Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Simulation of Methane Pyrolysis Using Direct Current Thermal Plasma with Computational Fluid Dynamics Incorporating Chemical Kinetics","authors":"Yong Hee Lee,&nbsp;Jeong-Hwan Oh,&nbsp;Sooseok Choi","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10650-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10650-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methane (CH₄) pyrolysis using thermal plasma is considered as a leading technology for hydrogen (H₂) production. In particular, the direct current (DC) plasma torch has attracted significant attention for this application due to its advantages over other plasma sources, including lower system cost and simpler operation. Despite growing interests, there are a lot of challenges in optimizing and scaling up the process. A reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is essential to address these challenges. In this work, the CFD model coupled with chemical reactions was developed to analyze the pyrolysis process and particularly estimate the pyrolysis performance like CH₄ conversion and species selectivity. The experimental work was conducted to demonstrate the validity of the developed simulation method. CH₄ flow rates of 10, 30, and 50 L/min were examined under fixed plasma operating conditions, which consisted of an N₂ plasma gas flow rate of 15 L/min, a discharge current of 200 A, and a voltage of 84 V at atmospheric pressure. The simulation results showed good agreement with experimental data across all flow rates, particularly in predicting CH₄ conversion, when accounting for discrepancies in the energy delivered by the plasma flame to the reactor. Moreover, H₂ selectivity at 10 L/min has little difference between simulation and experiment. However, larger differences observed at 30 and 50 L/min are attributed to limitations in the current chemical mechanism, which considers only the reaction pathway from CH₄ to C₆H₆. Despite these limitations, the developed simulation approach offers a useful tool for process optimization, enabling the prediction of CH₄ conversion under various plasma operating and CH₄ injection conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Viral Aerosol Fluorescence for Detection of Virus Infectivity Change Induced by Non-thermal Plasma","authors":"Zhenyu Ma,&nbsp;Herek L. Clack","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10648-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10648-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Airborne transmission of infectious diseases poses a great threat to public health and the global economy, prompting increased interest in the detection and mitigation of infectious airborne pathogens. Development of air disinfection technologies – those that rely on pathogen neutralization or inactivation rather than particle filtration, such as non-thermal plasma (NTP) – can require extensive tests to determine how the degree of disinfection is affected by operational settings, environmental conditions, aerosol composition, pathogen type, among other factors. Such parametric evaluation is made much more tedious by the need to physically extract pre- and post-treatment aerosol samples for comparative microbiological assays in order to measure change in pathogen viability and the efficacy of the neutralization/inactivation process. UV aerosol fluorescence has been used to detect and characterize aerosols of biological origin, such as pollen. In this study, UV fluorescence of MS2 bacteriophage aerosol is studied for its potential to serve as an indicator of changing viral aerosol infectivity, one that can provide a quicker indication of a change in viral aerosol infectivity than conventional bioaerosol collection followed by microbiological assay. In the present study, infectivity assays and fluorescence measurements of viral aerosols are taken before and after non-thermal plasma treatment. Results indicate that NTP treatment induces infectivity loss and diminished fluorescence intensity. Diminished fluorescence intensity and reduced infectivity are positively correlated, both becoming more pronounced with increased intensity of non-thermal plasma treatment. These findings suggest UV aerosol fluorescence could serve as a fast indicator of airborne virus infectivity change during test, evaluation, and optimization of air disinfection processes like NTP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-026-10648-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Oxide-Catalyst-Assisted Nitrogen Fixation via (text {NO}_x) Formation in Glow Discharges","authors":"Yiheng Li,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Chenxi Man,&nbsp;Xuekai Pei","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10642-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10642-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coupling oxide catalysts with plasma discharges has emerged as a highly effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of <span>(text {NO}_x)</span>-based nitrogen fixation. However, the fundamental mechanisms by which oxide catalysts promote <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation in plasma-assisted processes remain poorly understood. In this paper, several common oxides were investigated to evaluate their influence on <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation efficiency under atmospheric DC glow plasma. The term “catalyst” is used here in a broader sense to describe oxides that participate in plasma-assisted surface reactions, rather than conventional promotion of <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation. By combining XPS, FTIR, and TPD characterizations, the role of oxide catalysts in plasma <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> production was explored. All oxide catalysts were found to enhance <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> production, with the maximum production rate increasing by up to 25%. In parallel, the lowest energy cost decreased by around 10%, reaching a minimum of 4.5 MJ/mol. Notably, <span>(text {NO}_2)</span> production is more significantly affected by oxides, accounting for up to 90% of the overall increase in <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> production. XPS and FTIR analyses reveal the formation of nitrate (<span>(mathrm {NO_3^-})</span>) or nitrite (<span>(mathrm {NO_2^-})</span>) on all oxides except <span>(text {SiO}_2)</span> after discharge, while TPD results confirm the <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> adsorption and storage capabilities for all oxides used in this experiment. Low-oxygen concentration discharge experiments indicate that direct <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation on oxide surfaces is negligible, whereas the <span>(text {NO}_2)</span> production varies significantly among different oxides. These findings suggest a possible “<span>(text {NO}_x)</span> adsorption–oxidation–desorption” cycle occurring on oxide catalysts during plasma-assisted <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation. In particular, the catalytic oxidation of NO to <span>(text {NO}_2)</span> is proposed to facilitate the progression of nitrogen fixation and contribute to improved energy efficiency. Further thermal desorption analysis of CuO after discharge and TPD results demonstrate that effective <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> desorption is a key step in the enhancement provided by oxides. Although elevated temperatures favor <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> desorption, they also suppress NO oxidation, thereby limiting the improvement in <span>(text {NO}_x)</span> formation efficiency by oxides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Atmospheric Plasma Applications in Viral Inactivation: Systematic Review and Metanalysis","authors":"Pasquale Isabelli,&nbsp;Daniela Boehm,&nbsp;Cristina Canal,&nbsp;Matteo Gherardi,&nbsp;Romolo Laurita","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10611-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10611-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work is a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A predefined protocol was followed to ensure a transparent, reproducible, and methodologically rigorous selection and analysis of the available literature on the use of cold plasma for viral inactivation. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology has emerged as a promising tool for combating viruses. This study presents a systematic review of current knowledge regarding CAP applications in virology. A comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus and Web of Science databases, including studies published between 2000 and 2024 that explored the use of CAP in virology. Following the guidelines outlined by PRISMA, 160 articles were identified and categorized into six categories. The analysis highlighted a notable increase in publications within this field since 2020, coinciding with the emergence of COVID-19. Geographically, the United States emerged as the leading contributor to research in this area, accounting for 21.9% of the publications. Among the identified articles, 20.6% were classified as reviews, while the remaining 79.4% comprised research studies. Data extraction focused on publication year, last author’s country affiliation, CAP source type, targeted applications, and investigated virus species. Fundamental research constituted the largest category of articles (34.4%), followed by studies exploring surface decontamination via CAP technology (18.8%). Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) were identified as the most prevalent CAP source employed in the studies, representing 26% of all cases. Analysis of the included experimental articles showed investigations encompassing 42 distinct viral species. RNA viruses emerged as the most extensively studied group, accounting for 76.2% of the research focus. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate the effectiveness of CAP in inactivating a broad spectrum of viruses. This includes both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses and DNA and RNA viruses affecting humans, animals, and plants. CAP-mediated viral inactivation is likely mediated by a multiplicity mechanism involving direct damage to viral particles, viral replication disruption, and host immune response modulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-025-10611-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Role of Surface and Volume Processes for Atomic Oxygen Losses in CO2 Glow Discharges in Pyrex","authors":"Pedro Viegas,&nbsp;Blandine Berdugo,&nbsp;Vasco Guerra","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10607-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10607-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work examines how to estimate an effective O(³P) surface recombination probability <span>(gamma _textrm{O})</span> in CO₂ plasmas in Pyrex from the temporal evolution of its density, measured in modulated current conditions in DC glow discharges. Zero-dimensional simulations are used under steady-state and current modulation conditions to analyse experimental data available for pressures in the range 0.2–5 Torr and currents between 10 and 50 mA. It is shown that the estimation of <span>(gamma _textrm{O})</span> is simpler in CO₂ than in O₂, as in the former case it can be realistically estimated by assuming that the net losses of O(³P) correspond to surface recombination losses only, while in the latter case volume recombination and flow losses have to be additionally taken into account. The main reason for this difference is the lower fraction of oxygen species in CO₂ plasmas, leading to much lower volume recombination rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C2H4 Synthesis Through Catalytic C2H2 Hydrogenation in post-CH4 Plasma Streams: Performance of Noble and non-noble Catalysts","authors":"Eduardo Morais,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Yanhui Yi,&nbsp;Annemie Bogaerts","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10641-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10641-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the post-plasma catalytic hydrogenation of C₂H₂ into C₂H₄ from CH₄, H₂, and C₂H₂ mixtures designed to emulate effluents from plasma reactors used for non-oxidative CH₄ coupling. Four noble and non-noble metal catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃ were tested across a controlled temperature range, representative of plasma reactor outflows. Supported by a temperature-dependent surface micro-kinetic model, our study aids to understand the interplay between plasma-derived gas compositions and catalyst surface chemistry, confirming how temperature influences the reaction mechanisms, selectivity and by-product formation in the post-plasma zone. In line with previous research, Pd exhibits the highest C₂H₄ selectivity (up to 63%), while Pt favours over-hydrogenation to C₂H₆ and non-noble Cu and Ni catalysts show limited C₂H₄ selectivity due to oligomerisation and coking, respectively. Interestingly, our model provides novel mechanistic insights into CH₄ formation and catalyst deactivation by carbon deposition on the Ni catalyst. These findings offer new practical guidance relevant to further development and implementation of post-plasma hydrogenation for plasma-based valorisation of CH₄ towards C₂H₄.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adventures in Plasma Chemistry","authors":"D. B. Graves","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10616-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10616-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma chemistry is a remarkably diverse field that spans many areas of fundamental and applied science and industrial technology. Over more than a century of study and application, the field has grown in multiple directions and continues to redefine itself and expand its impact. Some promising new directions are identified in quantitative methods, material processing, and applications to living systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for Plasma Control of Fibrosis Signaling","authors":"Juliette Letellier-Bao,&nbsp;Kenneth Finnson,&nbsp;Shikha Chawla,&nbsp;Caroline Boudoux,&nbsp;Anie Philip,&nbsp;Derek Rosenzweig,&nbsp;Stephan Reuter","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10613-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10613-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibrosis, a wound healing disorder is linked to an imbalance in redox signaling. In this work we develop a new methodology to influence and study cell signaling based on exogenous supply of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by cold plasma. Cold plasma is an electrically activated gas that contains highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We demonstrate that cell responses ranging from shifts in protein expression to changes in metabolic activity and molecular transport can be altered by specifically controlled plasma composition. First, we show that the composition of plasma can be changed from reactive oxygen to reactive nitrogen species. Treating fibroblasts, connective tissue cells, with these different plasmas, it is shown that there are differences in cellular responses: differences in collagen protein secretion measured with immunohistochemistry and in hydrogen peroxide extracellular concentrations measured with colorimetry technique. These findings demonstrate that distinct plasma regimes can trigger tailored cellular responses, laying the groundwork for personalized plasma medicine, where treatment parameters are fine-tuned according to the therapeutic goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-025-10613-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147336975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Formation of Nitrate and Nitrite Species in Plasma-Activated Liquids: From Distilled Water to Cell Culture Solutions","authors":"Jin Hee Bae,&nbsp;Seong-Cheol Huh,&nbsp;Negar Rahdar,&nbsp;Sanghoo Park","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10638-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10638-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma-activated liquids (PALs) bridge plasma chemistry and aqueous reactivity, offering a controllable platform for biomedical, agricultural, and environmental applications. Their reactivity stems from gas-phase reactive oxygen and nitrogen species dissolving into the liquid; however, the role of the choice of solution in governing this chemistry remains insufficiently investigated. Here, we systematically compare deionized water (DW), mineral water (MW), tap water (TW), phosphate‑buffered saline (PBS), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) treated under identical conditions using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) in a gas‑tight reactor. By coupling in situ optical absorption spectroscopy with liquid-phase analysis, we reveal a direct link between the gas-phase O₃–NO_<i>x</i> transition and the formation of NO₂⁻, HNO₂, and NO₃⁻ in each solution. Among the tested media, PBS exhibited the fastest transition, occurring about 82 s earlier than in DW, driven by its high ionic strength and rapid O₃ consumption. While nitrate concentrations converged across solutions, nitrite and nitrous acid were strongly modulated by initial pH, buffering capacity, and ionic composition. In particular, PBS produced significantly higher NO₂⁻ levels, reaching 0.453 mM, which is about 6.6 times higher than the lowest concentration observed in DMEM. Dilution of PBS (0.5X, 0.1X) delayed the transition and reduced buffering, favoring HNO₂ accumulation. These findings demonstrate that PAL chemistry emerges from the interplay between plasma conditions and solution properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-026-10638-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Streamer-to-spark Transition in Nanosecond in-liquid Discharges","authors":"Audren Dorval,&nbsp;Luc Stafford,&nbsp;Ahmad Hamdan","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10640-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10640-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transitions between plasma modes in pulsed discharges have a strong influence on plasma properties, and thus, they impact many plasma-based applications. The streamer-to-spark transition has been extensively studied in gases; however, it is far less explored in liquids, with only few reports published in the literature. Herein, we investigate the streamer-to-spark transition in water using a liquid–liquid interface configuration, in which a pin electrode is placed at the heptane–water interface to enhance the electric field and generate 4 mm-long discharges at 20 kV with 100% occurrence probability. Using 1-ns ICCD imaging, it is revealed that the transition occurs within 14 ns, from the moment the streamer reaches the cathode to the moment the plasma channel resistivity drops. Gaussian Process analysis shows that two successive anode-directed ionization waves are issued in the residual streamer channel upon streamer contact with the cathode. The first potential wave is identified as a return streamer due to the resistive nature of the primary streamer channel, and it propagates at 1000–4000 km/s. Comparatively, the second wave is slower (150–600 km/s) and thus, is identified as a filament. This filament is induced by progressive channel heating, which eventually leads to reduced resistivity and the formation of a thermalized spark.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}