American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第5页

Comparative risk of opioid overdose in patients who initiated antibiotics for urinary tract infection while on long-term opioid therapy. 长期阿片类药物治疗期间因尿路感染使用抗生素的患者阿片类药物过量风险的比较。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae248

Nazleen F Khan, Katsiaryna Bykov, Robert J Glynn, Seanna M Vine, Joshua J Gagne

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: target trial emulation-a call for more widespread use. 目标试验仿真：呼吁更广泛地使用。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae222

Amanda Hyre Anderson

{"title":"Invited commentary: target trial emulation-a call for more widespread use.","authors":"Amanda Hyre Anderson","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae222","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae222","url":null,"abstract":"Causal inference methods intended for use with observational data have been widely available for decades, but barriers to their widespread adoption exist. These likely include lack of familiarity with several methodological techniques often used in combination in these investigations, such as inverse probability of treatment weighting and g-estimation, and the intensity of computational effort needed to employ these techniques. Even with these methods, critical design flaws undermine the ability to make valid causal inference in some studies. Identification of the need to explicitly pair study design elements with these causal inference methods led to development of a methodological approach recently termed target trial emulation. This approach requires that investigators define a hypothetical randomized trial, emulate that hypothetical protocol in assembling the cohort and defining study elements, and then conduct an analysis that attempts to mirror random treatment assignment. In the accompanying article by Heindel et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2025;194(3):651-658), the authors successfully emulate a target trial of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation on short-term endpoints by utilizing data from 2 existing randomized trials with key confounders available. Target trial emulation provides a framework with which to promote valid inference and generate high-quality contributions to the literature, and its use should be expanded.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"659-661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor in response to "Variability in sleep duration and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease across the menstrual cycle". 致编辑的信，回应 "整个月经周期中睡眠时间和心血管疾病生物标志物的变化"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae312

Michaela E Larson

引用次数: 0

Re: "Soy intake and urinary sex hormone levels in preschool Japanese children". 回复：“日本学龄前儿童大豆摄入量和尿性激素水平”。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae351

引用次数: 0

Re: Estimation of opioid misuse prevalence in New York State counties, 2007-2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal abundance model approach.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae407

Heather Bradley, Trang Nguyen, Serveh Sharifi Far, Ashly E Jordan, Vivian Kamanu, Ruth King, Lanxin Li, Nicole Luisi, Stephanie Mack, Tomoko Udo, Eli S Rosenberg

引用次数: 0

Causal effects of competing obstetrical interventions: mediators of placental abruption and perinatal mortality. 相互竞争的产科干预措施的因果效应：胎盘早破和围产期死亡率的中介因素。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae273

Cande V Ananth, Wen Wei Loh

{"title":"Causal effects of competing obstetrical interventions: mediators of placental abruption and perinatal mortality.","authors":"Cande V Ananth, Wen Wei Loh","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae273","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae273","url":null,"abstract":"Placental abruption, the premature placental separation, confers increased perinatal mortality risk with preterm delivery as an important pathway through which the risk appears mediated. Although pregnancies complicated by abruption are often delivered through an obstetrical intervention, many deliver spontaneously. We examined the contributions of clinician-initiated (PTDIND) and spontaneous (PTDSPT) preterm delivery at < 37 weeks as competing causal mediators of the abruption-perinatal mortality association. Using the Consortium for Safe Labor (2002-2008) data (n = 203 990; 1.6% with abruption), we applied a potential outcomes-based mediation analysis to decompose the total effect into direct and mediator-specific indirect effects through PTDIND and PTDSPT. Each mediated effect describes the reduction in the counterfactual mortality risk if that preterm delivery subtype was shifted from its distribution under abruption to without abruption. The total effect risk ratio (RR) of abruption on perinatal mortality was 5.4 (95% CI, 4.6-6.3). The indirect effect RRs for PTDIND and PTDSPT were 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.6) and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.5-1.6), respectively; these corresponded to mediated proportions of 25% each. These findings underscore that PTDIND and PTDSPT each play essential roles in shaping perinatal mortality risks associated with placental abruption.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risk for pancreatic cancer: an application of social informatics. 长期 PM2.5 暴露与胰腺癌风险之间的关系：社会信息学的应用

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae271

Nrupen A Bhavsar, Kay Jowers, Lexie Z Yang, Sharmistha Guha, Xuan Lin, Sarah Peskoe, Hannah McManus, Lisa McElroy, Mercedes Bravo, Jerome P Reiter, Eric Whitsel, Christopher Timmins

{"title":"The association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and risk for pancreatic cancer: an application of social informatics.","authors":"Nrupen A Bhavsar, Kay Jowers, Lexie Z Yang, Sharmistha Guha, Xuan Lin, Sarah Peskoe, Hannah McManus, Lisa McElroy, Mercedes Bravo, Jerome P Reiter, Eric Whitsel, Christopher Timmins","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae271","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae271","url":null,"abstract":"There is a profound need to identify modifiable risk factors to screen and prevent pancreatic cancer. Air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cancer. We conducted a case-control study using data from the electronic health record (EHR) of Duke University Health System, 15-year residential history, NASA satellite fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and neighborhood socioeconomic data. Using deterministic and probabilistic linkage algorithms, we linked residential history and EHR data to quantify long-term PM2.5 exposure. Logistic regression models quantified the association between a 1 interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 concentration and pancreatic cancer risk. The study included 203 cases and 5027 controls (median age of 59 years, 62% female, 26% Black). Individuals with pancreatic cancer had higher average annual exposure (9.4 μg/m3) as compared to an IQR increase in average annual PM2.5, which was associated with greater odds of pancreatic cancer (odds ratio = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00-1.44). These findings highlight the link between elevated PM2.5 exposure and increased pancreatic cancer risk. They may inform screening strategies for high-risk populations and guide air pollution policies to mitigate exposure. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"730-737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effectiveness of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation by emulating a target trial. 通过模仿目标试验评估动静脉瘘创建过程中全身使用肝素的效果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae098

Patrick Heindel, James J Fitzgibbon, Eric A Secemsky, Michael Belkin, C Keith Ozaki, Mohamad A Hussain

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation by emulating a target trial.","authors":"Patrick Heindel, James J Fitzgibbon, Eric A Secemsky, Michael Belkin, C Keith Ozaki, Mohamad A Hussain","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae098","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the 800 000 people living with end-stage kidney disease in the United States rely on a functioning vascular access to provide life-sustaining hemodialysis, yet one-third of arteriovenous fistulas experience early failures. Determining the safety and effectiveness of systemic heparin during fistula creation could improve the quality and quantity of life for these vulnerable patients. In this article, a pragmatic randomized trial was emulated to assess the effect of systemic heparin administration (vs none) during radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation on early bleeding and thrombosis, using data from 2 international, multicenter, randomized trials performed between 2014 and 2019. Marginal risks were estimated using inverse probability weighted parametric survival analysis and CIs were generated with bootstrapping. A total of 914 patients were enrolled and 61% received systemic heparin; their median (IQR) age was 58 (49, 67) years and 45% were on hemodialysis at enrollment. No difference in the risk of bleeding events was observed, with a risk difference (95% CI) at 14 days of -0.1% (-1.6 to 1.4). The risk of access thrombosis was lower in the heparin group, with a risk of 3.7% (2.6-4.8) after heparin and 5.3% (3.4-7.4) without heparin at 14 days (risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98). Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT02110901 and NCT02414841.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"651-658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term PM2.5 exposure and peak expiratory flow in middle-aged and older people in China: a quasi-experimental study. 中国中老年人长期暴露于 PM2.5 与呼气流量峰值的关系：一项准实验研究。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae146

Zirong Ye, Xueru Li, Yafei Wu, Ya Fang

{"title":"Long-term PM2.5 exposure and peak expiratory flow in middle-aged and older people in China: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Zirong Ye, Xueru Li, Yafei Wu, Ya Fang","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae146","url":null,"abstract":"China's Clean Air Act (CCAA) has been demonstrated to reduce the public health burden of ambient air pollution. Few studies have assessed the health effects of CCAA on lung function. We aimed to investigate the effects of CCAA and PM2.5 exposures on peak expiratory flow (PEF) in middle-aged and older people in China. Three waves (2011, 2013, and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included in this study. We performed a difference-in-difference (DID) model and mixed-effect method to assess the association between CCAA, PM2.5, and PEF. To increase the reliability, multiple environmental factors were considered, and spline function was utilized to fit the spatial autocorrelations. We found that the risk of decreased PEF in the policy intervention group was reduced by 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23% ~ 62%). The estimate showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 would increase the risk of decreased PEF by 10% (95% CI, 3% ~ 18%). The results of the mixed-effect model showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2.23% (95% CI, 1.35% ~ 3.06%) decrease in the PEF. These results contributed to the limited epidemiology evidence on demonstrating the effect of PM2.5 on lung function. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"738-745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical feminist epidemiology in action: reflections from a multidisciplinary partnership between Mujeres Unidas y Activas and academic researchers. 行动中的批判女权主义流行病学：Mujeres Unidas y Activas 与学术研究人员之间的多学科合作反思。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae286

Alison K Cohen, Juanita Flores, María Jiménez, Kathleen M Coll, Nathalie López, Taina B Quiles, Beda Castillo, Sajia Darwish, Amy Rich, Marina Franco

{"title":"Critical feminist epidemiology in action: reflections from a multidisciplinary partnership between Mujeres Unidas y Activas and academic researchers.","authors":"Alison K Cohen, Juanita Flores, María Jiménez, Kathleen M Coll, Nathalie López, Taina B Quiles, Beda Castillo, Sajia Darwish, Amy Rich, Marina Franco","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae286","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae286","url":null,"abstract":"Critical feminist research addresses social inequities, encourages equitable partnerships between researchers and participants, and acknowledges that research can be inherently political. Building upon critical feminist research practices, community-based participatory research, and social and structural epidemiology, we propose the approach of critical feminist epidemiology. A critical feminist epidemiology approach can study community and population health inequities with an eye toward identifying interventions that reduce inequities, through research processes that center the lived experiences of people from minoritized genders. We describe how our interdisciplinary, community-led team used a critical feminist epidemiology approach for an applied public health research project. Mujeres Unidas y Activas, a community organizing nonprofit led by and for Latina and Indigenous immigrant women, partnered with academic researchers to conduct community-led research on how their approach to building community power affected the health and well-being of organization members and their families. Critical feminist epidemiology is a promising approach for conducting research that is grounded in and relevant to the lives of women and gender-expansive people. Building upon social epidemiology and community-based participatory research, critical feminist epidemiology can be a useful research approach to generate novel evidence to inform action toward health equity for communities and populations. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"557-561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0