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Allelism of Uncharacterized Dwarf Mutants in Maize.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001504
Jeffery L Gustin, Shane A Zimmerman, Martin M Sachs
{"title":"Allelism of Uncharacterized Dwarf Mutants in Maize.","authors":"Jeffery L Gustin, Shane A Zimmerman, Martin M Sachs","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001504","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gibberellic acid (GA) is a phytohormone that is important for plant growth and development. Mutants in GA biosynthesis, signaling and metabolism have been critical to understanding the role GA plays in plants. GA mutants have also revolutionized global production of staple crops such as rice, wheat, and barley. GA mutants have been isolated in maize and characterization of the underlying genes has helped map the GA biosynthesis and signaling pathways. However, the number of maize dwarf mutants is far less than other species. Here, we identify new dwarf mutants that could benefit our understanding of maize plant height control.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In silico identification and analysis of paralogs encoding enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001425
Rossana Zaru, Steven J Marygold
{"title":"<i>In silico</i> identification and analysis of paralogs encoding enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Rossana Zaru, Steven J Marygold","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001425","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification and characterization of gene paralogs is crucial to understand the functional contribution of individual genes/proteins to biological pathways. Here, we have identified 51 genes belonging to fifteen paralogous groups encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> . Strikingly, most paralogous groups comprise a single 'canonical' enzyme that is expressed ubiquitously and one or more variants expressed predominantly in the testis. Most of these testis-specific forms are predicted to be catalytically inactive, suggesting they may have adopted regulatory roles. This work will aid the planning and interpretation of experimental studies of several Drosophila metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PBMC and fibroblast cocultures to mimic the in vivo effect of BCG on trained immunity.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001449
David Merriam, Adriana Weinberg
{"title":"PBMC and fibroblast cocultures to mimic the <i>in vivo</i> effect of BCG on trained immunity.","authors":"David Merriam, Adriana Weinberg","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001449","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BCG greatly stimulates innate immune cells. Previous studies demonstrated that BCG-stimulated monocytes develop trained immunity whereby they respond to homologous and heterologous antigens. Previous studies used isolated monocytes or animal models to study BCG-induced trained immunity, which have benefits and limitations. To approximate <i>in vivo</i> conditions, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BCG-treated human fibroblasts. We found that compared with BCG stimulation, the addition of fibroblasts increased the expression of IFN-γ in NK and γδ T cells and of TNF-α and IL-10 in monocytes. We conclude that BCG-treated fibroblasts offer advantages over BCG alone for studying trained immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Localization and expression dynamics of an RNA Pol I core subunit in response to fasting in C. elegans.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001472
Nada Al-Refaie, Francesco Padovani, Kurt M Schmoller, Daphne S Cabianca
{"title":"Localization and expression dynamics of an RNA Pol I core subunit in response to fasting in <i>C. elegans</i>.","authors":"Nada Al-Refaie, Francesco Padovani, Kurt M Schmoller, Daphne S Cabianca","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001472","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrient availability influences ribosome biogenesis, requiring dynamic regulation of RNA Pol I activity. In <i>C. elegans</i> , fasting reduces pre-rRNA levels. However, whether this reduction stems from a regulation of RNA Pol I expression remains unclear. Here, we examined how the nutritional status affects the localization and expression levels of RPOA-2 , a core subunit of RNA Pol I, in the intestine. We found that RPOA-2 retains its nucleolar localization regardless of animals being fed, fasted or fed after fasting. Interestingly, fasting reduces RPOA-2 protein amounts which are restored upon feeding. These findings suggest that the availability of RNA Pol I core subunits contributes to the regulation of rDNA transcription in response to nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spermless males fail to remedy the low fecundity of parthenogenetic females in D. melanogaster.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001446
Lewis I Held, Surya J Banerjee, Dylan W Schwilk, Souvik Roy, Kambre A Huddleston, Jason J Shin
{"title":"Spermless males fail to remedy the low fecundity of parthenogenetic females in <i>D. melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Lewis I Held, Surya J Banerjee, Dylan W Schwilk, Souvik Roy, Kambre A Huddleston, Jason J Shin","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001446","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent construction of a parthenogenetic strain of <i>D. melanogaster</i> offers new avenues of research, but this potential is limited by the stock's abysmal fecundity. We tried using spermless (placebo) males to \"trick\" the virgins into producing more offspring, but the boost that we achieved proved to be short-lived due to premature death of the mothers. To explore the cause of this mortality, we compared the lifespans of parthenogenetic vs. wild-type females when mated with spermless males. We found that parthenogenetic females are less robust than wild-females when raised alone but are more resistant to harm from spermless males.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mutations of nhr-49 affect C. elegans susceptibility to Yersinia biofilms.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001522
Jonathan Hodgkin, Dave Stroud, Delia O'Rourke
{"title":"Mutations of <i>nhr-49</i> affect <i>C. elegans</i> susceptibility to <i>Yersinia</i> biofilms.","authors":"Jonathan Hodgkin, Dave Stroud, Delia O'Rourke","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001522","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>C. elegans</i> transcription factor NHR-49 has been extensively studied for its functions in regulating metabolic processes, stress responses, innate immunity and aging. Molecular identification of a gene previously known as <i>bah-3</i> , which affects susceptibility of worms to deleterious surface attachment of bacterial biofilms from <i>Yersinia spp.,</i> revealed that <i>bah-3 ( dc9 )</i> is an ochre nonsense allele of <i>nhr-49</i> . Other severe mutations of <i>nhr-49</i> also had a Bah phenotype, but deletions affecting 5' isoforms of the gene did not affect biofilm attachment, nor did 3' gain-of-function missense mutations. Other <i>bah</i> genes ( <i>bah-1 , bah-2 , bah-4</i> ) encode GT92 glycosylation factors, predicted to affect surface coat. NHR-49 may act as a positive transcription factor for one or more of these surface glycosylation genes, in contrast to its other roles in regulating metabolic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glowing worms: A low-cost fluorescence kit for toxicological education using Caenorhabditis elegans.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001506
Sakina Shahid, Chiara Klein, Joel N Meyer, Javier Huayta
{"title":"Glowing worms: A low-cost fluorescence kit for toxicological education using <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Sakina Shahid, Chiara Klein, Joel N Meyer, Javier Huayta","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001506","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposures to metals such as lead and cadmium due to environmental pollution cause cardiovascular, liver, kidney, and other diseases. We used the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> paired with an inexpensive \"do-it-yourself\" fluorescent microscopy setup to highlight the effects of cadmium exposure on expression of the metallothionein-producing gene <i>mtl-2</i> to enhance education on the effects of heavy metals. This approach enables observation of GFP fluorescence in worms outside of laboratory settings, while also allowing quantification of gene expression after chemical exposure. We developed an activity centering this experiment for the Museum of Life and Science located in Durham, NC. Participants successfully observed the effects of cadmium on <i>C. elegans</i> and made meaningful connections to both environmental and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The specificity of CTBP dehydrogenase inhibitors MTOB and 4-Cl-HIPP.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001415
Benjamin A Stickland, Franziska Greulich, Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
{"title":"The specificity of CTBP dehydrogenase inhibitors MTOB and 4-Cl-HIPP.","authors":"Benjamin A Stickland, Franziska Greulich, Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001415","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>C-terminal binding proteins (CTBPs) are conserved transcriptional repressors important in cancer and inflammation. Uniquely amongst transcriptional co-regulators, CTBPs possess a functional dehydrogenase domain. Since multiple malignancies display elevated CTBP levels, CTBP inhibitors targeting this dehydrogenase domain have been developed. While the importance of CTBPs dehydrogenase function for transcriptional regulation remains unclear, several studies have relied on CTBP inhibitors. <i>In vitro</i> experiments have confirmed binding of these compounds to CTBP's active site, however evidence for specificity is lacking. To address this, we treated wildtype and <i>Ctbp1</i> , <i>2</i> double knockout J774.1 cells with MTOB or 4-Cl-HIPP and performed RNA-seq. We observed that both inhibitors elicit distinct transcriptional changes indicating non-overlapping modes of action. Moreover, the majority of changes induced by either inhibitor are observed in <i>Ctbp1/2</i> double knockout cells suggesting off-target effects. We hypothesize that those CTBP dehydrogenase inhibitors lack specificity to CTBPs and emphasise careful revaluation of findings inferred from studies using those inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold-induced meiotic nondisjunction in D. melanogaster.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001439
Lewis I Held, Surya J Banerjee, Souvik Roy, Hariz A Nawaz, Jameson R Hanes, Gal Ritte, Peyton N Ansley, Lindsey K McCurry, Karima H Assal, Aubriana M Benson, Ria Umbrani, Owen F Vajnar, Kambre A Huddleston, Lily M Russell, Katharine A Green, Natasha N Guhl, Isaac B Ireland, Estefania Ireland, Luis A Rocha, Jamie F Meuth, Sam P Davis, Cassandra G O'pry, Jason J Shin
{"title":"Cold-induced meiotic nondisjunction in <i>D. melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Lewis I Held, Surya J Banerjee, Souvik Roy, Hariz A Nawaz, Jameson R Hanes, Gal Ritte, Peyton N Ansley, Lindsey K McCurry, Karima H Assal, Aubriana M Benson, Ria Umbrani, Owen F Vajnar, Kambre A Huddleston, Lily M Russell, Katharine A Green, Natasha N Guhl, Isaac B Ireland, Estefania Ireland, Luis A Rocha, Jamie F Meuth, Sam P Davis, Cassandra G O'pry, Jason J Shin","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001439","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virgin <i>D. melanogaster</i> females were kept at near-freezing temperatures for up to one week, whereupon they were mated. Daily collections of offspring showed evidence of spindle malfunction in meiosis, but not in earlier mitoses, despite our usage of a colder temperature (5.5˚C) than previous studies (10˚C). The greater sensitivity of meiosis than mitosis is baffling, considering that the opposite is true for males, where primary spermatocytes are most vulnerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The regulation of triglyceride storage by Acsx4 and Acsx5 in Drosophila fat tissue.
microPublication biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001430
Erick Astacio, Justin R DiAngelo
{"title":"The regulation of triglyceride storage by <i>Acsx4</i> and <i>Acsx5</i> in <i>Drosophila</i> fat tissue.","authors":"Erick Astacio, Justin R DiAngelo","doi":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001430","DOIUrl":"10.17912/micropub.biology.001430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of energy is one of the most fundamental requirements for organismal survival. Decreasing expression of <i>Drosophila</i> <i>9G8</i> , an mRNA splicing protein, specifically in adipose tissue results in triglyceride accumulation. Decreasing <i>9G8</i> in adipose also results in upregulation of the acyl-CoA synthetases <i>Acsx4</i> and <i>Acsx5</i> ; however, the functions of these genes in regulating lipid metabolism is not fully understood. Here, we decreased <i>Acsx4</i> and <i>Acsx5</i> in fly adipose tissue and this resulted in high triglycerides. This suggests that these genes regulate lipid breakdown, and their upregulation is perhaps compensating for the triglyceride accumulation observed when <i>9G8</i> levels are decreased.</p>","PeriodicalId":74192,"journal":{"name":"microPublication biology","volume":"2025 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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