American journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Identifying critical periods of susceptibility for maternal exposure to biothermal stress and the risks of stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth in Western Australia.","authors":"Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Gizachew A Tessema, Ben Mullins, Antonio Gasparrini, Gavin Pereira","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae431","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A few studies investigated critical periods of temperature and the risks of stillbirth and preterm birth. This study aimed to identify critical periods of composite biothermal stress (Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) for stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). From the Midwives Notification System, 415 271 singleton births between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, were linked to spatiotemporal UTCI in Western Australia. Covariate-adjusted weekly and monthly distributed lag nonlinear Cox regression from 12 weeks before conception to birth was performed. Relative to median exposure (14.2 °C), extreme UTCI levels (1st-10th and 90th-99th centiles) were associated with higher hazards of stillbirth and sPTB, especially stronger at lower than higher exposures. Critical susceptible periods at 1st centile (10.2 °C) exposure were found during gestational weeks 21 to 42, with the strongest hazard of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.27) in the 42nd week for stillbirth, and during gestational weeks 26 to 36, with the strongest hazard of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06-1.12) in the 36th week for sPTB. Monthly exposure showed a similar pattern but with greater magnitude. Mid to late gestation showed critical susceptible periods of biothermal stress on the birth outcomes, suggesting further studies and timely climate-related health care interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2580-2589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between community social capital and posttraumatic growth among older survivors 11 years after a natural disaster.","authors":"Hiroyuki Hikichi, Katsunari Kondo, Ichiro Kawachi","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae432","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We prospectively examined whether community-level social capital plays a significant role in developing posttraumatic growth (PTG) among older survivors of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster among residents of a city located 80 km west of the earthquake epicenter. The survey inquired about participants' health status and social capital (informal socializing and social participation, as well as social cohesion). Approximately 2.5 years after the disaster, we surveyed older survivors to assess their disaster experiences. A follow-up survey in 2022 inquired about PTG in the 11 years following experiences of the disaster (n = 1819). Multilevel linear regression analysis showed that predisaster community-level informal socializing and social participation was associated with higher PTG scores (coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.02-0.47). In cross-classified multilevel regression, maintenance of higher community-level informal socializing and social participation during the postdisaster period was associated with higher scores of PTG (coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.37). Predisaster community-level informal socializing and social participation were associated with higher PTG scores among older survivors. Interventions encouraging social interactions among neighbors may be effective in promoting PTG of survivors after natural disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2590-2599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic trajectories across midlife in parous women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Yingan Chen, Kyle Salmon, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Victoria W Fitz, Maryam Kazemi, Jan Shifren, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken, Jorge Chavarro, Wei Perng","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compare cardiometabolic trajectories of 557 parous women with diagnosed, probable, and no polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) throughout 15-year follow-up (2002-2021). We defined PCOS status as: (1) clinically diagnosed; (2) probable: without diagnosis but ≥2 of the following: cycle length <21 or ≥35 days, free testosterone >75th percentile, or anti-Müllerian hormone >75th percentile; (3) no PCOS. Outcomes included longitudinal adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, glycemia, and adipokines. We used mixed-effects models to examine associations of PCOS status with the outcomes, adjusting for covariates. Women were 37 ± 5 years at baseline; 9.7% had diagnosed and 9.2% probable PCOS. Throughout follow-up, women with diagnosed versus no PCOS had higher adiposity, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin; and lower high-density lipoprotein and adiponectin. However, the diagnosed and probable PCOS groups had similar hemoglobin A1c (0.16 [95% CI, -0.20 to 0.52]), leptin (-4.20 [95% CI, -16.61 to 8.22] ng/mL), and adiponectin (0.99 [95% CI, -2.15 to 4.13] μg/mL). Both groups had less favorable profiles than women without PCOS, even after body mass index adjustment. Although women with diagnosed PCOS have the least favorable cardiometabolic profile throughout midlife, those with probable PCOS exhibited comparable glycemia and an altered adipokine pattern suggestive of adipocyte dysfunction independent of adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2447-2456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reparations for African enslavement in the United States and Black survival using the panel study of income dynamics.","authors":"Jourdyn A Lawrence, Jaquelyn L Jahn, Joy Shi, Kathryn E W Himmelstein, Justin M Feldman, Natalia Linos, Mary T Bassett","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae444","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activists, policymakers, and scholars increasingly have advocated for reparations payments to Black Americans to redress the harms of enslavement and discriminatory practices that followed. This study examined the effects of a hypothetical monetary reparations intervention on all-cause premature and overall mortality among Black adults in the United States. We used the Black-white wealth gap to calculate monetary costs, modeling the effects of wealth influxes of $905 426.10 (in 2019 USD) to each Black household (the amount necessary to eliminate the mean Black-white wealth gap), distributed over 10 years. We applied a target trial emulation framework to data in the Panel Study on Income Dynamics (n = 16 010). Each Black household head or spouse/partner was followed from baseline until death, incomplete follow-up, 18 years after baseline, or the end of follow-up in 2019, whichever occurred first. Using the g-formula to account for time-fixed and time-varying confounders, we found a 29% reduction in premature mortality and a 25.6% reduction in overall mortality among Black adults under the reparations intervention. Our findings provide evidence that reparations are a lifesaving and justice-promoting social policy that could significantly contribute to efforts to eliminate health inequities. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2659-2666"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GLOB-cAGE consortium: a global cardiovascular collaborative network of older adults with cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Jie Jun Wong, Gary Tse, Huyen Thi Thanh Vu, Huong Thi Thu Nguyen, Shuanglan Lin, Qiang Tu, Yanhong Dong, Sebastian Garcia-Zamora, Juan Esteban Gómez-Mesa, Maciej Banach, Shirley Sze, Ru-San Tan, Zhong Liang, Angela S Koh","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae479","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Global Cardiovascular Collaborative Network of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease (GLOB-cAGE) is a newly established, unprecedented consortium that brings together cohorts of older individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. The GLOB-cAGE aims to harmonize nonidentifiable data from longitudinal cohorts examining cardiovascular health and CVD diagnosis and management in older individuals to perform meta-regression analyses using combined repositories of standardized subject-level data points. Studies registered into GLOB-cAGE are population-based longitudinal cohort studies or clinical trials, either ongoing or completed, that involve assessing cardiovascular health as a central objective. Cross-sectional studies that significantly contribute to cardiovascular research in older individuals may also be included. The GLOB-cAGE will consist of individuals already diagnosed with CVD and primary prevention of individuals at different risks of CVD. The studies should have a minimum sample size of 100 participants, and the participants are either adults older than 65 years or older than 40 years with longitudinal follow-up over the next few decades. Enrollment in GLOB-cAGE may involve collaboration on nonidentifiable or anonymized raw or processed data for joint analyses. Sites unable to provide raw or processed data due to institutional or other reasons may participate in alternative ways, including performing separate analyses in-house. At the time of writing, there are at least 10 participating teams from 9 countries and 27 studies enrolled in GLOB-cAGE. The GLOB-cAGE consortium is an international effort to bring together CVD research in older individuals, focusing on providing greater representation from diverse countries battling population aging. It addresses the evidence gaps from the insufficient enrolment of older individuals in randomized controlled trials and permits investigators to conduct high-quality epidemiologic studies. This article is part of a Special Collection on Cross-National Gerontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2667-2684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and validity of low-carbohydrate diet and low-fat diet scores derived from 24-hour dietary recalls.","authors":"Meiling Li, Xiude Li, Kewan Yin, Tingting Wang, Chao Jiang, Hongjuan Cao, Zhuang Zhang, Jiangwei Sun, Wanshui Yang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reproducibility and validity of low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and low-fat diets (LFD) from 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR) remain unclear. We evaluated the performance of 24HDR-based assessments of 6 dietary patterns (overall, healthful, and unhealthful LCD/LFD) to determine the optimum number of 24HDR in epidemiologic studies. Participants (n = 432, 185 men and 247 women) aged 18-84 years from the Anhui Lifestyle Validation Study (ALVS) completed 4 quarterly 3 consecutive 24HDRs (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) during July 2021 to July 2022. Reproducibility was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was evaluated by comparing the estimates against those from the average of 12 24HDRs using deattenuated Spearman correlation coefficient (rc). Reproducibility and validity increased with an escalating number of 24HDRs. Dietary pattern scores from 2 24HDRs showed moderate reproducibility (ICC: 0.40-0.47), except unhealthful LFD with the ICC of 0.37, while 4 24HDRs yielded a moderate reproducibility for all dietary patterns (ICC: 0.43-0.59). The validity of the 6 dietary patterns was moderate for 1 24HDR (rc: 0.44-0.58) and moderate or strong for ≥2 24HDRs (rc: 0.56-0.98). Two 24HDRs show reasonable performance in measuring most LCD/LFD scores, and 4 24HDRs are sufficient for all dietary patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2724-2732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of the LIBRA index with cognitive resilience to genetic susceptibility to dementia.","authors":"Maude Wagner, Jeanne Neuffer, Quentin Le Grand, Aniket Mishra, Claudine Berr, Stéphanie Debette, Catherine Helmer, Cécile Proust-Lima, Cécilia Samieri","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of lifestyle and health-related factors in dementia risk has been established. However, how a combination of modifiable risk factors, as reflected by the LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) index, contributes to cognitive resilience to genetic susceptibility to dementia (CRgen) remains unclear. We selected 6774 Three-City study participants without dementia at baseline (mean age = 74 years) and with ≥2 cognitive measures over time. Genetic risk was defined through ApoE-ε4 carriage alone (ε4-carriers) or combined with high AD-specific genetic risk scores beyond ApoE (ε4-carriers/GRS-high). To define CRgen, we modeled and compared the cognitive slopes of at-risk individuals to their demographically similar peers without genetic risk; at-risk individuals with the most preserved cognition were defined as resilient (ε4-carriers [n = 237]; ε4-carrier/GRS-high [n = 319]), and the least preserved as non-resilient (ε4-carriers [n = 866]; ε4-carrier/GRS-high [n = 1249]). Lower LIBRA risk scores at baseline, denoting healthier lifestyle and reduced dementia risk, were linearly associated with greater odds of CRgen, both in ε4-carriers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11;95%CI: 1.05, 1.18) and ε4-carriers/GRS-high (OR = 1.16;95%CI: 1.11, 1.22). When examining the LIBRA components, cognitive activity and coronary heart diseases history showed the strongest independent associations with CRgen (all P ≤ 0.01). Genetically susceptible older adults can develop cognitive resilience, which may be promoted by lifestyle modifications and health management simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2457-2466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on power: the inadequacies of small sample size technique through the lens of Indigenous health.","authors":"Danielle R Gartner, Rae Anne M Martinez","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One need not look far for an example of epidemiologic research where Indigenous people have either been excluded from analyses or have been aggregated with other racial and ethnic identities as an \"Other.\" Exclusion and aggregation of Indigenous peoples prevents us from adequately characterizing their health in ways that are useful for collective action. In this commentary we describe 3 distinct, yet related, issues underlying the relationships between statistical power ($beta $) and structural and ideational power related to the \"small sample size\" problem for Indigenous peoples: (1) inadequate data procurement and management processes, (2) normative methodological practices, and (3) insufficient scientific communication. In the spirit of disciplinary reflection and self-critique, we identify and review the manifestation of these issues in 1 author's previously published research. We then discuss and reemphasize important contributing historical and contemporary systems of injustice, and, finally, summarize existing promising research and analytic practices. Given that the tools that address the health of numerically large groups dominate teaching and research spaces, we must move toward a paradigm shift to fully provide equity, justice, and beneficence to Indigenous peoples and other \"numerically small\" groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2524-2531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood characteristics and incident myocardial infarction in US older adults: evaluation in 2 nationwide cohorts.","authors":"Kendra D Sims, Torsten B Neilands, Julene K Johnson, Loni P Tabb, Monika M Safford, Gina S Lovasi, Suzanne E Judd, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inconsistent findings on the associations of adverse neighborhood context with myocardial infarction (MI) or racial disparities in MI may reflect publication bias or chance. We compared results from harmonized analyses of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS, n = 25 196, aged ≥45 years, 42% Black; 2003-2018) study and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, n = 14 191, aged >50 years, 13% Black; 2004-2018). For both cohorts, we used 51 American Community Survey (ACS) census tract variables to predict hazard of incident MI using Cox models. We evaluated consistency of coefficients and Black-White differences in coefficients between cohorts. Cumulative MI incidence in REGARDS (6.2% over 11.5 years median follow-up) was similar to HRS (7.1% over 13.1 years median follow-up). Of 51 ACS predictors evaluated, the log(HR) for incident MI differed by ≤0.05 between REGARDS and HRS for 34 variables. Of the 12 census tract predictors with significantly different associations with MI for Black versus White respondents in REGARDS, none showed interactions with race in HRS at the P <.05 threshold. Neighborhood socioeconomic associations with MI across 2 national studies were largely replicable. Racial differences in associations were inconsistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"2733-2743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12409129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFINE2: A simplified simulation tool to help epidemiologists evaluate the suitability and sensitivity of effect estimation within user-specified data.","authors":"Xiang Meng, Jonathan Y Huang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwaf195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiologists have access to various methods to reduce bias and improve statistical efficiency in effect estimation, from standard multivariable regression to state-of-the-art doubly-robust efficient estimators paired with highly flexible, data-adaptive algorithms (\"machine learning\"). However, due to numerous assumptions and trade-offs, epidemiologists face practical difficulties in recognizing which method, if any, may be suitable for their specific data and hypotheses. Importantly, relative advantages are necessarily context-specific (data structure, algorithms, model misspecification), limiting the utility of universal guidance. Evaluating performance through real-data-based simulations is useful but out-of-reach for many epidemiologists. We present a user-friendly, offline Shiny app REFINE2 (Realistic Evaluations of Finite sample INference using Efficient Estimators) that enables analysts to input their own data and quickly compare the performance of different algorithms within their data context in estimating a prespecified average treatment effect (ATE). REFINE2 automates plasmode simulation of a plausible target ATE given observed covariates and then examines bias and confidence interval coverage (relative to this target) given user-specified models. We present an extensive case study to illustrate how REFINE2 can be used to guide analyses within epidemiologist's own data under three typical scenarios: residual confounding; spurious covariates; and mis-specified effect modification. As expected, the apparent best method differed across scenarios and are suboptimal under residual confounding. REFINE2 may help epidemiologists not only chose amongst imperfect models, but also better understand common underappreciated problems, such as finite sample bias using machine learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}