American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第4页

Correction to: Omics feature selection with the extended SIS R package: identification of a body mass index epigenetic multimarker in the Strong Heart Study. 修正：扩展SIS R包的组学特征选择：在强心脏研究中确定体重指数表观遗传多标记。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf121

引用次数: 0

Modern sources of controls in case-control studies. 病例对照研究中对照的现代来源。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae437

Hailey R Banack, Matthew P Fox, Robert W Platt, Michael D Garber, Xiaojuan Li, Jonathan Schildcrout, Ellicott C Matthay

{"title":"Modern sources of controls in case-control studies.","authors":"Hailey R Banack, Matthew P Fox, Robert W Platt, Michael D Garber, Xiaojuan Li, Jonathan Schildcrout, Ellicott C Matthay","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae437","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae437","url":null,"abstract":"In 1992, Wacholder et al. developed a theoretical framework for case-control studies to minimize bias in control selection. They described 3 comparability principles (study base, deconfounding, and comparable accuracy) to reduce the potential for selection bias, confounding, and information bias in case-control studies. Wacholder et al. explained how these principles apply to traditional sources of control participants for case-control studies, including population controls, hospital controls, controls from a medical practice, friend or relative controls, and deceased controls. The goal of the present article is to extend this seminal work on case-control studies by providing a modern perspective on sources of control participants. Today, there are many more potential sources of control participants s for case-control studies than there were in the 1990s. This is due to technological advances in computing power, internet access, and availability of \"big data\" resources. These advances have vastly expanded the quantity and diversity of data available for case-control studies. We discuss control selection from electronic health records, health insurance claims databases, publicly available online data sources, and social media-based data. We focus on practical considerations for unbiased control selection, emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of each modern source of controls for case-control studies.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2631-2640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating heterogeneous effects of an expanded methadone access policy with opioid treatment program retention: a Rhode Island population-based retrospective cohort study. 调查扩大美沙酮获取政策与阿片类药物治疗计划保留的异质效应：罗德岛州基于人群的回顾性队列研究。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf092

Bennett Allen, Noa Krawczyk, Cale Basaraba, Victoria A Jent, Jesse L Yedinak, William C Goedel, Maxwell Krieger, Claire Pratty, Alexandria Macmadu, Elizabeth A Samuels, Brandon D L Marshall, Daniel B Neill, Magdalena Cerdá

{"title":"Investigating heterogeneous effects of an expanded methadone access policy with opioid treatment program retention: a Rhode Island population-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Bennett Allen, Noa Krawczyk, Cale Basaraba, Victoria A Jent, Jesse L Yedinak, William C Goedel, Maxwell Krieger, Claire Pratty, Alexandria Macmadu, Elizabeth A Samuels, Brandon D L Marshall, Daniel B Neill, Magdalena Cerdá","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf092","url":null,"abstract":"Following federal regulatory changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, Rhode Island expanded methadone access for opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in March 2020. The policy, which permitted take-home dosing for patients, contrasted with longstanding restrictions on methadone. This study used patient-level OTP admission and discharge records to compare six-month retention before and after the policy change. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1248 patients newly admitted to OTPs between March 18 and June 30 of 2019 (pre-policy) and 2020 (post-policy). We used logistic regression to estimate associations with retention before and after the policy and used a machine learning approach, the heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE)-Scan, to explore heterogeneity in retention across subgroups. Overall, we found no change in retention following the policy, with an adjusted OR of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.80, 1.45) and adjusted RR of 1.03 (0.90-1.18). Using HTE-Scan, we identified two subgroups with significantly increased retention above the overall cohort: (1) patients with below high-school education and past-month arrest and (2) male, non-Hispanic white or Hispanic/Latino patients reporting heroin or fentanyl use with past-month arrest. We identified no subgroups with significantly decreased retention. Collectively, findings suggest that expanded methadone access may benefit vulnerable populations without harming overall retention.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2744-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial and demographic heterogeneity in excess mortality in the United States, 2020-2023: a multimodel approach. 2020-2023 年美国超额死亡率的空间和人口异质性：一种多模型方法。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae422

Sasikiran Kandula, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Gunnar Rø, Marissa LeBlanc, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio

{"title":"Spatial and demographic heterogeneity in excess mortality in the United States, 2020-2023: a multimodel approach.","authors":"Sasikiran Kandula, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Gunnar Rø, Marissa LeBlanc, Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae422","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae422","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we assessed the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States between 2020 and 2023 through estimates of excess all-cause mortality. Monthly mortality rates over a 19-year period, stratified by age, sex, and state of residence, were used to predict expected mortality for the pandemic years. A combination of models-2 timeseries, a spatial random-effects and a generalized additive-was used to better capture uncertainty. Results indicate that the national excess mortality for the United States decreased in 2023 to 157 000 (95% prediction interval: 35 000-282 000) from 502 000 (436 000-567 000), 574 000 (484 000-666 000) and 377 000 (264 000-484 000) during the years 2020-2022, respectively. Unlike in previous years, deaths with COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death possibly accounted for all excess deaths during 2023. While for the older age groups (>75 years), the year 2020-before vaccines were available-had the highest excess mortality rate, and the 2 younger age groups had the highest excess mortality in 2021. In each age group, women were estimated to have consistently lower excess mortality than men. West Virginia had the highest age-standardized excess mortality among all states in 2021 and 2022. Our findings demonstrate the value of a multimodel approach in capturing heterogeneity in excess mortality.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2560-2569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories using sequence and cluster analysis, 1996-2016, 50 US states and Washington, DC, and associations with health status and health care outcomes. 利用序列和聚类分析描述 1996-2016 年美国 50 个州和华盛顿特区的州级结构性顺两性主义轨迹，以及与健康状况和医疗保健结果的关联。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae434

Dougie Zubizarreta, Ariel L Beccia, Anusha M Vable, Allegra R Gordon, S Bryn Austin

{"title":"Characterizing state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories using sequence and cluster analysis, 1996-2016, 50 US states and Washington, DC, and associations with health status and health care outcomes.","authors":"Dougie Zubizarreta, Ariel L Beccia, Anusha M Vable, Allegra R Gordon, S Bryn Austin","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae434","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae434","url":null,"abstract":"Structural cisheterosexism is a root cause of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health inequities. Amidst ongoing legal attacks on LGBTQ populations' rights, research is needed to examine changes in policy contexts over time and associated implications for population health and inequities. To address this gap, we constructed state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories for each US state and Washington, DC, for the period 1996 to 2016. We used sequence analysis to quantify differences between trajectories and cluster analysis to group similar trajectories. We evaluated associations between trajectory clusters and individual-level health outcomes (ie, self-rated health, frequent mental distress, lacking insurance, lacking a doctor, avoiding care due to cost) from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in the overall sample and by LGBTQ status (LGBTQ vs cisheterosexual), using multilevel logistic models. From 38 unique trajectories, we identified 5 trajectory clusters: \"consistently predominantly discriminatory\"; \"consistently fairly discriminatory\"; \"moderate with increasing protection\"; \"discriminatory change to fairly protective\"; and \"fairly discriminatory change to predominantly protective.\" Overall, health and health care was worse in states characterized by consistently discriminatory laws compared with states with increasingly protective laws, and disproportionately so for LGBTQ people. Findings underscore the need to abolish harmful, cisheterosexist state laws and enact protective laws to advance LGBTQ health equity. More broadly, this study demonstrates the utility of sequence and cluster analysis for assessing long-term population health impacts of structural-level determinants. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2608-2620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco. 在旧金山对男男性行为者进行实体与虚拟场所招募时的样本组成和 HIV 预防指标差异。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae443

Izzy Chiu, Moranda Tate, Dillon Trujillo, Bow Suprasert, Alex Marr, Sean Arayasirikul, Erin C Wilson, Henry F Raymond, Willi McFarland

{"title":"Sample composition and HIV prevention indicator differences using physical vs virtual venue recruitment of men who have sex with men in San Francisco.","authors":"Izzy Chiu, Moranda Tate, Dillon Trujillo, Bow Suprasert, Alex Marr, Sean Arayasirikul, Erin C Wilson, Henry F Raymond, Willi McFarland","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae443","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae443","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sampling method for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in San Francisco changed from physical venue time-location sampling (TLS) to online or virtual venue TLS for men who have sex with men (MSM). We present differences in the samples of MSM recruited using physical venue TLS in 2017 and virtual venue TLS in 2021. We further assess changes in preventive and risk behaviors from 2017 to 2021 after controlling for differences in the sample compositions with multivariable Poisson models using generalized linear models with robust standard errors. Both sampling methods exceeded their targeted sample size of 500 (physical venue TLS n = 502, virtual venue TLS n = 505). Compared to physical venue TLS, the virtual venue TLS sample had fewer persons experiencing homelessness and incarceration, and more persons with health insurance and postgraduate degrees. After adjusting for these differences and age, race, and employment status, pre-exposure prophylaxis use increased from 2017 to 2021. The use of several noninjection drugs also increased, namely marijuana, poppers, ketamine, psilocybin, and LSD. We found virtual venue recruitment of MSM to be a viable approach for tracking trends in HIV-related behaviors, with notable appeal given possible future pandemic lockdowns of physical venues and changing socialization patterns.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2650-2658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The importance and challenges of using natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policy: a commentary on Schwartz and Chu's "Do laws protecting tenants' health work?: Implied warranties of habitability and respiratory health". 利用自然实验评估住房政策对健康的影响的重要性和挑战。施瓦茨和朱棣文《保护房客健康的法律有效吗？》：可居住性和呼吸健康的隐含保证”。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf134

Rebecca Bentley, Kate Mason

{"title":"The importance and challenges of using natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policy: a commentary on Schwartz and Chu's \"Do laws protecting tenants' health work?: Implied warranties of habitability and respiratory health\".","authors":"Rebecca Bentley, Kate Mason","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf134","url":null,"abstract":"Housing policy remains underutilized as a lever for better population health. This commentary discusses the intersection of housing policy and population health, focusing on the use of natural experiments to evaluate the health effects of housing policies. We consider Schwartz and Chu's paper (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) in which they employ a natural experiment approach to quantifying health impacts of habitability warrants: state-based housing policy aimed at protecting renters in the United States. The paper's null findings highlight the complexities of evaluating health effects of housing policies. Findings could be explained by policy failure, that is, habitability warranties place the burden on tenants to act, requiring them to invest resources and potentially risk their tenancy to address suboptimal living conditions. Methodological challenges could also contribute including limited sample sizes, reliance on self-reported data, and potential confounding factors. We argue that failure to optimize housing policies for health outcomes leads to missed opportunities to improve population health using prevention strategies, potentially widening existing health inequalities. This review underscores the need for continued research into the health impacts of housing policies, advocating for a shift toward health-centric policy evaluation to better leverage housing as a key social determinant of health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2755-2757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of discrimination experiences with rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，美国成年人的歧视经历与焦虑和抑郁症状随后的快速变化之间的关系。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae433

Maricar Ordonez, Dayoung Bae, Melissa Wong, Adam M Leventhal, Hongying D Dai, Junhan Cho

{"title":"Association of discrimination experiences with rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Maricar Ordonez, Dayoung Bae, Melissa Wong, Adam M Leventhal, Hongying D Dai, Junhan Cho","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae433","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae433","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how discrimination experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic relate to anxiety and depressive symptoms in US adults. Using a national representative intensive longitudinal survey, the study evaluates rapid subsequent changes in anxiety and depression when individuals undergo heightened discrimination beyond their usual experiences. The study used 23 survey time points, primarily with 2-week intervals, from the Understanding America Study (n = 8198). Time-varying and time-lagged associations between discrimination experiences and anxiety and depression were modeled using multilevel logistic random-effect repeated-measures regression models. The results showed that discrimination experiences were associated with moderate-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as more than 1 comorbid psychological distress symptom (adjusted odds ratios [AORs], 1.10-1.13). The association remained significant regardless of interindividual differences in exposure to discrimination. Non-Hispanic Blacks, Asians, and other race/ethnicities exhibited stronger associations between discrimination and psychological distress (AORs, 1.63-1.93) compared to Hispanic and White respondents (AORs, 1.13-1.25). Our findings suggest that individuals experience a rapid deterioration in their emotional well-being when subjected to heightened levels of discrimination beyond their typical experiences.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2600-2607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia. 基于登记的方法估计乳腺癌死亡率的县一级种族差异：乔治亚州的一项分析。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae413

Rebecca Nash, Jeffrey M Switchenko, Kevin C Ward, Maret L Maliniak, Lindsay J Collin, Leah Moubadder, Michael R Kramer, Timothy L Lash, Anne Gaglioti, Rana Bayakly, Lauren E McCullough

{"title":"A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia.","authors":"Rebecca Nash, Jeffrey M Switchenko, Kevin C Ward, Maret L Maliniak, Lindsay J Collin, Leah Moubadder, Michael R Kramer, Timothy L Lash, Anne Gaglioti, Rana Bayakly, Lauren E McCullough","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae413","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae413","url":null,"abstract":"Despite similar incidence rates, nationwide breast cancer mortality is 40% higher among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. The racial disparity persists even among women who have early-stage disease, prognostically favorable subtypes, or indicators of high socioeconomic status, and is not evenly distributed throughout the United States. Understanding geographic differences may provide additional insight into the drivers of the disparity. However, current data are geographically limited, based primarily on death certificate information, do not incorporate incidence, and often do not provide estimates or account for areas with small populations or sparse case data. Using a Bayesian framework, we estimated the local racial disparity in 5-year mortality for nonmetastatic breast cancer diagnosed during 2005-2013 across counties in Georgia, a racially and geographically diverse state. Overall, during the study period, 5-year breast cancer mortality was 43% higher among NHB than NHW women. The racial disparity varied across Georgia with more pronounced disparity observed in the central and southeast and less pronounced disparity in the southwest. County-level rurality and the proportion of owner-occupied housing were associated with the magnitude of the disparity, but only after accounting for other area-level covariates. This approach can help guide decisions and resource allocation at the local level.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2698-2704"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using double-negative controls to adjust for healthy-user bias in a recombinant zoster vaccine safety study. 在重组带状疱疹疫苗安全性研究中使用双阴性对照来调整健康用户偏差。

IF 4.8 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae439

Kendrick Li, Iris Emerman, Andrea J Cook, Bruce H Fireman, Maria Sundaram, Hung-Fu X Tseng, Eric S Weintraub, Onchee Yu, Jennifer L Nelson, Xu Shi

{"title":"Using double-negative controls to adjust for healthy-user bias in a recombinant zoster vaccine safety study.","authors":"Kendrick Li, Iris Emerman, Andrea J Cook, Bruce H Fireman, Maria Sundaram, Hung-Fu X Tseng, Eric S Weintraub, Onchee Yu, Jennifer L Nelson, Xu Shi","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae439","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae439","url":null,"abstract":"Unmeasured confounding is a major concern in many epidemiologic studies that are not randomized. Negative control methods can detect and reduce confounding by leveraging the proxies of the unmeasured confounders, including negative control outcomes (NCOs) and exposures (NCEs). An NCO is presumably unaffected by the exposure of interest but would be associated with unmeasured confounders; an NCE presumably does not affect the outcome of interest but would be associated with unmeasured confounders. A recently proposed double-negative control method leverages both NCOs and NCEs for unmeasured confounding bias. To demonstrate this relatively new methodology in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, we reanalyzed data from a prior safety study of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). The prior study compared risk of safety outcomes of individuals who received the RZV with those of unvaccinated comparators, using logistic regression with propensity score adjustment. We identified NCOs and NCEs that could be used to adjust for unmeasured confounding bias that could arise if RZV recipients are incomparable to the comparators due to unmeasured factors. The double-negative control analysis yielded relative risk estimates slightly closer to 1.0 than those reported previously, providing additional evidence of RZV safety that is less vulnerable to unmeasured confounding.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2641-2649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0