PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03117-x
Rasoul Keshavarzi, Mohammad Reza Salehi, Farzin Emami
{"title":"Enhancing the Figure of Merit in Graphene Plasmonic Sensors: The Impact of Asymmetric Gratings","authors":"Rasoul Keshavarzi, Mohammad Reza Salehi, Farzin Emami","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03117-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03117-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel plasmonic sensor architecture incorporating graphene with an asymmetric grating structure to harness the Fano resonance effect. By exploiting discrete-continuum interference, this design achieves enhanced sensitivity and spectral tunability across a broad frequency range. To achieve optimization of sensor’s performance, a methodological fusion of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented. The training dataset for the DNN is derived from simulations conducted via the Finite Element Method (FEM), enabling the meticulous calibration and predictive analysis of pivotal structural parameters, including the periodicity of the grating, the asymmetry height, and the Fermi energy level of graphene. The resultant optimized sensor is characterized by a sensitivity of 5890 nm/RIU and a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 150, highlighting the significant advancements achievable through the integration of state-of-the-art optimization methodologies with metamaterial design principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11105 - 11118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03175-1
Ponlatha S, Gomathy V, Arun Kumar U, Taha Sheheryar
{"title":"Next-Generation Hybrid Multi-Material Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Non-Invasive Glucose Detection with Machine Learning Optimization","authors":"Ponlatha S, Gomathy V, Arun Kumar U, Taha Sheheryar","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03175-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03175-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an innovative hybrid plasmonic biosensor design for non-invasive glucose detection in urine samples. Through optimization of geometric parameters and electrical properties, the sensor demonstrates exceptional performance with maximum absorption of 1.589 at 80° incident angle and graphene chemical potential of 0.9 eV. The device exhibits a competitive sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU, matching or exceeding existing designs, with optimal operation at 0.321 THz where maximum field confinement occurs. The sensor shows a frequency tuning range of 25 GHz (0.33 THz to 0.305 THz) for glucose detection, with figure of merit values ranging from 58.82 to 9.80 RIU⁻<sup>1</sup>. On the other the integration of machine learning demonstrates the remarkable performance with the ability of cutting down simulation time and resources. This multi-material approach leverages the complementary advantages of each component while mitigating individual material limitations, offering a promising solution for point-of-care glucose monitoring applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11119 - 11135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03155-5
Nasih Hma Salah , Yesudasu Vasimalla, Hogr M. Rasul, Baljinder Kaur, Chella Santhosh, Ramachandran Balaji, S. R. Srither, Santosh Kumar
{"title":"CsPbBr3-Quantum Dots-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based Plasmonic Biosensor for Pseudomonas Bacteria Detection","authors":"Nasih Hma Salah , Yesudasu Vasimalla, Hogr M. Rasul, Baljinder Kaur, Chella Santhosh, Ramachandran Balaji, S. R. Srither, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03155-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03155-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pseudomonas </i>bacteria are prevalent in soil, water, and all living things. <i>Pseudomonas</i> aeruginosa bacterial infections are a type of illness that causes infections in many parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract, and weakens our immune system. This study presents a cesium lead bromide quantum dots (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-QDs)-immobilized optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of <i>Pseudomonas</i> bacteria. The proposed probe sensor comprises multilayers, silver (Ag), CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-QDs, an affinity layer, and an analyte. The performance of the sensor for <i>Pseudomonas</i> bacterial detection is analyzed using two methods: wavelength and angular interrogation. The thickness of Ag, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-QDs and an affinity layers is optimized to 60, 8, and 3 nm, respectively, for better sensing performance. The test results indicate that the resonance parameters and sensitivity are directly proportional, while figure of merit (FOM) is inversely proportional to the analyte Refractive Index (RI). The wavelength interrogation method has a sensitivity of 1600 to 3305.6 nm/RIU, whereas the angular method has a sensitivity of 110 to 157.8 deg/RIU. On the other hand, FOM ranges from 26.7 to 32.0 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 30.3 to 39.3 RIU<sup>−1</sup> for wavelength and angular interrogation methods, respectively. The maximum sensitivity and FOM of wavelength and angular interrogation methods are compared to three affinity layers: poly, toluene, and nicotine. The measured sensitivity ranges are 2400–3400 nm/RIU for poly, 2600–3300 nm/RIU for toluene and 2600–3400 nm/RIU for nicotine. A comparison of sensitivity and FOM with and without CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> QDs is performed. The wavelength and angular interrogation methods with CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-QDs in the proposed sensor produce 1.62- and 1.38-times higher sensitivity than the absence of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-QDs, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11091 - 11104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03025-0
Sajid Ullah, Hailiang Chen, Sa Zhang, Linchuan Hu, Junling Hu, Shuguang Li
{"title":"Ag-Au Alloy Film and Ag/PDMS Film–Coated Dual-side Polished Photonic Crystal Fiber for Refractive Index and Temperature Detection","authors":"Sajid Ullah, Hailiang Chen, Sa Zhang, Linchuan Hu, Junling Hu, Shuguang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03025-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03025-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a dual-side polished photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for refractive index (<i>RI</i>) and temperature (<i>T</i>) sensing is presented and studied theoretically using finite element method (FEM). Metal alloy film coating for core 1 (C<sub>1</sub>) and a composite of silver and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used for core 2 (C<sub>2</sub>) for <i>RI</i> and temperature sensing, respectively. Detection ranges of 1.33 to 1.42 <i>RI</i> and − 20 to 100 °C were realized for <i>RI</i> and <i>T</i> measurements, respectively. The alloy coating generates two distinct resonance peaks. A maximum wavelength sensitivity of 54,300 nm/<i>RIU</i> and a resolution of 1.84 × 10⁻⁶ <i>RIU</i> were achieved at the second peak of core 1 (C<sub>1</sub>) for analytes with <i>RI</i> values of 1.41 and 1.42. The Ag/PDMS composite coating yields a wavelength sensitivity of 39.6 nm/°C and a resolution of 2.52 × 10⁻<sup>3</sup> °C in the temperature range of − 20 to − 10 °C. Eleven air holes in the cladding with two cores are simple to fabricate, cost effective, and show improved sensitivities with two peaks of core 1 using alloy coating is the key innovation in this work. Wide detection range, high sensitivities, and dual-parameter sensing make this work suitable for various applications including bio-sensing, environmental detection, and chemical sensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11075 - 11089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03161-7
Hoda M. Mamoun, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, O. Hatem, S. T. Assar, S. S. A. Obayya, Mohammad Y. Azab
{"title":"Design of Highly Sensitive Dual-Band THz Metamaterial Sensor for Cancer Early Detection","authors":"Hoda M. Mamoun, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, O. Hatem, S. T. Assar, S. S. A. Obayya, Mohammad Y. Azab","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03161-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03161-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel dual-band metamaterial sensor designed for the detection of cancer cells. The proposed sensor features a gold octagonal loop structure with carefully constructed gaps, achieving perfect absorption at 1994 GHz and 2700 GHz with absorption of 100% and 88%, respectively. The sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity to the analyte refractive index (RI) change, with sensitivities of 600 GHz/RIU and 800 GHz/RIU for the first and second resonance bands, respectively, with corresponding quality factor of 12.24 and 8.9 and a FOM of 3.66 and 2.64, respectively. Additionally, the reported design can be used for sensing different types of cancer types such as breast, cervical, Jurkat, PC12, and MCF-7 with an average sensitivity of 560 GHz/RIU and 770 GHz/RIU for the first and second resonances, respectively. The design is also simple and can be fabricated by current technology using photolithography technique. These results surpass those reported in recent literature, highlighting the sensor’s superior performance. Additionally, the sensor performance exhibits high linearity across the studied frequency range, robustness against fabrication tolerances, and compatibility with established fabrication technologies. The proposed metamaterial sensor represents a significant advancement in cancer detection, offering high sensitivity, flexibility, and ease of integration into biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11057 - 11073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Applications of Plasmon-Driven 2D Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst for the Remediation of Pollutants from Wastewater","authors":"Gajendra Kumar Inwati, R. Roopashree, Subhashree Ray, Rupesh Gupta, Kamleshkumar Shah, Mamta Chahar, Virendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03165-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03165-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasmon-assisted graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>)–based nanomaterials have emerged as efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation, particularly in degrading antibiotics, dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals from wastewater. The plasmonic metals, such as Ag, Au, Cu, or Pt, were formed by various routes and decorated on host matrices, including polymeric organic frames, glass composites, and 2D structures like graphene, carbon borides, carbon nitrides, and metal sulfides. The present review article presents a systematic methodology for developing plasmonic Ag and Au nanoparticle–based 2D carbon nitrides (CN)/graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanomaterials. Moreover, this review also compiles recent advances in the synthesis, structural modifications, and photocatalytic mechanisms of Ag- and Au-doped 2D carbon nitrides. The incorporation of noble metal nanoparticles enhances surface plasmon resonance, which promotes visible light absorption, bandgap tuning, and charge separation efficiency. Studies have revealed significantly improved degradation rates of pollutants up to 97% for antibiotics and over 98% for dyes, through synergistic interactions with dopants such as Cu, Pd, and rGO. Particularly, Ag-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composites achieved a reduction of up to 99.9% of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), while Pd/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanostructures exhibited high selectivity and reusability. The review also emphasizes the impact of molecular structure on degradation efficiency and outlines future challenges in catalyst stability, scalability, and performance optimization. These findings emphasize the promise of plasmon-enhanced 2D g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> materials in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"10773 - 10791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03173-3
Dana N. Alhamss, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Malek G. Daher, Hussein S. Gumaih, Yousif S. Adam, Sofyan A. Taya, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Shivam Singh, Anurag Upadhyay
{"title":"A Photonic Crystal Fiber Device for an Efficient Determination of Sucrose Concentrations","authors":"Dana N. Alhamss, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Malek G. Daher, Hussein S. Gumaih, Yousif S. Adam, Sofyan A. Taya, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Shivam Singh, Anurag Upadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03173-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03173-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The level of sucrose in an aqueous liquid has an extensive scope of purposes in medications, for example, food and protein safeguarding. Here, a novel PCFB has been presented to detect various sucrose levels in an aqueous solution that has an index of refraction in the scope of 1.345–1.442. The aimed PCFB includes an easy array of rectangular cavities. The capability of this detector in sensing is appraised via applying the finite element technique (FET). The effective material loss and confinement loss have been displayed extremely lower rates for the projected PCFB. Furthermore,the projected PCFB achieves an uppermost relative sensitivity of 99.514% for 70 gm/100 ml concentration of sucrose along with 98.849% core power fraction at 2.8 THz. At the same previous point, the effective area and numerical aperture are 96,483 μm<sup>2</sup> and 0.47832, respectively. These outcomes demonstrate that the planned PCFB will be used in identifying bioconstituents and poisonous chemicals effectively. Also, the simple structure confirms the possibility of fabrication by applying the current fabrication approaches without any complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11035 - 11047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03144-8
Jiyu Dong, Hongwei Zhu, Shuhuan Zhang, Bangquan Li, Min Peng
{"title":"Ultra-broadband Polarization Filter Using Liquid-Infiltrated Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber and Surface Plasmon Resonance","authors":"Jiyu Dong, Hongwei Zhu, Shuhuan Zhang, Bangquan Li, Min Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03144-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03144-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose a single polarization filter to regulate the polarization state of signal light by exploiting the high birefringence properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). A two-core PCF filter based on a liquid filled with an elliptical gold hole was numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the PCF filter demonstrates excellent filtering performance near the 1310 nm communication window with an air hole diameter <i>d</i> of 2.0 µm, a pore spacing <i>Ʌ</i> of 2.5 µm, a gold film thickness <i>t</i> of 30 nm, an elliptical hole axis<i> d</i><sub>a</sub> of 2.0 µm, and an axis <i>d</i><sub><i>b</i></sub> of 2.6 µm. The liquid of refractive index 1.36 was filled into the central air hole. The peak resonance loss strength is as high as 1008.15 dB/cm for the x-polarized mode, while it is only 39.16 dB/cm for the y-polarized mode. Moreover, the crosstalk and operation bandwidth increase with the fiber length. When the PCF transmission length reaches 400 µm, the maximum crosstalk can reach − 335.54 dB and the bandwidth can reach 550 nm. The photonic filter is expected to be widely used in optical communication, optical sensing and other fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11049 - 11055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03172-4
Sunita Debbarma, Puspa Devi Pukhrambam
{"title":"Duplex-Channel Plasmonic Biosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Cancer Cells","authors":"Sunita Debbarma, Puspa Devi Pukhrambam","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03172-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03172-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel duplex-channel biosensor designed for simultaneous detection of cervical cancer and adrenal gland cancer is proposed here. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) uses a thin film of Ta₂O₅ and gold for cancer cell detection. The finite element method (FEM)-based confinement loss (<i>C</i><sub>L</sub>) analysis is used for geometrical optimization. The right and left slots are denoted by Channel 1 (Ch1), and Channel 2 (Ch2) is the label for vertically positioned top and bottom slots, respectively. Two channels are separated by a thick barrier of silica layer to prevent direct contacts between two neighboring channels such that the analytes in each channel will not mix up. Simulation results show that Channel 1 with adrenal cancer cells supports y-polarized electric field modes, whereas Channel 2 with cervical cancer cells supports x-polarized modes. For cervical and adrenal cancer cells, the sensor’s amplitude sensitivities are 1168.83 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and 394.29 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, while its wavelength sensitivities are 8333.33 nm/RIU and 12,142.86 nm/RIU. The suggested sensor is a circular-shaped, dual-channel PCF sensor capable of detecting two separate analytes at the same time. The sensor uses an external sensing technique, which is affordable; liquid sample infiltration will be simpler, and it will make the sensing mechanism more convenient. With the ability to identify multiple cancer cells at once, the suggested sensor is a good fit for the biosensing applications in healthcare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 8","pages":"6183 - 6195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlasmonicsPub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1007/s11468-025-03168-0
Satyanarayana Angadala, Sreevardhan Cheerla, Snehanagasri Malakalapalli, Yesudasu Vasimalla, Sana Ben Khalifa, Saleh Chebaane
{"title":"A Label-Free Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Chemical Sensing","authors":"Satyanarayana Angadala, Sreevardhan Cheerla, Snehanagasri Malakalapalli, Yesudasu Vasimalla, Sana Ben Khalifa, Saleh Chebaane","doi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03168-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11468-025-03168-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a BK7 prism-silver (Ag)-aluminum phosphate (<span>({AlPO}_{4})</span>)-2D material structure for the detection of various chemical compounds. To design this structure, Kretschmann configuration is used. The sensor’s performance is analyzed using the transfer matrix method along with the angular interrogation technique at the wavelength of 633 nm. In the proposed sensor, Ag is used as metallic layers to generate the surface plasmon on the surface of prism. Also, it provides a sharp resonance dip that leads a high resolution. However, it has a problem with getting oxidized with the environment changes; therefore, <span>({AlPO}_{4})</span> is deposited on top of Ag to address this and enhance the sensor’s performance. Moreover, 2D material is placed on <span>({AlPO}_{4})</span> to enhance the sensor’s performance further due to their exceptional properties. Finally, to sense the chemical compounds, different refractive indices from 1.4021 to 1.4072 are considered, as demonstrated with analytes like n-butyl chloride, 2-methoxyethanol, cyclopentane, methyl isoamyl ketone, and tetrahydrofuran. Results exhibit a maximum sensitivity of 432.0697°/RIU, a quality factor (QF) of 173.4662 RIU⁻<sup>1</sup>, and a detection accuracy (DA) of 0.7459 1/RIU through the detection of various chemical samples, demonstrating excellent improvements over existing methodologies. Additionally, the standard fabrication steps were explored for the experimental feasibility of the proposed sensor. Therefore, the proposed sensor can be used to enhance the sensor performance as well as stands as a novel platform for the biological and biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":736,"journal":{"name":"Plasmonics","volume":"20 12","pages":"11011 - 11022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}