Plasmonics最新文献

{"title":"Coherent Control of Vortex Plasmon Polariton Waves at the Interface of a Five-Level High-Magneto-Optical Medium and Silver-Silica Nanocomposite Material","authors":"Shehzad Khan,&nbsp;Laila A. AL-Essa,&nbsp;Mati ur Rahman,&nbsp;Nawal H. Siddig","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03392-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03392-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The propagation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves is coherently manipulated at the interface between a five-level high-magneto-optical medium and a silver-silica nanocomposite material using driven optical vortex control fields. The optical response of the high-magneto-optical medium is analyzed using density matrix formalism, where the optical vortex fields are introduced through spatially dependent Rabi frequencies. The real part of the SSP dispersion relation <span>(Re(k_{sp}))</span> is controlled in the range <span>(1.765k_0le Re(k_{sp}(x,y))le 1.925k_0)</span>, exhibiting helical distributions of maxima and minima in the spatial region <span>(-2lambda le x,yle 2lambda )</span>. The damping spectrum of the SPP varies in the range of <span>(0.120k_0le Im(k_{sp}(x,y))le 0.275k_0)</span>, also showing a vortex-dependent spatial distribution. The group index varies in the range of <span>(365le n^{sp}_g(x,y)le 537)</span>, while the corresponding group velocity varies in the range of <span>(5.3times 10^5m/sle v^{sp}_g(x,y)le 7.7times 10^5m/s)</span>. The number of maxima and minima increases with increasing orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the optical vortex control fields for <span>(ell =1,2,3,4)</span>. The modified results of our manuscript is useful for biosensing, photovoltaic devices and, advanced sensor technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2645 - 2657"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NeuroPCF-ML: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach for Brain Tissue Characterization through Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensing","authors":"Sonia Akter,&nbsp;Hasan Abdullah,&nbsp;Mohammad Asaduzzaman Khan","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03393-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03393-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The early diagnosis of neurological disorders and the advancement of non-invasive clinical sensing both demand accurate brain tissue characterization, a task conventional optical techniques struggle to deliver due to limitations in sensitivity, stability, and interpretability. To address these gaps, we propose an approach that integrates PCF-based biosensing with machine learning, all within an explainable AI paradigm, to achieve highly accurate brain tissue analysis. The designed PCF incorporates a gold-coated plasmonic structure, numerically optimized using the Finite Element Method (FEM), to generate high-fidelity optical datasets. Six regression models including, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Random Forest Regressor (RFR), Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), and XGBoost Regressor (XGBR) were evaluated to predict key optical parameters, including confinement loss (CLoss) and wavelength sensitivity (WS). Explainable AI methods, namely SHAP and LIME, were implemented to interpret global and local feature contributions, ensuring transparency and trustworthiness. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that the XGBR model achieved superior performance with <span>(R^{2}=0.9663)</span>, <span>(MAE=8.47times 10^{-6})</span>, and <span>(MSE=3.75times 10^{-5})</span>, while attaining exceptional wavelength sensitivity of <span>(13357.66,text {nm/RIU})</span> and a figure of merit (FOM) of <span>(49.67,text {RIU}^{-1})</span>. The findings validate NeuroPCF-ML as a highly sensitive, interpretable, and data-driven tool for next-generation photonic biosensors in clinical neurodiagnostics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2579 - 2603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histidine-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles: Molecular Interaction–Driven Spectrophotometric Sensing of Sulfur-Containing Drugs","authors":"Mohammed A. Kassem,&nbsp;M. Khairy,&nbsp;Hadeel A. Sadeeq,&nbsp;M. I. Awad","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03389-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03389-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A rapid and sensitive colorimetric method was developed for the determination of the sulfur-containing drugs carbocisteine (CAR) and methionine (MET) using α-histidine-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a first reported spectrophotometric probe for these drugs. These nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction and subsequently stabilized with α-histidine to form a stable colloidal system (Sol 25). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometrically and voltammetrically to confirm nanoparticle formation, morphology, and electrochemical behavior. The sensing mechanism is based on the interaction between the sulfur-containing drugs and the surface of the stabilized AgNPs, which induces nanoparticle aggregation and results in a noticeable decrease in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption intensity at approximately 390 nm. Several experimental parameters that could affect the analytical response were systematically investigated, including buffer type, pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength. The optimal analytical conditions were achieved using borate buffer at pH 9.0 and room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration relationships were obtained within the concentration ranges of 1.0–10.0 µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 1.5–15.0 µg mL⁻¹ for MET, with correlation coefficients of 0.9944 and 0.9714, respectively. The developed method exhibited good sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.322 µg mL⁻¹ for CAR and 0.403 µg mL⁻¹ for MET. The applicability of the proposed method was successfully demonstrated through the determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked blood serum samples, yielding good recovery values and acceptable precision. These results indicate that α-histidine-stabilized AgNPs provide an efficient, selective and cost-effective colorimetric sensing platform for the determination of sulfur-containing drugs, offering advantages such as simplicity, rapid response, and simple preparation compared with conventional analytical techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2733 - 2747"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metasurface-Enhanced Graphene Leaf-Inspired Reconfigurable Antenna for High-gain 6G Terahertz Applications Optimized Using Machine Learning","authors":"Amany A. Megahed,&nbsp;Marwa E. Mousa,&nbsp;A. J. A. Al-Gburi,&nbsp;Rania Hamdy Elabd","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03391-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03391-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work introduces a high-performance frequency-reconfigurable leaf-inspired antenna (FRLA) operating in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The proposed design methodology consists of several stages, including the development of a bio-inspired leaf-shaped antenna, the integration of a graphene-based metasurface reflector for gain enhancement, the implementation of multi-state reconfigurable switching, and the application of machine learning for antenna performance optimization. The leaf-inspired antenna with asymmetric branches is fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate to achieve increased electrical length while maintaining a compact size of 310 μm × 380 μm. Frequency reconfigurability is achieved by incorporating eight graphene switches, enabling the antenna to operate in ten different frequency modes ranging from 0.74 THz to 1.37 THz, with an approximate fractional bandwidth variation of 59.7%. To further enhance the directive gain, a metasurface reflector (MSR) consisting of a 5 × 5 hexagonal unit-cell arrangement is strategically integrated beneath the antenna structure. A Gradient Boosting machine learning model was employed to optimize both the distance of the graphene switches from the antenna feed line and the spacing between the FRLA and the MSR. The optimal switch distance was found to be 11.929 μm, while the optimal FRLA–MSR separation distance was determined to be 211.364 μm. Simulation results demonstrate a maximum predicted gain of 9.06 dBi, which was validated through CST simulations with a realized gain of 9.13 dBi, along with a radiation efficiency of 97%. The proposed design offers a promising solution for adaptive 6G communication and sensing networks. Unlike previously reported designs, the proposed approach uniquely combines bio-inspired geometries, graphene-enabled tunability, metasurface-based gain enhancement, and intelligent machine-learning optimization within a single THz antenna platform, thereby achieving an effective balance between compactness, flexibility, and high performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2619 - 2644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructively Integrated Graphene Infrared Emitter with Angle-Programmable Emission Patterns for Flexible Array Displays","authors":"Shuqi Han,&nbsp;Kaixi Bi,&nbsp;Jialiang Chen,&nbsp;Yibo Wang,&nbsp;Jianqiu Yao,&nbsp;Yifan Li,&nbsp;Linyu Mei,&nbsp;Jian He","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03387-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03387-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Broadband infrared (IR) emitters are essential for nondestructive inspection, process monitoring, and dynamic displays; however, simultaneously controlling emission footprint and spectral output in a scalable platform remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an intact-graphene IR emitter integrated on a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) via wet transfer, enabling cost-effective, large-area fabrication. Rather than aiming to maximize absolute emissivity, this work exploits graphene as an atomically thin, electrically reconfigurable electro-thermal medium for spatially programmable IR emission. Angle-engineered butterfly electrodes reshape the local electric field and Joule-heating distribution, allowing reversible programming of the spatial thermal-IR profile without chemical doping, surface functionalization, or composite formation. The continuous two-dimensional conductivity, broadband optical response, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with van der Waals integration make graphene particularly suitable for programmable flexible IR sources. Spectroscopy confirms broadband emission in both the near-IR (1–3 μm) and mid-to-long-wave IR (5–25 μm) bands, with band-averaged normalized intensity tunable from 0.70 to 0.80 (1–3 μm) and 0.08–0.62 (5–25 μm) by electrode-angle modulation. Thermal-IR imaging further shows that the emission footprint length is continuously tunable from 5 to 50 mm. The device endures &gt; 10,000 driving cycles and retains stable performance for &gt; 200 days in ambient air. Finally, a 4 × 4 (16-pixel) flexible IR display panel based on a 5 cm × 6 cm graphene sheet delivers stable thermographic patterns under bending and rolling, highlighting a scalable route to spatially programmable graphene-based IR sources and flexible IR displays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2677 - 2687"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Numerical Analysis of a Label-free Nano Biosensor Employing a Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ Heterostructure for Enhanced Detection of Branched-chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)","authors":"Vipul Agarwal,&nbsp;Prakash Pareek,&nbsp;Lokendra Singh,&nbsp;Bukya Balaji,&nbsp;D. Sreenivasa Rao,&nbsp;Sumit Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03388-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03388-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and are emerging as important biomarkers for metabolic diseases, liver disorders, diabetes, and certain cancers. In this work, a novel Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor based on a multilayer heterostructure of SF10 prism / TiO₂ (2 nm) / Au (50 nm) / Bi₂Se₃ / MoS₂ is proposed and numerically investigated for enhanced detection of BCAAs in blood or plasma. The SF10 prism enables efficient coupling of incident light to surface plasmons due to its high refractive index. Gold (Au) is employed as the plasmonic metal owing to its excellent chemical stability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of the Bi₂Se₃/MoS₂ heterostructure enhances the electric field intensity at the metal–dielectric interface, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection figure of merit (DFoM) of the biosensor. The sensor performance is analyzed using numerical simulations based on the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), demonstrating high sensitivity to small refractive index variations in the range of 1.371–1.402, relevant for BCAA detection. Furthermore, key performance parameters such as sensitivity, quality factor, and detection accuracy indicate that the proposed sensor outperforms conventional SPR sensors, offering a promising platform for selective and label-free detection of BCAAs at micromolar concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2659 - 2675"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Chiroptical Responses of Chiral Nanocubes Coupled to Periodic Nanopore Arrays","authors":"Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Yingying Qian,&nbsp;LanLan Shen,&nbsp;Yurui Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03386-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03386-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Translating highly localized nanoscale chirality into uniform far-field chiroptical emission at the macroscopic scale remains a formidable challenge due to the severe radiative damping and spatially incoherent near-field scattering inherent to isolated nanostructures. Here, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate a general strategy to generate enhanced and highly uniform chiral emission within the measured momentum space by synergizing discrete chiral nanoparticles with localized cavity-like regions within a periodic lattice. Deviating from conventional chiral nanoparticle arrays, we strategically embed individual and inter-cavity dimer chiral Au nanocubes within a periodic gold nanopore lattice. This architecture triggers a robust hybridization between localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and lattice-mediated collective modes of the periodic structure. The sub-wavelength nanopore acts as a localized cavity-like region, efficiently coupling and concentrating delocalized lattice energy, thereby amplifying the near-field chiroptical asymmetry. Remarkably, introducing an inter-cavity dimer configuration induces a long-range multipolar coupling, leading to a reconfiguration of the hybridized modes, which is strongly correlated with the observed polarity reversal of the far-field anisotropy g-factor. Furthermore, utilizing momentum-space Stokes polarimetry, we provide evidence for a lattice-mediated collective polarization coherence, where the chaotic near-field asymmetry is successfully converted into a highly uniform angular distribution of circular polarization. This work provides a viable route to bridge the scale mismatch between nanoscale intrinsic chirality and far-field optical performance, providing a viable route for engineering planar chiral emission platforms and spin-dependent planar nanophotonic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2689 - 2696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Nonlinear Optical properties in Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles through Emulsion Capsule Characteristics","authors":"Saeed Mirzazadeh,&nbsp;Luis A. Miccio,&nbsp;Soheil Sharifi","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03384-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03384-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effect of capsule size and number on the localized surface plasmon resonance and nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Emulsions encapsulated with varying water-to-AOT surfactant ratios (X), water volume fractions (Φ), and AgNP concentrations were synthesized in the continuous phase of n-Heptane. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and the nonlinear refractive index (n₂) were measured via the Z-scan technique. These results showed conclusively that as X decreases, β substantially increases due to an improved aggregation of AgNPs, as manifested as an increase in the aggregation coefficient, κ. At the same time, a red shift in the LSPR peaks, especially for the dispersed particle peak (~ 425 nm) and the aggregate peak (~ 573 nm) was accrued. A strong correlation was established, showing that β increases with rising κ and light scattering intensity. The n₂ value was found to be affected with droplet size and concentration. This study concludes that manipulating the emulsion parameters (X and Φ) directly controls the nonlinear optical response, which in turn provides a powerful tool to tune and enhance it for potential applications in optics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2605 - 2617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Confined and Ultra-Slow Plasmon Modes in Mixed-dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures","authors":"Yao Rong,&nbsp;Jinchao Chen,&nbsp;Mingyue You,&nbsp;Da Teng","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03380-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03380-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent achievements have demonstrated that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene can support surface plasmons (SPs), however, the plasmon modes in mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on graphene and CNTs remain less explored. This study proposes a mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure based on the CNTs and graphene layer, which exploits the coupling between single-walled/double-walled carbon nanotubes (SW/DWCNTs) and graphene to excite the H₁ hybrid mode and the CM₁ and CM₂ coupled modes, respectively, achieving a group velocity as low as 10^− 3<i>c</i>, an order of magnitude lower than that of intrinsic graphene plasmons. In particular, the CM₂ mode in the double-walled structure exhibits an effective refractive index as high as 387, strong field localization with normalized mode field areas of ~ 10^− 7, low-loss transmission with <i>L</i>_P/<i>λ</i>_SP around 14, and good temperature stability. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the development of tunable plasmonic devices through dimensional engineering and offer a high-performance material platform for mid-infrared integrated photonic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2557 - 2566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic Surface Lattice Resonance Chip for Multi-Mode Refractive Index Sensing and Fluorescent Dye Discrimination","authors":"Jun Wang,&nbsp;Dan Su,&nbsp;Zong-Ru Yang,&nbsp;Pan-Qin Sun,&nbsp;Hui-Yan Ye,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhi Hu,&nbsp;Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11468-026-03383-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-026-03383-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface lattice resonance (SLR) plays a pivotal role in biosensing and nanophotonics owing to its high quality factor (Q-factor) and strong near-field localization. However, conventional SLR devices face critical bottlenecks including non-tunable optical responses, limited functional integration, and complex tuning strategies, which severely hamper their applications in complex scenarios. In this work, we report the fabrication of a sandwich-structured microfluidic chip featuring a periodic gold nanorod array (GNA) as the core optical element. This device realizes multimodal sensing integration under flexible regulation: resonance tuning via RI regulation in the absence of dyes, high-sensitivity refractive index (RI) sensing with fixed near-infrared dyes, and fluorescent dye discrimination with visible dyes. Furthermore, it can generate laser emission under optical pumping, demonstrating great potential for wavelength-encoded sensing. Experimental results demonstrate that within the RI range of 1.46–1.50, the SLR resonance peak exhibits a continuous and reversible tuning range of 18 nm, with a sensing sensitivity of 450 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 37.5. The fluorescent dye discrimination mode exhibits a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µmol/L and is capable of discriminating between different fluorescent dye molecules. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations verify that the device can generate laser emission under 800 nm femtosecond laser pumping. Within the RI range of 1.46–1.52, the laser wavelength tuning range reaches 14 nm, with an encoding sensitivity of 233 nm/RIU. This work establishes a comprehensive modulation framework covering flexible regulation, SLR mode manipulation, and multimodal sensing integration, and clarifies the physical mechanism rooted in the long-range coupling and strong near-field localization of SLR. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of multimodal integrated photonic devices, fluorescent dye detection, and high-sensitivity RI sensing systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"21 5","pages":"2709 - 2719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148458721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}