Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Atmospheric Pressure Portable Catalytic Thermal Plasma System for Fast Synthesis of Aqueous NO3 and NO2 Fertilizer from Air and Water","authors":"Srikumar Ghorui,&nbsp;Nirupama Tiwari,&nbsp;Harshala Parab","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meaningful deployment of plasma water-based nitrogen fixation in agricultural application is hindered primarily due to its poor synthesis rate in compact systems. The study reports a directly deployable thermal plasma based portable catalytic compact system, offering typical synthesis rate as high as 1035 mg/min for nitrate and 635 mg/min for nitrite directly from naturally abundant atmospheric air and water. Developed technology is clean, sustainable, easily decentralizable, and completely free from fossil fuels and harmful intermediates like ammonia. The system avoids safety hazards and costs related to the requirements of continuous energy resources, pressurized environment for synthesis, regulated storage, refrigeration need, transportation of raw materials and distribution of fertilizer, as may be required by other competing technologies. Described system, consisting of air plasma torch, reaction chamber, water injection manifold and catalytic bed creates a unique nascent reactive plasma environment at ambient pressure that auto activates the catalyst in the field of thermal plasma for highly efficient fixation of nitrogen. Presented results indicate that use of combination catalysts with mechanically enhanced surface area allows drastic enhancement in the nitrogen fixation. Possible reaction chemistries, results of trials with different catalysts, time evolution of concentration, auto-conversion from nitrite to nitrate in aqueous media, time stability of concentration of the synthesized nitrate and observed remarkable effectiveness in the actual field trials are presented. Achieved synthesis rates are compared with those reported in literature in the area of thermal and non-thermal plasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"371 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10514-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Tube Diameter on the Surface Distributions of ROS in Model Tissue Treated with a He + O2 Plasma Jet","authors":"Tongtong He,&nbsp;Liping Song,&nbsp;Yanpeng He,&nbsp;Zeyu Chen,&nbsp;Yuesheng Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10518-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10518-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of quartz tube size on the surface distributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in model tissue treated with a He + O₂ plasma jet was investigated. Gelatin gel was used to construct the model tissue, and a KI-starch color agent was mixed with the model tissue to visualize the distribution of ROS. With increasing quartz tube diameter, the uniformity of the ROS distribution on the model tissue decreased, and the change in the surface distribution area of the ROS on the model tissue over the irradiation distance was quite different for different quartz tube diameters. The surface distribution of ROS on the model tissue was affected mainly by the working gas flow; thus, the diffusion range of the working gas flow on the model tissue surface determined the surface distribution area of ROS on the model tissue. The working gas flow was accelerated, and the diffusion range of the working gas flow on the model tissue surface expanded when the plasma was ignited, resulting from the modification of the working gas flow by the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effect. The EHD effect on the expansion of the diffusion range of working gas flow on the model tissue was different for different quartz tube diameters, and the effect was determined mainly by the discharge current density of the plasma jet and the plasma propagation length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"239 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Transport of Reactive Nitrogen Plasma Species into Water Bulk vs. Aerosolized Microdroplets","authors":"Mostafa Elsayed Hassan,&nbsp;Mário Janda,&nbsp;Zdenko Machala","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents the experimental study of the transport of typical air plasma long-lived reactive nitrogen species (RNS: HNO₂, NO₂, and NO) into deionized water and compares them with the most typical reactive oxygen species (ROS: H₂O₂ and O₃). RONS are generated either by external sources or by a hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge, in contact with bulk water or aerosol of charged electrospray (ES) or non-charged nebulized microdroplets with a large gas/plasma-water interface. It was found that NO’s contribution to NO₂¯ ion formation was negligible, NO₂ contributed to about 10%, while the dominant contributor to NO₂¯ ion formation in water was gaseous HNO₂. A higher transport efficiency of O₃, and a much higher formation efficiency of NO₂¯ from gaseous NO₂ or HNO₂ than predicted by Henry’s law was observed, compared to the transport efficiency of H₂O₂ that corresponds to the expected Henry’s law solvation. The improvement of the transport/formation efficiencies by nebulized and ES microdroplets, where the surface area is significantly enhanced compared to the bulk water, is most evident for the solvation enhancement of the weakly soluble O₃. NO₂¯ ion formation efficiency was strongly improved in ES microdroplets with respect to bulk water and even to nebulized microdroplets, which is likely due to the charge effect that enhanced the formation of aqueous nitrite NO₂¯ ions when NO₂ or HNO₂ are transported into water. Comparisons of the molar amounts of O₃, H₂O₂, and NO₂¯ formed in water by hybrid streamer-transient spark plasma discharge with those obtained with single RONS from the external sources enabled us to estimate approximate concentrations of gaseous concentrations of HNO₂, NO₂, O₃, and H₂O₂. The medium or highly soluble gaseous HNO₂ or H₂O₂, with a low concentration of &lt; 10 ppm are sufficient to induce the measured aqueous NO₂¯ or H₂O₂ amounts in water. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the transport mechanism of gaseous plasma RONS into water that can optimize the design of plasma–liquid interaction systems to produce efficient and selected aqueous RONS in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"161 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10511-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Graphene Oxide Via Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation","authors":"Kittiya Kosaentor,&nbsp;Chanokporn Chaiwong","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10513-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10513-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene oxide sheets were irradiated with argon and hydrogen plasma in the configuration of plasma immersion ion implantation with a pulsed negative voltage of -5 kV at varying time intervals, ranging from 2 to 8 min. Their characteristics were investigated in terms of surface and structural modification, elemental compositions and bonding, and sheet resistance. The irradiation removed surface irregularities and transformed it into a smoother surface. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the sp² network was restored after the radiation. Due to different energy loss mechanisms, hydrogen irradiation resulted in a smaller size of sp² domains, while argon radiation led to more structural defects. The XPS results showed that a significant amount of hydroxyl/epoxy groups were removed, and an increase in carboxyl groups was observed after the irradiation. This indicates that some surface reactions, such as hydrogenation and adsorption of molecules from the environment, occurred. Conductive graphene oxide sheets were obtained as the sheet resistance of the irradiated graphene oxide was reduced compared to that of the pristine graphene oxide. This demonstrates that PIII could be a potential technique to reduce graphene oxide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 1","pages":"33 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Hydrogels with Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties: Enhanced Properties by Incorporating of Plasma Activated Water","authors":"C. G. Cuéllar-Gaona,&nbsp;J. A. González-López,&nbsp;E. O. Martínez-Ruiz,&nbsp;P. Acuña-Vazquez,&nbsp;M. D. Dávila-Medina,&nbsp;J. J. Cedillo-Portillo,&nbsp;R. I. Narro-Céspedes,&nbsp;G. Soria-Arguello,&nbsp;M. Puca-Pacheco,&nbsp;M. C. Ibarra-Alonso,&nbsp;M. G. Neira-Velázquez","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10506-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10506-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma technology for generating activated water has garnered significant interest among researchers for its antimicrobial properties post-treatment. This study aimed to produce chitosan hydrogels incorporating various types and concentrations of plasma activated water (PAW) derived from tap water and purified water. Initially, the physicochemical properties of PAW, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), were assessed, revealing a notable decrease in pH and an increase in EC and TDS post-activation. Chitosan hydrogels were then synthesized using PAW and subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Results indicated a minimal impact on the chemical structure of the hydrogels post-PAW addition. TGA and DSC results revealed differences between tap water-based hydrogels and purified water-based hydrogels, indicating the presence of impurities or minerals in tap water. SEM observations depicted morphological alterations with increased plasma exposure, potentially enhancing antimicrobial activity. In degradation and swelling tests, the hydrogels exhibited pH sensitivity, maintaining integrity in neutral and alkaline media while dissolving in acidic conditions. Hemocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy were confirmed through hemolysis tests and antibacterial/antifungal assays, particularly in hydrogels with prolonged water activation times, attributed to reactive species in PAW. These findings underscore the potential of these hydrogels as disinfectants in the biomedical field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2303 - 2322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Combined with Ce-Ni Mesoporous catalysts for CO2 splitting to CO","authors":"Oleg V. Golubev,&nbsp;Anton L. Maximov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10512-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10512-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A process of CO₂ decomposition in dielectric barrier discharge reactor using mesoporous CeO₂-NiO catalysts was studied. Mesoporous materials of MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCF types were used in this study to investigate the influence of the material structure on CO₂ decomposition efficiency. The obtained catalysts were characterized by physico-chemical methods: low temperature N₂ adsorption, X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CO₂ conversion, CO yield and CO selectivity as well as energy efficiency and specific energy input were calculated. The comparison of process efficiency was conducted with that in the absence of any catalyst (plasma-only reactor). It was shown that in the presence of Ce-based catalysts, the conversion of CO₂ (from 11 to 19%) and CO yield rise significantly, while CeNi samples show minor performance in CO₂ plasma-catalytic dissociation. Porous characteristics affected the performance of CO₂ decomposition. Using wide-porous MCF-type material as a support, it was possible to achieve the highest conversion due to enhanced CO₂ adsorption in pores and subsequent plasma-catalytic decomposition. The combination of mesoporous silica material as a support and a CeO₂ as an active component is promising for the plasma-catalytic CO₂ splitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2087 - 2100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Non-Thermal Plasma for Seed Germination, Plant Growth, and Secondary Metabolite Synthesis: A Promising Frontier for Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Mayura Veerana,&nbsp;Sohail Mumtaz,&nbsp;Juie Nahushkumar Rana,&nbsp;Rida Javed,&nbsp;Kamonporn Panngom,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmed,&nbsp;Khadija Akter,&nbsp;Eun Ha Choi","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10510-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10510-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable agriculture requires the exploration and development of eco-friendly technologies to increase crop production. From the last few decades, nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) based technology appears as an encouraging frontier in this quest. NTAPP with low temperature and energetic gas-phase chemistry offers potential applications to promote seed germination rate and plant growth. It initiates a cascade of biological responses at molecular levels inside the seed as well as in plants, greater nutrient uptake, elevated antioxidant activity, and pathogen control to ensure improved germination, seedling growth, plant growth, and increased harvesting. NTAPP technology has become more popular and convenient in agriculture due to its potential to produce plasma-activated water (PAW), which harnesses useful reactive species with PAW irrigation to promote plant growth. Recent advancements in NTAPP technology and its applications to promote seed germination, seedling growth, plant growth, and metabolite synthesis were summarized in this review. We delve deeper to examine the possible mechanisms that underlie the involvement of reactive species from NTAPP, surface interactions, and gene expression regulation. We also have discussed the applications of NTAPP in seed priming, pre-planting treatments, and disease control for food preservation. For sustainable agriculture, NTAPP stands out as an eco-friendly technology with the potential to revolutionize crop production of the modern age. Many researchers proved that NTAPP reduces the need for agrochemicals and presents a viable path toward sustainable agriculture. This review will provide recent progress by outlining major challenges and shaping future directions for harnessing the potential of NTAPP in agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2263 - 2302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Preservation Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Plasma Activated Water with Various Preservatives on Capsicum annuum L. (Jalapeño and Pusa Jwala)","authors":"Vikas Rathore,&nbsp;Piyush Sharma,&nbsp;Arun Prasath Venugopal,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar Nema","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10509-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10509-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates the efficacy of plasma-activated water (PAW) in preserving green chillies (jalapeño and pusa jwala) and compared it with various household fruits and vegetables cleaners’ solutions. PAW was prepared using a pencil plasma jet with air as the plasma forming gas. The results of visual analysis revealed that PAW-treated chillies maintain their fresh appearance even after 21 days, exhibiting significantly lower spoilage compared to control (ultrapure milli-Q water) and fruits and vegetables cleaners’ solutions. PAW demonstrated antimicrobial properties, effectively reducing microbial growth and spoilage on chillies over the storage period. Physical attributes, such as weight loss and firmness, are evaluated. It has been observed that PAW-treated chillies exhibit lower weight loss and higher firmness, indicating better membrane integrity and moisture retention. Microbial resistance was notably higher in PAW-treated chillies compared to control and when cleaning solutions were used. CIELAB color analysis revealed that PAW-treated chillies retain greenness, and color, freshness, outperforming control and cleaners. Sensory evaluation, including visual inspection, smell, taste, and touch, consistently favored PAW-treated chillies, emphasizing their superiority in terms of enhancement in shelf-life. Biochemical analysis revealed that PAW-treated chillies either maintain or show enhancement in nutritional attributes such as soluble sugar, protein, and ascorbic acid concentrations. Phenol concentration (antioxidant activity) remained stable across treatments. Overall, the study underscores the positive impact of PAW treatment on preserving the membrane integrity, antimicrobial resistance, sensory quality, and nutritional attributes of green chillies, making PAW an alternative for extending their shelf life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2179 - 2198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10509-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biphasic Plasma Microreactor for Pollutants Degradation in Water","authors":"Ghewa Akiki,&nbsp;Stephanie Ognier,&nbsp;Pascal Rajagopalan,&nbsp;Cecilia Devaux,&nbsp;Ichiro Kano,&nbsp;Noelia Merino,&nbsp;Simeon Cavadias,&nbsp;Yann Ratieuville,&nbsp;Xavier Duten,&nbsp;Michael Tatoulian","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10503-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10503-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combination of plasma technology with microfluidics has gained significant attention in recent years. The unique characteristics of microfluidic chips, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and efficient mass transfer, coupled with plasma’s ability to provide the necessary green energy for the degradation of complex molecules, make this combination promising for water and wastewater treatment applications. A gas/liquid biphasic dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma microreactor powered by a nano-pulsed excitation source, at atmospheric pressure, was used to study the degradation of p-benzoquinone and caffeine in water, chosen as model molecules for water pollution. Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses, the argon plasma was able to completely degrade both molecules at concentrations 10^− 5, 10^− 4 and 10^− 3 mol/L. At higher concentration (10^− 2 mol/L), the plasma promotes the synthesis of hydroquinone from p-benzoquinone. A 50% mineralization is achieved after plasma for the caffeine in aqueous solution at 10^− 5 M.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2163 - 2177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Oxidative Coupling of Methane via Plasma-Catalysis Over M/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts (M = Ni, Fe, Rh, Pt and Pd): Impact of Active Metal and Noble Gas Co-Feeding","authors":"Panagiotis N. Kechagiopoulos,&nbsp;James Rogers,&nbsp;Pierre-André Maitre,&nbsp;Alan J. McCue,&nbsp;Marcus N. Bannerman","doi":"10.1007/s11090-024-10507-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-024-10507-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plasma-catalysis has attracted significant interest in recent years as an alternative for the direct upgrading of methane into higher-value products. Plasma-catalysis systems can enable the electrification of chemical processes; however, they are highly complex with many previous studies even reporting negative impacts on methane conversion. The present work focuses on the non-oxidative plasma-catalysis of pure methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor at atmospheric pressure and with no external heating. A range of transition and noble metals (Ni, Fe, Rh, Pt, Pd) supported on γ-Al₂O₃ are studied, complemented by plasma-only and support-only experiments. All reactor packings are investigated either with pure methane or co-feeding of helium or argon to assess the role of noble gases in enhancing methane activation via energy transfer mechanisms. Electrical diagnostics and charge characteristics from Lissajous plots, and electron temperature and collision rates calculations via BOLSIG+ are used to support the findings with the aim of elucidating the impact of both active metal and noble gas on the reaction pathways and activity. The optimal combination of Pd catalyst and Ar co-feeding achieves a substantial improvement over non-catalytic pure methane results, with C₂₊ yield rising from 30% to almost 45% at a concurrent reduction of energy cost from 2.4 to 1.7 <span>(:text{M}text{J}:{text{m}text{o}text{l}}_{text{C}{text{H}}_{4}}^{-1})</span> and from 9 to 4.7 <span>(:text{M}text{J}:text{m}text{o}{text{l}}_{{text{C}}_{2+}}^{-1})</span>. Pd, along with Pt, further displayed the lowest coke deposition rates among all packings with overall stable product composition during testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"44 6","pages":"2057 - 2085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-024-10507-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}