American journal of epidemiology最新文献_第8页

Comparative effectiveness of the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. 经修订的美国癌症分期联合委员会系统的比较效果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae333

Chia-Wen Kao, Chun-Ju Chiang, Wen-Chung Lee

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.","authors":"Chia-Wen Kao, Chun-Ju Chiang, Wen-Chung Lee","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae333","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae333","url":null,"abstract":"The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual is periodically updated. This study aims to examine the staging performances in delineating stage-specific survival curves and to evaluate the reclassification of cases based on the 7th and 8th AJCC editions in Taiwan. Data were sourced from the Taiwan Cancer Registry for cases diagnosed in 2017 (7th edition) and 2018 (8th edition), each with a 2-year follow-up period. Performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Lorenz curve-derived Gini index, along with 2-year survival rates for evaluating patient prognoses. The 8th edition showed superior staging in 4 specific cancer types. Oropharyngeal cancer exhibited more variable 2-year survival rates across stages, and liver cancer showed a clearer decline in survival rates with advancing stages. The 8th edition also improved prognostic staging for nonsmall cell lung cancer and reclassified 26.4% of stage 4 prostate cancer patients under the 7th edition into stages 3 or 4A, showing 2-year survival rates above 90%. Our study highlights the 8th edition's refined capacity for stage-specific survival distinctions and reclassification of cases to enhance prognostication in certain cancers within Taiwan. We recommend a comprehensive evaluation when adopting a new edition or version.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1735-1742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among household contacts with recent vaccination and past COVID-19 infection: results from 2 multisite case-ascertained household transmission studies. 近期接种过疫苗且曾感染过 COVID-19 的家庭接触者感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险降低：两项多地点病例确定家庭传播研究的结果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae334

Melissa A Rolfes, H Keipp Talbot, Kerry Grace Morrissey, Melissa S Stockwell, Yvonne Maldonado, Huong Q Nguyen, Karen Lutrick, Natalie M Bowman, Suchitra Rao, Hector S Izurieta, Yuwei Zhu, James Chappell, Steph Battan-Wraith, Lori S Merrill, Son McClaren, Ellen Sano, Joshua G Petrie, Jessica Biddle, Sheroi Johnson, Philip Salvatore, Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat, Edwin J Asturias, Jessica T Lin, Katherine D Ellingson, Edward A Belongia, Vanessa Olivo, Alexandra M Mellis, Carlos G Grijalva

{"title":"Reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among household contacts with recent vaccination and past COVID-19 infection: results from 2 multisite case-ascertained household transmission studies.","authors":"Melissa A Rolfes, H Keipp Talbot, Kerry Grace Morrissey, Melissa S Stockwell, Yvonne Maldonado, Huong Q Nguyen, Karen Lutrick, Natalie M Bowman, Suchitra Rao, Hector S Izurieta, Yuwei Zhu, James Chappell, Steph Battan-Wraith, Lori S Merrill, Son McClaren, Ellen Sano, Joshua G Petrie, Jessica Biddle, Sheroi Johnson, Philip Salvatore, Sarah E Smith-Jeffcoat, Edwin J Asturias, Jessica T Lin, Katherine D Ellingson, Edward A Belongia, Vanessa Olivo, Alexandra M Mellis, Carlos G Grijalva","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae334","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae334","url":null,"abstract":"Households are a primary setting for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We examined the role of prior SARS-CoV-2 immunity on the risk of infection in household close contacts. Households in the United States with an individual who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from September 2021 to May 2023 were enrolled if the index case's illness began ≤ 6 days prior. Household members had daily self-collected nasal swabs tested by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2. The effects of prior SARS-CoV-2 immunity (vaccination, prior infection, or hybrid immunity) on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among household contacts were assessed by robust, clustered multivariable Poisson regression. Of 1532 contacts (905 households), 8% had immunity from prior infection alone, 51% from vaccination alone, 29% hybrid immunity, and 11% had no prior immunity. Sixty percent of contacts tested SARS-CoV-2 positive during follow-up. The adjusted risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was lowest among contacts with vaccination and prior infection (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.93, compared with contacts with no prior immunity) and was lowest when the last immunizing event occurred ≤ 6 months before COVID-19 affected the household (aRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.83). In high-transmission settings like households, immunity from COVID-19 vaccination and prior infection was synergistic in protecting household contacts from SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1603-1610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovating a community-driven enumeration and needs assessment of people experiencing homelessness: a network sampling approach for the HUD-mandated point-in-time count. 创新社区驱动的无家可归者计数和需求评估：针对住房和城市发展部授权的时间点计数的网络抽样方法。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae342

Zack W Almquist, Ihsan Kahveci, Mary Ashley Hazel, Owen Kajfasz, Janelle Rothfolk, Claire Guilmette, M C Anderson, Larisa Ozeryansky, Amy Hagopian

{"title":"Innovating a community-driven enumeration and needs assessment of people experiencing homelessness: a network sampling approach for the HUD-mandated point-in-time count.","authors":"Zack W Almquist, Ihsan Kahveci, Mary Ashley Hazel, Owen Kajfasz, Janelle Rothfolk, Claire Guilmette, M C Anderson, Larisa Ozeryansky, Amy Hagopian","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae342","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae342","url":null,"abstract":"To enumerate people experiencing homelessness in the United States, the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) mandates its designated local jurisdictions regularly conduct a crude census of this population. This Point-in-Time (PIT) body count, typically conducted on a January night by volunteers with flashlights and clipboards, is often followed by interviews with a separate convenience sample. Here, we propose employing a network-based (peer-referral) respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method to generate a representative sample of unsheltered people, accompanied by a novel method to generate a statistical estimate of the number of unsheltered people in the jurisdiction. First, we develop a power analysis for the sample size of our RDS survey to count unsheltered people experiencing homelessness. Then, we conducted 3 large-scale population-representative samples in King County, WA (Seattle metro) in 2022, 2023, and 2024. We describe the data collection and the application of our new method, comparing the 2020 PIT count (the last visual PIT count performed in King County) to the new method of 2022 and 2024 PIT counts. We conclude with a discussion and future directions. This article is part of a Special Collection on Methods in Social Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1524-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combined impact of dynamic air pollution and transportation noise on cardiometabolic disorders in San Diego County. 动态空气污染和交通噪声对圣地亚哥县心脏代谢疾病的综合影响。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae117

Blanche Berneron, Jiue-An Yang, Marta M Jankowska, Tarik Benmarhnia, Noémie Letellier

{"title":"Combined impact of dynamic air pollution and transportation noise on cardiometabolic disorders in San Diego County.","authors":"Blanche Berneron, Jiue-An Yang, Marta M Jankowska, Tarik Benmarhnia, Noémie Letellier","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae117","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae117","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution and noise exposure may synergistically contribute to increased cardiometabolic disorders; however, few studies have examined this potential interaction or considered exposures beyond residential location. The combined impact of dynamic air pollution and transportation noise on cardiometabolic disorders in San Diego County was investigated. Using data from the Community of Mine Study (2014-2017), 602 ethnically diverse participants were assessed for obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), using anthropometric measurements and biomarkers from blood samples. Time-weighted measures of exposure to fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and road and aircraft noise were calculated using global positioning system mobility data and kernel density estimation. Generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations. Interactions were assessed on the multiplicative and additive scales using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). We found that air pollution and noise interact to affect metabolic disorders on both multiplicative and additive scales. The effect of noise on obesity and MetS was higher when air pollution level was higher. The RERIs of aircraft noise and NO2 on obesity and MetS were 0.13 (95% CI, 0.03-0.22) and 0.13 (95% CI, 0.02-0.25), respectively. These findings suggest aircraft noise and air pollution may have synergistic effects on obesity and MetS. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1515-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited commentary: raising a high-pressure alarm about pediatric hypertension. 特约评论：小儿高血压的高压警报。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae099

Scott L Weiss

{"title":"Invited commentary: raising a high-pressure alarm about pediatric hypertension.","authors":"Scott L Weiss","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae099","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a common \"silent killer\" in adult medicine, but epidemiologic estimates of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents are challenged by under-diagnosis and resultant low utilization of relevant administrative or billing codes. In the article by Horgan et al (Am J Epidemiol 2025;194(2):407-419), children and adolescents with hypertension and elevated blood pressure were identified using direct assessment of blood pressure measurements available in the electronic health record from both inpatient and outpatient visits (\"clinical cohort\") in comparison to diagnosis codes (\"claims-based cohort\"). The study population included 3.75 million pediatric healthcare visits available in the US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System. While the study applied a relatively novel methodology to interrogate available clinical data within the EHR to better understand the prevalence of pediatric hypertension and raised concern for a higher occurrence of hypertension among children and adolescents than previously realized using claims codes, the utility of the prevalence estimates may be limited by the potential for misclassification bias inherent in electronic health records data. However, these data raise important concerns about relaying solely on ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM codes to quantify the epidemiology of pediatric hypertension and highlight opportunities to address elevated blood pressure in children that could improve long-term cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1496-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representation and inclusion among members and affiliates of the Society for Epidemiologic Research: findings from the 2021 diversity and inclusion survey. 流行病学研究学会会员和附属机构的代表性和包容性：2021 年多样性和包容性调查的结果。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae104

David J X González, Brooke S Staley, Sarah B Andrea, Elizabeth A DeVilbiss, David S Fink, Courtney Peña, Domonique M Reed, Mary V Díaz Santana, Luther-King O Fasehun, A J Alvero, Obafemi Babalola, Victor Puac-Polanco, Caroline A Thompson, Cara L Frankenfeld, Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes, David S Lopez, Hoda S Abdel Magid

引用次数: 0

Applying a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to examine excess county-level cardiovascular disease death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. 应用贝叶斯时空模型研究 COVID-19 大流行期间县级心血管疾病的过高死亡率。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae330

Adam S Vaughan, Harrison Quick, Kara B Beck, Rebecca C Woodruff, David DeLara, Michele Casper

{"title":"Applying a Bayesian spatiotemporal model to examine excess county-level cardiovascular disease death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Adam S Vaughan, Harrison Quick, Kara B Beck, Rebecca C Woodruff, David DeLara, Michele Casper","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae330","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae330","url":null,"abstract":"Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, national cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates increased, especially among younger adults. County-level variation has not been documented. Using county-level CVD deaths (ICD-10 codes: I00-I99) from the US National Vital Statistics System, we developed a Bayesian multivariate spatiotemporal model to estimate excess CVD death rates in 2020 based on trends from 2010 to 2019 for adults aged 35-64 and ≥ 65 years. Among adults aged 35-64 years, 64.7% of counties experienced significant excess CVD death rates. The median county-level CVD death rate in 2020 was 150 per 100 000 persons, which exceeded the predicted rate for 2020 (median excess death rate, 11 per 100 000; median excess rate ratio, 1.08). Among adults aged ≥65 years, 15.2% of counties experienced significant excess CVD death rates. The median county-level CVD death rate was 1546 per 100 000 in 2020, which exceeded the predicted rate in 2020 (median excess death rate, 48 per 100 000; median excess rate ratio, 1.03). Counties with significant excess death rates in 2020 were geographically dispersed. In 2020, disruptions of county-level CVD death rates were widespread, especially among younger adults, suggesting the continued importance of CVD prevention and treatment in younger adults in communities across the country.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1556-1565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The meaning of "harm" in personalized medicine-an alternative perspective. 个性化医疗中“伤害”的含义——另一种观点。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae441

Scott Mueller, Judea Pearl

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous effects of increased availability of alcohol on hospitalization due to external causes: quasi-experimental evidence from the introduction of Saturday opening at Swedish alcohol retail stores. 酒精供应量增加对因外部原因住院治疗的异质性影响。瑞典酒类零售店周六营业的准实验证据。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae208

Ylva B Almquist, Lars Brännström, Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Mikael Rostila

{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of increased availability of alcohol on hospitalization due to external causes: quasi-experimental evidence from the introduction of Saturday opening at Swedish alcohol retail stores.","authors":"Ylva B Almquist, Lars Brännström, Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Mikael Rostila","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae208","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae208","url":null,"abstract":"Responses to increased alcohol availability may vary across the population as a function of differential vulnerability. This study therefore aimed to examine the effects of the implementation of Saturday opening at the Swedish alcohol retail monopoly in 2000 on risks of hospitalization due to external causes (HEC) among different population subgroups. Leveraging the experimental design of the reform, longitudinal difference-in-differences analyses were applied to a register-based cohort of individuals aged 20-40 at the time of implementation. The population was stratified into groups of Swedish, Finnish, and Middle Eastern origin, known to represent different levels of alcohol consumption and rates of alcohol-related morbidity. Results showed a 17.7% increase (P < .029) in the risk of HEC among individuals of Finnish origin, as jointly caused by both increased prevalence in the experiment area and decreased prevalence in the control area. The increase was primarily driven by younger men with lower levels of education. Those of Swedish origin exhibited largely similar patterns (9.7% increase; P < .001), while no measurable impact was observed among individuals of Middle Eastern origin (-21.4% decrease; P < .076). The findings confirm that increasing alcohol availability contributes to the disease burden related to alcohol among population subgroups already susceptible to its effects.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1717-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the certainty of the evidence in systematic reviews: importance, process, and use. 评估系统综述中证据的确定性：重要性、过程和使用。

IF 5 2区医学

American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae332

Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Gordon H Guyatt

{"title":"Assessing the certainty of the evidence in systematic reviews: importance, process, and use.","authors":"Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Gordon H Guyatt","doi":"10.1093/aje/kwae332","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aje/kwae332","url":null,"abstract":"When interpreting results and drawing conclusions, authors of systematic reviews should consider the limitations of the evidence included in their review. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach provides a framework for the explicit consideration of the limitations of the evidence included in a systematic review, and for incorporating this assessment into the conclusions. Assessments of certainty of evidence are a methodological expectation of systematic reviews. The certainty of the evidence is specific to each outcome in a systematic review and can be rated as high, moderate, low, or very low. Because it will have an important impact, before assessing the certainty of evidence, reviewers must clarify the intent of their question: are they interested in causation or association. Serious concerns regarding limitations in the study design, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness, and publication bias can decrease the certainty of the evidence. Using an example, this article describes and illustrates the importance and the steps for assessing the certainty of evidence and drawing accurate conclusions in a systematic review.","PeriodicalId":7472,"journal":{"name":"American journal of epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1681-1686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0