American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第5页

Correction: Effects of two community violence interruption programs on firearm violence in Washington, DC. 更正：华盛顿特区两个社区暴力中断项目对枪支暴力的影响。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag242

引用次数: 0

Estimation of the relative effectiveness and waning of the monovalent third dose of COVID-19 vaccine against hospital admission in France: a novel self-controlled case series analysis. 估计法国单价第三剂COVID-19疫苗对住院的相对有效性和衰减：一项新的自我控制病例系列分析

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag250

Jérémie Botton, Yonas Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie, Mounia Nacima Hocine, Paddy Farrington

{"title":"Estimation of the relative effectiveness and waning of the monovalent third dose of COVID-19 vaccine against hospital admission in France: a novel self-controlled case series analysis.","authors":"Jérémie Botton, Yonas Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie, Mounia Nacima Hocine, Paddy Farrington","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag250","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel application of the SCCS method for estimating the effectiveness and waning of the third dose of COVID-19 monovalent vaccine in France. We used data on individuals hospitalised for COVID-19 between September 2021 and February 2022 from the Système National des Données de Santé. Only cases having received a 3rd dose of COVID-19 vaccine prior to or on the day of hospitalisation were included in the analysis. We developed a new SCCS model including only time post-dose 3 vaccination, with reference period 24-65 days post-vaccination to capture maximum vaccine protection. Time was split into short-term and long-term post-vaccination risk periods, including days 4-9 corresponding to minimum protection, and successive 7-day windows from day 66 post vaccination. The model included two exposure variables, representing short-term and long-term effects of vaccination. The analysis confirms the relative effectiveness of the third-dose COVID-19 vaccination, the waning of vaccine immunity though of limited extent, and possible effect modification related to virus strain, vaccine, vaccination history, age, and sex. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are discussed. Suitably applied, the SCCS method may provide a useful method of analysis of vaccine effectiveness which automatically controls for time-invariant confounders.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adapting the prevalent new-user study design and clone-censor-weighting approach to evaluate drug discontinuation. 采用流行的新用户研究设计和克隆审查加权方法来评估药物停药。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag238

Qoua Her, Til Stürmer, Robert J Glynn, Emilie Duchesneau, Tiansheng Wang, Charles Poole, Jennifer Leigh Lund, Michael Webster-Clark

{"title":"Adapting the prevalent new-user study design and clone-censor-weighting approach to evaluate drug discontinuation.","authors":"Qoua Her, Til Stürmer, Robert J Glynn, Emilie Duchesneau, Tiansheng Wang, Charles Poole, Jennifer Leigh Lund, Michael Webster-Clark","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag238","url":null,"abstract":"We described how to adapt the prevalent new user (PNU) study design to estimate the effect of drug discontinuation among patients who discontinue and clone-censor-weighting (CCW) approach to estimate the effect of drug discontinuation among an eligible population at a pre-specified time point, focusing on the differences between the target trials the two approaches emulate. While both approaches produced unbiased estimates of the effect of drug discontinuation when all confounders were adjusted for in simulations, the true estimands differed, particularly when treatment effect heterogeneity was introduced. We also applied the approaches to study the effect of statin discontinuation among United States Medicare beneficiaries who discontinued statin therapy after at least 5 years (PNU) or at approximately 5 years (CCW) of continuous use. The PNU analysis estimated a mortality rate difference (MRD) of 3.6 (95% CI, 3.3-3.9) per 100 person-years and a mortality rate ratio (MRR) of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.37-1.45), while the CCW analysis estimated a MRD of 3.4 (95% CI, 2.8-4.0) per 100 person-years and MRR of 1.55 (1.45-1.66). Researchers studying drug discontinuation should carefully consider their causal question and target population when choosing between these two newer approaches.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A response to Francis and Wesselink's "measuring structural racism in neighborhoods". 这是对弗朗西斯和威塞林克“衡量社区中的结构性种族主义”的回应。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag246

Abigail L Kappelman, Annie Ro, Belinda L Needham, Nancy L Fleischer

引用次数: 0

Prospective Pregnancy Preferences and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the United States: A Population-Based Study. 美国前瞻性妊娠偏好和不良分娩结局：一项基于人群的研究。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-02 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag244

Brooke W Bullington, Alison Gemmill, Isabel Muñoz, Corinne H Rocca

{"title":"Prospective Pregnancy Preferences and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the United States: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Brooke W Bullington, Alison Gemmill, Isabel Muñoz, Corinne H Rocca","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag244","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse birth outcomes have been linked to \"unintended\" pregnancy; however, research that relies on retrospective measurement of \"intentions\" is vulnerable to differential recall bias. This study estimates associations between prospectively measured pregnancy preferences and preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birthweight (<5.5 pounds). We analyzed longitudinal, population-based data from the Surveys of Women, conducted in nine US states (2016-2023), linking births reported across annual waves with pregnancy preferences measured before pregnancy using the 14-item Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) scale. We fit weighted logistic regression models to estimate associations between DAP categories (lower DAP: more open to pregnancy; higher DAP: stronger preference to avoid pregnancy) and outcomes using multiple imputation (primary analysis) and complete case analysis excluding participants whose DAP scores were imputed (sensitivity analysis). Although the adjusted association between DAP grouping and low birthweight was not statistically significant in analyses using imputation (15% high vs. 7% low DAP), it was significant treating DAP scores continuously (aOR=1.56 [1.01-2.43]) and in complete case analysis (20% vs. 6%, p=0.01). DAP scores were not associated with preterm birth in imputation analyses (18% high vs. 14% low DAP) or using continuous scores but were in complete case analysis (25% vs. 12%, p=0.02). While the magnitudes of associations were suggestive of a relationship between a strong prospective preference to avoid pregnancy and low birthweight, analyses were limited by low precision. Supporting individuals in achieving their reproductive preferences may have child health benefits.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design considerations for incorporating serological monitoring into trachoma prevalence surveys. 将血清学监测纳入沙眼患病率调查的设计考虑。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag245

Everlyn Kamau, Katherine Gass, Emma Harding-Esch, Martha Idalí Saboyá Díaz, Pearl Anne Ante-Testard, Amir Kello, Robin L Bailey, Kimberly Fornace, Anthony W Solomon, Scott Nash, Benjamin Arnold, On Behalf Of Global Trachoma Serosurveillance Study Group

{"title":"Design considerations for incorporating serological monitoring into trachoma prevalence surveys.","authors":"Everlyn Kamau, Katherine Gass, Emma Harding-Esch, Martha Idalí Saboyá Díaz, Pearl Anne Ante-Testard, Amir Kello, Robin L Bailey, Kimberly Fornace, Anthony W Solomon, Scott Nash, Benjamin Arnold, On Behalf Of Global Trachoma Serosurveillance Study Group","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag245","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwag245","url":null,"abstract":"Serology is increasingly used to monitor infection transmission and disease elimination. Embedding dried blood spot collection in trachoma surveys allows transmission intensity inference through population-level seroconversion rate (SCR) estimation, but no formal assessment of required sample size has been published. Using serology data from 40 trachoma prevalence surveys, we estimated seroprevalence intra-cluster correlation coefficient, a key design parameter, and assessed survey design considerations for incorporating serological monitoring. Design scenarios focused on proposed operational SCR thresholds (2.2 [no action needed] and 4.5 [action needed] per 100 child years) for interpretation of serological data in low-transmission and post-elimination settings. We evaluated SCR estimation in 42 two-stage designs by calculating precision (confidence interval width around an SCR value) and power (the measure of deviation of suggested thresholds to the SCR value). When the SCR is ≤1.5 and >5.7 per 100 person-years, sample sizes between 300-2000 allowed good precision of SCR estimation. We anticipate a standard prevalence survey with 30 clusters and 30 households per cluster should provide ≥80% power to determine that an SCR ≤1.2 falls below a 2.2 threshold and SCR ≥5.7 falls above a 4.5 threshold. Our results support collection of serological data via the recommended survey design for trachoma surveillance.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating potential sources of bias in linear growth rate analysis of renal tumors: case study in Von-Hippel Lindau disease. 评估肾脏肿瘤线性生长速率分析的潜在偏倚来源：Von-Hippel Lindau病病例研究

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag225

Cathy Anne Pinto, Ghada Abu-Sheasha, Miriam J Haviland, Neil Murphy, Steven S Senglaub, Rafia Bosan, Caroline G Tai, Florence Mercier, W Marston Linehan

{"title":"Evaluating potential sources of bias in linear growth rate analysis of renal tumors: case study in Von-Hippel Lindau disease.","authors":"Cathy Anne Pinto, Ghada Abu-Sheasha, Miriam J Haviland, Neil Murphy, Steven S Senglaub, Rafia Bosan, Caroline G Tai, Florence Mercier, W Marston Linehan","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag225","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate tumor growth rate estimation is vital for linking disease progression to patient characteristics and outcomes, especially in rare diseases where limited data increase bias risk. We evaluated two potential sources of bias in linear growth rate (LGR) estimation using data from a prior natural history (NH) study of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a rare hereditary disorder. A Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) assessed selection bias from differential follow-up, while a Bayesian analysis (BA) examined shrinkage bias from a frequentist linear mixed-effects approach. In the NH cohort (244 patients; 601 target tumors), the original median tumor-level LGR was 1.6 mm/year. QBA produced a bias-corrected LGR of 1.7 mm/year, suggesting minimal impact of selection bias. Bayesian modeling produced an LGR estimate of 3.93 mm/year, aligning more closely with external reports and suggesting that surgically removed tumors had substantially higher growth rates than the mixed cohort implied by frequentist methods. QBA showed limited bias from differential follow-up, while BA provided a complementary estimate that was less influenced by shrinkage bias inherent to mixed-effects modeling. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate study design and method selection to diagnose and adjust for biases when characterizing tumor growth in VHL RCC.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Event-time regression discontinuity for biomedical data: LATT estimation and covariate distribution tests. 生物医学数据的事件时间回归不连续：LATT估计和协变量分布检验。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag243

Yesong Choe, Yeahoon Kwon, Minjung Kho, Seunggeun Lee, Sanghack Lee

{"title":"Event-time regression discontinuity for biomedical data: LATT estimation and covariate distribution tests.","authors":"Yesong Choe, Yeahoon Kwon, Minjung Kho, Seunggeun Lee, Sanghack Lee","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag243","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating causal effects of drugs on clinical biomarkers is often infeasible through randomized trials, while observational data require designs that approximate experimental conditions. Using linked UK Biobank records collected during 2006-2013, we develop an event-time regression discontinuity (RD) framework for settings in which prescription records are longitudinal but biomarkers are measured cross-sectionally. A surrogate running variable aligns individuals by the interval between biomarker measurement and the first recorded prescription, comparing eventual users measured shortly before versus after that date. Under continuity assumptions, this identifies a local average treatment effect among the treated. We apply distributional covariate-balance diagnostics, robust bias-corrected inference, and parsimonious covariate adjustment. Statin analyses show a local downward LDL discontinuity around the first recorded prescription date, with direction and statistical significance robust across bias-corrected inference, bandwidths, and donut specifications. However, the running-variable density test is significant and donut estimates vary from - 1.00 to - 1.72 mmol/L, indicating residual uncertainty about local comparability. The metformin-HbA1c example is less stable: a sizeable parametric local-linear reduction is not corroborated under robust bias-corrected inference. Event-time RD offers potential for pharmacovigilance and real-world causal inference in linked health databases, but conclusions depend on explicit local timing-exogeneity and continuity assumptions.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects conditional on post-treatment events generated by independent mechanisms. 影响条件是由独立机制产生的治疗后事件。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag241

Marco Piccininni, Mats J Stensrud

{"title":"Effects conditional on post-treatment events generated by independent mechanisms.","authors":"Marco Piccininni, Mats J Stensrud","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwag241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwag241","url":null,"abstract":"In both observational studies and randomized trials, post-treatment events such as dropout, nonadherence, and truncation by death occur frequently. In some studies, conditioning on post-treatment variables is a deliberate strategy to isolate particular treatment effects on the outcome. However, naive comparisons of outcomes conditional on posttreatment events generally lack a causal interpretation, even when treatment is randomly assigned. There exist causal estimands that account for post-treatment events, including survivor average causal effects and conditional separable effects, but identification usually requires measurement of common causes of the post-treatment event and the outcome. In this article, we show that such measurements are not always necessary. Conceptually, what we require is that the treatment and other unmeasured causes of the outcome generate the post-treatment event through \"independent mechanisms\". Then, conditional separable effects and survivor average causal effects can be identified without adjustment for common causes of the post-treatment event and the outcome. We illustrate the results in studies with truncating events, differential nonadherence, and the birth weight paradox.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to : Impact of quitline services on tobacco cessation: an application of modern epidemiologic methods. 更正：戒烟热线服务对戒烟的影响：现代流行病学方法的应用。

IF 4.1 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2026-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwag207

引用次数: 0