American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第5页

Kim et al respond to "Dispersal policies, neighborhood disadvantage, and refugee health in a Nordic context". Kim et al. Respond to "Dispersal policies, neighborhood disadvantage, and refugee health in a Nordic context".

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae241

Min Hee Kim, Trine Frøslev, Justin S White, M Maria Glymour, Sindana D Ilango, Henrik T Sørensen, Lars Pedersen, Rita Hamad

引用次数: 0

The link between traumatic experiences and health in late life: challenges and opportunities for US-based longitudinal aging cohorts. 创伤经历与晚年健康之间的联系：基于美国的纵向老年队列面临的挑战和机遇。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae278

Audrey R Murchland, Karestan C Koenen, Eleanor Hayes-Larson

{"title":"The link between traumatic experiences and health in late life: challenges and opportunities for US-based longitudinal aging cohorts.","authors":"Audrey R Murchland, Karestan C Koenen, Eleanor Hayes-Larson","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae278","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae278","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma, defined as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, is a pervasive, major public health challenge that disproportionately burdens socially disadvantaged groups and has known consequences for health outcomes in early and midlife. Despite plausible mechanisms by which trauma may also be a critically important risk factor for health outcomes in late life, there is presently a lack of literature evaluating the consequences of trauma on aging-related health outcomes and inequities, such as dementia. In this commentary, we (1) discuss drivers of the paucity of epidemiologic evidence on trauma and health outcomes in late life, namely a lack of available data, supported by detailed review of trauma measures, including interpersonal violence-a particularly common form of trauma-in 7 established longitudinal aging cohort studies in the United States; (2) address 4 common concerns about the inclusion of trauma measures in cohort studies; and (3) suggest ways forward, including specific assessment tools to measure interpersonal violence after a structured review of the PhenX Toolkit, to facilitate critical research to understand the impact of trauma on outcomes in late life.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"565-572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confounder selection in firearm policy research: a scoping review. 枪支政策研究中的混杂因素选择：范围审查。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae191

Julia P Schleimer, Camerin A Rencken, Matthew Miller, Sonja A Swanson, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar

{"title":"Confounder selection in firearm policy research: a scoping review.","authors":"Julia P Schleimer, Camerin A Rencken, Matthew Miller, Sonja A Swanson, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae191","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae191","url":null,"abstract":"Legislative firearm policies are often proposed as a way of preventing firearm-related harm. Confounding is a substantial threat to accurately estimating the causal effects of firearm policies. This scoping review characterizes the selection of potential confounders in US firearm policy evaluations in the health sciences literature. We identified empirical research articles indexed in PubMed from January 1, 2000, to January 9, 2021, that examined any of 18 prespecified firearm policies and extracted key study elements, including the exposure (firearm policy), outcomes, potential confounders adjusted for in analyses, and study approach (ie, static, uncontrolled pre-post, and controlled pre-post). There was wide variation in potential confounders within study approach/policy outcome combinations. The most common potential confounders included sociodemographic and economic variables, rurality/urbanicity, violent crime, law enforcement-related variables, alcohol use, and firearm access (mostly measured via proxies for firearm ownership). Firearm policies other than the policy being evaluated were included in the adjustment set in 23% to 44% of studies, depending on the study approach. Confounder selection was most often said to be based on prior research (n = 49, 40%) or not explicitly stated (n = 48, 39%). This scoping review provides a comprehensive resource for critically appraising the firearm policy literature and offers considerations to support more rigorous confounding control in future firearm policy research.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"857-866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: dispersal policies, neighborhood disadvantage, and refugee health in a Nordic context. 北欧背景下的分散政策、邻里劣势和难民健康。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae239

Mikael Rostila

引用次数: 0

Generalized anxiety disorder in low-resourced adults: a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study across the COVID-19 pandemic. 资源匮乏成年人的广泛性焦虑症：一项跨越 COVID-19 大流行的具有全国代表性的纵向队列研究。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae270

Catherine K Ettman, Salma M Abdalla, Ruochen Wang, Samuel B Rosenberg, Sandro Galea

{"title":"Generalized anxiety disorder in low-resourced adults: a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study across the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Catherine K Ettman, Salma M Abdalla, Ruochen Wang, Samuel B Rosenberg, Sandro Galea","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae270","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae270","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) accrued disproportionately over the COVID-19 pandemic to low-resource populations. Using a longitudinal, nationally representative study of US adults, we used generalized estimating equations to estimate the burden of positive screen for GAD (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) over time. The final sample included 1270 adults at least 18 years old who completed the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being (CLIMB) Study, with data collected in spring 2020, 2021, and 2022. The national prevalence of positive screen for GAD decreased from 24.4% in 2020 to 21.3% in 2022 (P < .05). Across the COVID-19 pandemic, factors associated with increased odds of positive screen for GAD were lower income (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06 [95% CI, 1.17-3.63] for ≤$19 999 relative to ≥$75 000), younger age (OR = 2.55 [95% CI, 1.67-3.89] for ages 18-39 years relative to ≥60 years), and having contracted COVID-19 (OR = 1.54 [95% CI, 1.12-2.14]). Experiencing stressors was associated with 14% increased odds of positive screen for GAD for each additional stressor. The 2020 stressors most strongly associated with positive screen for GAD in 2022 were job loss and difficulty paying rent. Efforts to address the stressors affecting groups with the highest burden of anxiety after the pandemic may help mitigate poor mental health exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"755-765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141911369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re: "On variance of the treatment effect in the treated when estimated by inverse probability weighting". 回复："关于用反概率加权法估算的治疗效果在受治疗者中的方差"。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae283

Shunichiro Orihara, Masataka Taguri

引用次数: 0

Correction to: "Canonical causal diagrams to guide the treatment of missing data in epidemiologic studies". 更正：“规范因果图指导流行病学研究中缺失数据的处理”。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae406

Margarita Moreno-Betancur, Katherine J Lee, Finbarr P Leacy, Julie A Simpson, John B Carlin

引用次数: 0

Racial disparities in maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and prevalence of congenital heart defects. 孕产妇孕期暴露于环境空气污染的种族差异与先天性心脏缺陷患病率。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae253

Olufunmilayo C Arogbokun Knutson, Thomas J Luben, Jeanette A Stingone, Lawrence S Engel, Chantel L Martin, Andrew F Olshan

{"title":"Racial disparities in maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and prevalence of congenital heart defects.","authors":"Olufunmilayo C Arogbokun Knutson, Thomas J Luben, Jeanette A Stingone, Lawrence S Engel, Chantel L Martin, Andrew F Olshan","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae253","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae253","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution may be a potential cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but racial disparities in this association are unexplored. We conducted a statewide population-based cohort study using North Carolina birth data from 2003 to 2015 (n = 1 225 285) to investigate the relationship between air pollution and CHDs (specifically pulmonary valve atresia/stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot [TOF], and atrioventricular septal defect [AVSD]). Maternal exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone during weeks 3 to 9 of pregnancy were estimated using the Environmental Protection Agency's Downscaler Model. Single- and co-pollutant log-binomial models were created for the entire population and stratified by race to investigate disparities. Positive associations between PM2.5 and CHDs were observed. An increasing concentration-response association was found for PM2.5 and TOF in adjusted, co-pollutant models (quartile 4 prevalence ratio: 1.46; 95% CI, 1.06-2.03). Differences in the effect of PM2.5 on CHD prevalence were seen in some models stratified by race, although clear exposure-prevalence gradients were not evident. Positive associations were also seen in adjusted, co-pollutant models of ozone and AVSD. Study results suggest that prenatal PM2.5 and ozone exposure may increase the prevalence of certain CHDs. A consistent pattern of differences in association by race/ethnicity was not apparent. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"709-721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Santaella-Tenorio et al. respond to: Re: Estimation of opioid misuse prevalence in New York State counties, 2007-2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal abundance model approach.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae408

Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Staci Hepler, David M Kline, Rivera-Aguirre Ariadne, Magdalena Cerda

引用次数: 0

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and police-reported motor vehicle crash risk among older adults: a sequential target trial emulation. 非苯二氮卓催眠药与警方报告的老年人机动车碰撞风险：连续目标试验模拟。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae168

Andrew R Zullo, Marzan A Khan, Melissa R Pfeiffer, Seth A Margolis, Brian R Ott, Allison E Curry, Thomas A Bayer, Melissa R Riester, Nina R Joyce

{"title":"Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and police-reported motor vehicle crash risk among older adults: a sequential target trial emulation.","authors":"Andrew R Zullo, Marzan A Khan, Melissa R Pfeiffer, Seth A Margolis, Brian R Ott, Allison E Curry, Thomas A Bayer, Melissa R Riester, Nina R Joyce","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae168","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae168","url":null,"abstract":"Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (\"Z-drugs\") are prescribed for insomnia but might increase the risk of motor vehicle crash (MVC) among older adults through prolonged drowsiness and delayed reaction times. We estimated the effect of initiating Z-drug treatment on the 12-week risk of MVC in a sequential target trial emulation. After linking New Jersey driver licensing and police-reported MVC data to Medicare claims, we emulated a new target trial each week (July 1, 2007, to October 7, 2017) in which Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries were classified as Z-drug-treated or untreated at baseline and followed for an MVC. We used inverse probability of treatment and censoring-weighted pooled logistic regression models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences with 95% bootstrap confidence limits (CLs). There were 257 554 person-trials, of which 103 371 were Z-drug-treated and 154 183 untreated, giving rise to 976 and 1249 MVCs, respectively. The intention-to-treat RR was 1.06 (95% CL, 0.95-1.16). For the per-protocol estimand, there were 800 MVCs and 1241 MVCs among treated and untreated person-trials, respectively, suggesting a reduced MVC risk (RR, 0.83; 95% CL, 0.74-0.92) with sustained Z-drug treatment. Z-drugs should be prescribed to older patients judiciously but not withheld entirely over concerns about MVC risk. This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"662-673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0