PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02590-0
Intisar A. Naseef, Layla A. Wali, Alwan M. Alwan, Mehdi Q. Zayer
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Porous, Pre-etched, and Activated Silicon Surfaces as SERS Sensors","authors":"Intisar A. Naseef, Layla A. Wali, Alwan M. Alwan, Mehdi Q. Zayer","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02590-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02590-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New, easy, and less complicated formation pathways of silicon (Si) surface structures and the well-known photo-electrochemical etching process have been presented and investigated successfully. These pathways included the pre-etching and the activation processes. Significant arrays of silicon surface structures and topographies were achieved as porous, pre-etched, and activated surfaces. These structures have been used as substrates for the palladium nanoparticle (PdNP) deposition process. The investigations of the samples include structural and optical examinations. For porous silicon samples, the obtained field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results showed large microscale pores with 0.387 µm average diameter and small nanoscale pores formed inside them with 21.61 nm average diameter. Such a porous nature affords a larger surface area within a compact volume, for the pre-etched silicon samples nanoscale pores were exhibited with an average pore diameter of 62.62 nm distributed evenly on the surface. Lastly, for the activated silicon samples; the once-smooth silicon surface displays a texture with a noticeable uneven appearance, microscopic irregularities, grooves, and scarped areas with an average roughness of 6.6 µm and root mean square of 12.853 µm. It is shown that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of these structure-coated PdNP substrates could successfully detect nitrate at low concentrations. In particular, the pre-etched Si structure exhibited the highest enhancement factor of (1.79 × 10<sup>11</sup>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7239 - 7257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-02766-2
Nagham Mohamed, Sabah N. Mazhir, Saeed N. T. AlRashid
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of CdO@ZnO Core–Shell Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation: Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Activity","authors":"Nagham Mohamed, Sabah N. Mazhir, Saeed N. T. AlRashid","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-02766-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-02766-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) represents one of the best physical techniques for producing high-purity nanoparticles from top to bottom. This study employed this method to synthesize CdO@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles using an Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm at energies of 320, 520, and 720 mJ, respectively, with a total of 1000 pulses. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles sample by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which showed that the nanocomposite has a spherical or sub-spherical shape with a size ranging 50 nm. The antibacterial activity was tested against gram-positive bacteria <i>S. aureus</i> and Gram-negative bacteria <i>E. coli</i>. The results showed that the CdO@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles made using the PLAL method are very good at killing bacteria and can fight bacteria that cause disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7285 - 7291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02751-1
Hussein S. Gumaih, Md. Aslam Mollah, Yousif S. Adam, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani
{"title":"Sensitivity Enhancement of Plasmonic Sensor Using Dual Aluminum Oxide Nitride Layers for Chikungunya Virus Detection: A Numerical Analysis","authors":"Hussein S. Gumaih, Md. Aslam Mollah, Yousif S. Adam, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02751-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02751-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chikungunya is an RNA virus transmitted through mosquito bites, leading to symptoms such as fever, joint swelling, discomfort, and muscle soreness. This article proposes a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor for chikungunya virus detection, utilizing the Kretschmann configuration. The sensor’s structure includes a BK7 prism, silver (Ag), and dual layers of aluminum oxide nitride (AION). The proposed sensor is used for analyte detection by investigating refractive index (RI) changes. Numerical analysis of the proposed sensor’s reflectivity is conducted using the transfer matrix method (TMM). Optimal sensor parameters show maximum sensitivity for platelets and plasma cells of 438 °/RIU and 321 °/RIU, respectively, with figures of merit (FOM) of 143 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 188 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, detection accuracy (DA) of 0.33 /°and 0.58 /°, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1.43 and 1.88. Sensitivity enhancement is explored by varying the number and thickness of layers. The sensor performance is justified by finite element method (FEM) based COMSOL software. The sensor’s high sensitivity and stability make it potentially useful for biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7259 - 7269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02684-9
Saba J. Kadhem
{"title":"Harnessing Spark Discharge Plasma: Innovative Synthesis of Si NPs and Si@Al Nanoparticles in an Aquatic Environment","authors":"Saba J. Kadhem","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02684-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02684-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aims to produce two types of nanoparticles: pure silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and silicon nanoparticles decorated with aluminum nanoparticles (Si@Al) using the electric explosion spark strip technique. The electron temperature T<sub>e</sub> and electron number density n<sub>e</sub> of aluminum plasma were calculated using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for different exploding currents, as they significantly impact the decoration process’ efficiency. The electron temperature (0.58865–1.14220 eV) and density (12.80737 × 1017 cm<sup>−3</sup>–16.39344 × 1017 cm<sup>−3</sup>) increased with increasing exploding current. Si nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile nanomaterials used in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, catalysis, and medicine. Samples were prepared using explosion currents ranging from 50 to 250 A with increments of 50 A. The properties of Si and (Si/Al) NPs were studied using XRD, UV–Visible spectrometer, and TEM. XRD shows that the crystalline size of Si NPs decreases from 36.18 to 29 nm. TEM images also prove the same result in the Si nanoparticle size which decreases from 38.0 to 30.2 nm with increasing explosion currents. The size of Si NPs decorated with Al NPs increases with increasing explosion currents, as shown in TEM images. The antibacterial effectiveness of Si NPs was tested against three types of bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (Pseudo)). The results showed the efficiency of silicone particles in inhibiting the activity of germs so that they can be used to kill pathogenic bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7271 - 7283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02622-9
Ali A. Khudhair, Sabah N. Mazhir, Mohammed G. Hammed
{"title":"Effect of High-Purity Ag@ ZnO Core Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized by Pulse Laser Ablation Technique: Evaluation of Skin Cancer Cells","authors":"Ali A. Khudhair, Sabah N. Mazhir, Mohammed G. Hammed","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02622-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02622-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies indicate that nanocomposites composed of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have effective anti-skin cancer activity. However, the methods for manufacturing these nanocomposites often require cumbersome laboratory conditions. This study presents a simple and uncomplicated technique for manufacturing nanocomposites with a core and a shell of silver as the core and ZnO as the shell, using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). This technique deals with solid targets that are easy to obtain with a high degree of purity, which helps to reduce the impurities of the nanocomposites that can negatively or positively affect the interactions with skin cancer cells and thus observe the full actual effect of the ZnO nanoparticle formulation. The optical properties were determined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The crystal structure was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanocomposite has a spherical or sub-spherical shape with a size ranging from 45 to 50 nm. The sample surface and compositions were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The sample topography was described as smooth by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Zeta potential analysis indicated a moderate electrostatic equilibrium at − 15.2 mV. Thus, the anti-skin cancer activity of the pure nanocomposite was confirmed by MTT assay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7195 - 7207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02516-w
Younes Mousania, Salman Karimi, Ali Farmani
{"title":"Designing High-Performance SPR Biosensor Using Hybrid Structure of BifeO3 and 2D Material for SARS-CoV-2 Detection","authors":"Younes Mousania, Salman Karimi, Ali Farmani","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02516-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02516-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present an improved surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical biosensor specifically designed to identify and detect medical analytes, with a particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The proposed biosensor utilizes a hybrid structure of Au-Ag-BiFeO3-Graphene on a BK7 prism, employing a modified Kretschmann configuration. This structure has been meticulously optimized to ensure that the reflectivity curve of the surface plasmon resonance is minimized to zero, enhancing the sensor’s performance. The design and analysis were conducted using ANSYS Lumbrical software, leveraging the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method for precise simulation. The improved results have been obtained by optimizing the thickness of the gold, silver, and BifeO3 layers, fine-tuning the meshes of different areas of the structure, and adjusting the angle at which light strikes the prism. The performance metrics of the proposed biosensor are impressive, with sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), figure of merit (FOM), quality factor (QF), combined sensitive factor (CSF), and also the limit of detection (LOD) obtained as 454.1 [deg/RIU], 1.34 [1/deg], 139.95 [RIU<sup>−1</sup>], 153.62 [RIU<sup>−1</sup>], 126.66 and 2.20 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, respectively. The biosensor presented in this paper is practical and capable of construction and development and hopes to create a new horizon for the detection of bio-analytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7209 - 7228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02707-5
L. A. Galeana Gómez, G. González de la Cruz
{"title":"Transverse-Electric Surface Plasmon in Graphene Under Uniform Strain","authors":"L. A. Galeana Gómez, G. González de la Cruz","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02707-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02707-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared to surface plasmon polariton in metals, graphene can support transverse electric (TE) surface modes when the imaginary part of its conductivity is negative. TE graphene plasmons are generally weakly confined in direction perpendicular to the graphene plane, and they cannot be resonantly excited by an external incident wave because their dispersion curve spectrally lies just below the light line. In this work, we investigate theoretically the light reflectance of a graphene layer under uniform strain on the top of a one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of high and low-index dielectric materials and a material film layer on the graphene sheet. The strain not only changes the electronic band structure but also can be employed to influence the electronic collective excitations and thus the optical reflectance of graphene monolayers. We demonstrate that TE plasmon excitation is based on the observation of a pronounced sharp minimum in the reflection coefficient of the suggested photonic structure upon the incident angle, the wavelength, and refractive index. Therefore, the graphene under uniform strain on the photonic structure is found to be promising in the fabrication of optical sensors devices with TE plasmons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7171 - 7181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11468-024-02707-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02724-4
S. F. Haddawi, Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini, R. A. Ejbarah, S. M. Hamidi, Mahmood Kazemzad
{"title":"Chitosan-C3N4-Plasmonic Nanocomposite as a Generation of Scatterer Points for Random Laser Application","authors":"S. F. Haddawi, Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini, R. A. Ejbarah, S. M. Hamidi, Mahmood Kazemzad","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02724-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02724-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The random laser is a unique optical device based on multi-light scattering, and the scatterer point was used to provide the reflection mechanism. Therefore, selecting the scatterer points is significant in designing the random laser. In this study, plasmonic (gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles) chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were prepared using a laser ablation technique. The prepared samples have been characterized using analytical methods. So, the chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-gold nanocomposite and chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-silver nanocomposite have formed with a maximum crystal size of about 24 nm and 20 nm. The experiment confirmed the chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-gold nanoparticles are suitable for random laser and the threshold is higher than other chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-silver nanoparticles and chitosan-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7183 - 7193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1007/s11468-024-02646-1
P. Sangeetha, N. Ayyanar, G. Prabhakar, S. Rajaram
{"title":"Study Review of Optical Biosensors Based on 2D Materials","authors":"P. Sangeetha, N. Ayyanar, G. Prabhakar, S. Rajaram","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02646-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02646-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrating 2D materials with optical biosensors has emerged as a key focus in modern research. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and other 2D materials possess distinct optical properties that make them highly effective for detecting a diverse array of biomolecules. Modifying these 2D materials improves optical biosensors, offering benefits over conventional sensors, including greater sensitivity and lower detection limits. This review examines optical biosensors that employ a range of 2D materials. Initially, it explores different biomolecule detection methods, including Surface Plasmon Resonance, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, and Evanescent Wave techniques, alongside the properties, preparation, and integration strategies of 2D materials. Next, it provides an overview of optical biosensors that utilize 2D materials. Additionally, the review explores the uses of these optical biosensors in biomedicine. Finally, it anticipates future advancements in optical biosensors, suggesting that ongoing research will facilitate their commercialization and subsequently enhance quality of life in multiple ways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7155 - 7169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticle Delivery, Synthesis, and Emerging Applications in Cancer Therapy","authors":"Shamim, Shadab Ali, Tarmeen Ali, Himanchal Sharma, Braj Nandan Kishor, Sudhanshu Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1007/s11468-024-02732-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-024-02732-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The monodisperse gold nanoparticles have unique characteristics like their high surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, and biocompatibility, which have made them a revolutionary tool in cancer therapeutics. Their consistent size and shape ensure predictable behaviour and interactions in biological systems, making them perfect for gene therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and precision drug delivery. Targeting molecules, like antibodies or peptides, can functionalize monodisperse gold nanoparticles to enable selective binding to cancer cells, reduce target effects, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Developing extremely homogeneous nanoparticles appropriate for biomedical applications has been made possible by developments in synthesis techniques, such as seed-mediated growth, chemical reduction, and green synthesis. The real-time tracking and treatment monitoring is made possible by gold nanoparticle’s unique optical characteristics, especially surface plasmon resonance, further strengthening their use in imaging and diagnostics. Combining gold nanoparticles with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, or photodynamic therapy is one example of a combined therapeutic approach that has demonstrated promise in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Clinical translation still needs to be improved by scalability, stability, and biocompatibility issues. To fully utilize monodisperse gold nanoparticle’s potential in cancer treatment, ongoing research attempts to enhance functionalization efficiency, optimize synthesis methods, and investigate new therapeutic combinations. This review provides insights into the growing role of monodisperse gold nanoparticles in oncology by highlighting recent developments in their synthesis and use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 9","pages":"7121 - 7141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}