and zinc intake <10 mg/day, the risk of IBS significantly decreased with increasing copper and zinc intakes [HR copper (95%CI), 0.791(0.647,0.967); HR zinc (95%CI), 0.967(0.937,0.998)]. No significant association was found when copper intake ≥1.5 mg/day and zinc intake ≥10 mg/day. Subgroup analysis suggested a moderate increase in zinc intake was more helpful for preventing IBS in < 60-year-old participants. Moderately increasing dietary zinc intake and maintaining dietary copper and Cu/Zn ratio in a reasonable range is beneficial in reducing IBS incidence.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood-level fatal police violence and severe maternal morbidity in California. 加利福尼亚州邻里一级的致命警察暴力和严重孕产妇发病率。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae124

Elleni M Hailu, Corinne A Riddell, Curisa Tucker, Jennifer Ahern, Patrick T Bradshaw, Suzan L Carmichael, Mahasin S Mujahid

{"title":"Neighborhood-level fatal police violence and severe maternal morbidity in California.","authors":"Elleni M Hailu, Corinne A Riddell, Curisa Tucker, Jennifer Ahern, Patrick T Bradshaw, Suzan L Carmichael, Mahasin S Mujahid","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae124","url":null,"abstract":"Police violence is a pervasive issue that may have adverse implications for severe maternal morbidity (SMM). We assessed how the occurrence of fatal police violence (FPV) in one's neighborhood before or during pregnancy may influence SMM risk. Hospital discharge records from California between 2002 and 2018 were linked with the Fatal Encounters database (n = 2 608 682). We identified 2184 neighborhoods (census tracts) with at least 1 FPV incident during the study period and used neighborhood fixed-effects models adjusting for individual sociodemographic characteristics to estimate odds of SMM associated with experiencing FPV in one's neighborhood anytime within the 24 months before childbirth. We did not find conclusive evidence on the link between FPV occurrence before delivery and SMM. However, estimates show that birthing people residing in neighborhoods where 1 or more FPV events had occurred within the preceding 24 months of giving birth may have mildly elevated odds of SMM than those residing in the same neighborhoods with no FPV occurrence during the 24 months preceding childbirth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.05), particularly among those living in neighborhoods with fewer FPV incidents (1-2) throughout the study period (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06). Our findings provide evidence for the need to continue to examine the population health consequences of police violence.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1675-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depression at the intersection of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation in a nationally representative sample of US adults: a design-weighted intersectional MAIHDA. 具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本中种族/民族、性别和性取向交叉影响下的抑郁症：设计加权交叉性 MAIHDA。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae121

F Hunter McGuire, Ariel L Beccia, JaNiene E Peoples, Matthew R Williams, Megan S Schuler, Alexis E Duncan

{"title":"Depression at the intersection of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation in a nationally representative sample of US adults: a design-weighted intersectional MAIHDA.","authors":"F Hunter McGuire, Ariel L Beccia, JaNiene E Peoples, Matthew R Williams, Megan S Schuler, Alexis E Duncan","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae121","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae121","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and sexual orientation intersect under interlocking systems of oppression to socially pattern depression among US adults. With cross-sectional data from the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 234 722), we conducted a design-weighted, multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) under an intersectional framework to predict past-year and lifetime major depressive episodes (MDEs). With 42 intersectional groups constructed from 7 race/ethnicity, 2 sex/gender, and 3 sexual orientation categories, we estimated age-standardized prevalence and excess or reduced prevalence attributable to 2-way or higher interaction effects. Models revealed heterogeneity across groups, with prevalence ranging from 1.9% to 19.7% (past-year) and 4.5% to 36.5% (lifetime). Approximately 12.7% (past year) and 12.5% (lifetime) of total individual variance was attributable to between-group differences, indicating key relevance of intersectional groups in describing the population distribution of depression. Main effects indicated, on average, that people who were White, women, gay/lesbian, or bisexual had greater odds of MDE. Main effects explained most between-group variance. Interaction effects (past year: 10.1%; lifetime: 16.5%) indicated another source of heterogeneity around main effects average values, with some groups experiencing excess or reduced prevalence compared with main effects expectations. We extend the MAIHDA framework to calculate nationally representative estimates from complex sample survey data using design-weighted, Bayesian methods. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1662-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of caffeine consumption behavior with plasma caffeine levels as exposure measures in drug-target mendelian randomization. 将咖啡因摄入行为与血浆咖啡因水平作为药物-目标孟德尔随机化的暴露测量指标进行比较。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae143

Benjamin Woolf, Héléne T Cronjé, Loukas Zagkos, Susanna C Larsson, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess

{"title":"Comparison of caffeine consumption behavior with plasma caffeine levels as exposure measures in drug-target mendelian randomization.","authors":"Benjamin Woolf, Héléne T Cronjé, Loukas Zagkos, Susanna C Larsson, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae143","url":null,"abstract":"Mendelian randomization is an epidemiologic technique that can explore the potential effect of perturbing a pharmacological target. Plasma caffeine levels can be used as a biomarker to measure the pharmacological effects of caffeine. Alternatively, this can be assessed using a behavioral proxy, such as average number of caffeinated drinks consumed per day. Either variable can be used as the exposure in a Mendelian randomization investigation, and to select which genetic variants to use as instrumental variables. Another possibility is to choose variants in gene regions with known biological relevance to caffeine level regulation. These choices affect the causal question that is being addressed by the analysis, and the validity of the analysis assumptions. Further, even when using the same genetic variants, the sign of Mendelian randomization estimates (positive or negative) can change depending on the choice of exposure. Some genetic variants that decrease caffeine metabolism associate with higher levels of plasma caffeine, but lower levels of caffeine consumption, as individuals with these variants require less caffeine consumption for the same physiological effect. We explore Mendelian randomization estimates for the effect of caffeine on body mass index, and discuss implications for variant and exposure choice in drug target Mendelian randomization investigations.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1776-1784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On adjustment for temperature in heat-wave epidemiology: a new method for estimating the health effects of heat waves. 关于热浪流行病学中的气温调整：一种新方法，旨在澄清热浪对健康影响的估算方法。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae078

Honghyok Kim, Michelle L Bell

{"title":"On adjustment for temperature in heat-wave epidemiology: a new method for estimating the health effects of heat waves.","authors":"Honghyok Kim, Michelle L Bell","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae078","url":null,"abstract":"Defining the effect of an exposure of interest and selecting an appropriate estimation method are prerequisites for causal inference. Current understanding of the ways in which an association between heat waves (ie, consecutive days of extremely high temperature) and an outcome depends on whether adjustment was made for temperature and how such adjustment was conducted is limited. In this paper we aim to investigate this dependency, demonstrate that temperature is a confounder in heat-wave-outcome associations, and introduce a new modeling approach with which to estimate a new heat-wave-outcome relationship: E[R(Y)|HW = 1, Z]/E[R(Y)|T = OT, Z], where HW is a daily binary variable used to indicate the presence of a heat wave; R(Y) is the risk of an outcome, Y; T is a temperature variable; OT is optimal temperature; and Z is a set of confounders including typical confounders but also some types of T as a confounder. We recommend characterization of heat-wave-outcome relationships and careful selection of modeling approaches to understand the impacts of heat waves under climate change. We demonstrate our approach using real-world data for Seoul, South Korea. Our demonstration suggests that the total effect of heat waves may be larger than what may be inferred from the extant literature. An R package, HEAT, has been developed and made publicly available. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1814-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Getting precise about gender and sex measurement: a primer for epidemiologists. 精确测量性别和社会性别：流行病学家入门指南》。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae144

Arjee J Restar, Elle Lett, Neia Prata Menezes, Andrea R Molino, Tonia C Poteat, Lorraine T Dean, Jennifer L Glick, Kellan E Baker, S Wilson Cole

引用次数: 0

Erratum: "Moving toward findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable practices in epidemiologic research". 勘误："在流行病学研究中走向可查找、可访问、可互操作、可重复使用的实践"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae103

Montserrat García-Closas, Thomas U Ahearn, Mia M Gaudet, Amber N Hurson, Jeya Balaji Balasubramanian, Parichoy Pal Choudhury, Nicole M Gerlanc, Bhaumik Patel, Daniel Russ, Mustapha Abubakar, Neal D Freedman, Wendy S W Wong, Stephen J Chanock, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Jonas S Almeida

引用次数: 0

Fiber-type prebiotics and gynecological and breast cancers risk: the PrebiotiCa study. 纤维类益生元与妇科和乳腺癌风险：PrebiotiCa 研究。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae130

Federica Turati, Giovanna Esposito, Federica Concina, Federica Fiori, Maria Parpinel, Fabio Parazzini, Anna Crispo, Eva Negri, Diego Serraino, Carlo La Vecchia

{"title":"Fiber-type prebiotics and gynecological and breast cancers risk: the PrebiotiCa study.","authors":"Federica Turati, Giovanna Esposito, Federica Concina, Federica Fiori, Maria Parpinel, Fabio Parazzini, Anna Crispo, Eva Negri, Diego Serraino, Carlo La Vecchia","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae130","url":null,"abstract":"Prebiotics may influence the risk of hormone-related female cancers by modulating the gut microbiota involved in estrogen metabolism. We evaluated the association of fiber-type prebiotic intake with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Data derived from a network of Italian hospital-based case-control studies (1991-2006), including 2560 cases of cancer of the breast (n = 2588 control participants), 454 of the endometrium (n = 908 control participants), and 1031 of the ovary (n = 2411 control participants). Inulin-type fructans and selected fructo-oligosaccharides (namely, nystose, kestose, and 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose) and galacto-oligosaccharides (namely, raffinose and stachyose) were quantified in food products via laboratory analyses. Prebiotic intake was estimated by multiplying intake according to food frequency questionnaire responses by the foods' prebiotic content. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% CIs were derived by multiple logistic regression models. Nystose intake was marginally directly associated with breast (for quartile 4 vs quartile 1: OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45), ovarian (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.84), and endometrial (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.85-2.03) cancer risk. High amounts of 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose intake were inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.85). Inulin-type fructans, kestose, raffinose, and stachyose were not associated with the 3 cancers. The intake of most fiber-type prebiotics was not appreciably and consistently associated with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer risks. This article is part of a Special Collection on Gynecological Cancer.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1693-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0