American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第8页

Using simulations to explore the conditions under which "true" dose-response relationships are detectable for environmental exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and birthweight: a case study.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf020

Eva Laura Siegel, Matt Lamb, Jeff Goldsmith, Andrew Rundle, Andreas Neophytou, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Barbara Cohn, Pam Factor-Litvak

{"title":"Using simulations to explore the conditions under which \"true\" dose-response relationships are detectable for environmental exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and birthweight: a case study.","authors":"Eva Laura Siegel, Matt Lamb, Jeff Goldsmith, Andrew Rundle, Andreas Neophytou, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Barbara Cohn, Pam Factor-Litvak","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf020","url":null,"abstract":"In environmental epidemiology, we use systematic reviews to evaluate the evidence of exposure-outcome relationships with an eye towards regulation. Conflicting results across studies thwart consensus on toxicity. In humans, only observational data is available from studies of environmental exposures, complicating the construction of dose-response relationships across the full range of exposure levels. Individual studies often lack the complete range of exposure levels because environmental exposure levels are tied to study settings. Pooling data across populations seems a natural solution, but strong population-dependent confounding may bias dose-response curves. Using the oft-debated association of polychlorinated bi-phenyls and birthweight as a case study, we describe simulations used to investigate the relative impacts of exposure range-dependent power limitations and confounding on our ability to correctly identify an assumed linear dose-response curve across a representative exposure range. While varying levels of confounding minimally biased estimates in our pooled and meta-analyses, we report very low confidence to ascertain a set underlying dose-response relationship in low-exposure cohorts with a narrow exposure distribution, but high ability in high-exposure cohorts with wide exposure distributions. Our simulations suggest that pooling and meta-analysis should be prioritized despite possible differences in confounding structures, particularly when exposure distributions in individual cohorts are limited.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical analyses concerning COVID-19 vaccines need to be consistently critical and informed.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae395

Raphael Lataster

引用次数: 0

Morris responds to "Critical analyses concerning COVID-19 vaccines need to be consistently critical, and informed".

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf015

Jeffrey S Morris

引用次数: 0

Addressing mental health inequities in low-resourced populations: insights and implications from a COVID-19 study.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf014

John Patrick C Toledo

引用次数: 0

Determining the threshold time in restricted mean survival time analysis for two group comparisons with applications in clinical and epidemiology studies.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf034

Gang Han, Michael J Schell, Matthew Lee Smith, Laura Hopkins, Yushi Liu, Raymond J Carroll, Marcia G Ory

{"title":"Determining the threshold time in restricted mean survival time analysis for two group comparisons with applications in clinical and epidemiology studies.","authors":"Gang Han, Michael J Schell, Matthew Lee Smith, Laura Hopkins, Yushi Liu, Raymond J Carroll, Marcia G Ory","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf034","url":null,"abstract":"The restricted mean survival time analysis has been used extensively in clinical research involving time-to-event endpoints. The threshold time up to which the restricted mean survival is calculated has a critical impact on the analysis results. However, identifying an optimal threshold time for treatment comparison, which corresponds to the greatest restricted mean lifetime difference between groups, remains unclear in practice and no analytical method has been developed on this topic. We present a novel method for determining the threshold time in the restricted mean survival time analysis to compare two groups. Simulation studies indicate that this method leads to high statistical power and controlled type I error rate compared with existing methods. The proposed method is illustrated in two applications: 1) a clinical oncology study for non-small-cell lung cancer treatments comparison given a programmed death-ligand 1 biomarker measurement, and 2) a gerontology study of instrumental activities for care recipients with dementia.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Inequities in Brain Trauma Outcome Prevalences Reported in the All of Us Database.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf030

Tadeusz H Wroblewski, Favour Ononogbu-Uche, Pemla Jagtiani, Marie-Claire Roberts, Tim B Bigdeli, Ernest J Barthélemy

{"title":"Structural Inequities in Brain Trauma Outcome Prevalences Reported in the All of Us Database.","authors":"Tadeusz H Wroblewski, Favour Ononogbu-Uche, Pemla Jagtiani, Marie-Claire Roberts, Tim B Bigdeli, Ernest J Barthélemy","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf030","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern affecting millions of people yearly. Disparities in TBI outcomes based on social determinants of health (SDoH), such as race and socioeconomic position, highlight the need to explore the causative structural inequities. We employed a socio-epidemiological approach, with particular focus on the putative role of structural racism, to investigate the prevalence, sociodemographic patterns, and neuropsychiatric outcomes of TBI in the All of Us database. This study included 11,286 individuals with a documented TBI diagnosis, determined based on a curated phenotype definition using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Clinical Modification criteria. Outcome measures included TBI prevalence and sociodemographic distribution; TBI severity; and neuropsychiatric diagnoses related to TBI. Nearly equivalent TBI prevalences were observed across racial categories. Black participants with TBI had higher socioeconomic deprivation indices and higher prevalence of certain neuropsychiatric conditions, such as substance use disorders and headache disorders, compared to White participants. This study underscores the importance of considering SDoH, particularly race and socioeconomic position, in TBI research. These findings highlight the need for efforts to address structural inequities that impact disparities in TBI and call for future research investigating how healthcare practices relate to disparities in TBI outcomes.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A structural mean modelling Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the lifecourse effect of adiposity: applied and methodological considerations.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf029

Grace M Power, Tom Palmer, Nicole Warrington, Jon Heron, Tom G Richardson, Vanessa Didelez, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Eleanor Sanderson

{"title":"A structural mean modelling Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the lifecourse effect of adiposity: applied and methodological considerations.","authors":"Grace M Power, Tom Palmer, Nicole Warrington, Jon Heron, Tom G Richardson, Vanessa Didelez, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Eleanor Sanderson","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf029","url":null,"abstract":"Mendelian randomization (MR) is a technique that uses genetic variation to address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence health. For some time-varying phenotypes, genetic effects may have differential importance at different periods in the lifecourse. MR studies often employ conventional instrumental variable (IV) methods designed to estimate lifelong effects. Recently, several extensions of MR have been proposed to investigate time-varying effects, including structural mean models (SMMs). SMMs exploit IVs through g-estimation and circumvent some of the parametric assumptions of other MR methods. We apply g-estimation of SMMs to MR to estimate the period effects of adiposity measured at two life stages, childhood and adulthood, on cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and breast cancer. We found persistent period effects of higher adulthood adiposity on increased risk of CVD and T2D. Higher childhood adiposity had a protective period effect on breast cancer. We compare this method to an inverse variance weighted multivariable MR approach, a technique also using multiple IVs to assess time-varying effects but relying on a different set of assumptions. We highlight the strengths and limitations of each approach and conclude by emphasising the importance of underlying methodological assumptions in the application of MR to lifecourse research.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Losing sleep? The effects of exposure to shootings near one's residence on self-reported sleep quantity in Chicago, 2020-2021.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf031

Suzanne McLone, Chad Coleman, Hannah Matzke, Matthew Fox, Jonathan Jay

{"title":"Losing sleep? The effects of exposure to shootings near one's residence on self-reported sleep quantity in Chicago, 2020-2021.","authors":"Suzanne McLone, Chad Coleman, Hannah Matzke, Matthew Fox, Jonathan Jay","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf031","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm violence is a public health crisis in the US and negatively impacts individuals and communities. We used data from The Healthy Chicago Survey, a citywide survey of 8,754 respondents from 2020-2021, and police-reported shootings to estimate the effect of residential exposure to shootings on sleep duration. Exposure was measured as fatal or non-fatal shootings occurring within 400 meters of the respondent's residence, within 7 days before taking the survey. Sleep was categorized into <6, 6-<7, 7-<9, and >=9 hours/day. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios (RR). We used probabilistic quantitative bias analysis to estimate the magnitude and direction of the impact of differential outcome misclassification of self-reported sleep on results. Of 8584 survey respondents, 589 (6.9%) were exposed to at least one shooting. The estimated associations between shootings and very short and moderately short sleep duration were null, while the RR for long sleep duration was 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.22); results of the quantitative bias analysis for long sleep duration were null (RR=1.04 [95% simulation interval: 0.92, 1.15]). Our findings suggest that simply living close to a recent shooting may not affect sleep duration among adults living in Chicago, but further investigation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterogenous long-term health and social outcomes of type 1 diabetes - A full population 30-year observational cohort study.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaf028

Aapo Hiilamo, Niina Metsä-Simola, Philipp Dierker, Pekka Martikainen, Mikko Myrskyla

{"title":"Heterogenous long-term health and social outcomes of type 1 diabetes - A full population 30-year observational cohort study.","authors":"Aapo Hiilamo, Niina Metsä-Simola, Philipp Dierker, Pekka Martikainen, Mikko Myrskyla","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf028","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to have adverse long-term health and social outcomes, but the modifying factors are largely unknown. We investigate to what extent T1D outcomes are modified by area-, household-, and individual-level social and economic characteristics in Finland. National registers from 1987 to 2020 were used to identify all 3,048 children with T1D diagnosed at age seven to 17 and matched controls (n=78,883). Using causal forests, we estimated the average association between T1D and adult health, social, and economic outcomes at ages 28-30, and the modifying roles of more than 30 covariates. Individuals with T1D were more likely to be deceased (2.3% vs. 0.9% in the control group), to use antidepressants (17% vs. 13%), and to be unpartnered (36% vs. 32%), and had more months of unemployment (1.18 vs. 1.02) and lower annual income (25,697 euros vs. 27,453 euros), but not significantly lower educational attainment (10.8% vs. 10.3% with only basic education). T1D had a heterogenous association with all outcomes except mortality and income, but no specific population subgroup was vulnerable across all outcomes. However, women with T1D had particularly high rates of antidepressant use, and individuals from low socioeconomic families were more likely to be unpartnered.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential effects of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions on childhood autism in different neighborhood socioeconomic contexts.

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae462

Xin Yu, Md Mostafijur Rahman, Jane C Lin, Ting Chow, Frederick W Lurmann, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Mayra P Martinez, Joel Schwartz, Sandrah P Eckel, Zhanghua Chen, Rob McConnell, Daniel A Hackman, Anny H Xiang, Erika Garcia

{"title":"The potential effects of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions on childhood autism in different neighborhood socioeconomic contexts.","authors":"Xin Yu, Md Mostafijur Rahman, Jane C Lin, Ting Chow, Frederick W Lurmann, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Mayra P Martinez, Joel Schwartz, Sandrah P Eckel, Zhanghua Chen, Rob McConnell, Daniel A Hackman, Anny H Xiang, Erika Garcia","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae462","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate air pollution is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with disadvantaged neighborhoods potentially increasing vulnerability due to stress or other social determinants of health. Understanding the impact of air pollution interventions on ASD incidence across neighborhood disadvantage levels can guide policies to protect vulnerable populations. We examined two sets of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions: percentage reduction and regulatory standards as thresholds, to assess their potential effects on ASD cumulative incidence. Using G-computation under a counterfactual framework, we estimated changes in the cumulative incidence of ASD by age 5 under hypothetical interventions compared to observed exposures. Our study involved a birth cohort of 318,298 children born between 2001-2014 in Southern California, with 4,548 diagnosed with ASD by age 5. Pregnancy average PM2.5 and neighborhood disadvantage were assigned to residential addresses. Adjusted Cox regression models were applied to estimate ASD cumulative incidence. Reducing pregnancy average PM2.5 by 30% or below 9 μg/m3 would have prevented 10.6 (95% CI, 3.6-19.2) and 12.5 (2.7-23.6) ASD cases per 10,000 children, respectively. The decreases in ASD cumulative incidence under hypothetical interventions were similar across neighborhood disadvantage levels. These findings suggest that reducing ambient PM2.5 levels to meet or surpass current standards could help prevent ASD.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0