Study Review of Optical Biosensors Based on 2D Materials

Integrating 2D materials with optical biosensors has emerged as a key focus in modern research. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and other 2D materials possess distinct optical properties that make them highly effective for detecting a diverse array of biomolecules. Modifying these 2D materials improves optical biosensors, offering benefits over conventional sensors, including greater sensitivity and lower detection limits. This review examines optical biosensors that employ a range of 2D materials. Initially, it explores different biomolecule detection methods, including Surface Plasmon Resonance, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, and Evanescent Wave techniques, alongside the properties, preparation, and integration strategies of 2D materials. Next, it provides an overview of optical biosensors that utilize 2D materials. Additionally, the review explores the uses of these optical biosensors in biomedicine. Finally, it anticipates future advancements in optical biosensors, suggesting that ongoing research will facilitate their commercialization and subsequently enhance quality of life in multiple ways.