NSGA II Calculated Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Temperature Sensor

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are gaining increasing attention in the field of temperature sensing. To achieve a high-performance SPR sensing structure more comprehensively and efficiently, this paper introduces the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) algorithm into the optimization process of SPR sensing structures and the concept of an equivalent grating, where a BaTiO₃ grating is equivalently substituted by a thin film to further enhance sensing accuracy. Based on the temperature-sensitive material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and through the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) materials to modify the structural composition and thickness, an optimal quality temperature sensor is obtained. When illuminated with monochromatic light at 632.8 nm, the BaTiO₃(grating)-Ag-WS₂-BP-PDMS structure achieves a sensitivity of − 0.114°/K within the temperature range of 310–360 K. Fixing the incident angle at 75° and using monochromatic light with wavelengths ranging from 532 to 780 nm, the Ag-Graphene-PDMS structure reaches a sensitivity of − 1.35 nm/K within the same temperature range. The proposed sensors maintain high linearity while exhibiting excellent sensitivity and figure of merit.